This study evaluated the impact of agricultural transformation agenda support Programme phase-1 in promoting agricultural extension service delivery in Kebbi and Sokoto states, Nigeria. A Multi stage sampling technique was employed to draw a sample of 480 respondents from sokoto and kebbi states comprising seven Local Government Areas (LGAs) in kebbi and one LGA in sokoto state, respectively. A set of structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from the respondents. Descriptive statistics and Logit regression analysis were used for data analysis. The result of the study showed that majority (87.5%) and (86.3%) for both participating and non-participating respondents were male while (12.5%) of the participating and (13.8%) of the non-participating farmers were females respectively. The research study also found out that Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Programme Phase-1 (ATASP-1) provided agro-inputs to farmers such as improved varieties of seeds (95.8%), fertilizers (49.6%), Agro-chemicals (33.3%). It was found out that ATASP-1 constructed different kinds of infrastructural facilities such as market stalls (17.5%), dispensaries (12.5%), primary school classrooms (27.5%), overhead tanks (12.9%) etc to benefiting communities. The study further revealed that (87.5%), (96.7%) and (1.3%) respondents benefited from value addition techniques, capacity building and farmer training respectively. Logit regression analysis showed that the coefficient of age (0.028) positively and significantly enhanced adoption of ATASP-1. Similarly, the estimated coefficient of t-value of educational level (0.301), Household size (0.011) and farming experience (0.023) significantly influenced the adoption of ATASP-1 innovations. It is concluded that ATASP-1 impacted positively on the livelihood of the participating farmers. It is recommended that provision of extension services to farmers in groups should be encouraged due to scarcity of Agricultural Extension Agents (AEAS), provision of more improved inputs like seeds of various crops, fertilizers and agro chemicals etc, provision of extension services through non-visits such as radio and television programmes should be intensified by ATASP-1, organizing refresher courses and in-service training for extension staff to equip them with modern skills to effectively disseminate improved agricultural technology to farmers. Timely/prompt supply of funds for by Government for effective implementation of the programme.
{"title":"Impact of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Programme Phase-1 in Promoting Agricultural Extension Service Delivery in Kebbi and Sokoto States, Nigeria","authors":"Y. J. Alhassan, S. Umar, G. Ayuba","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the impact of agricultural transformation agenda support Programme phase-1 in promoting agricultural extension service delivery in Kebbi and Sokoto states, Nigeria. A Multi stage sampling technique was employed to draw a sample of 480 respondents from sokoto and kebbi states comprising seven Local Government Areas (LGAs) in kebbi and one LGA in sokoto state, respectively. A set of structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from the respondents. Descriptive statistics and Logit regression analysis were used for data analysis. The result of the study showed that majority (87.5%) and (86.3%) for both participating and non-participating respondents were male while (12.5%) of the participating and (13.8%) of the non-participating farmers were females respectively. The research study also found out that Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Programme Phase-1 (ATASP-1) provided agro-inputs to farmers such as improved varieties of seeds (95.8%), fertilizers (49.6%), Agro-chemicals (33.3%). It was found out that ATASP-1 constructed different kinds of infrastructural facilities such as market stalls (17.5%), dispensaries (12.5%), primary school classrooms (27.5%), overhead tanks (12.9%) etc to benefiting communities. The study further revealed that (87.5%), (96.7%) and (1.3%) respondents benefited from value addition techniques, capacity building and farmer training respectively. Logit regression analysis showed that the coefficient of age (0.028) positively and significantly enhanced adoption of ATASP-1. Similarly, the estimated coefficient of t-value of educational level (0.301), Household size (0.011) and farming experience (0.023) significantly influenced the adoption of ATASP-1 innovations. It is concluded that ATASP-1 impacted positively on the livelihood of the participating farmers. It is recommended that provision of extension services to farmers in groups should be encouraged due to scarcity of Agricultural Extension Agents (AEAS), provision of more improved inputs like seeds of various crops, fertilizers and agro chemicals etc, provision of extension services through non-visits such as radio and television programmes should be intensified by ATASP-1, organizing refresher courses and in-service training for extension staff to equip them with modern skills to effectively disseminate improved agricultural technology to farmers. Timely/prompt supply of funds for by Government for effective implementation of the programme.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88405201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Brou, K. Adjoumani, S. M. Yao, K. G. Koffi, Beket Séverin Bonny, R. Sié
