Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

Objective: Aim: To identify legal issues in protecting children's rights to palliative care in Ukraine, to propose basic guarantees of their rights, and to note trends in foreign practice.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study is based on its theoretical and empirical basis, the system of methods of scientific knowledge. The theoretical basis includes scientific articles, expert analysis of legislation and international organizations.

Results: Results: The implementation of children's right to palliative care can be classified as universal and special. In the implementation of this right, children often face inadequate representation of their interests and shortcomings in the provision of medical services to them. As a result, the right of children to quality medical care when receiving palliative care, the right of children to receive palliative care at home, the right of the child to consent to receiving palliative care, the right of children to confidentiality and protection of personal data when receiving palliative care, and the right of children to privacy in this area are violated.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Accessibility of children's rights to palliative medical care is an important aspect of ensuring the implementation of one of the fundamental, inalienable human rights to life and health as the highest social values.

Objective: Aim: To determine the structural reorganization of the pancreas at late stages after experimental MSG exposure.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 20 sexually mature male rats. The experimental group received MSG orally at 70 mg/kg of body weight daily for 8 weeks. The control group was fed a standard diet without MSG. Decapitation was performed at week 18. Pancreatic tissues were collected for histological analysis and processed by standard methods.

Results: Results: Ten weeks after MSG withdrawal, atrophic areas were detected in the exocrine parenchyma. Acini and pancreatocytes decreased in size. In the ductal epithelium, dystrophic and destructive changes were observed, including cytoplasmic metachromasia, nuclear pyknosis, eccentric localization, and karyorrhexis. Periductal sclerosis and pancreatic lipomatosis were recorded. Vascular walls were thickened and homogeneous due to edema and mucoid swelling. Capillaries were plethoric with stasis and occasional perivascular hemorrhages.

Conclusion: Conclusions: At late stages after MSG exposure, marked alterations in pancreatic structure were revealed. Irreversible atrophic changes of exocrinocytes led to dysfunction of the gland, indicating the toxic effect of monosodium glutamate.

Objective: Aim: The purpose of the study was to provide a comprehensive medical and social justification for the feasibility and necessity of timely detection of pathology, taking into account existing risk factors, barriers to access to health care services, and the potential for public influence to increase participation in screening.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The following research methods were used in the study: sociological; systematic approach and analysis; monitoring and evaluation of indicators of the model implementation process; expert assessments. The focus is on the aspects of early detection and prevention of visual forms of cervical cancer. Women's health indicators - incidence, prevalence and mortality from cervical cancer - are studied. Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, and the Department of Health of the Poltava Region for 2010-2021. Legislative acts and regulatory documents governing the organization of medical, physical, psychological, and social assistance to women with cervical cancer in Ukraine. Results of a sociological survey - 140 questionnaires.

Results: Results: The functional and organizational model of early detection and prevention of visual forms of cervical cancer is proposed, which allows a woman to undergo a preventive examination in two ways: through non-admission to work or voluntarily, when a woman becomes a subject of her own health, and her husband and relatives can support her on the way to the doctor.

Conclusion: Conclusions: In the proposed model of early detection and prevention of cervical cancer, a woman is seen as an element of the ecosystem, which makes it possible to involve her family and friends in preventive examinations and provide support.

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encounter significant obstacles when attempting to access dental care services. These obstacles are a result of their unique health requirements, behavioral challenges, and communication impairments. The primary challenges encompass a reliance on caregivers, challenges with adhering to proper oral hygiene practices, selective eating habits that contribute to dental caries, and an impaired capacity to communicate pain and health requirements. Furthermore, dental clinics frequently lack the capacity to accommodate individuals with ASD, exacerbating their stress during visits. A further salient issue pertains to the dearth of adequate staff training to address the needs of patients necessitating specialized care. The objective of this paper is to analyze these barriers and propose solutions that can increase the accessibility and quality of dental care for individuals with ASD, thereby improving their comfort and oral health.

Objective: Aim: This study aimed to investigate changes in carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of rats under light and dark deprivation and evaluate the effects of melatonin treatment.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Photoperiodic changes were simulated over two weeks: the natural equinox (March 16-29); the artificial equinox (12:12 light-dark cycle, 500 lux); constant light (24 hours, 500 lux) for dark deprivation; and constant dark (24 hours, 0-0.5 lux) for light deprivation. Forty-eight rats were divided into control and melatonin-treated groups (5 mg/kg daily for 14 days). Enzyme activities and glycogen content in the liver were measured using standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test.

Results: Results: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased by 18% under constant light but increased by 35% under constant dark compared to the equinox. Pyruvate kinase activity decreased by 17%, while glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased by 9% and 20%, respectively, under constant light. Constant dark and melatonin treatment reduced glucose levels by 26% across all conditions, activated aerobic pathways, and increased glycogen content by 13% compared to the equinox.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Melatonin treatment improved carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of rats under light and dark deprivation, suggesting its role in metabolic adaptation to altered photoperiods.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of functional training implementation for improving the physical working capacity of high school students in physical education.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research, which was conducted in 2024-2025, involved 176 high school students aged 16, of whom the experimental (EG) and the control (CG) groups were formed. Functional training was introduced into the physical education classes of the EG, while the CG high school students studied according to the existing program. The following indices were used to assess high school students' physical working capacity: Rufier index, Kerdo vegetative index, circulatory efficiency coefficient, Stange and Genchi tests.

