Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

Objective: Aim: To creation the first Ukrainian burnout syndrome diagnostic scale and confirm the quality of its psychometric characteristics.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a newly developed questionnaire administered to 1,405 academic staff members of higher educational institutions in Ukraine. Test validation was carried out using exploratory factor analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Ferguson's δ coefficient, Cronbach's α coefficient, Guttman's split-half coefficient, and the Spearman-Brown equivalent forms coefficient.

Results: Results: The criterion validity was assessed through factor analysis, yielding 10 factors. Consequently, the initial version of the questionnaire was reduced by 10 items with the lowest factor loadings. The final version consists of 50 items with a dichotomous response scale. The discriminatory power of the questionnaire, evaluated using Ferguson's δ coefficient, was found to be extremely high (δ-Ferguson = 0.988). Consistency indices also demonstrated high reliability: α-Cronbach = 0.877; Guttman split-half = 0.848; Equal-length Spearman-Brown = 0.857. The concurrent reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Spearman's correlation analysis, showing statistically significant positive correlations of most questionnaire items with the overall test score (≥ 0.419; p ≤ 3.29E-15).

Conclusion: Conclusions: The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using the first Ukrainian "Questionnaire for Identifying Burnout Syndrome" (© Chaban O.S., 2025) in practical psychology, medicine, and burnout research.

Objective: Aim: This study examines the impact of different fertiliser types - phosphate, nitrogen, and potash -and pesticide use on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with digestive system diseases in European countries. It focuses on pancreatitis, upper digestive system disorders, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including cirrhosis.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Using a balanced panel dataset covering 39 European countries from 2006 to 2021, the study incorporates data from the Global Burden of Disease database (DALYs), the Food and Agriculture Organization (fertiliser and pesticide use), and the World Bank (trade indicators). A fixed-effects regression model was applied to assess the influence of agricultural chemical use and trade dynamics on DALYs.

Results: Results: Pesticide use per hectare was significantly associated with higher DALYs for NAFLD, indicating substantial health risks. Nitrogen fertiliser use showed a protective effect against DALYs for upper digestive diseases and pancreatitis. In contrast, excessive potash application was linked to increased DALYs for pancreatitis. The effects of phosphate use varied by disease type. Trade-related interaction terms demonstrated complex and sometimes amplifying effects on health outcomes.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Agricultural inputs have both beneficial and adverse health implications. While essential for productivity, their misuse can contribute to chronic disease burdens. The findings highlight the importance of sustainable farming practices and regulatory oversight. Integrating health metrics such as DALYs into agricultural and environmental policy could improve public health outcomes across Europe.

Objective: Aim: To assess the level of awareness of primary health care physicians regarding the problem of antimicrobial resistance and identify the main obstacles to the rational use of antibiotics in practice.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A sociological survey was conducted among primary health care physicians using a specially designed questionnaire containing questions on knowledge, antibiotic prescribing practices, and ways to address the problem of antimicrobial resistance. The survey was conducted in January 2025. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the results obtained from 221 respondents.

Results: Results: Most respondents (about 90%) encountered cases of antimicrobial resistance in their work. The respondents named the following as the main reasons: the use of antibiotics without a prescription (87.8% of respondents), their excessive use (80.1%), and non-compliance by patients with the course of treatment (77.8%). Analysis of the responses shows that respondents sometimes prescribe antibiotics from the watch and reserve groups (53.4% and 29%, respectively), regularly prescribe antibiotics without a prescription (14%), use injectable antibiotics (21% of respondents); 54.3% note that patients often take antibiotics on their own.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The survey results show that antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem in the primary healthcare system. Primary care physicians often do not follow recommendations for selecting and prescribing antibiotics. Effectively solving the problem requires a comprehensive approach, which should include improving antibiotic stewardship, increasing the level of knowledge of medical professionals, and widely informing the population about their proper use.

Objective: Aim: Aim this study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HAI in patients with combat wounds, and determine phenotypic and genotypic aspects of antimicrobial resistance of the responsible pathogens in Ukraine.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A multicenter observational cohort study based on HAIs and antimicrobial resistance surveillance data in Ukraine. Between June 21, 2022 and December 31, 2024, patients (aged 20-74 years) with combat wounds were admitted to civilian hospitals which are located in Kharkiv, Dnipro, Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Odessa, and Kyiv, Ukraine. The criteria for HAIs were adapted from the CDC/NHSN. Antimicrobial susceptibility test used Kirby - Bauer disc diffusion antibiotic test according to the EUCAST.