In order to suggest breeding strategies to improve Citrullus mucosospermus (Fursa), 4 × 4 complete diallel cross design involving Bebu, Wlewle small seeds 1 (Wss1), Wlewle small seeds 2 (Wss2) and Wlewle small seeds 3 (Wss3) genotypes was used to assess combining ability and gene actions involved in the inheritance of six seed traits. The F1 direct and reciprocal crosses plus the parental inbred lines coming from these cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated the existence of genetic variation between parental lines for all investigated seed traits. Combining ability analysis exhibited the involvement of both additive and non-additive types of gene actions in the expression of all studied traits, suggesting, doing the selection in C. mucosospermus heterogeneous populations for improving these seed traits. Non-additive gene actions were predominant in the inheritance of investigated traits indicating the possibility of the heterosis exploitation or the postponement of selection to later generations for improving genetically these traits. Bebu appeared the best general combiner for Mass of fresh seed, Mass of dry seed, Mass of 100 seeds, seed length and seed width while, Wss1 and Wss2 are the best combiners for percentage of seed integuments. Therefore, parental lines Bebu, Wss1, Wss2 and crosses with high significant specific combining ability effects are proposed for their incorporation in C. mucosospermus breeding programs. The presence of both GCA and SCA effects suggests the use of recurrent reciprocal selection to improve C. mucosospermus seed traits.
{"title":"Gene Actions and Combining Ability Analysis for Some Seed Characters in Citrullus Mucosospermus (Fursa)","authors":"K. Brou, K. Adjoumani, S. M. Yao, K. G. Koffi, Beket Séverin Bonny, R. Sié","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"In order to suggest breeding strategies to improve Citrullus mucosospermus (Fursa), 4 × 4 complete diallel cross design involving Bebu, Wlewle small seeds 1 (Wss1), Wlewle small seeds 2 (Wss2) and Wlewle small seeds 3 (Wss3) genotypes was used to assess combining ability and gene actions involved in the inheritance of six seed traits. The F1 direct and reciprocal crosses plus the parental inbred lines coming from these cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated the existence of genetic variation between parental lines for all investigated seed traits. Combining ability analysis exhibited the involvement of both additive and non-additive types of gene actions in the expression of all studied traits, suggesting, doing the selection in C. mucosospermus heterogeneous populations for improving these seed traits. Non-additive gene actions were predominant in the inheritance of investigated traits indicating the possibility of the heterosis exploitation or the postponement of selection to later generations for improving genetically these traits. Bebu appeared the best general combiner for Mass of fresh seed, Mass of dry seed, Mass of 100 seeds, seed length and seed width while, Wss1 and Wss2 are the best combiners for percentage of seed integuments. Therefore, parental lines Bebu, Wss1, Wss2 and crosses with high significant specific combining ability effects are proposed for their incorporation in C. mucosospermus breeding programs. The presence of both GCA and SCA effects suggests the use of recurrent reciprocal selection to improve C. mucosospermus seed traits.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77298914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determination of yield stability is critical in identifying new common bean cultivars with either specific or broad adaptation in target environments. This study aimed to assess genotype by environment (G x E) effects on agronomic performance of 78 F1.7 lines selected with molecular markers for multiple disease resistance from 16 inter-racial bean populations. Field trials were conducted in low-, medium- and high altitude conditions in Kenya. Data collected on seed yield were subjected to additive main-effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model to separate additive variance from the G x E interaction and to determine the stability of genotypes across locations. Results showed that G x E effects were highly significant (P<0.001), implying that tested lines behaved differently across the three locations. Better yields were recorded from high altitude Tigoni site while the lowest were from low altitude Mwea site. Yield across sites ranged from 1,518 to 2,748; 1,324 to 3,860; 1,537 to 3,722 and 1,010 to 3,718 kg ha-1 for pinto, red mottled, red kidney and mixed color bean lines, respectively. Number of pods plant-1 was the most strongly correlated to seed yield and could be, therefore, used as an indirect selection criterion for seed yield. The environment was responsible for the largest part of yield variability (86.4%, 84.8%, 82.3% and 49.5% for pinto, red kidney, red mottled and mixed color bean lines, respectively). KMA13-22-21 and KMA13-29-21 were the most stable high yielding lines across locations. Higher yielding lines were the most unstable across sites. Two pinto, four red kidney, 15 red mottled, and two mixed color lines did better than their corresponding checks with yield advantages of 7.6, 14.3, 71.5, and 34.9%, respectively. These lines should, therefore, be selected for further testing and release.
