The Crude Extract and powder of Lepidium sativum Linn. seeds were evaluated for a toxicity effect on 5th instar larvae of the Trogoderma granarium beetle by vapor and diet incorporation methods, respectively, as well as the repellent indicators of the powder at concentrations of 2, 0.9, 0.5, and 0.1% (w/w); the toxicity assay of essential oil was evaluated at 20, 15, 10, and 5 µl/L air. The results show that a variety of 5th larvae responses proved the effectiveness, where the essential oil vapors showed a high fumigate toxicity at 28.64 µl/L air, where the LC50 was identified after 72 hours of exposure. Additionally, the powder showed a toxicity effect at the concentrations of 2, 0.9 and 0.5% (w/w), which caused 100 and 96% mortality, respectively, and the LC50 was identified at 0.26% after 10 days of treatment. The exhibited repellent percentages of the powder were weak and at the same time had high acceptance and larval attractivity to the wheat grains treated. The attractive percentage was determined at -53.3% and -66.6% at the lowest and highest applied concentrations of 0.1% and 2% after 72 hours of exposure. The presence of the inverse relationship between the attractive and toxicity properties of the same material (L. sativum seeds) is a promising sign to the safe modeling of toxic baits, which attract and then kill larvae.
{"title":"Can a Garden Cress ( Lepidium sativum : Cruciferae) Seeds be a Poisonous Bait for the Larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts?","authors":"N. Al-Fuhaid","doi":"10.12691/wjar-6-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/wjar-6-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"The Crude Extract and powder of Lepidium sativum Linn. seeds were evaluated for a toxicity effect on 5th instar larvae of the Trogoderma granarium beetle by vapor and diet incorporation methods, respectively, as well as the repellent indicators of the powder at concentrations of 2, 0.9, 0.5, and 0.1% (w/w); the toxicity assay of essential oil was evaluated at 20, 15, 10, and 5 µl/L air. The results show that a variety of 5th larvae responses proved the effectiveness, where the essential oil vapors showed a high fumigate toxicity at 28.64 µl/L air, where the LC50 was identified after 72 hours of exposure. Additionally, the powder showed a toxicity effect at the concentrations of 2, 0.9 and 0.5% (w/w), which caused 100 and 96% mortality, respectively, and the LC50 was identified at 0.26% after 10 days of treatment. The exhibited repellent percentages of the powder were weak and at the same time had high acceptance and larval attractivity to the wheat grains treated. The attractive percentage was determined at -53.3% and -66.6% at the lowest and highest applied concentrations of 0.1% and 2% after 72 hours of exposure. The presence of the inverse relationship between the attractive and toxicity properties of the same material (L. sativum seeds) is a promising sign to the safe modeling of toxic baits, which attract and then kill larvae.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"74 4 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87799226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bornventure I. Mumia, J. Muthomi, R. Narla, M. Nyongesa, F. Olubayo
Potato production in Kenya is mainly constrained by limited supply of quality seed potato tubers. The objective of this study was to determine seed potato handling practices and quality of farm saved seed potato. A survey involving 79 farmers was conducted in potato production areas in Kiambu and Nyandarua Counties to collect information on seed potato production practices including sources of seed tubers, seed selection, seed tuber storage, pests and diseases. Samples of seed potato were collected from farmers and evaluated for quality parameters such as tuber size, weight, stout sprout length and infection with diseases. Factors affecting potato production included limited quality seed supply, pests and diseases. Shangi was the main potato variety grown by majority (62.8%) of farmers and all the farmers used own farm saved seed. Most (45.5%) farmers recycled the seed for four seasons and 44.1% of farmers stored seed potato for three months. Freeness from seedborne diseases was the main seed quality preference by farmers. The main pest reported was cutworms (42.6% of farmers) while potato late blight and bacterial wilt were the major diseases reported by 87.1% and 86.7% of the farmers respectively. All farm saved seed potato samples were infected with Fusarium coeruleum, 51.2% with Rhizoctonia solani, 53.3% with Fusarium sambunicum, 33.3% with Fusarium solani and 48.3% with Aspergillus niger. Over 69% of the farm saved seed samples were infected with Ralstonia solanacearum while 40.1% were infected with Potato Virus S, the most dominant. Due to poor post-harvest handling practices, farmers incurred seed quality and quantity losses in storage. Farm saved seed is contaminated with multiple seed borne diseases. Farmers should be sensitized on appropriate seed potato handling practices and there should be increased supply of certified seed potato.