Results: Results: Among 7,324 patients with combat wound, 5,022 (68.6%) HAIs were observed. The most frequently reported HAI types were surgical site infections (27.3%), bone and joint infections (25.6%), skin and soft tissue infections (15.7%), bloodstream infections (9.7%), central nervous system infections (7.9%), and pneumonia (5.3%). In total, 88.9% isolates from patients with combat wounds were found to be MDROs. A significant number of the MDROs isolated from patients with HAIs had β-lactamase genes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) (53.1%), OXA-type (32.9%), AmpC-type (35.7%), KPC-type (31.8%), and metallo-β-lactamases (51.4%) including IMP-type (18.5%), VIM-type (29.6%), and NDM-1 (34.7%).

Conclusion: Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of HAI in patients with combat wounds caused by MDROs, varying depending on the bacterial species, and antimicrobial group. The majority of MDRO isolates from patients with HAI carried β-lactamase genes.

Objective: Aim: To study carbacetam effect on the mitochondria of hippocampal neurons in rats of different sexes simulating metabolic syndrome.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted on non-linear laboratory albino male and female rats with the body weight of 0,220-0,250 kg. To create the pattern, the rats were kept (60 days) on a high-fat diet (fat enrichment was provided by the addition of solid pork lard) with free access to fructose solution (100 g/L). Carbacetam was injected into the peritoneum in the dose of 5 mg/kg once a day during 14 days.

Results: Results: Simulated metabolic syndrome was found to manifest by a decreased light scattering and an increased relative rate of mitochondrial swelling in the hippocampal mitochondrial fraction; increased free radical lipid and protein oxidation with more marked changes in males. When rats with metabolic syndrome receive carbacetam during 14 days, in their mitochondrial fraction light scattering and relative rate of mitochondrial swelling decrease, both in males and females. The content of products reacting with 2-thiobarbituric acid and protein oxidative modification decrease, and catalase activity in males and females increases, superoxide dismutase activity increases in males only.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Thus, a decreased intensity of mitochondrial swelling and improved condition of the antioxidant system of the hippocampal mitochondria of rats with metabolic syndrome irrespective of their sex is indicative of the effective correction of GABA receptors by means of carbacetam under conditions of the experiment.

Objective: Aim: Our aim was to identify the markers necessary to predict the probability of alveolitis in case of tooth extraction under the conditions of a clinical laboratory and within the workplace of a dental surgeon.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: 160 patients were under our supervision. Since men and women may undergo tooth extractions throughout their lives, we selected adult patients (from 18 to 75 years old) including 100 men and 60 women. The effectiveness of classical methods was studied and compared according to the treatment protocol and drug treatment regimens developed by us based on a range of laboratory and comprehensive clinical studies. Patients in the main group and the comparison group were identical by age, gender, pathology, and the conducted treatment. Patients who required outpatient tooth extraction were regarded as the inclusion criteria for the research. Depending on the treatment, all patients were divided into three groups, randomized by age, gender, and duration of the disease.

Results: Results: According to the results of our research, OHI indicators, which were conducted for 14 days, showed that the average statistical value of OHI constituted (2.01±0.11) points the day after the extraction in Group II in case of scheduled tooth extraction corresponding to indicators of a satisfactory state of hygiene.

Conclusion: Conclusions: 1. The inclusion of pectin-containing medication in the complex of preventive measures is fully justified in relation to the occurrence of inflammatory complications after tooth extractions in modern conditions of a doctor's work at an outpatient clinic. 2. The wound surface of the socket of the extracted tooth should be covered with a bandage. 3. Under the conditions of a clinical laboratory and within a workplace of a dental surgeon, the markers necessary to predict the probability of alveolitis in case of a tooth extraction are the following: clinical indicators of normalization of the oral cavity hygienic state, a significant decrease in the intensity and prevalence of the inflammatory process in the gums, changes in the oral fluid pH towards the alkaline side.

Objective: Aim: To conduct a comparative analysis of stress symptoms in police cadets depending on the year of their academic training and service activities during the war.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research involved 276 male cadets from the 1st to 4th training years. Stress symptoms in the 1st and 2nd training year cadets were assessed before and after their practical training sessions at training grounds, and the 3rd and 4th training year cadets - before and after their internships in police units. Research methods: theoretical analysis of literature sources, psycho-diagnostic methods, statistical methods.

