Prosper L. Deo-Donne, S. T. Annan, Francis Adarkwah, Francis Pady, Bright Frimpong, Anthony Anyamesem-Poku
The productivity of cowpea is constrained by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Insects, fungi, bacteria, parasitic plants and nematodes are the major biotic stresses, and drought, salinity and heat are among the major environmental limitations to cowpea productivity. Among the diseases, bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonasaxonopodispv. Vignicola (Burkholder) Dye is one of the diseases posing a serious challenge to cowpea production in Ghana and the rest of Africa where the crop is usually cultivated. The objective of the study was to identify Cowpea genotype that are resistant to bacterial blight. Thirty-one cowpea lines collected from research institutions (SARI-Nyankpala, PGRRI-Bunso, IITA-Kano-Nigeria and CRI-Kumasi) composed of landraces and released varieties were used for the trial. These were grown in polybags of 20 plants per accession in a Completely Randomize Design with four replications. The plants were inoculated with X. vignicla cultures when the plants were three weeks old. Results indicate that 64.5% of the plant total was moderately resistant, 22.6% were resistant and 12.9% were susceptible. The genotypes GH4025 and GH2347 were found to be promising resistant genotypes. The most pathogenic of all the strains was Ohawu 1 followed by Nyankpala 1 and CRI 2 respectively. Thermos resistant genotypes GH4025, GH4327 and IT97K-1069-6.exhibited higher level of resistance in all the three strains and the genotypes TVu7778, GH7889, IT84S-2246-4 and GH7225 exhibited similar levels of susceptibility to the three strains of the bacterial blight isolates. However, bacterial blight symptoms were observed on leaves inoculated with 108cfu g-1 bacterial suspensions.
{"title":"Reaction of Cowpea Genotypes to Bacterial Blight ( Xanthomonascampestrispv. Vignicola ) Disease in Ghana","authors":"Prosper L. Deo-Donne, S. T. Annan, Francis Adarkwah, Francis Pady, Bright Frimpong, Anthony Anyamesem-Poku","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of cowpea is constrained by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Insects, fungi, bacteria, parasitic plants and nematodes are the major biotic stresses, and drought, salinity and heat are among the major environmental limitations to cowpea productivity. Among the diseases, bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonasaxonopodispv. Vignicola (Burkholder) Dye is one of the diseases posing a serious challenge to cowpea production in Ghana and the rest of Africa where the crop is usually cultivated. The objective of the study was to identify Cowpea genotype that are resistant to bacterial blight. Thirty-one cowpea lines collected from research institutions (SARI-Nyankpala, PGRRI-Bunso, IITA-Kano-Nigeria and CRI-Kumasi) composed of landraces and released varieties were used for the trial. These were grown in polybags of 20 plants per accession in a Completely Randomize Design with four replications. The plants were inoculated with X. vignicla cultures when the plants were three weeks old. Results indicate that 64.5% of the plant total was moderately resistant, 22.6% were resistant and 12.9% were susceptible. The genotypes GH4025 and GH2347 were found to be promising resistant genotypes. The most pathogenic of all the strains was Ohawu 1 followed by Nyankpala 1 and CRI 2 respectively. Thermos resistant genotypes GH4025, GH4327 and IT97K-1069-6.exhibited higher level of resistance in all the three strains and the genotypes TVu7778, GH7889, IT84S-2246-4 and GH7225 exhibited similar levels of susceptibility to the three strains of the bacterial blight isolates. However, bacterial blight symptoms were observed on leaves inoculated with 108cfu g-1 bacterial suspensions.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88886188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weeds grow everywhere and create crop loss, involve huge expenditure in weeding, produ allergic pollens and unpalatable fodder, forages and cause green house gas emission in environment around us. Several high tech weeding machines including robotics were developed and focused as wonderful development and marketing strategy created to make huge profit in the global business by many developed countries forming company consortium to harness the benefits from such unaffordable technologies. Further, these weeding machine based practices are not suitable where sowing is done by hand broadcasting, as is prevalent in eastern India and many countries of the world, as well as under aberrant weather condition making field condition not walk able or too dry condition for any field operation., Hence, problem of weed management and global warming are not likely to get solved by such technical developments. It requires some miracle like discovery to stand as panacea scientific solution. The present study reports an innovative research on science of ecology that becomes a non monetary panacea total solution in agriculture and stands as method of weed management superb over any known mechanical-robotic weeder getting claimed as breakthrough on weeding works. This innovation was submitted to Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi over a year ago i.e. on August 17, 2017, as fulfillment of a challenge on weed management, but it is pending due to inaction. The new science based discovery not only overcomes weed control under all conditions, including the broad casting situations, as well as aberrant weather condition, but eco zero weeding fixes atmospheric natural nitrogen that enhances unimaginable high yield of crops. This discovery equips world with intellectual property of immense value that enable world acquire huge economic gain and overcome climate change and foster environment protection.