{"title":"Seed Potato Production Practices and Quality of Farm Saved Seed Potato in Kiambu and Nyandarua Counties in Kenya","authors":"Bornventure I. Mumia, J. Muthomi, R. Narla, M. Nyongesa, F. Olubayo","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Potato production in Kenya is mainly constrained by limited supply of quality seed potato tubers. The objective of this study was to determine seed potato handling practices and quality of farm saved seed potato. A survey involving 79 farmers was conducted in potato production areas in Kiambu and Nyandarua Counties to collect information on seed potato production practices including sources of seed tubers, seed selection, seed tuber storage, pests and diseases. Samples of seed potato were collected from farmers and evaluated for quality parameters such as tuber size, weight, stout sprout length and infection with diseases. Factors affecting potato production included limited quality seed supply, pests and diseases. Shangi was the main potato variety grown by majority (62.8%) of farmers and all the farmers used own farm saved seed. Most (45.5%) farmers recycled the seed for four seasons and 44.1% of farmers stored seed potato for three months. Freeness from seedborne diseases was the main seed quality preference by farmers. The main pest reported was cutworms (42.6% of farmers) while potato late blight and bacterial wilt were the major diseases reported by 87.1% and 86.7% of the farmers respectively. All farm saved seed potato samples were infected with Fusarium coeruleum, 51.2% with Rhizoctonia solani, 53.3% with Fusarium sambunicum, 33.3% with Fusarium solani and 48.3% with Aspergillus niger. Over 69% of the farm saved seed samples were infected with Ralstonia solanacearum while 40.1% were infected with Potato Virus S, the most dominant. Due to poor post-harvest handling practices, farmers incurred seed quality and quantity losses in storage. Farm saved seed is contaminated with multiple seed borne diseases. Farmers should be sensitized on appropriate seed potato handling practices and there should be increased supply of certified seed potato.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74258633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diploknema butyracea an important multipurpose species owing to its great economic and medicinal value is facing threat as the exploitation levels have reached all time high. The species is failing to regenerate in spite of reasonable seed production. Therefore, in order to augment the natural regeneration, special attention needs to be given for its propagation. Thus, vegetative propagation is a better option, as it ensures purity of clonal or true-to-type propagation of elite tree. The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of maturity stage of donor plants on rooting of branch cuttings of Diploknema butyracea. Mature and juvenile branch cuttings of 2-3 cm diameter and 16-20 cm length classes were planted in the non-mist propagation chambers for sprouting and rooting of cutting. Maximum 92.20% sprouting was observed in juvenile cutting which got reduced to 37.20% in mature donor plants. The maturity stage of the donor plant had significant effect on the mean length and mean number of sprouts per cutting. Maximum (3.63) mean number of leaves was recorded in juvenile cuttings. Percent rooting decreased as age of the donor plants increased. Maximum (66.70%) rooting was observed in juvenile branch cuttings which decreased to (4.40%) in cutting collected from mature donor plants. Juvenile branch cuttings showed significant survival percentage (87.80%) and survival percentage during hardening (77.80%) than mature ones. Maturity stage had a significant effect on the mean number and mean length of roots per cutting after 64 days of planting.