确定产量稳定性对于鉴定具有特定或广泛适应目标环境的普通豆新品种至关重要。本研究利用分子标记从16个不同种间大豆群体中选育78个F1.7系，通过环境(gx E)评价基因型对其农艺性能的影响。在肯尼亚的低、中、高海拔条件下进行了实地试验。种子产量数据采用加性主效应和乘法互作(AMMI)模型，以分离G x E互作的加性方差，并确定基因型在不同地点的稳定性。结果显示，gx E效应非常显著(P<0.001)，这意味着测试品系在三个位置的表现不同。高海拔Tigoni站点的产量较高，而低海拔Mwea站点的产量最低。各站点的产量从1518到2748不等;1324 ~ 3860;斑豆系、红斑豆系、红肾豆系和杂色豆系的产量分别为1537 ~ 3722 kg / h和1010 ~ 3718 kg / h。植株-1的荚果数与种子产量的相关性最强，可作为种子产量的间接选择标准。环境对产量变异的贡献率最大，分别为86.4%、84.8%、82.3%和49.5%(斑豆系、红肾豆系、红斑纹豆系和杂色豆系)。KMA13-22-21和KMA13-29-21是各地点最稳定的高产品系。高产系在各位点最不稳定。2个平色系、4个红肾系、15个红斑纹系和2个杂色系的产量优势分别为7.6%、14.3%、71.5%和34.9%。因此，应该选择这些线路进行进一步的测试和发布。
{"title":"Genotype x Environment Interactions on Seed Yield of Inter-racial Common Bean Lines in Kenya","authors":"Jean M. Mondo, P. M. Kimani, R. Narla","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of yield stability is critical in identifying new common bean cultivars with either specific or broad adaptation in target environments. This study aimed to assess genotype by environment (G x E) effects on agronomic performance of 78 F1.7 lines selected with molecular markers for multiple disease resistance from 16 inter-racial bean populations. Field trials were conducted in low-, medium- and high altitude conditions in Kenya. Data collected on seed yield were subjected to additive main-effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model to separate additive variance from the G x E interaction and to determine the stability of genotypes across locations. Results showed that G x E effects were highly significant (P<0.001), implying that tested lines behaved differently across the three locations. Better yields were recorded from high altitude Tigoni site while the lowest were from low altitude Mwea site. Yield across sites ranged from 1,518 to 2,748; 1,324 to 3,860; 1,537 to 3,722 and 1,010 to 3,718 kg ha-1 for pinto, red mottled, red kidney and mixed color bean lines, respectively. Number of pods plant-1 was the most strongly correlated to seed yield and could be, therefore, used as an indirect selection criterion for seed yield. The environment was responsible for the largest part of yield variability (86.4%, 84.8%, 82.3% and 49.5% for pinto, red kidney, red mottled and mixed color bean lines, respectively). KMA13-22-21 and KMA13-29-21 were the most stable high yielding lines across locations. Higher yielding lines were the most unstable across sites. Two pinto, four red kidney, 15 red mottled, and two mixed color lines did better than their corresponding checks with yield advantages of 7.6, 14.3, 71.5, and 34.9%, respectively. These lines should, therefore, be selected for further testing and release.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79328735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four bacterial isolates selected from among 200 obtained from different source samples were evaluated for plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. These are found to be good for P solubilization, IAA, HCN, siderophore and NH3 production with antifungal activity on phytopathogenic fungi and abiotic stress tolerance. Tomato plant growth was enhanced by these isolates at seed germination (14-19%) and pot culture (increase in biomass 47-76%). These isolates are identified as Bacillus siamensis RS8, Bacillus tequilensis MS3, Bacillus subtilis subsp stercoris MS19 and Bacillus velezensis MS20 having potential for developing as bioinoculants to enhance the tomato plant growth and productivity.