{"title":"Eco-Zero Weeding - A Wow Incredible Scientific Innovation for Altering Things around Us and India Inaction","authors":"R. Yadav","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds grow everywhere and create crop loss, involve huge expenditure in weeding, produ allergic pollens and unpalatable fodder, forages and cause green house gas emission in environment around us. Several high tech weeding machines including robotics were developed and focused as wonderful development and marketing strategy created to make huge profit in the global business by many developed countries forming company consortium to harness the benefits from such unaffordable technologies. Further, these weeding machine based practices are not suitable where sowing is done by hand broadcasting, as is prevalent in eastern India and many countries of the world, as well as under aberrant weather condition making field condition not walk able or too dry condition for any field operation., Hence, problem of weed management and global warming are not likely to get solved by such technical developments. It requires some miracle like discovery to stand as panacea scientific solution. The present study reports an innovative research on science of ecology that becomes a non monetary panacea total solution in agriculture and stands as method of weed management superb over any known mechanical-robotic weeder getting claimed as breakthrough on weeding works. This innovation was submitted to Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi over a year ago i.e. on August 17, 2017, as fulfillment of a challenge on weed management, but it is pending due to inaction. The new science based discovery not only overcomes weed control under all conditions, including the broad casting situations, as well as aberrant weather condition, but eco zero weeding fixes atmospheric natural nitrogen that enhances unimaginable high yield of crops. This discovery equips world with intellectual property of immense value that enable world acquire huge economic gain and overcome climate change and foster environment protection.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87828269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naumita Shah, Ankit Nariya, A. Pathan, Alpesh Patel, S. Chettiar, Devendrasinh D Jhala
The free radicals are considered as primary culprit for many multifactorial diseases. These free radicals scavenging remains a foremost challenge in most neurological disorders, which can be subjected with least collateral damage by herbal extracts. In this study, Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seeds aqueous extract (AE) (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 µg/ml) was used to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy against adverse effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) (7 mM) in neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32. Preliminary pharmacological investigations and free radical scavenging capacity were evaluated for AE. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were studied using MTT assay and some biochemical parameters (total protein and glutathione level as well as activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase). Moreover, genotoxicity due to free radicals was also assessed using comet assay in IMR-32 cells. Results showed presence of various phytochemicals in AE and its significant inhibition of DPPH and NO radicals. AE was not only enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes but also reduced the free radical mediated cytotoxicity of MSG in IMR-32 cells. The DNA damage found in neuronal cells due to free radical toxicity of MSG was reduced in presence of free radical inhibitory phytochemical present in AE. From these results it can be concluded that AE of CP seeds is an effective antioxidant agent and potent neuroprotective herb to mitigate MSG induced neuronal impairments in IMR-32 cells.