Results: Results: During the research period the EG revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05-0.001) improvement in the Rufier index by 0.8 c. u. in boys and by 0.6 c. u. in girls, the Kerdo index - by 0.8 c. u. in boys and by 0.9 c. u. in girls, circulatory efficiency coefficient - by 175.8 c. u. in boys and 189.3 c. u. in girls, the Stange test - by 6.7 seconds in boys and 5.8 seconds in girls, the Genchi test - by 4.3 seconds in boys and 3.9 seconds in girls. At the end of the experiment, the EG high school students had all studied indicators significantly better than the CG's.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The results of the conducted experiment prove the effectiveness of functional training implementation in physical education of high school students to improve their physical working capacity.

Objective: Aim: To increase the efficiency of diagnosing diseases of the temporomandibular joint by assessing a set of condylographic indicators and developing prognostic algorithms for the course and an optimized program of dental care for patients.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A clinical retrospective cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with the participation of 470 patients with temporoman-dibular joint pathology aged 18-76 (33 ± 12.9) years. The comprehensive examination included palpation of the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint, condylography, computed tomography, teleradiography, occlusiography, analysis of mandibular mobility, modeling of the jaws in the articulator, as well as logical and statistical data processing using standard methods (p<0.05).

Results: Results: The analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients with temporomandibular joint diseases allowed us to develop mathematical prognostic models and propose an examination program that takes into account the specifics of the development and course of the pathology. The algorithms for predicting the course of temporomandibular joint diseases based on complex clinical, condylographic and articulation methods were substantiated, which allowed to improve the dental care of patients.

Conclusion: Conclusions: A modified program for diagnosing patients with the use of mathematical modeling (Wald's method of sequential analysis) was proposed to assess the probability of progression of temporomandibular joint diseases. Further research will focus on expanding the primary data base, improving mathematical models, testing individualized prognostic algorithms and evaluating their clinical effectiveness.

The tendon rupture was caused by the protruded distal edge of the palmar plate inserted for fixation of the distal radial fracture 2 years earlier. The patient was a 28-year-old patient who had stopped bending the distal phalanx of his right thumb 2 months prior to the presentation. Performance of anaesthesia and operation is presented in details. The operation went smoothly, bleeding was minimal despite the relatively extensive wound, and the patient felt only little pain at the end of the operation.

Objective: Aim: To conduct a comparative analysis of the motor activity regimen and daily energy expenditure of cadets and employees in police investigative units.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research involved cadets of the 1st-4th training years (n = 86) and employees of police investigative units (n = 64). To establish the levels of motor activity and daily energy expenditure of cadets and employees in police investigative units, the Framingham method was used based on the registration of activities during the day.

Results: Results: A significant difference in cadets' motor activity index and daily energy expenditure during their educational activities and police investigators during their service activities (p < 0.001) was found. It was found that during the day, the cadets consumed 2658.8 ± 39.6 kcal in the process of their educational activities with their motor activity index at 34.43 ± 0.32 points. The employees showed 2412.4 ± 35.1 kcal of daily energy expenditure with their motor activity index at 31.18 ± 0.29 points.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The results obtained are due to the specifics of the educational activities of cadets and the peculiarities of the service activities of police inves-tigators, which are determined by an extended stay in a forced position and a low level of physical activity. The results of the conducted research should be taken into account when organizing the physical training of police investigators in the course of their service activities.

Objective: Aim: Investigate the effectiveness of micellar foam containing tea tree oil and Roman chamomile oil in preoperative eyelid sanitation in patients with blepharitis.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study involved 37 patients with blepharitis, aged 28-62. Patients were split into two groups: 22 who used micellar foam preoperatively and 15 who did not. Diagnoses included chronic, seborrheic, and demodicosis blepharitis. Symptoms and signs were monitored over a ten-day treatment period, showing varied responses to micellar foam.

Results: Results: The study showed a significant improvement in blepharitis symptoms with the use of foam containing tea tree and Roman chamomile oils. Patients reported reduced dryness, scaling, hyperemia, and itching. Microscopic examination showed disappearance of scales and couplings, and reduced hyperemia. Bacterial contamination decreased significantly, with good tolerance to the treatment.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Recent literature and our study indicate that women predominantly suffer from blepharitis, possibly due to their higher medical service utilization. Most cases were mild to moderate, with multifactorial causes and bacterial influence. Eight patients (36.4%) had non-bacterial blepharitis. Understanding blepharitis epidemiology helps in pathogenetically targeted treatment. The innovative micellar foam with tea tree oil and chamomile shows positive results and reduces antibiotic resistance risks.