{"title":"Enhancement of Plant Growth in Tomato by Inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus spp","authors":"Kavitha Ramavath, B. Hameeda, G. Reddy","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Four bacterial isolates selected from among 200 obtained from different source samples were evaluated for plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. These are found to be good for P solubilization, IAA, HCN, siderophore and NH3 production with antifungal activity on phytopathogenic fungi and abiotic stress tolerance. Tomato plant growth was enhanced by these isolates at seed germination (14-19%) and pot culture (increase in biomass 47-76%). These isolates are identified as Bacillus siamensis RS8, Bacillus tequilensis MS3, Bacillus subtilis subsp stercoris MS19 and Bacillus velezensis MS20 having potential for developing as bioinoculants to enhance the tomato plant growth and productivity.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81276770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the impact of climate change on a regional scale has been much discussed, the perception of change and the responses this induces at the level of resource-poor smallholder farmers has been less studied, particularly those of female farmers. This study examined challenges faced by a group of Kabuor-Upendo female farmers and the appropriateness of their responses in the context to climate change in a Peri-urban town of Kisumu County in Kenya. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires in Kisumu East Sub-County. According to respondents, climate variability is the dominant factor in their set of perceived challenges. These include inadequate and unreliable rainfall and recurrent drought and flood. Their coping strategies as found in this study include crop diversification, planting of drought tolerant crops and irrigation. These are consistent with government policy on climate smart agriculture practices. Therefore, these proactive actions by smallholder female farmers are also areas identified for intervention at both national and local government level. In view of this, it can be concluded that female farmers’ challenges and responses will be appropriate entry points for policy initiatives in the context of climate variability.
{"title":"Challenges of and Responses to Climate Variability: A Case Study of Peri-urban Female Farmers in Kenya","authors":"E. Odoyo, B. Bett, M. Mwimali, Anne Seda","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"Although the impact of climate change on a regional scale has been much discussed, the perception of change and the responses this induces at the level of resource-poor smallholder farmers has been less studied, particularly those of female farmers. This study examined challenges faced by a group of Kabuor-Upendo female farmers and the appropriateness of their responses in the context to climate change in a Peri-urban town of Kisumu County in Kenya. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires in Kisumu East Sub-County. According to respondents, climate variability is the dominant factor in their set of perceived challenges. These include inadequate and unreliable rainfall and recurrent drought and flood. Their coping strategies as found in this study include crop diversification, planting of drought tolerant crops and irrigation. These are consistent with government policy on climate smart agriculture practices. Therefore, these proactive actions by smallholder female farmers are also areas identified for intervention at both national and local government level. In view of this, it can be concluded that female farmers’ challenges and responses will be appropriate entry points for policy initiatives in the context of climate variability.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79229764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. A. Koffi, Gbakayoro Jean Brice, M. Alassane, B. Kouakou
The aim of this work was to determine the nutritional potentialities of the main traditional dishes of Cote d'Ivoire, starting from experiments in vivo carried out with rats. The selected starchy food dishes were dried and crushed and the sauces were freeze-dried. The biochemical parameters were determined by the AOAC and BIPEA methods. Different coefficients of nutritional efficiency of these dishes and the biometrics of the organs after their consumption have been determined. Results revealed that all the typical Ivorian dishes studied lead to a normal weight gain, ranging between 2.28 and 3.03 g per day. The coefficients of food efficiency, protein efficiency and digestive use are satisfactory with values respectively between 0.31 and 0.41, 0.36 and 0.51, 0.94 and 0.96. All the dishes studied did not train any abnormal changes in the weight of the kidneys, heart, and liver, for normal consumption and over the study period. In conclusion, the typical Ivorian traditional foods are rich in nutrients. Their nutritional coefficients efficiency were satisfactory. The consumption of these dishes is without any direct pathological risk for the noble organs in particular the kidney, the heart and the liver.