{"title":"Mitigation by Aqueous Extract of Celastrus Paniculatus Seeds against Monosodium Glutamate Induced Impairments in Human Neuronal cells IMR-32","authors":"Naumita Shah, Ankit Nariya, A. Pathan, Alpesh Patel, S. Chettiar, Devendrasinh D Jhala","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"The free radicals are considered as primary culprit for many multifactorial diseases. These free radicals scavenging remains a foremost challenge in most neurological disorders, which can be subjected with least collateral damage by herbal extracts. In this study, Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seeds aqueous extract (AE) (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 µg/ml) was used to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy against adverse effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) (7 mM) in neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32. Preliminary pharmacological investigations and free radical scavenging capacity were evaluated for AE. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were studied using MTT assay and some biochemical parameters (total protein and glutathione level as well as activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase). Moreover, genotoxicity due to free radicals was also assessed using comet assay in IMR-32 cells. Results showed presence of various phytochemicals in AE and its significant inhibition of DPPH and NO radicals. AE was not only enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes but also reduced the free radical mediated cytotoxicity of MSG in IMR-32 cells. The DNA damage found in neuronal cells due to free radical toxicity of MSG was reduced in presence of free radical inhibitory phytochemical present in AE. From these results it can be concluded that AE of CP seeds is an effective antioxidant agent and potent neuroprotective herb to mitigate MSG induced neuronal impairments in IMR-32 cells.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"34 6 1","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82788797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antoine Barro, T. B. J. Batiéno, J. Neya, K. Pale, A. Kaboré, M. Ouédraogo, M. Sawadogo
Considered by most producers as their coffee and cocoa as it plays a role of cash crop, cowpea constitutes in Burkina Faso an important source of income to satisfy the needs of families in rural environment. It is grown in all agro-ecological area of the country. Despite this advantage, its production is held back by biotic and abiotic constraints that significantly reduce yields. Best performing varieties are therefore needed by farmers to improve productivity and their livelihoods. The present study which is an agronomic performances evaluation of five cowpea lines at Saria station was done in the field in a Fisher block with three (03) replications. The results revealed significant differences (P 0.05) was noted among lines concerning grain and fodder yields. However, the best results have been obtained with the improved lines BC3F10P34-1 and BC3F10P34-3. These lines were better than their parent KVx745-11P and could be disseminated to rural producers to ensure food security and improve their incomes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Agronomic Performances of Five Cowpea Lines in the Experimental Research Station of Saria, Burkina Faso","authors":"Antoine Barro, T. B. J. Batiéno, J. Neya, K. Pale, A. Kaboré, M. Ouédraogo, M. Sawadogo","doi":"10.12691/wjar-6-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/wjar-6-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Considered by most producers as their coffee and cocoa as it plays a role of cash crop, cowpea constitutes in Burkina Faso an important source of income to satisfy the needs of families in rural environment. It is grown in all agro-ecological area of the country. Despite this advantage, its production is held back by biotic and abiotic constraints that significantly reduce yields. Best performing varieties are therefore needed by farmers to improve productivity and their livelihoods. The present study which is an agronomic performances evaluation of five cowpea lines at Saria station was done in the field in a Fisher block with three (03) replications. The results revealed significant differences (P 0.05) was noted among lines concerning grain and fodder yields. However, the best results have been obtained with the improved lines BC3F10P34-1 and BC3F10P34-3. These lines were better than their parent KVx745-11P and could be disseminated to rural producers to ensure food security and improve their incomes.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"82-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73495542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rathnayake, D. Abeysinghe, R. Dharmadasa, G. Prathapasinghe, L. Jayasooriya
Momordica charantia L. is a therapeutically important medicinal plant belonging to family Cucurbitaceae and extensively consumed as a vegetable and used as a treatment for an array of ailments in Ayurveda and traditional systems of medicine in Sri Lanka. Seeds of Momordica charantia contain an array of bioactive molecules including phenolics, carotenoids and rich source of physiochemical constituents, minerals, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) and hence seeds possess anticancer, antitumor, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Phyto-constituents and therapeutic activities are depend on plant species or variety, their genetic makeup and maturity stages. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine phytochemical physiochemical and mineral composition of six populations of Momordica charantia seeds harvested at two different maturity stages. Physiochemical composition was determined according to official AOAC method. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) were determined using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu method respectively. Mineral content was determined using Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometric method. There were significant differences (PMomordica seeds were varied between maturity stages as well as different populations. The highest mineral content was observed in undomesticated population. TAC and TPC decreased when maturity progressed and the highest TAC and TPC were observed in mature stage of Momordica seeds. Therefore, it is suggested to exploit undomesticated M. charantia populations with elevated phytonutrient contents for pharmaceutical and neutraceutical industries.
