Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

Objective: Aim: To focus on the dependence of the severity of the clinical features of traumatic illness on stress components and chronic stress in particular.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Analysis of data on the results of existing studies assessing the impact of chronic stress on the course of traumatic illness.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The introduction of a therapeutic complex of immunotherapy and sedatives for traumatic illness with a pronounced stress component, with the possible development of severe complications, will make it possible to improve the results of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with traumatic illness.

Objective: Aim: This study was performed to investigate the potential nephroprotective effect of Tangeretin on bilateral renal I/R injury in male rats.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Forty male rats were split into four groups of ten (sham, control, DMSO, and Tangeretin). The sham group underwent a median laparotomy under anaesthesia without inducing ischemia/reperfusion; the control group underwent clamping for thirty minutes on the bilateral renal artery, followed by two hours of reperfusion; the vehicle group received DMSO one hour before induction of ischemia; and the Tangeretin group received 5 mg/ kg of Tangeretin one hour before ischemia. Biochemical parameters (KIM1, IL-1β, and TNF-α, F2-isoprostane, GSH, and caspase-3) were measured using an ELISA approach. Furthermore, histological alterations were examined, and the Notch/Jagged1 signalling pathway was assessed using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results: Results: Tangeretin pre-treatment reduced kidney damage molecules (KIM1, IL-1β, and TNF-α, F2-isoprostane, GSH, and caspase-3) while increasing antioxidant indicators and decreasing inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Improving histological outcomes and significantly decreasing Notch1 and Jagged-1 gene expression in kidney tissues during renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Tangeretin has significant nephroprotective advantages in renal IRI by decreasing the Notch pathway and exhibiting anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Objective: Aim: To discuss the indications for elective thyroid surgery and peri-surgical clinical strategy in patients with thyroid diseases.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted from October 2024 to April 2025, analyzing relevant publications published between June 2005 and January 2024, sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Thyroid disorders encompass various conditions, including Graves' disease, hyperthyroidism, and thyrotoxicosis. Hypothyroidism manifests as subclinical or overt. Surgical indications for thyroidectomy include symptomatic nodules, indeterminate/Bethesda III-V cytology, malignancy (Bethesda VI), or compressive symptoms. Ultrasound-guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA), based on nodule size and EU-TIRADS risk stratification, is pivotal for evaluation. Advanced aids in risk assessment. Surgical complications (hemorrhage, hypoparathyroidism, recurrence laryngeal nerve injury) require prompt management. Molecular testing refines indeterminate cytology diagnoses. Thyroidectomy is contraindicated in anaplastic cancer and/or high surgical risk cases. Postoperative monitoring for hypocalcemia, voice changes, and bleeding is essential.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Resource constraints hinder widespread adoption of advanced thyroid diagnostics, creating challenges in optimal nodule management.

Objective: Aim: This work uses a male Wistar Albino rat model of experimentally induced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to examine the nephroprotective potential of Urolithin A.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight rats (N=7) were randomly assigned to four groups: DMSO pre-injection as a vehicle, bilateral renal IRI for 30 minutes followed by two hours of reperfusion as a control, sham (laparotomy without IRI), and treatment (Urolithin A pre-injection for three days). ELISA and histological analysis were used to assess biomarkers of kidney injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Results: Results: While GSH levels were enhanced, Urolithin A therapy primarily decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA, Caspase-3, and KIM-1 levels. Furthermore, the group treated with Urolithin A showed a substantial downregulation of FOXO3 expression. Histopathological results verified that the therapy group had less kidney damage.

Conclusion: Conclusions: These findings suggest that Urolithin A produces nephroprotective effects against IRI via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, particularly through the control of FOXO3. This study suggests that Urolithin A is a good treatment candidate for renal IRI control.

Objective: Aim: To detect the effect of an experimental 0.7% nanosilver in sodium fluoride (NSSF) and compare it to that of 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) on demineralized teeth, also observes the impact of applying 10% Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous-calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on those groups and compares that to CPP-ACP's lone impact on demineralized teeth.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 60 sound, premolar teeth without hypo-mineralization or cracks. They were divided into three groups following the formation of caries-like lesions using a Feather Stone pH cycle. Group No.1 was treated with NSSF, group No.2 was treated with NaF, and deionized water was used for Group No.3. All groups had two minutes of application time and were then stored for 24 hours in artificial saliva. After that, they were treated with CPP-ACP, for seven days twice a day. Microhardness measurements were carried out four times: before any intervention, after the pH cycle, after 24 hours from the application of NSSF and NaF, and a final one after seven days from the application of CPP-ACP on the previous groups. An XRF, XRD analysis, and particle size analyzer were used to confirm the nanosilver properties of the powder.

Results: Results: There was a statistically significant increase in microhardness values (P<0.05) following CPP-ACP's application on teeth previously subjected to NSSF and NaF. The group that was subjected to deionized water before CPP-ACP's application revealed a statistically significant value (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Conclusions: CPP-ACP enhances the microhardness and, hence, the mineralization of teeth previously treated with NSSF and NaF solutions.

Objective: Aim: The study aimed to determine the peculiarities of the micro- and ultrastructural organization of the skin under conditions of a four-week administration of an opioid to experimental animals.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study material included skin samples of white rats with injected vascular beds, histological preparations, and ultrathin skin sections. The research methods involved injection techniques, histological analysis, electron microscopy, morphometric measurements, and statistical analysis.

