Wiadomosci lekarskie最新文献

Objective: Aim: This study aims to evaluate how various factors affect various aspects of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes who are undergoing metformin treatment.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 150 participants who met specific criteria, including being aged between 30 and 70, having a type 2 diabetes diagnosis, and using 1000 mg of metformin as the monotherapy for at least three months. Collected data encompassed various measures, such as levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose concentrations, fasting serum insulin levels, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin sensitivity.

Results: Results: Our research reveals that when it comes to factors such as several socio-demographic variables, there is no statistically significant difference (p-value ≥ 0.05) between patients who exhibit a positive response to metformin and those who do not. Nevertheless, distinctions were noted in patients' previous history and the duration of their illness, which did influence their treatment response.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Glycemic parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes can be impacted by a range of factors, such as age, gender, and occupation also it's important to note that these outcomes influenced by additional variables like the adherence for medication, and the existence of diabetes-related complications.

Objective: Aim: To evaluate the association between adverse pregnancy outcome, assisted reproductive technology (ART) and a previous diagnosis of endometriosis in Ukraine.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study was based on infertility surveillance data among women reproductive age from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2021 in Ukraine. The patients from 10 Ukrainian regions who achieved singleton pregnancy by ART were included in this study. Linked hospital, pregnancy/birth and mortality data were used. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Results: Results: During study period within the cohort of 11,271 singleton births, 94 women with endometriosis diagnosed before birth delivered 102 infants. Compared with women without endometriosis, women with endometriosis had higher risks of preterm birth [adjusted odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-1.44]. Women with endometriosis had higher risks of antepartal bleeding/placental complications, pre-eclampsia and Caesarean section. There was no association between endometriosis and risk of SGA-birth or stillbirth.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Endometriosis and ART use are both independently associated with increased risk of preterm birth, antepartum haemorrhage, placenta praevia and planned birth. These findings are clinically relevant to obstetricians for distinguishing high- and low-risk pregnancies. Pregnant women with endometriosis require increased antenatal surveillance.

Objective: Aim: To understand how vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (VDR rs2228570) affects blood pressure in Iraqi patients with essential hypertension in Al Diwaniya province.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: This is a single-center observational cross-sectional descriptive study of 90 patients with essential hypertension. Using the PCRTETRA ARM technique, blood samples were genotyped and examined for the polymorphisms of FOKI (rs2228570) gene.

Results: Results: The most frequent allele was A (121, 67%) while the most frequent genotype was AG (55, 61%). There was no statistical difference between the actual and expected frequency distribution, according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The effect of VDR polymorphism rs 2228570 on blood pressure indicates (the mean systolic blood pressure in AA, AG, and GG carrier patients was 149, 150 and 166 respectively, P=0.29. On the other hand, the mean diastolic blood pressure in AA, AG, and GG carrier patients was 89, 89, and 94 respectively P=0.6) there was no statistically significant effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusion: Conclusions: there is no statistically significant effect of VDR rs2228570 on SBP and DBP (p = 0.6), vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism rs2228570 was related to vitamin D level.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the influence of the following prognostic factors: age, parity, hormonal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal), histological result from targeted biopsy (LSIL, HSIL), adequacy of colposcopic examination (satisfactory, unsatisfactory colposcopy), type of TZ (type 1, 2, 3), type of cervical lesions (type 1, 2, 3), the colposcopic impression (diagnosis) of the cervical lesion (LSIL, HSIL/Ca colli uteri in situ), lesion size (up to 1/3; up to 2/3; more than 2/3 of the cervical circumference) for the occurrence of LSIL and HSIL/Ca colli uteri in situ in the final histological result after LLETZ procedure.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study (01.01.2017 - 31.07. 2021) including 189 patients with cervical precancerous lesions received LLETZ treatment One gynaecologic oncologist performed video colposcopy, targeted biopsy, and LLETZ. One histopathologist diagnosed histological specimens from the biopsy and LLETZ procedure.