{"title":"Effect of Maturity Stage of Donor Plant on Propagation of Diploknema butyracea through Branch Cuttings","authors":"A. R. Zargar, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Diploknema butyracea an important multipurpose species owing to its great economic and medicinal value is facing threat as the exploitation levels have reached all time high. The species is failing to regenerate in spite of reasonable seed production. Therefore, in order to augment the natural regeneration, special attention needs to be given for its propagation. Thus, vegetative propagation is a better option, as it ensures purity of clonal or true-to-type propagation of elite tree. The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of maturity stage of donor plants on rooting of branch cuttings of Diploknema butyracea. Mature and juvenile branch cuttings of 2-3 cm diameter and 16-20 cm length classes were planted in the non-mist propagation chambers for sprouting and rooting of cutting. Maximum 92.20% sprouting was observed in juvenile cutting which got reduced to 37.20% in mature donor plants. The maturity stage of the donor plant had significant effect on the mean length and mean number of sprouts per cutting. Maximum (3.63) mean number of leaves was recorded in juvenile cuttings. Percent rooting decreased as age of the donor plants increased. Maximum (66.70%) rooting was observed in juvenile branch cuttings which decreased to (4.40%) in cutting collected from mature donor plants. Juvenile branch cuttings showed significant survival percentage (87.80%) and survival percentage during hardening (77.80%) than mature ones. Maturity stage had a significant effect on the mean number and mean length of roots per cutting after 64 days of planting.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79548022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Setiyono, M. Barbieri, P. Prasadini, A. Maunahan, L. Gatti
Physiological studies have provided clear evidence of heat-induced spikelet sterility in rice, which can cause significant yield reductions. However, it is rather difficult to evaluate such yield losses in real world situations in farmers’ fields, especially across large areas. State-of-the-art technologies, such as remote sensing and crop modeling, can offer solutions for evaluating the heat-induced yield penalty in rice across a spatial area. Remote-sensing technologies, especially Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), can provide spatial detection of the start of the rice-growing season. This information, combined with time-series temperature data, can be assimilated into a crop simulation model, which can provide a thorough assessment of any heat-induced yield penalty over a specific geographic region. In this paper, we demonstrate how SAR can be used to assess the effects of heat stress in rice in two districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, during the 2017 rabi (dry) season. The accumulated data suggest that 53,623 and 21,436 ha of rice fields in Nellore and West Godavari districts, respectively, had yield losses due to heat stress. Rice fields in Nellore suffered higher yield and production losses due to heat stress because of steeper trend of increasing temperatures during the rice plants’ reproductive stage.
{"title":"Spatial Assessment of Heat Stress Impact on Rice Production in Two Districts of Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"T. Setiyono, M. Barbieri, P. Prasadini, A. Maunahan, L. Gatti","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Physiological studies have provided clear evidence of heat-induced spikelet sterility in rice, which can cause significant yield reductions. However, it is rather difficult to evaluate such yield losses in real world situations in farmers’ fields, especially across large areas. State-of-the-art technologies, such as remote sensing and crop modeling, can offer solutions for evaluating the heat-induced yield penalty in rice across a spatial area. Remote-sensing technologies, especially Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), can provide spatial detection of the start of the rice-growing season. This information, combined with time-series temperature data, can be assimilated into a crop simulation model, which can provide a thorough assessment of any heat-induced yield penalty over a specific geographic region. In this paper, we demonstrate how SAR can be used to assess the effects of heat stress in rice in two districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, during the 2017 rabi (dry) season. The accumulated data suggest that 53,623 and 21,436 ha of rice fields in Nellore and West Godavari districts, respectively, had yield losses due to heat stress. Rice fields in Nellore suffered higher yield and production losses due to heat stress because of steeper trend of increasing temperatures during the rice plants’ reproductive stage.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81486094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The common control method used to control the lesser wax moth A. grisella was fumigation with toxic gases; however, many insect pests of honey bees have developed resistance to the conventional control methods. This study aimed to study the toxicity of crude bee venom on developmental stages of A. grisella as safer alternative and replacement of these chemicals. The bee venom was collected by placing the electric bee venom collector device at the entrance of the beehive. Newly deposited eggs of A. grisella were assayed to evaluate the crude honey bee venom effect on the viability of eggs. Dried crude honey bee venom was diluted with pure acetone to concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 µg/µl. Egg hatchability was significantly (p<0.05) affected by the treatment. The corrected mortality of the treated eggs was 50.54% in the higher concentration of 50µg/µl with average unhatched eggs of 17.5 eggs per total of 25 eggs with the median lethal concentration (LC50) of 52.89 µg /µl. The topical application of crude honey bee venom was applied on 3rd instar larvae with concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 µg. The calculated mortality percentages for all treatments were 8% at the lower concentration and 52% at the high concentration. The calculated lethal median concentration LC50 was 38.27 µg /µl.