{"title":"Phytochemical, Physiochemical and Mineral Contents of Domesticated and Non Domesticated Populations of Momordica charantia L. Seeds Harvested at Two Maturity Stages","authors":"A. Rathnayake, D. Abeysinghe, R. Dharmadasa, G. Prathapasinghe, L. Jayasooriya","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"Momordica charantia L. is a therapeutically important medicinal plant belonging to family Cucurbitaceae and extensively consumed as a vegetable and used as a treatment for an array of ailments in Ayurveda and traditional systems of medicine in Sri Lanka. Seeds of Momordica charantia contain an array of bioactive molecules including phenolics, carotenoids and rich source of physiochemical constituents, minerals, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) and hence seeds possess anticancer, antitumor, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Phyto-constituents and therapeutic activities are depend on plant species or variety, their genetic makeup and maturity stages. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine phytochemical physiochemical and mineral composition of six populations of Momordica charantia seeds harvested at two different maturity stages. Physiochemical composition was determined according to official AOAC method. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) were determined using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu method respectively. Mineral content was determined using Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometric method. There were significant differences (PMomordica seeds were varied between maturity stages as well as different populations. The highest mineral content was observed in undomesticated population. TAC and TPC decreased when maturity progressed and the highest TAC and TPC were observed in mature stage of Momordica seeds. Therefore, it is suggested to exploit undomesticated M. charantia populations with elevated phytonutrient contents for pharmaceutical and neutraceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81050482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Oanh, P. Dang, D. Luc, J. Bindelle, N. Moula, V. Ton, J. Hornick
The objective of this study was to investigate by-product production originating from artisan distillers of rice alcohol and its use as pig feed in three provinces (Hai Duong, Hung Yen and Bac Giang) of Northern Vietnam. A total of 120 rice alcohol producers classified by production scales (30 producers for Large-L, 45 producers for Medium-M and 45 producers for Small-S) were interviewed from January to August 2015. Additionally, sixty-three rice distiller’s by-product samples were collected from the study areas to determine their daily nutrient content according to one week storage time. The annual dry matter feedstuff production was estimated to 4.8, 3.0 and 2.1 tons per household for L, M and S scales, respectively (p<0.001). Swine herd size increased with the scale of household alcohol production (p<0.05). The proportion of rice distiller’s by-product in diet of swine lowered when turning from pregnant to lactating sows, and varied in fattening pigs. Rice distiller’s by-product was rich in high quality crude protein, copper and lactic acid but poor in dry matter. Its nutritive value remained stable over a week under ambient conditions. In conclusion, rice distiller’s by-product provides significant and stable amounts of nutrients in northern vietnamese pig production.
{"title":"By-product Originating from Artisan Distillers of Rice Alcohol in Northern Vietnam: Production, Use and Nutrient Value for Smallholder Pig Raising","authors":"N. Oanh, P. Dang, D. Luc, J. Bindelle, N. Moula, V. Ton, J. Hornick","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-2-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-2-6","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate by-product production originating from artisan distillers of rice alcohol and its use as pig feed in three provinces (Hai Duong, Hung Yen and Bac Giang) of Northern Vietnam. A total of 120 rice alcohol producers classified by production scales (30 producers for Large-L, 45 producers for Medium-M and 45 producers for Small-S) were interviewed from January to August 2015. Additionally, sixty-three rice distiller’s by-product samples were collected from the study areas to determine their daily nutrient content according to one week storage time. The annual dry matter feedstuff production was estimated to 4.8, 3.0 and 2.1 tons per household for L, M and S scales, respectively (p<0.001). Swine herd size increased with the scale of household alcohol production (p<0.05). The proportion of rice distiller’s by-product in diet of swine lowered when turning from pregnant to lactating sows, and varied in fattening pigs. Rice distiller’s by-product was rich in high quality crude protein, copper and lactic acid but poor in dry matter. Its nutritive value remained stable over a week under ambient conditions. In conclusion, rice distiller’s by-product provides significant and stable amounts of nutrients in northern vietnamese pig production.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82170447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis, is currently the major foliar disease of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Tunisia, causing serious yield losses and affecting grain quality. Farmers often use foliar fungicide application or resistant cultivars to counter yield loss, however, this is hampered by a lack of resistant varieties. To investigate the effects of genetic resistance and foliar fungicide application on disease level and yield components, six improved varieties were evaluated at the regional experimental station in Beja during three consecutive growing seasons. Under natural stripe rust infection, three varieties were detected as completely resistant and the others are susceptible. The pathogen affected the leaf area in the susceptible varieties and reduces the above ground biomass at harvest, seed weight and grain yield. Fungicide application reduces the disease severity on the sensitive genotypes and improves biomass, seed weight, grain yield, and harvest index. Yield benefits were much greater in the use of resistant genotypes than fungicide application on the susceptible varieties; consequently the resistance to stripe rust can have more significant benefits to farmer and to the wheat industry.