Results: Results: It has been found that the most pronounced manifestation of all stress symptoms was observed in the 1st and 2nd training year cadets, especially after completing the tasks of their academic training and service activities. This is due to insufficient psycho-emotional resilience to the stressful factors of academic training and service activities in junior cadets, inadequate skills in utilizing existing means for stress prevention during task performance under martial law, and a low level of stress resilience. Among the cadets studied, the most significant stress level was observed in the junior training years, both before and after their assignments.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The research shows that there is an urgent need to develop cadets' stress resilience to ensure the effectiveness of their academic training and further service activities in practical police units, as well as to develop skills in the use of available means to prevent stressful phenomena in the process of their academic training and service activities.

Objective: Aim: The aim of our study is a retrospective analysis of modern methods of osteoplasty in dental implantation using various combinations of autogenous and allogeneic grafts.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The selection of publications related to the research topic was carried out in the scientific databases Scopus, PubMed, BVS and Scielo using the following keywords: dental implantation, bone grafting, alveolar bone remodeling, dentin graft, autotransplantation. When searching for publications relevant to the research topic using, it was possible to identify 187 relevant articles. The search depth parameter was 7 years in order to ensure the analysis of the most relevant data related to the research goal. The review included original scientific articles, research results and official recommendations of medical associations, only articles with positive results in the study group. The collected materials were analyzed according to the principles of content analysis with further systematization and classification of data in CADIMA software.

Conclusion: Conclusions: In reconstructive surgery, autogenous bone is still considered the cornerstone in solving the most important tasks in bone grafting. Autografts from the lower jaw are successfully used, in particular, in cases of significant atrophy of bone structures, as they have predictable and reproducible results. Three-dimensional plastic surgery, which consists in transplanting thin cortical blocks in the form of overlays, provides a long-lasting clinical result and is more effective than the use of thick bone blocks.

Objective: Aim: To review the history of nursing education development, its limitations, and the necessity of transitioning to a modern model of continuing professional development (CPD).

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A systematic, focused review of the literature (2010-2025) was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and legislative portals, applying MeSH-compliant terms and a subsequent two-stage filtration process. We included original research, high-quality systematic reviews, meta-analyses, as well as binding legislative and regulatory documents (in English or Ukrainian) that provided empirical data or analytical frameworks regarding nursing education reform, CPD models, or professional competence standards.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The historical model of nursing education, predominantly focused on technical skills and passive learning, no longer meets the modern requirements of the healthcare system, which demands autonomy and critical thinking from nursing professionals. The evolution of the nurse's role, particularly in primary care and emergency settings, necessitates the immediate integration of contemporary educational standards and continuous skill enhancement. CPD is recognised as a key prerequisite for quality nursing practice in the 21st century. Effective CPD should prioritise digital competencies, evidence-based practice, and specialised simulation training. It serves as a fundamental mechanism for maintaining competence, ensuring patient safety, and promoting the professional mobility of nursing personnel through flexibility and rapid knowledge acquisition.

Objective: Aim: This study was performed to investigate the potential nephroprotective effect of Tangeretin on bilateral renal I/R injury in male rats.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Forty male rats were split into four groups of ten (sham, control, DMSO, and Tangeretin). The sham group underwent a median laparotomy under anaesthesia without inducing ischemia/reperfusion; the control group underwent clamping for thirty minutes on the bilateral renal artery, followed by two hours of reperfusion; the vehicle group received DMSO one hour before induction of ischemia; and the Tangeretin group received 5 mg/ kg of Tangeretin one hour before ischemia. Biochemical parameters (KIM1, IL-1β, and TNF-α, F2-isoprostane, GSH, and caspase-3) were measured using an ELISA approach. Furthermore, histological alterations were examined, and the Notch/Jagged1 signalling pathway was assessed using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results: Results: Tangeretin pre-treatment reduced kidney damage molecules (KIM1, IL-1β, and TNF-α, F2-isoprostane, GSH, and caspase-3) while increasing antioxidant indicators and decreasing inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Improving histological outcomes and significantly decreasing Notch1 and Jagged-1 gene expression in kidney tissues during renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Tangeretin has significant nephroprotective advantages in renal IRI by decreasing the Notch pathway and exhibiting anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.