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Structure-based drug designing for potential antiviral activity of selected natural product against Monkeypox (Mpox) virus and its host targets. 针对猴痘病毒及其宿主靶点的天然产物潜在抗病毒活性的结构药物设计。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00900-y
Vimal K Maurya, Swatantra Kumar, Shivani Maurya, Saniya Ansari, Janusz T Paweska, Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim, Shailendra K Saxena

Monkeypox virus (MPV/MPXV/hMPXV) is a zoonotic infection that is a causative agent of monkeypox disease, which is mainly endemic in West and Central Africa regions, but recent trends suggested that the virus is transmitted around 116 countries worldwide and is still spreading in multiple non-endemic countries, causing global outbreaks. The current therapeutic options for Mpox are limited, with the WHO temporarily recommending smallpox drugs. This suggests an urgent need to discover new therapeutics that may target both viral and host markers involved in the virus life cycle. Curcumin, a polyphenolic natural compound, has broad-spectrum pharmacological activity in both DNA and RNA viruses. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the antiviral properties of curcumin against MPXV proteins as well as induced host targets using computational approaches, such as gene target identification, PPI network analysis, antiviral activity prediction, and molecular docking. Our network pharmacology and docking results demonstrated that curcumin majorly targets Mpox DNA polymerase holoenzyme, Methyltransferase VP39, A42R profilin-like protein, envelope protein E8, and TNF, MAPK, NFKB1, and PTGS2 to regulate host inflammatory pathways such as TNF, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling during Mpox infection. Further, we found that curcumin has a strong binding affinity toward the DNA polymerase of MPXV compared to Cidofovir, an approved inhibitor of DNA polymerase. Collectively, our findings suggested that curcumin may have potential use as a multi-targeted antiviral agent against emerging Mpox, encouraging future research that provides the molecular basis for exploring the role of curcumin as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent during viral outbreaks.

Graphical abstract: The ligand binding site of MPXV DNA polymerase shows the molecular interactions with curcumin and amino acids present on the active site of the protein.

猴痘病毒(MPV/MPXV/hMPXV)是一种人畜共患感染,是猴痘病的病原体,猴痘病主要在西非和中非地区流行,但最近的趋势表明,该病毒在全球116个国家传播,并仍在多个非流行国家传播,造成全球疫情。目前针对m痘的治疗选择是有限的,世卫组织暂时推荐天花药物。这表明迫切需要发现新的治疗方法,可以针对参与病毒生命周期的病毒和宿主标志物。姜黄素是一种多酚类天然化合物,对DNA和RNA病毒均具有广谱药理活性。因此,本研究拟采用基因靶点鉴定、PPI网络分析、抗病毒活性预测、分子对接等计算方法,评价姜黄素对MPXV蛋白及诱导宿主靶点的抗病毒性能。我们的网络药理学和对接结果表明,姜黄素主要靶向m痘DNA聚合酶全酶、甲基转移酶VP39、A42R谱蛋白样蛋白、包膜蛋白E8和TNF、MAPK、NFKB1和PTGS2,调节m痘感染过程中宿主炎症通路如TNF、NF-κB和MAPK信号。此外,我们发现姜黄素对MPXV的DNA聚合酶具有较强的结合亲和力,而西多福韦是一种被批准的DNA聚合酶抑制剂。总之,我们的研究结果表明,姜黄素可能作为一种多靶点抗病毒药物用于新出现的m痘,鼓励未来的研究为探索姜黄素在病毒爆发期间作为广谱抗病毒药物的作用提供分子基础。图形摘要:MPXV DNA聚合酶的配体结合位点显示了与姜黄素和存在于蛋白质活性位点上的氨基酸的分子相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Variation in seed transmission of cowpea viruses between single and multiple infections. 豇豆病毒在单次和多次感染之间的种子传播变异。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00899-2
K E Ogunsola, P Lava Kumar