{"title":"Yellow Rust Effects on Grain Yield, and Yield Components of Some Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions","authors":"Sebei Abdennour, F. Sahbi, B. Houcine","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis, is currently the major foliar disease of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Tunisia, causing serious yield losses and affecting grain quality. Farmers often use foliar fungicide application or resistant cultivars to counter yield loss, however, this is hampered by a lack of resistant varieties. To investigate the effects of genetic resistance and foliar fungicide application on disease level and yield components, six improved varieties were evaluated at the regional experimental station in Beja during three consecutive growing seasons. Under natural stripe rust infection, three varieties were detected as completely resistant and the others are susceptible. The pathogen affected the leaf area in the susceptible varieties and reduces the above ground biomass at harvest, seed weight and grain yield. Fungicide application reduces the disease severity on the sensitive genotypes and improves biomass, seed weight, grain yield, and harvest index. Yield benefits were much greater in the use of resistant genotypes than fungicide application on the susceptible varieties; consequently the resistance to stripe rust can have more significant benefits to farmer and to the wheat industry.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79487600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sangita Karki, N. Poudel, Gopal Bhusal, S. Simkhada, Bhishma Raj Regmi, B. Adhikari, S. Poudel
The study was carried out in agronomy farm of Paklihawa Campus, IAAS, Rupandehi, Nepal. The objective of the study was to determine the response of rice as influenced by different combination of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. The study consists of three nitrogen sources i.e. urea, farmyard manure and blue green algae at various levels comprising seven treatments in randomized complete block design with three replications. Rice seedling were raised in wet nursery bed and transplanted in experimental plots. Growth parameters, yield attributing traits and grain yield of rice were recorded. Result indicates that treatment combination of 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen (90 kg ha-1), farmyard manure (5 tons ha-1) and blue green algae (9 kg ha-1) contributes to higher plant height (96.13 cm), effective tiller per square meter (345.6), filled grain per panicle (180.9), grain yield (4.787 tons ha-1), and straw yield (9.07 ton ha-1) (p < 0.05). Also, there was a positive correlation between the grain yield and effective tillers per square meter (R2=0.254), grain yield and number of filled grains per panicle (R2=0.315). Hence, 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen (90 kg ha-1), farmyard manure (5 tons ha-1) and blue green algae (9 kg ha-1) were found to improve plant characteristics thus improving rice yield.
该研究在尼泊尔鲁潘德希IAAS Paklihawa校区的农艺场进行。本研究的目的是确定不同有机和无机氮源组合对水稻的影响。本研究采用随机完全区组设计，采用尿素、农家肥和蓝藻3种不同水平氮源，共7个处理，3个重复。水稻幼苗在湿苗床上培育，移栽于试验田。记录了水稻的生长参数、产量性状和籽粒产量。结果表明，75%推荐用量的氮肥(90 kg ha-1) +农家肥(5 t ha-1) +蓝藻(9 kg ha-1)处理可提高水稻株高(96.13 cm)、每平方米有效分蘖数(345.6)、每穗实粒数(180.9)、籽粒产量(4.787 t ha-1)和秸秆产量(9.07 t ha-1) (p < 0.05)。籽粒产量与每平方米有效分蘖数(R2=0.254)、籽粒产量与每穗实粒数(R2=0.315)呈正相关。因此，75%推荐剂量的氮肥(90 kg hm -1)、农家肥(5吨hm -1)和蓝绿藻(9 kg hm -1)可以改善植株特性，从而提高水稻产量。
{"title":"Growth Parameter and Yield Attributes of Rice ( Oryza Sativa ) as Influenced by Different Combination of Nitrogen Sources","authors":"Sangita Karki, N. Poudel, Gopal Bhusal, S. Simkhada, Bhishma Raj Regmi, B. Adhikari, S. Poudel","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in agronomy farm of Paklihawa Campus, IAAS, Rupandehi, Nepal. The objective of the study was to determine the response of rice as influenced by different combination of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. The study consists of three nitrogen sources i.e. urea, farmyard manure and blue green algae at various levels comprising seven treatments in randomized complete block design with three replications. Rice seedling were raised in wet nursery