{"title":"Nutritional Potentialities of Main Traditional Dishes Regularly Consumed in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"K. A. Koffi, Gbakayoro Jean Brice, M. Alassane, B. Kouakou","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to determine the nutritional potentialities of the main traditional dishes of Cote d'Ivoire, starting from experiments in vivo carried out with rats. The selected starchy food dishes were dried and crushed and the sauces were freeze-dried. The biochemical parameters were determined by the AOAC and BIPEA methods. Different coefficients of nutritional efficiency of these dishes and the biometrics of the organs after their consumption have been determined. Results revealed that all the typical Ivorian dishes studied lead to a normal weight gain, ranging between 2.28 and 3.03 g per day. The coefficients of food efficiency, protein efficiency and digestive use are satisfactory with values respectively between 0.31 and 0.41, 0.36 and 0.51, 0.94 and 0.96. All the dishes studied did not train any abnormal changes in the weight of the kidneys, heart, and liver, for normal consumption and over the study period. In conclusion, the typical Ivorian traditional foods are rich in nutrients. Their nutritional coefficients efficiency were satisfactory. The consumption of these dishes is without any direct pathological risk for the noble organs in particular the kidney, the heart and the liver.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84179098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic, perfumery important, industrial crop widely cultivated in many Asian countries for its distinguished fragrance and other therapeutic purposes.Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of different spacing and fertilizer levels on physical and chemical yield (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in different parts (Leaf, Stem & Root) of Pogostemon heyneanus. Nine treatment combinations consisting of three levels of space (S1-90cm×45cm, S2-90cm×60cm and S3-90cm×90cm) and three levels of fertilizer (F1-Organic, F2-Inorganic and F-3 Control) was used for the field experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The plant height, canopy spread, number of leaves, number of branches, length of branches, number of roots and length of roots were recorded at two weeks intervals. The fresh weight and the dry weight of leaves, stems and toots of uprooted plants were recorded in each month. TPC, TFC and TAC of leaf, stem & root were determined by colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu method, Aluminium Nitrate method and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay respectively. The highest values for all TAC, TPC and TFC (55.5±0.58AB, 11.6±0.25A and 86.1±2.83A) were found in leaves of Pogostemon heyneanus planted in the treatment combination S3F1. The order of increase TPC, TFC and TAC of P. heyneanus was leaf > root > stem.The highest number of leaves, leaf area, leaf fresh weight and dry weight (928±6.2A, 9484±4.9A, 516.2±4.9A and 70.3±0.7A) recorded in the treatment combination S3F1. Therefore, it can suggest to use 90cm×90cm space and organic fertilizer (Compost) for cultivation of P. heyneanus in commercial scale. Presence of higher amount of dry matter content and chemical yield (TPC, TFC and TAC) in the leaves scientifically validate traditional claims of harvesting the leaves and value of leaf for the development of newer effective drugs instead of roots and stem.
{"title":"Effect of Different Spacing and Fertilizer Levels on Physical and Chemical Yield of Different Parts of Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (Lamiaceae)","authors":"R. Rathnayake, R. Dharmadasa, D. Abeysinghe","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic, perfumery important, industrial crop widely cultivated in many Asian countries for its distinguished fragrance and other therapeutic purposes.Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of different spacing and fertilizer levels on physical and chemical yield (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in different parts (Leaf, Stem & Root) of Pogostemon heyneanus. Nine treatment combinations consisting of three levels of space (S1-90cm×45cm, S2-90cm×60cm and S3-90cm×90cm) and three levels of fertilizer (F1-Organic, F2-Inorganic and F-3 Control) was used for the field experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The plant height, canopy spread, number of leaves, number of branches, length of branches, number of roots and length of roots were recorded at two weeks intervals. The fresh weight and the dry weight of leaves, stems and toots of uprooted plants were recorded in each month. TPC, TFC and TAC of leaf, stem & root were determined by colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu method, Aluminium Nitrate method and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay respectively. The highest values for all TAC, TPC and TFC (55.5±0.58AB, 11.6±0.25A and 86.1±2.83A) were found in leaves of Pogostemon heyneanus planted in the treatment combination S3F1. The order of increase TPC, TFC and TAC of P. heyneanus was leaf > root > stem.The highest number of leaves, leaf area, leaf fresh weight and dry weight (928±6.2A, 9484±4.9A, 516.2±4.9A and 70.3±0.7A) recorded in the treatment combination S3F1. Therefore, it can suggest to use 90cm×90cm space and organic fertilizer (Compost) for cultivation of P. heyneanus in commercial scale. Presence of higher amount of dry matter content and chemical yield (TPC, TFC and TAC) in the leaves scientifically validate traditional claims of harvesting the leaves and value of leaf for the development of newer effective drugs instead of roots and stem.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81453586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francis Adarkwah, S. T. Annan, Proper Lumorh Deo-Donne, Anthony Anyamesem-Poku
The study, which was a pot experiment, was carried out to evaluate the effect of depth of planting on growth and flowering of physic nut (Jatropha curcas). It was conducted at the Sinna Garden, Department of Crop Science, University of Ghana. Seeds were planted at different depths of 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm using completely randomized design. Data were collected on leaf number per plant, number of flowers produced per plant, plant height, girth of the stem, canopy size, number of branches per plant, total leaf area, and total plant fresh and dry weight. Growth analysis was performed and correlation among characters also analyzed. Results obtained in the studies revealed that percent emergence deceased with increased depth of planting and significant differences were observed in percent emergence among the different depths of planting. The 2 cm planting depth proved to be the most effective depth to achieve high emergence rate while the 6 cm was the least. Planting depths of 2 cm and 6 cm were the best in terms of growth parameters and flowering production. In all the analyses conducted, it was observed that planting Jatropha curcas seeds at 2 cm and 6 cm depths yielded the highest number of flowers, growth rate, and biomass production. Therefore, the study recommended that in order to ensure faster growth to maximize the benefits from Jatropha curcas in terms of ecosystem services delivery; it is highly recommended that you plant at 2cm and 6 cm.
