Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse the stand-alone operation of the microgrid located in Umoljani, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis was performed for two scenarios; one representing a summer day and the other a winter day. The analysed network was modelled using the DIgSilent PowerFactory. The Photovoltaic (PV) system, Wind Generator (WG) and battery sizing were performed using the HOMER software tool. The load data for the location was obtained from JP Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine. The analysis showed that the network was able to operate in stand-alone mode. Voltage levels were under the voltage limit defined by EN 50160. Line loading was decreased compared to loading in grid-connected mode. As given by the obtained results for the two scenarios, the consumer demand could be satisfied without the inclusion of WG. However, different input data (wind speed data measured on the location) could change the sizing of the production facilities as the results of the optimization calculations in HOMER, which needs to be considered in microgrid configuration.
摘要本文的目的是分析位于乌莫贾尼，波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的微电网的独立运行。对两种情况进行了分析;一个代表夏天，另一个代表冬天。所分析的网络使用DIgSilent PowerFactory建模。光伏(PV)系统、风力发电机(WG)和电池尺寸使用HOMER软件工具进行。该位置的负载数据来自JP Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine。分析表明，该网络能够在独立模式下运行。电压等级低于EN 50160规定的电压限值。与并网模式下的负荷相比，线路负荷减小。从两种场景的所得结果可以看出，消费者的需求可以在不包含WG的情况下得到满足。然而，不同的输入数据(在位置上测量的风速数据)可能会改变生产设施的规模，这是HOMER优化计算的结果，需要在微网配置中考虑。
{"title":"Analysis of Microgrid Operation in Stand-Alone Mode - Sustainable Smart Tourist Village Case Study","authors":"Haris Ahmetović, A. Bosovic, A. Merzic, M. Music","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse the stand-alone operation of the microgrid located in Umoljani, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis was performed for two scenarios; one representing a summer day and the other a winter day. The analysed network was modelled using the DIgSilent PowerFactory. The Photovoltaic (PV) system, Wind Generator (WG) and battery sizing were performed using the HOMER software tool. The load data for the location was obtained from JP Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine. The analysis showed that the network was able to operate in stand-alone mode. Voltage levels were under the voltage limit defined by EN 50160. Line loading was decreased compared to loading in grid-connected mode. As given by the obtained results for the two scenarios, the consumer demand could be satisfied without the inclusion of WG. However, different input data (wind speed data measured on the location) could change the sizing of the production facilities as the results of the optimization calculations in HOMER, which needs to be considered in microgrid configuration.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129593304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article gives an overview of the applications of algebraic topology methods in signal processing. We explain how the notions and invariants such as (co)chain complexes and (co)homology of simplicial complexes can be used to gain insight into higher-order interactions of signals. The discussion begins with some basic ideas in classical circuits, continues with signals over graphs and simplicial complexes, and culminates with an overview of sheaf theory and the connections between sheaf cohomology and signal processing.
{"title":"Topological Methods in Signal Processing","authors":"Ismar Volic","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article gives an overview of the applications of algebraic topology methods in signal processing. We explain how the notions and invariants such as (co)chain complexes and (co)homology of simplicial complexes can be used to gain insight into higher-order interactions of signals. The discussion begins with some basic ideas in classical circuits, continues with signals over graphs and simplicial complexes, and culminates with an overview of sheaf theory and the connections between sheaf cohomology and signal processing.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124397131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper summarises and describes the most commonly used matrix factorisation methods applied in design of the Kalman filter in order to improve computational efficiency and avoid divergence issues caused by numerical round-off and truncation errors. Some forms of the Kalman filter are more prone to the growth of numerical error sand possible divergence than other implementations. In order to prevent the algorithm’s divergence additional processing is needed and this paper discusses pros and cons of different implementations and their numerical characteristics. Numerical issues still arise in finite word length implementations of algorithms, which frequently occur in embedded systems. This paper describes algorithms based on different factorisations such as Cholesky, U-D, SVD and their basic numerical properties.
{"title":"Overview of Factorisation Methods in Kalman Filtering","authors":"Asim Vodenčarević","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper summarises and describes the most commonly used matrix factorisation methods applied in design of the Kalman filter in order to improve computational efficiency and avoid divergence issues caused by numerical round-off and truncation errors. Some forms of the Kalman filter are more prone to the growth of numerical error sand possible divergence than other implementations. In order to prevent the algorithm’s divergence additional processing is needed and this paper discusses pros and cons of different implementations and their numerical characteristics. Numerical issues still arise in finite word length implementations of algorithms, which frequently occur in embedded systems. This paper describes algorithms based on different factorisations such as Cholesky, U-D, SVD and their basic numerical properties.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116982760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper analyses and compares the conventional lightning protection systems proposed in IEC 62305 to the lightning protection systems based on the application of early streamer emission lightning rods proposed in NF C 17-102. Comparison between the two approaches to the lightning protection of structures was presented, both from a technical and economic point of view. Some inconsistencies in the conventional air termination system design methods are pointed out. The critical attitude of the scientific community regarding the declared protection characteristics of the early streamer emission lightning rods is discussed.