Results: Results: We found a statistically significant correlation between the histological result of the targeted biopsy factor and the colposcopic diagnosis factor concerning the final histological result of LLETZ. The cervical lesion size factor and cervical lesion type factor have prognostic significance for the histological outcome following LLETZ.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The histological result of targeted biopsy and colposcopic diagnosis are significant factors for the final histological result after LLETZ. Cervical lesion invasion into the endocervical canal is a prognostic factor for HSIL, and its invisible borders - for carcinoma (in situ or microinvasive/invasive). Lesion size up to 1/3 of the cervix is a prognostic factor for LSIL and large lesions (2/3 of the cervix) - for HSIL and cervical cancer (in situ, microinvasive/invasive).

Objective: Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of application of drug with circadian activity (pioglitazone) for treatment of patients with periodontist.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Group I - 18 individuals with healthy periodontium. Group II - 12 participants with stage II, grade B periodontitis treated with a standard treatment protocol. Group III - 12 participants with stage II, grade B periodontitis, treated with a regimen that included the standard protocol along with the administration of pioglitazone prescribed at recommended times of intake. Group IV - 12 participants with stage II, grade B periodontitis treated with the standard protocol and pioglitazone against the recommended intake hours.

Results: Results: The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index in Group I was 0.406±0.034. In Group II, it was 2.5±0.06. In Group III, the hygiene index was 2.633±0.056 and in Group IV it was 2.5±0.059. The Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar Index in Group I was 0.033±0.004. In Group II, it was 0.366±0.011. For Group III, the PMA index was 0.38±0.012 and for Group IV it was 0.378±0.01. The Russell's Periodontal Index in Group I was 0.111±0.008. In Group II, it was 4.668±0.155. For Group III - 4.708±0.132 and for Group IV it was 4.575±0.089. The Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) in Group I was 0.031±0.003, while in Group II, it was 0.266±0.009, in Group III, it was 0.273±0.007 and in Group IV it was 0.278±0.006.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The administration of pioglitazone (the drug with circadian activity) according to its circadian stage indeed has a positive effect on the periodontal status changes of patients with stage II, grade B periodontitis.

Objective: Aim: Analyze the legislation, judicial practice of Ukraine and EU countries, scientific views on surrogacy, as well as the procedure for legal regulation and registration of the procedure of surrogacy.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The following materials were used to write the scientific work: the practice of a number of countries was analyzed; scientific works have been studied; some methods of assisted reproductive technologies are described; the practice of the European Court of Human Rights is analyzed. When conducting the research, a methodology was used that embodies an interdisciplinary approach, which allows for a systematic analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of legal relations arising from the provision of medical services.

Conclusion: Conclusions: At the legislative level, the provision of medical services (surrogate motherhood services) is partially regulated, therefore the basis of the legal relationship between the performers (surrogate mother) and the customers (genetic parents) is the contract concluded and signed by the parties on the provision of surrogate motherhood services. A contract in defined legal relations is a source of law. This contract is bilateral, paid and consensual.

Objective: Aim: To determine the current prevalence of healthcare-associated endometritis after surgical abortion and antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens in Ukraine.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective, multicentre cohort study was based on surveillance data of healthcare-associated endometritis after legal induced surgical abortion. Women who underwent induced surgical abortion at gynecological departments of 16 regional hospitals between 2020 and 2022 are included in the study. Definitions of endometritis were adapted from the CDC/NHSN. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by the disc diffusion test as recommended by EUCAST.

Results: Results: Among 18,328 women who underwent surgical abortion, 5,023 (27.4%) endometritis were observed. Of all post-abortion endometritis cases, 95.3% were detected after hospital discharge. The prevalence of endometritis in different types surgical abortion was: after vacuum aspiration at < 14 weeks, 23.8%, and after dilatation and evacuation at ≥ 14 weeks, 32%. The most responsible pathogens of post-abortion endometritis are Escherichia coli (24.1%), Enterococcus spp. (14.3%), Enterobacter spp. (12,8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.3%), Proteus mirabilis (6.6%), Serratia marcescens (6.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.9%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5.7%). A significant proportion these pathogens developed resistance to several antimicrobials, varying widely depending on the bacterial species, antimicrobial group.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Results this study suggest a high prevalence of endometritis after surgical abortion in Ukraine. A significant proportion of women were affected by endometritis caused by bacteria developed resistance to several antimicrobials. Optimizing the antibiotic prophylaxis may reduce the burden of endometritis after surgical abortion, but prevention is the key element.