{"title":"Maximizing Ecosystem Services in Jatropha curcas ; The Appropriate Planting Method","authors":"Francis Adarkwah, S. T. Annan, Proper Lumorh Deo-Donne, Anthony Anyamesem-Poku","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"The study, which was a pot experiment, was carried out to evaluate the effect of depth of planting on growth and flowering of physic nut (Jatropha curcas). It was conducted at the Sinna Garden, Department of Crop Science, University of Ghana. Seeds were planted at different depths of 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm using completely randomized design. Data were collected on leaf number per plant, number of flowers produced per plant, plant height, girth of the stem, canopy size, number of branches per plant, total leaf area, and total plant fresh and dry weight. Growth analysis was performed and correlation among characters also analyzed. Results obtained in the studies revealed that percent emergence deceased with increased depth of planting and significant differences were observed in percent emergence among the different depths of planting. The 2 cm planting depth proved to be the most effective depth to achieve high emergence rate while the 6 cm was the least. Planting depths of 2 cm and 6 cm were the best in terms of growth parameters and flowering production. In all the analyses conducted, it was observed that planting Jatropha curcas seeds at 2 cm and 6 cm depths yielded the highest number of flowers, growth rate, and biomass production. Therefore, the study recommended that in order to ensure faster growth to maximize the benefits from Jatropha curcas in terms of ecosystem services delivery; it is highly recommended that you plant at 2cm and 6 cm.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"36-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88418776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work assesses exposure and health risk of farmers using DDT during Khat production and farmer’s knowledge and perception towards the toxicity of pesticides sprayed on Khat. Personal interviews were completed with a random and purposive sample of 85 farmers, 5 health workers/officers/ and 5 agricultural workers /officers/. The observed study shows there is no any personal protective device (PPD) in the study area at all, most farmers in the study area have no access to technical information on proper use of pesticides. In this study, thus, assessment of possible health risks of using DDT and farmers’ perception towards toxicity of pesticides used on Khat was undertaken. Results of interviews and questionnaires showed that majority of farmers in Chiro Woreda use DDT and other unknown pesticides to grow their Khat and majority of them mix DDT and other pesticides, especially malathion. Most of the farmers are illiterate and could not read and understand instruction on pesticides packages. Most of the interviewed farmers are chewers of Khat and have more than 15 years experience in spraying pesticides on Khat. Local markets, pesticides imported through smuggling, local health and agricultural bureaus were seen to be sources of DDT and other pesticides used on Khat. Most of the farmers have misperception on the toxicity of pesticides used on Khat. The farmers that sprayed Khat have also developed new health symptoms that were not known before the start of using DDT and other pesticides. The main purposes why farmers use pesticides on Khat are to control Khat pests that hinder its normal growth. Farmers that produce Khat with more chemical pesticides, in particular, experience acute adverse effects on the digestive system such as stomach irritation, bulging of belly, loss of appetite, and chronic adverse health effects including mouth dryness, headaches, and other related problems. Farmers also who chew homemade Khat on which they sprayed chemical pesticides by themselves may have the highest possible health hazards. It is concluded that chewing Khat grown with chemical pesticides causes considerable adverse health effects in human beings as well as to consuming animals. However, majority of the farmers believe that advantages of using DDT and other pesticides on Khat overweighed its effects. In general, there is no any satisfactory intervention to tackle these problems. The main objective of this study was to investigate exposure and possible health risks of farmers using DDT and other pesticides on Khat (Catha edulis), and to assesses the knowledge, perception and awareness of farmers towards toxicity of pesticides used during Khat production.