Seed transmission (ST) plays an important role in virus dispersion and disease epidemiology. Many viruses infecting cowpea are known to be seed-transmitted. This study evaluated the rate of virus ST in cowpea varieties inoculated under screenhouse conditions (SC) with bean common mosaic virus-blackeye cowpea mosaic strain (BCMV-BlCM), Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) under single and multiple-infections. Up to 50 seeds harvested from the virus-infected plants of each variety per treatment were used for the grow-out test under insect-proof SC. Data were recorded on seed germination (SG), symptoms in seedlings, and virus ST. The leaf samples were tested for viruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The SG rate was 78 ± 2.8-100 ± 0% in all treatments. A total of 1.5% of 1,604 seedlings infected singly showed symptoms, whereas in diagnostics testing, viruses were detected in 2.6% of plants, indicating occurrence of asymptomatic ST. The highest rate of transmission observed for single infections was 17% CMV in IT98K-133-1-1, 17.1% BCMV-BlCM in IT98K-503-1, and 2.3% SBMV in IT99K-1060. The highest CMV frequency under coinfection was 22.2% in plants inoculated (PI) with SBMV + CMV, 4.2% for BCMV-BlCM in PI with BCMV-BlCM + CMV and 2.3% for SBMV in PI with BCMV-BlCM + SBMV + CMV. This study indicated high variation in the rates of ST based on cultivar and virus type, and for each virus under mixed-infection conditions. Diagnostic confirmation detected a higher percentage of seed-transmitted viruses compared to visual assessment, warranting the need for diagnostics for the reliable detection of seed-transmitted viruses.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-024-00899-2.

种子传播在病毒传播和疾病流行病学中起着重要作用。众所周知,许多感染豇豆的病毒是通过种子传播的。本研究以豇豆普通花叶病毒-黑眼豇豆花叶株系(BCMV-BlCM)、南豆花叶病毒(SBMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)分别接种于筛房条件(SC)下,评价了单次和多次感染下豇豆品种的ST病毒率。每个处理从每个品种的病毒感染植株上收获50粒种子,在防虫SC下进行生长试验,记录种子萌发(SG)、幼苗症状和病毒ST.的数据,并通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测叶片样本中的病毒。各处理的SG率为78±2.8 ~ 100±0%。1,604株单株感染的幼苗中有1.5%出现症状,而在诊断试验中,有2.6%的植株检测到病毒,表明无症状st的发生。单株感染的最高传播率为IT98K-133-1-1中CMV为17%,IT98K-503-1中BCMV-BlCM为17.1%,IT99K-1060中SBMV为2.3%。SBMV + CMV共侵染下的CMV频率最高,为22.2%,BCMV-BlCM + CMV接种的BCMV-BlCM为4.2%,BCMV-BlCM + SBMV + CMV接种的SBMV为2.3%。该研究表明,不同品种和病毒类型以及混合感染条件下每种病毒的ST率差异很大。与目测评估相比,诊断确认检测到的种子传播病毒百分比更高,因此需要进行诊断以可靠地检测种子传播病毒。补充信息:在线版本包含补充资料,下载地址:10.1007/s13337-024-00899-2。
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引用次数: 0
A sensitive batch detection of banana bunchy top virus using SYBR® Green real-time PCR. SYBR®Green实时荧光定量PCR检测香蕉束顶病毒
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00897-4
Jay-Vee S Mendoza, Fe M Dela Cueva, Jen Daine L Nocum, Anand Noel C Manohar, Roanne R Gardoce, Grace C Lachica, Darlon V Lantican

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is the most destructive viral disease of banana crop in the Philippines. The disease causes heavy damage to important local varieties, 'Lakatan' and 'Cavendish'. Infected planting materials can cause long-term disease transmission causing geographical location to dictate genetic variation among viral strains. Hence, there is a need for an efficient and reliable quarantine detection procedure. This study developed a high-throughput real-time PCR protocol for batch detection of BBTV. A primer set derived from the DNA-R region of the virus was designed for specific BBTV detection. Tests for optimal annealing temperature, sample load, and sensitivity were performed. Finally, the cost per sample was compared to conventional end-point PCR. Optimization of the annealing temperature, from 55.5 ℃ to 63.5 ℃, yielded virus detection. The detection protocol developed was efficient to detect BBTV from a leaf disc measuring up to 5 mm diameter and weight of approximately 3 mg. DNA from infected leaf discs was detectable up to 1:10000 dilution. Sample pooling was detectable up to 1:99 infected to healthy leaf disc ratio. This sensitive and cost-efficient batch detection method for BBTV detection will be useful for quarantine services and various diagnostic applications.