{"title":"Evaluation the Toxicity of Honey Bee Venom on Achroia grisella Developmental Stages","authors":"M. O. Mahgoub, W. Lau, D. Omar, Ahmed M. El Naim","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"The common control method used to control the lesser wax moth A. grisella was fumigation with toxic gases; however, many insect pests of honey bees have developed resistance to the conventional control methods. This study aimed to study the toxicity of crude bee venom on developmental stages of A. grisella as safer alternative and replacement of these chemicals. The bee venom was collected by placing the electric bee venom collector device at the entrance of the beehive. Newly deposited eggs of A. grisella were assayed to evaluate the crude honey bee venom effect on the viability of eggs. Dried crude honey bee venom was diluted with pure acetone to concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 µg/µl. Egg hatchability was significantly (p<0.05) affected by the treatment. The corrected mortality of the treated eggs was 50.54% in the higher concentration of 50µg/µl with average unhatched eggs of 17.5 eggs per total of 25 eggs with the median lethal concentration (LC50) of 52.89 µg /µl. The topical application of crude honey bee venom was applied on 3rd instar larvae with concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 µg. The calculated mortality percentages for all treatments were 8% at the lower concentration and 52% at the high concentration. The calculated lethal median concentration LC50 was 38.27 µg /µl.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"114 1","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89472048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Columnaris disease is a serious disease in warm water fish. It is caused by Flavobacterium columnare, a Gram-negative bacterium. In this work, fucoidan was tested for its efficacy in decreasing the mortalities caused by Columnaris disease in Nile tilapia. Consequently, naturally-infected Nile tilapia with Flavobacterium columnare, showing eroded fins, rigid body figure, and ulcerated body surface, was treated with fucoidan (8 gm/kg ration) for 17 days. Flavobacterium columnare infection was confirmed by isolation on selective medium (cytophaga agar), from the skeletal muscle, tails fins, and gills, giving the typical rhizoid shape. It was also confirmed by Flavobacterium columnare specific PCR using selective primers for Flavobacterium columnare 16S ribosomal DNA. Fucoidan caused decreased the mortalities to nil and cured the eroded fins, the ulcerated body surface, and the rigid body figure. Fucoidan also decreased the tissue damage score to reach the normal histological score.
{"title":"Can Fucoidan Decrease the Mortalities Caused by Columnaris Disease in Nile Tilapia","authors":"Hebatallah A. Mahgoub","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Columnaris disease is a serious disease in warm water fish. It is caused by Flavobacterium columnare, a Gram-negative bacterium. In this work, fucoidan was tested for its efficacy in decreasing the mortalities caused by Columnaris disease in Nile tilapia. Consequently, naturally-infected Nile tilapia with Flavobacterium columnare, showing eroded fins, rigid body figure, and ulcerated body surface, was treated with fucoidan (8 gm/kg ration) for 17 days. Flavobacterium columnare infection was confirmed by isolation on selective medium (cytophaga agar), from the skeletal muscle, tails fins, and gills, giving the typical rhizoid shape. It was also confirmed by Flavobacterium columnare specific PCR using selective primers for Flavobacterium columnare 16S ribosomal DNA. Fucoidan caused decreased the mortalities to nil and cured the eroded fins, the ulcerated body surface, and the rigid body figure. Fucoidan also decreased the tissue damage score to reach the normal histological score.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89021963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hunting of grass cutter for food in Nigeria is unsustainable due to serious challenges posed to the ecosystems, adequate bush meat supply and human health. To enhance sustainable exploitation, grass cutter farming is desirable but large percentage of the population still lack awareness about grass cutter rearing. This study was aimed at investigating factors influencing awareness about grass cutter farming in Kwara state. A two–stage sampling technique was used to select 540 participants from rural and sub-urban households for the study. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the respondents had an average age of 46 years with an average family size of 7 persons. Majority (77%) of the respondents were males. The Nagelkerke R2, explained 80.9% of the total variation in awareness of households. The coefficient of age, gender, household size, education, and access to credit with the t-values of -2.333, 1.959, 2.000, 2.235 and 13.832 respectively were all found to be critical in explaining awareness among the sampled households. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that any intervention strategy on grass cutter farming by government and international development agencies should have a capacity-building component center on educating households about the management practices and livelihood merits of farm grass cutters. Increase awareness through media should be promoted and policies like loan schemes that would substantially improve households’ access to use and acquisition of credits should be encouraged.