{"title":"Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Farmers to DDT during Khat Production in Chiro Woreda, West Hararghe Zone: Ethiopia","authors":"Abebe Getu Derso, G. Dagnew","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"This research work assesses exposure and health risk of farmers using DDT during Khat production and farmer’s knowledge and perception towards the toxicity of pesticides sprayed on Khat. Personal interviews were completed with a random and purposive sample of 85 farmers, 5 health workers/officers/ and 5 agricultural workers /officers/. The observed study shows there is no any personal protective device (PPD) in the study area at all, most farmers in the study area have no access to technical information on proper use of pesticides. In this study, thus, assessment of possible health risks of using DDT and farmers’ perception towards toxicity of pesticides used on Khat was undertaken. Results of interviews and questionnaires showed that majority of farmers in Chiro Woreda use DDT and other unknown pesticides to grow their Khat and majority of them mix DDT and other pesticides, especially malathion. Most of the farmers are illiterate and could not read and understand instruction on pesticides packages. Most of the interviewed farmers are chewers of Khat and have more than 15 years experience in spraying pesticides on Khat. Local markets, pesticides imported through smuggling, local health and agricultural bureaus were seen to be sources of DDT and other pesticides used on Khat. Most of the farmers have misperception on the toxicity of pesticides used on Khat. The farmers that sprayed Khat have also developed new health symptoms that were not known before the start of using DDT and other pesticides. The main purposes why farmers use pesticides on Khat are to control Khat pests that hinder its normal growth. Farmers that produce Khat with more chemical pesticides, in particular, experience acute adverse effects on the digestive system such as stomach irritation, bulging of belly, loss of appetite, and chronic adverse health effects including mouth dryness, headaches, and other related problems. Farmers also who chew homemade Khat on which they sprayed chemical pesticides by themselves may have the highest possible health hazards. It is concluded that chewing Khat grown with chemical pesticides causes considerable adverse health effects in human beings as well as to consuming animals. However, majority of the farmers believe that advantages of using DDT and other pesticides on Khat overweighed its effects. In general, there is no any satisfactory intervention to tackle these problems. The main objective of this study was to investigate exposure and possible health risks of farmers using DDT and other pesticides on Khat (Catha edulis), and to assesses the knowledge, perception and awareness of farmers towards toxicity of pesticides used during Khat production.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81482565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dona Setia Umbara, L. Sulistyowati, Trisna Insan Noor, I. Setiawan
Future agricultural quality is the result of efforts made by agricultural observers at the present time. An expectation of optimal future agricultural quality is a challenge for observers of agriculture in Saudi Arabia, specifically as a material for thought for agricultural extension workers. The role of agricultural extension agents is the spearhead sharpening the achievement of future agricultural goals. Therefore, the quality of agricultural extension agents becomes the starting point for achieving these objectives. Some of the competencies that must be possessed by agricultural extension workers so that they are worthy of being declared as ideal counselors who are able to view the future as a benchmark for developing agricultural concepts at this time, namely motive, innate competency, self-concept, knowledge and skills. Through the mastery of all these competencies, the agricultural instructor deserves to be declared as the ideal agricultural extension agent as a solution and investment in the future in a logical manner.
{"title":"Ideal Agricultural Agent as a Logical Solution and Investment","authors":"Dona Setia Umbara, L. Sulistyowati, Trisna Insan Noor, I. Setiawan","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-7-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-7-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Future agricultural quality is the result of efforts made by agricultural observers at the present time. An expectation of optimal future agricultural quality is a challenge for observers of agriculture in Saudi Arabia, specifically as a material for thought for agricultural extension workers. The role of agricultural extension agents is the spearhead sharpening the achievement of future agricultural goals. Therefore, the quality of agricultural extension agents becomes the starting point for achieving these objectives. Some of the competencies that must be possessed by agricultural extension workers so that they are worthy of being declared as ideal counselors who are able to view the future as a benchmark for developing agricultural concepts at this time, namely motive, innate competency, self-concept, knowledge and skills. Through the mastery of all these competencies, the agricultural instructor deserves to be declared as the ideal agricultural extension agent as a solution and investment in the future in a logical manner.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89673732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：