bed and transplanted in experimental plots. Growth parameters, yield attributing traits and grain yield of rice were recorded. Result indicates that treatment combination of 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen (90 kg ha-1), farmyard manure (5 tons ha-1) and blue green algae (9 kg ha-1) contributes to higher plant height (96.13 cm), effective tiller per square meter (345.6), filled grain per panicle (180.9), grain yield (4.787 tons ha-1), and straw yield (9.07 ton ha-1) (p < 0.05). Also, there was a positive correlation between the grain yield and effective tillers per square meter (R2=0.254), grain yield and number of filled grains per panicle (R2=0.315). Hence, 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen (90 kg ha-1), farmyard manure (5 tons ha-1) and blue green algae (9 kg ha-1) were found to improve plant characteristics thus improving rice yield.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89948513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an under-utilised food legume in Uganda with great potential to contribute to household food, nutrition and income security. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of planting time on the agronomic performance of Desi and Kabuli chickpea genotypes. The study was conducted on-station in Mbarara district during the 2011A, B and 2012A seasons. In the 2011A season, the unusual shorter rainfall and high temperatures favoured high pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) infestation that resulted in low grain yields (347-521 kg ha-1). In the excessively rainy and cool long 2011B season, chickpea planted before and at the onset of rainfall had high Ascochyta blight plant infection. The highly wet and dry conditions significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the grain yields (400 t ha-1) of chickpea, to below its potential of 1000-3000 kg ha-1. Crops that coincided with well distributed rains alternating with sufficient sunshine (planted in late March 2012A) had higher yields (> 1200 kg ha-1). Yield losses associated with pests and diseases were managed when sowing was done after the peak of the rain season (end of March and October). Therefore, chickpea requires moderately low well distributed rains, with adequate sunny days during the vegetative and reproduction stages for higher grain yields. Integration proper planting time, variety and judicial pesticide application constituted the appropriate strategy for pod borer and Ascochyta blight management for the enhanced chickpea agronomic performance in the South Western Agro Ecological Zone of Uganda.
鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)是乌干达一种未得到充分利用的食用豆类，在促进家庭粮食、营养和收入安全方面具有巨大潜力。本研究旨在探讨种植时间对德西和喀布尔鹰嘴豆基因型农艺性能的影响。该研究于2011年a、B和2012年a季节在Mbarara地区的站点进行。2011年，降雨异常短，气温异常高，有利于棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)的大量侵害，导致粮食产量低(347-521 kg ha-1)。在多雨凉长的2011B季节，雨前和雨后种植的鹰嘴豆侵染率较高。高干湿条件显著(P≤0.05)降低了鹰嘴豆籽粒产量(400 t hm -1)，低于其潜力(1000 ~ 3000 kg hm -1)。降雨分布均匀且日照充足的作物(2012年3月下旬种植)产量较高(> 1200 kg ha-1)。在雨季高峰之后(3月底和10月底)播种时，对病虫害造成的产量损失进行了管理。因此，鹰嘴豆需要适度的低降雨，在营养和繁殖阶段有充足的日照，以提高粮食产量。在乌干达西南农业生态区，合理选择种植时间、品种和合理施用农药是提高鹰嘴豆农艺性能的适宜策略。
{"title":"Planting Time and Pesticide Application on the Agronomic Performance of Chickpea in Semi-arid Zone, South Western Uganda","authors":"P. Kankwatsa, R. Muzira, S. Byenkya","doi":"10.12691/wjar-6-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/wjar-6-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an under-utilised food legume in Uganda with great potential to contribute to household food, nutrition and income security. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of planting time on the agronomic performance of Desi and Kabuli chickpea genotypes. The study was conducted on-station in Mbarara district during the 2011A, B and 2012A seasons. In the 2011A season, the unusual shorter rainfall and high temperatures favoured high pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) infestation that resulted in low grain yields (347-521 kg ha-1). In the excessively rainy and cool long 2011B season, chickpea planted before and at the onset of rainfall had high Ascochyta blight plant infection. The highly wet and dry conditions significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the grain yields (400 t ha-1) of chickpea, to below its potential of 1000-3000 kg ha-1. Crops that coincided with well distributed rains alternating with sufficient sunshine (planted in late March 2012A) had higher yields (> 1200 kg ha-1). Yield losses associated with pests and diseases were managed when sowing was done after the peak of the rain season (end of March and October). Therefore, chickpea requires moderately low well distributed rains, with adequate sunny days during the vegetative and reproduction stages for higher grain yields. Integration proper planting time, variety and judicial pesticide application constituted the appropriate strategy for pod borer and Ascochyta blight management for the enhanced chickpea agronomic performance in the South Western Agro Ecological Zone of Uganda.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89175146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize (Zea mays L.) is third most consumed crop worldwide after rice and wheat. Maize is the main staple food in sub-Saharan Africa and Kenya, however, production has continuously been low over the past years. A line by tester analysis was carried out for 30 inbred lines and two testers to evaluate the GCA and SCA effects for yield and associated traits at three locations in Kenya during the 2016/2017 growing season. There were significant GCA and SCA mean squares indicating that both additive and non-additive gene effects contributed to the inheritance of the traits studied. Sum of squares of GCA was more than of SCA hence additive main effects contributed more to the inheritance of the traits than non-additive gene effects. Lines 1, 17, 6, 29 and 30 were good general combiners for grain yield. Testcrosses L30×T2 (4.40 t ha-1), L13×T1 (3.85 t ha-1), L20×T1 (3.59 t ha-1) and L9×T1 (3.52 t ha-1) yielded higher than best check mean and had good specific combining ability for grain yield and earliness in anthesis and silking dates. These genotypes can be evaluated further for grain yield and earliness and commercially released for use in areas with short rains.
玉米(Zea mays L.)是仅次于水稻和小麦的全球第三大消费作物。玉米是撒哈拉以南非洲和肯尼亚的主要粮食，但过去几年产量一直很低。在2016/2017生长季，对肯尼亚三个地点的30个自交系和2个自交系进行了品系测试分析，以评估GCA和SCA对产量和相关性状的影响。GCA和SCA均方差均显著，表明加性和非加性基因效应均对所研究性状的遗传有贡献。GCA的平方和大于SCA的平方和，说明加性主效应对性状遗传的贡献大于非加性基因效应。品系1、17、6、29和30是产量较好的综合组合。试验组合L30×T2 (4.40 t ha-1)、L13×T1 (3.85 t ha-1)、L20×T1 (3.59 t ha-1)和L9×T1 (3.52 t ha-1)的产量均高于最佳对照平均值，在籽粒产量和花期、吐丝期均有较好的特定配合力。这些基因型可以进一步评估粮食产量和早熟性，并在少雨地区进行商业投放。
{"title":"Estimation of General and Specific Combining Ability of Maize Inbred Lines Using Single Cross Testers for Earliness","authors":"Benard Mbuvi, M. Mwimali, M. Githiri","doi":"10.12691/WJAR-6-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-6-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) is third most consumed crop worldwide after rice and wheat. Maize is the main staple food in sub-Saharan Africa and Kenya, however, production has continuously been low over the past years. A line by tester analysis was carried out for 30 inbred lines and two testers to evaluate the GCA and SCA effects for yield and associated traits at three locations in Kenya during the 2016/2017 growing season. There were significant GCA and SCA mean squares indicating that both additive and non-additive gene effects contributed to the inheritance of the traits studied. Sum of squares of GCA was more than of SCA hence additive main effects contributed more to the inheritance of the traits than non-additive gene effects. Lines 1, 17, 6, 29 and 30 were good general combiners for grain yield. Testcrosses L30×T2 (4.40 t ha-1), L13×T1 (3.85 t ha-1), L20×T1 (3.59 t ha-1) and L9×T1 (3.52 t ha-1) yielded higher than best check mean and had good specific combining ability for grain yield and earliness in anthesis and silking dates. These genotypes can be evaluated further for grain yield and earliness and commercially released for use in areas with short rains.","PeriodicalId":23702,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74612247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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