香蕉束顶病毒(BBTV)是菲律宾香蕉作物最具破坏性的病毒性病害。这种疾病对重要的当地品种“Lakatan”和“Cavendish”造成严重损害。受感染的种植材料可引起长期疾病传播,导致地理位置决定病毒株之间的遗传变异。因此,需要一种有效和可靠的检疫检测程序。本研究建立了一种用于分批检测BBTV的高通量实时PCR方法。从病毒DNA-R区提取的引物组设计用于特异性BBTV检测。进行了最佳退火温度、样品负载和灵敏度的测试。最后,将每个样品的成本与传统终点PCR进行比较。优化退火温度,从55.5℃到63.5℃,检测出病毒。所开发的检测方案可以有效地从直径达5毫米、重量约为3毫克的叶片中检测出BBTV。在1:10000稀释条件下,可检测到受感染叶片的DNA。在感染与健康叶片比例为1:99时,可检测到样本池。这种灵敏且经济高效的BBTV批量检测方法可用于隔离服务和各种诊断应用。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring immunogenic CD8 + T-cell epitopes for peptide-based vaccine development against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants: An immunoinformatics approach. 探索免疫原性CD8 + t细胞表位,用于针对不断演变的SARS-CoV-2变体的肽基疫苗开发:免疫信息学方法
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00894-7
Mohd Sultan Khan, Madhvi Shakya, Chandan Kumar Verma

The COVID-19 pandemic originated in Wuhan in 2019 due to a novel SARS-COV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) responsible for the massive number of deaths across the globe. So far, several vaccines have been developed using highly antigenic Spike protein and authorized for emergency use, reducing the severity of the infection. Nonetheless, the virus continues to evolve through multiple mutations, resulting in numerous variants with enhanced transmission that evade the vaccine-induced immune response. Given the persistently mutating nature of the SARS-COV-2 virus, peptide-based vaccines with highly conserved epitopes may offer lasting protection against evolving variants. This study presents an immunoinformatics-based identification of potentially immunogenic CD8 + T-cell epitopes (CTLs) of Spike (S), Membrane (M), Nucleocapsid (N) and Envelope (E) proteins of SARS-COV-2. By utilizing the immunoinformatic approach, 21 epitopes have successfully been evaluated, where 15, 3, 2, and 1 epitopes are respectively from Spike, Membrane, Envelope and Nucleocapsid proteins. Out of these, 20 are found to be identical with experimentally verified immunogenic epitopes, except for the novel NTQEVFAQV epitope from spike protein. These epitopes show a high degree of conservation in both former variants of concerns (VOCs), variants of interest (VOIs) and current variants under monitoring (VUMs), are non-toxic, non-homologous to humans and have a wide range of global population coverage. Furthermore, utilizing molecular docking analysis followed by molecular dynamics simulation, these epitopes have been verified as having stable interactions with their respective HLA molecules. The described framework and projected immunogenic epitopes could significantly impact the development of SARS-COV-2 vaccines based on peptides.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-024-00894-7.

2019年,新型冠状病毒肺炎(SARS-COV-2)在全球造成大量死亡,疫情在武汉爆发。到目前为止,已经开发了几种使用高抗原Spike蛋白的疫苗,并批准紧急使用,从而降低了感染的严重程度。尽管如此,该病毒通过多次突变继续进化,导致许多变异,其传播能力增强,逃避疫苗诱导的免疫反应。鉴于SARS-COV-2病毒的持续突变性质,具有高度保守表位的肽基疫苗可能提供持久的保护,以对抗不断演变的变体。本研究提出了基于免疫信息学的SARS-COV-2刺突(S)、膜(M)、核衣壳(N)和包膜(E)蛋白的潜在免疫原性CD8 + t细胞表位(ctl)的鉴定。利用免疫信息学方法,成功鉴定了21个表位,其中15个、3个、2个和1个表位分别来自Spike蛋白、Membrane蛋白、Envelope蛋白和Nucleocapsid蛋白。其中,20个被发现与实验验证的免疫原性表位相同,除了来自刺突蛋白的新型NTQEVFAQV表位。这些表位在前关注变异体(VOCs)、感兴趣变异体(VOIs)和当前监测变异体(VUMs)中都显示出高度的保守性,它们无毒,与人类非同源,并且具有广泛的全球种群覆盖范围。此外,利用分子对接分析和分子动力学模拟,这些表位已被证实与各自的HLA分子具有稳定的相互作用。所描述的框架和预测的免疫原性表位可能会对基于多肽的SARS-COV-2疫苗的开发产生重大影响。补充信息:在线版本包含补充资料,下载地址:10.1007/s13337-024-00894-7。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in different types of clinical specimens among suspected COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴疑似COVID-19患者不同类型临床标本中SARS-CoV-2 RNA检测比较
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00892-9
Tadesse Lejisa, Rozina Ambachew, Demiraw Bikila, Chala Bashea, Abera Abdeta, Dawit Chala, Natnael Dejene, Habteyes Hailu Tola, Gadissa Bedada Hundie