Choking episodes in children are a significant public health problem that can lead to serious consequences if not addressed quickly and effectively. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment and prevention are key to ensuring the safety of children. This review article aims to comprehensively examine the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and intervention methods of choking in the pediatric population. The review methods included the analysis of scientif i c publications located in databases such as PubMed and scientif i c journals, including meta-analyses, randomized trials and systematic reviews regarding the scope of the problem of choking in children, excluding case reports. Choking is most often caused by the aspiration of foreign objects such as small toys, food (e.g. grapes, nuts, pieces of meat) and other small objects that children often put into their mouths out of curiosity. Children aged 1 to 4 are particularly vulnerable as they have a natural tendency to explore their surroundings using their mouths. Symptoms of choking may include sudden difficulty breathing, intense coughing, wheezing, cyanosis and loss of consciousness. Quick recognition of symptoms is crucial to prevent serious consequences, such as cerebral hypoxia or cardiac arrest. In diagnostics, it is also important to take a thorough history and use imaging tests, such as X-ray or bronchoscopy, to locate and remove the foreign body. This article seeks to better understand the factors contributing to choking in children and provide the latest evidence-based recommendations for prevention and intervention.

Objective: Aim: To research subjective perceptions in additive color mixing.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: 79 individuals were surveyed, and they determined the colors they perceived in two photographs. The results of color mixing were determined using statistical analysis, graphical modeling, and Python program figures.

Results: Results: A new color is obtained by additive mixing monochromatic colors. Interestingly, different individuals perceive observed images in different ways. Mixing neighboring colors on the spectrum and those in different produces various visual effects. Distinction was found in the physical mixing of beams with different colors. Visual perception in the presence of two is subjective and is determined by the viewer's greater to one of the colors. Due to additive color mixing, additional parts of objects may appear golden or orange when there is a yellow color in a picture with blue tones. When the background is violet, the sensitivity of the blue cones decreases.

Conclusion: Conclusions: An experiment involving the observation of color photographs established that individuals who perceive orange-violet snow do not perceive the blue color in the dress. The analysis revealed that yellow light activates the green and red cones. In contrast, blue light activates the blue cones in the retina, highlighting the importance of cone activation of color perception. The contrast between yellow and blue can create a visual ef f ect where parts of objects appear more pronounced or have more intense color, demonstrating the brain's processing of contrasting colors. The experiment also indicated a reduction in blue cone sensitivity with a violet background, illustrating chromatic adaptation. Different individuals may perceive colors differently based on background and lighting conditions, underscoring the subjectivity of visual perception. Finally, there is a debate over the dress's color perception. These fi ndings suggest that individuals working on media products can enhance image quality by considering additive color blending and background effects.

Objective: Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the hepatoprotective ef f ect of melatonin against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) induced hepatotoxicity in albino mice.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Adult male mice were divided into four groups: saline, INH-RMP, INH-RMP+MT and MT were administered for 21 days. Biochemical analyses were performed for the determination of ALT, AST. Histopathological changes in the liver and Immunohistochemical assessment to determine the expression of Caspace3 were also examined.

Results: Results: Biochemical analysis revealed signif i cant increases in serum ALT and AST in INH-RMP group. Histopathological fi ndings demonstrated severe liver damage in INH-RMP group as compared with control group. In contrast, treatment of mice with melatonin (MT) markedly mitigated the liver injury. Immunohistochemical fi ndings demonstrated apoptotic marker caspace3 signif i cantly higher in INH-RMP group as compared with control group.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Experimental fi ndings highlight the potential benef i ts of melatonin in this model, prompting speculation on its potential application in human therapy.