摘要本文分析比较了IEC 62305中提出的传统防雷系统与NF C 17-102中提出的基于早期流光发射避雷针应用的防雷系统。从技术和经济的角度对两种结构防雷方法进行了比较。指出了传统空端系统设计方法的不一致性。讨论了科学界对早期流光发射避雷针防护特性的批评态度。
{"title":"Early Streamer Emission Vs Conventional Lightning Protection Systems","authors":"Mladen S. Banjanin, Svetozar Banjanin","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyses and compares the conventional lightning protection systems proposed in IEC 62305 to the lightning protection systems based on the application of early streamer emission lightning rods proposed in NF C 17-102. Comparison between the two approaches to the lightning protection of structures was presented, both from a technical and economic point of view. Some inconsistencies in the conventional air termination system design methods are pointed out. The critical attitude of the scientific community regarding the declared protection characteristics of the early streamer emission lightning rods is discussed.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116934872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In order to improve performance of closed loop control and achieve highly accurate reference trajectory tracking, motion controllers have to utilize the advanced control and system state estimation algorithms. Classical PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller includes calculation of derivation of a process value in order to achieve system desired performance of a system. This paper presents Kalman filter as an optimal estimation algorithm on the model of a hydraulic actuator which is equally applicable to any other application that involves calculating derivations of noisy measurements. Alternative form of Kalman filter, suitable for implementation on a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) or any other embedded system is also presented.
{"title":"Control of Position, Velocity and Acceleration of Actuators Using Optimal State Estimation","authors":"Asim Vodenčarević","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to improve performance of closed loop control and achieve highly accurate reference trajectory tracking, motion controllers have to utilize the advanced control and system state estimation algorithms. Classical PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller includes calculation of derivation of a process value in order to achieve system desired performance of a system. This paper presents Kalman filter as an optimal estimation algorithm on the model of a hydraulic actuator which is equally applicable to any other application that involves calculating derivations of noisy measurements. Alternative form of Kalman filter, suitable for implementation on a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) or any other embedded system is also presented.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129106050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miloš Milovanović, Jordan Radosavljević, Bojan Perović
Abstract This paper presents a new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm based on the Phasor Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) for optimal allocation of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems with non-linear loads. Performance of the algorithm is evaluated on the IEEE 69-bus system with the aim of reducing power losses, as well as improving voltage profile and power quality. Results, obtained using the proposed algorithm, are compared with those obtained using the original PSO, PPSO, GSA and PSOGSA algorithms. It is found that the proposed algorithm has better performance in terms of convergence speed and finding the best solutions.
{"title":"Optimal Distributed Generation Allocation in Distribution Systems with Non-Linear Loads Using a New Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Algorithm","authors":"Miloš Milovanović, Jordan Radosavljević, Bojan Perović","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm based on the Phasor Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) for optimal allocation of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems with non-linear loads. Performance of the algorithm is evaluated on the IEEE 69-bus system with the aim of reducing power losses, as well as improving voltage profile and power quality. Results, obtained using the proposed algorithm, are compared with those obtained using the original PSO, PPSO, GSA and PSOGSA algorithms. It is found that the proposed algorithm has better performance in terms of convergence speed and finding the best solutions.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125620418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper will present an approach for reconstruction of street lighting system regarding energy efficiency. Today, most street lighting systems are based on gas discharge lamps. LED lighting is energy efficiency lighting, which consumes less energy than lighting based on gas discharge lamps but, initial investment is still high. Methodology described in this paper includes analysis of the existing street lighting and gives guidelines for selection of equivalent LED lighting instead of the non-efficient existing one. Methodology includes economic evaluation of investment and saving ratio. This approach shortens calculation time, especially luminance calculations, due to lighting classification (on streets and areas) in clusters. This approach is especially appropriate for great systems of street lighting (city areas, cities and so on.).