Results: Results: The results of the study revealed that after four weeks of nalbuphine administration to experimental animals, blood stasis was observed in the lumen of the capillaries and venules, along with perivascular edema and perivascular infiltrates consisting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and tissue basophils. The electron density of the nuclei and cytoplasm of the granular layer keratinocytes was reduced, keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum acquired a rounded shape, with some nuclei appearing shrunken and hyperchromatic, and their cytoplasm exhibiting vacuolization. In the reticular layer, thickened bundles of collagen fibers were observed, with localized swelling and fragmentation of the collagen fibers. Excessive formation of scales was noticed in the stratum corneum. The papillary layer of the dermis contained numerous mast cells and lymphocytes near blood vessels. The shape of sebaceous and sweat gland cells was altered, with swollen cytoplasm, and lymphohistiocytic infiltration was observed around them. A decrease (p<0.05) in the density of capillary loops in the subpapillary vascular plexus of the skin in the gluteal region of white rats after four weeks of nalbuphine administration, along with an increase (p>0.5) in the trophic activity index of the skin, confirms profound destructive changes in the vascular architecture of the skin.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Four weeks of nalbuphine administration induces irreversible pathological processes in all skin components.

Objective: Aim: The aim of research is to assess whether various blood groups can be associated with the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus and if malondialdehyde can be used for the diagnosis of GDM.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A case control study started from September 2022 to June 2023 enrolled 200 pregnant women aged between 15-45 years, cases included 100 patients selectively collected with a confirmed diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, and 100 were healthy normal in Kerbala obstetrics and gynecology hospital, both patient and controls group categorized according to blood group type.

Results: Results: Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus are mostly of blood group AB in comparison with pregnant women without Gestational diabetes mellitus, and both A and B were significantly higher among control pregnant women, additionally, two groups' blood group O levels were almost identical. Malondialdehyde mean was significantly higher in pregnant women with Gestational diabetes mellitus with p-values 0.001. Statistically significant differences could not be detected in the mean levels of MDA across the various blood groups (p= 0.505).

Conclusion: Conclusions: This research reveals that mother's ABO blood group has a role in the development of GDM and the blood group AB is more likely to develop GDM, blood group A & B are less likely to develop GDM and may be regarded as a protective factor. MDA can be used for the diagnosis of GDM but further studies are required to support this finding.

Foodstuffs for special dietary purposes are products that, due to their special method of preparation or composition, differ from common foodstuffs and are intended to meet the nutritional needs of specific groups of consumers, such as oncology patients. The indication for the use of these products is to provide the body with essential nutrients in the right proportions, thereby improving or maintaining the current state of health. Dietary supplements are also food products that contain vitamins and other substances, and their intake is aimed at helping to maintain specific nutrients in the human body at the appropriate level.Dietary supplements should be used under medical supervision and at a dosage determined by the body's needs. Both of the above-mentioned groups of nutritional products are gaining increasing popularity among consumers. Many of them, encouraged by the described health benefits, use and dose these products without consulting a doctor or pharmacist, often exceeding the recommended intake and even replacing a well-balanced diet, which can pose a serious health risk.These products, in combination with certain medications, can also pose a serious risk of adverse effects, especially in the elderly population taking multiple medications.Therefore, their use should be cautious, and in case of any doubts, it should be preceded by consultation with a doctor or pharmacist.

Objective: Aim: To conduct a comparative legal study of healthcare fraud in the United States of America and Ukraine.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: This study is based on the analysis of the US federal regulatory legislation (False Claims Act, Anti-Kickback Statute, Stark Law); data from the Fraud Section of the US Department of Justice for the last five years; case law in Ukraine (more than 30 court verdicts were analysed); data from the National Health Service of Ukraine. Dialectical, hermeneutic, comparative, analytical, synthetic, and systems analysis research methods were used.

Results: Results: The criminal legislation acts that provide for criminal liability for healthcare fraud under the laws of the United States and Ukraine are analysed; the criteria for identifying types of healthcare fraud and related criminal offences are defined. It is determined that healthcare fraud has a multidimensional nature, which can manifest itself in different ways, but the common purpose in these manifestations of criminal behaviour is deception or intentional distortion of facts to obtain money or property that is under the control of or owned by any healthcare benefit programme (in the US) or medical guarantees programme (in Ukraine). There are various illegal manipulations with the state programme of medical guarantees. Starting from 2021, the judicial practice of Ukraine lacks a single acceptable approach to the criminal legal assessment of such illegal manipulations.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The experience of the United States in determining the types of criminal offences that constitute healthcare fraud and establishing criminal liability for their commission is appropriate to borrow.

Objective: Aim: To identify legal issues in protecting children's rights to palliative care in Ukraine, to propose basic guarantees of their rights, and to note trends in foreign practice.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study is based on its theoretical and empirical basis, the system of methods of scientific knowledge. The theoretical basis includes scientific articles, expert analysis of legislation and international organizations.

Results: Results: The implementation of children's right to palliative care can be classified as universal and special. In the implementation of this right, children often face inadequate representation of their interests and shortcomings in the provision of medical services to them. As a result, the right of children to quality medical care when receiving palliative care, the right of children to receive palliative care at home, the right of the child to consent to receiving palliative care, the right of children to confidentiality and protection of personal data when receiving palliative care, and the right of children to privacy in this area are violated.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Accessibility of children's rights to palliative medical care is an important aspect of ensuring the implementation of one of the fundamental, inalienable human rights to life and health as the highest social values.