{"title":"A Binary Logit Estimation of Factors Influencing Awareness about Grasscutter Farming among Rural and Sub-urban Households in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Salautdinov Sa, Yusuf Oj, Apata Df, Adesina Om","doi":"10.12691/wjar-5-6-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/wjar-5-6-3","url":null,"abstract":"Hunting of grass cutter for food in Nigeria is unsustainable due to serious challenges posed to the ecosystems, adequate bush meat supply and human health. To enhance sustainable exploitation, grass cutter farming is desirable but large percentage of the population still lack awareness about grass cutter rearing. This study was aimed at investigating factors influencing awareness about grass cutter farming in Kwara state. A two–stage sampling technique was used to select 540 participants from rural and sub-urban households for the study. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the respondents had an average age of 46 years with an average family size of 7 persons. Majority (77%) of the respondents were males. The Nagelkerke R2, explained 80.9% of the total variation in awareness of households. The coefficient of age, gender, household size, education, and access to credit with the t-values of -2.333, 1.959, 2.000, 2.235 and 13.832 respectively were all found to be critical in explaining awareness among the sampled households. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that any intervention strategy on grass cutter farming by government and international development agencies should have a capacity-building component center on educating households about the management practices and livelihood merits of farm grass cutters. Increase awareness through media should be promoted and policies like loan schemes that would substantially improve households’ access to use and acquisition of credits should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"290 1","pages":"299-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86429288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Gibson, O. Akintunde, O. TayoGrace, E. A. Olufunso, J. Osagie, C. Lois, C. Faith
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding graded levels of Cymbopogon citratus leaf meal (CcLM) at 0,0.01,0.1, and 0.2 % respectively on the sensory and biochemical parameters of 120 broiler chickens. The diet was isocaloric and isonitrogenous and the study lasted for 56 days after which data on organoleptic and biochemical parameters were collected and evaluated using a completely randomized design. Results showed that the serum glucose level, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total protein (TP) were significant (p<0.05). Serum evaluation was done using nine panelists. Bite of different portions of broiler meat samples weighing 10g were served at room temperature. Responses from the panelist were obtained using the hedonic scale of ranking. Results showed that broilers raised with diet D (0.2 % CcLM) did not adversely influenced colour, texture, odour and acceptability for consumers. The study revealed that inclusion of CcLM in broiler chicken diet, does not have any deleterious effect on the serum biochemistry and organoleptic parameters of broiler chicken.
{"title":"Serum Biochemistry and Sensory Evaluation of Broiler Chicken Fed Cymbopogon citratus Leaf Meal","authors":"O. Gibson, O. Akintunde, O. TayoGrace, E. A. Olufunso, J. Osagie, C. Lois, C. Faith","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-5-6-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-5-6-4","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding graded levels of Cymbopogon citratus leaf meal (CcLM) at 0,0.01,0.1, and 0.2 % respectively on the sensory and biochemical parameters of 120 broiler chickens. The diet was isocaloric and isonitrogenous and the study lasted for 56 days after which data on organoleptic and biochemical parameters were collected and evaluated using a completely randomized design. Results showed that the serum glucose level, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total protein (TP) were significant (p<0.05). Serum evaluation was done using nine panelists. Bite of different portions of broiler meat samples weighing 10g were served at room temperature. Responses from the panelist were obtained using the hedonic scale of ranking. Results showed that broilers raised with diet D (0.2 % CcLM) did not adversely influenced colour, texture, odour and acceptability for consumers. The study revealed that inclusion of CcLM in broiler chicken diet, does not have any deleterious effect on the serum biochemistry and organoleptic parameters of broiler chicken.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"305-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76052923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morphological characteristics of twenty five isolates of E. turcicum collected from Kilimanjaro, Arusha, Morogoro, Iringa, Njombe and Mbeya Regions in Tanzania were studied in four solid media namely; V8 vegetable juice agar, malt extract agar, maize leaf extract agar and potato dextrose agar. The experiment was conducted twice and replicated three times (3 replicate × 25 isolates × 4 media) for each medium, making a total of 300 plates. The inoculated cultures were arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and incubated at 25±1°C. The statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in colony growth, conidia germination, dry mycelial weight and rate of sporulation on the four solid media indicated the possibility of different strains of E. turcicum in the studied areas. However, colony growth was aggressive in V8 juice agar (5.7 cm) but conidia germination and rate of sporulation were high in malt extract agar. No isolate of E. turcicum germinated or sporulated on PDA. Isolates such as KHK10, KHK18, KHN17, KHN3, KMM18 (Kilimanjaro Region), MMU13 and MRI4 (Mbeya Region), INM8 (Iringa Region) and MMM18 from Morogoro Region significantly yielded more colony growth, conidial germination, sporulation and dry mycelia compared to the other isolates. Molecular studies are needed to confirm the genetic variations amongst the isolates for sustainable maize breeding in Morogoro, Tanzania.