{"title":"One Approach in Street Lighting System Reconstruction Regarding Energy Efficiency","authors":"I. Ramljak, D. Bago","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper will present an approach for reconstruction of street lighting system regarding energy efficiency. Today, most street lighting systems are based on gas discharge lamps. LED lighting is energy efficiency lighting, which consumes less energy than lighting based on gas discharge lamps but, initial investment is still high. Methodology described in this paper includes analysis of the existing street lighting and gives guidelines for selection of equivalent LED lighting instead of the non-efficient existing one. Methodology includes economic evaluation of investment and saving ratio. This approach shortens calculation time, especially luminance calculations, due to lighting classification (on streets and areas) in clusters. This approach is especially appropriate for great systems of street lighting (city areas, cities and so on.).","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131758474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The magnitude-based Fourier descriptors (FD) are frequently used in shape-based image retrieval, due to their efficiency and effectiveness. Unlike the phase-preserving Fourier descriptors, the magnitude-based Fourier descriptors are inherently invariant under rotation and starting point change, but they discard all valuable information contained in the phase of the Fourier coefficients (FCs). In order to preserve the coefficients’ phase, the orientation and starting point of the shape must be determined. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of different state-of-the-art methods for determining nominal shape orientation, which can be used to extract phase-preserving Fourier descriptors: the point of maximal radius, the axis of least inertia (moments), the phase of the first harmonic, the cross-correlation, the Procrustes distance and the pseudomirror points. The methods were compared in terms of sensitivity to non-rigid transformations, retrieval performance, computational complexity and computational time. The experimental results give insight into the pros and cons of all analyzed methods.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Study of Shape Orientation Methods for Extraction of Phase-Preserving Fourier Descriptors","authors":"E. Sokic, A. Salihbegovic, S. Konjicija","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The magnitude-based Fourier descriptors (FD) are frequently used in shape-based image retrieval, due to their efficiency and effectiveness. Unlike the phase-preserving Fourier descriptors, the magnitude-based Fourier descriptors are inherently invariant under rotation and starting point change, but they discard all valuable information contained in the phase of the Fourier coefficients (FCs). In order to preserve the coefficients’ phase, the orientation and starting point of the shape must be determined. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of different state-of-the-art methods for determining nominal shape orientation, which can be used to extract phase-preserving Fourier descriptors: the point of maximal radius, the axis of least inertia (moments), the phase of the first harmonic, the cross-correlation, the Procrustes distance and the pseudomirror points. The methods were compared in terms of sensitivity to non-rigid transformations, retrieval performance, computational complexity and computational time. The experimental results give insight into the pros and cons of all analyzed methods.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129904810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Sokic, M. Muratovic, S. Konjicija, Amer Smajkic, S. Delić
Abstract This paper presents the design and development of a distributed measurement system for measuring pressure in high voltage circuit breakers (HV CB) and other switching apparatuses, during no-load operations. Instead of using traditional pressure transducers which require significant installation space, additional data acquisition cards and often demand for complex wiring, an in-house solution of pressure measurement is proposed. The system consists of miniature sensors, accompanied with a suitable amplifier, microcontroller unit and communication module, which may be distributed inside the interrupter unit in convenient locations. Due to the fact that the measurement values are transmitted digitally, measurement noise is significantly reduced while the wiring of the system is additionally simplified. The proposed measurement system is tested using two different interrupters (HV CB and a load break switch). The experimental results have demonstrated that the developed system is applicable, accurate, cost-effective, flexible and simple to use.
{"title":"Design, Development and Implementation of a Distributed Measurement System for No-Load Pressure Measurement in High Voltage Circuit Breakers","authors":"E. Sokic, M. Muratovic, S. Konjicija, Amer Smajkic, S. Delić","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the design and development of a distributed measurement system for measuring pressure in high voltage circuit breakers (HV CB) and other switching apparatuses, during no-load operations. Instead of using traditional pressure transducers which require significant installation space, additional data acquisition cards and often demand for complex wiring, an in-house solution of pressure measurement is proposed. The system consists of miniature sensors, accompanied with a suitable amplifier, microcontroller unit and communication module, which may be distributed inside the interrupter unit in convenient locations. Due to the fact that the measurement values are transmitted digitally, measurement noise is significantly reduced while the wiring of the system is additionally simplified. The proposed measurement system is tested using two different interrupters (HV CB and a load break switch). The experimental results have demonstrated that the developed system is applicable, accurate, cost-effective, flexible and simple to use.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131265409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the location of the SVC installation on the amount of power losses in the power system. The IEEE modified system with 3 wind turbines and 24 nodes was used as the test system. For the purpose of discovering the optimal location of the SVC device, GAMS programme was used. Comparing the results for losses before and after setting SVC to the optimum position in order to minimize losses, it was concluded that the position and power of the SVC device greatly influence the amount of losses in the system.
{"title":"Impact of Static Var Compensator (SVC) Devices on Power System Losses","authors":"Katarina Kecojević, Ognjen Lukačević, M. Ćalasan","doi":"10.2478/bhee-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the location of the SVC installation on the amount of power losses in the power system. The IEEE modified system with 3 wind turbines and 24 nodes was used as the test system. For the purpose of discovering the optimal location of the SVC device, GAMS programme was used. Comparing the results for losses before and after setting SVC to the optimum position in order to minimize losses, it was concluded that the position and power of the SVC device greatly influence the amount of losses in the system.","PeriodicalId":236883,"journal":{"name":"B&H Electrical Engineering","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132043343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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