{"title":"Assessment of Maize (Z ea mays L.) Exserohium Turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Sugg. Isolates on Different Culture Media in Tanzania","authors":"M. Nwanosike, R. Mabagala","doi":"10.12691/wjar-5-6-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/wjar-5-6-2","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological characteristics of twenty five isolates of E. turcicum collected from Kilimanjaro, Arusha, Morogoro, Iringa, Njombe and Mbeya Regions in Tanzania were studied in four solid media namely; V8 vegetable juice agar, malt extract agar, maize leaf extract agar and potato dextrose agar. The experiment was conducted twice and replicated three times (3 replicate × 25 isolates × 4 media) for each medium, making a total of 300 plates. The inoculated cultures were arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and incubated at 25±1°C. The statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in colony growth, conidia germination, dry mycelial weight and rate of sporulation on the four solid media indicated the possibility of different strains of E. turcicum in the studied areas. However, colony growth was aggressive in V8 juice agar (5.7 cm) but conidia germination and rate of sporulation were high in malt extract agar. No isolate of E. turcicum germinated or sporulated on PDA. Isolates such as KHK10, KHK18, KHN17, KHN3, KMM18 (Kilimanjaro Region), MMU13 and MRI4 (Mbeya Region), INM8 (Iringa Region) and MMM18 from Morogoro Region significantly yielded more colony growth, conidial germination, sporulation and dry mycelia compared to the other isolates. Molecular studies are needed to confirm the genetic variations amongst the isolates for sustainable maize breeding in Morogoro, Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"81 1","pages":"292-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74986737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is a soil and seed borne disease affecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum). It is widely distributed where chickpea is grown and it causes variable yield losses depending on the level of resistance of the genotype and suitability of environmental conditions for disease development. Thiram and carbendazim fungicides are used in most crops as seed dress fungicides against a wide variety of pathogens. The impact of the 0%, 50%, 100% and 150% of the recommended 1.5g fungicide/kg seed rates of these two fungicides on plant height, periodic dry matter and number of pods and grain yield of chickpea was evaluated in the field in a split plot design. Two varieties, Chania 1 which is moderately resistant and Chania 2 which is highly susceptible were grown. Plant height, dry matter and pods per plant were significantly higher in Chania 1 moderately resistant variety and when grown under increasing rates of fungicide application. Increasing fungicide application rates significantly increased grain yield of chickpea. The highest Grain yield of 1.4 t/ha was obtained from 150% (2.25g/kg seed) application of either thiram or carbendazim for MR Chania 1 was grown and treated with either thiram or carbendazim at 150% rate of application. Farmers should grow Chania 1 chickpea variety to minimize use of fungicide application rates to range within 1.5 to 2.25 g fungicide/kg seed and obtain high chickpea growth; yield attributes and grain yields ranging between 1.32 to 1.4 t/ha, respectively.
{"title":"Effects of Thiram and Carbendazim Application Rates on Growth and Grain Yield of Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) in Kenya","authors":"M. KibeA., R. KiruiK., N. WagaraI., M. W. Thagana","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-5-6-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-5-6-1","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is a soil and seed borne disease affecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum). It is widely distributed where chickpea is grown and it causes variable yield losses depending on the level of resistance of the genotype and suitability of environmental conditions for disease development. Thiram and carbendazim fungicides are used in most crops as seed dress fungicides against a wide variety of pathogens. The impact of the 0%, 50%, 100% and 150% of the recommended 1.5g fungicide/kg seed rates of these two fungicides on plant height, periodic dry matter and number of pods and grain yield of chickpea was evaluated in the field in a split plot design. Two varieties, Chania 1 which is moderately resistant and Chania 2 which is highly susceptible were grown. Plant height, dry matter and pods per plant were significantly higher in Chania 1 moderately resistant variety and when grown under increasing rates of fungicide application. Increasing fungicide application rates significantly increased grain yield of chickpea. The highest Grain yield of 1.4 t/ha was obtained from 150% (2.25g/kg seed) application of either thiram or carbendazim for MR Chania 1 was grown and treated with either thiram or carbendazim at 150% rate of application. Farmers should grow Chania 1 chickpea variety to minimize use of fungicide application rates to range within 1.5 to 2.25 g fungicide/kg seed and obtain high chickpea growth; yield attributes and grain yields ranging between 1.32 to 1.4 t/ha, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"284-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83081916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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