Although nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) are superior to saliva specimens, saliva can be used as an alternative specimen for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. Moreover, studies have reported contradicting findings on whether SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in urine or not. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of NPSs, saliva and urine specimens in suspected COVID-19 patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study among a total of 604 specimens collected from 219 individuals suspected for COVID-19 from February to July 2022. We recruited participants from two COVID-19 isolation and treatment centers in Addis Ababa. We analyzed the specimens by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with a Cobas 8800 automated system. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in NPS, saliva, and urine samples was measured by cycle threshold (Ct) values. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percent, and mean with standard deviation were used to summarize participants characteristics. We conducted chi-square test to compare RT‒PCR results of NPS, saliva and urine specimens. All data was analyzed by SPSS version 27, and the level of significance was set at a p value ≤ 0.05. Of the 219 participants, 126 (57.5%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 either from NPS, saliva, urine or all specimens. The rate of SARS-CoV-2 detection was significantly higher in NPS (53.9%) than in saliva (35.2%; p = 0.001) and urine (9.0%; p = 0.001) specimens. The percentage of positive agreement between NPS and saliva was 92.2%, while negative agreement was 66.9%. The overall agreement between NPS and saliva was 75.8% (K = 0.53, p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant correlation in Ct values of both ORF1ab and E genes between the paired NPS and saliva specimens. There was significant positive correlation between NPS and saliva specimens Ct values of both ORF1ab and E genes and days from onset of symptoms to specimen collection. SARS-CoV-2 was significantly detected in NPS than in saliva and urine specimens. Although NPS is better for SARS-CoV-2 detection, saliva specimen can be used as an alternative clinical specimen in resource-limited settings where access to swabs is limited. Both saliva and urine could be sources of viral transmission.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-024-00892-9.

虽然鼻咽拭子(nps)优于唾液标本,但唾液可作为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)检测的替代标本。此外,关于尿液中是否可以检测到SARS-CoV-2,研究报告了相互矛盾的结果。因此,我们旨在评估nps、唾液和尿液标本对疑似COVID-19患者的诊断价值。我们对2022年2月至7月从219名COVID-19疑似病例中采集的604份标本进行了横断面研究。我们从亚的斯亚贝巴的两个COVID-19隔离和治疗中心招募了参与者。采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR), Cobas 8800自动检测系统对标本进行分析。通过循环阈值(Ct)值测量NPS、唾液和尿液样本中SARS-CoV-2的存在。描述性统计,如频率,百分比,平均值与标准差被用来总结参与者的特征。我们采用卡方检验比较NPS、唾液和尿液标本的RT-PCR结果。所有数据采用SPSS 27版分析,p值≤0.05。在219名参与者中,126人(57.5%)从NPS、唾液、尿液或所有标本中检测出SARS-CoV-2阳性。NPS中SARS-CoV-2检出率(53.9%)显著高于唾液(35.2%);P = 0.001)和尿(9.0%;P = 0.001)标本。NPS与唾液阳性率为92.2%,阴性阳性率为66.9%。NPS与唾液的总体一致性为75.8% (K = 0.53, p)。补充信息:在线版本包含补充资料,可在10.1007/s13337-024-00892-9获得。
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引用次数: 0
Burden of rotavirus and adenovirus gastroenteritis in children and adults hospitalized in two geo-climatically different provinces of Sri Lanka. 斯里兰卡两个地理气候不同省份住院儿童和成人的轮状病毒和腺病毒胃肠炎负担
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00893-8
N P Sunil-Chandra, M V M L Jayasundara, B C G Mendis, D M P V Dissanayaka

Acute gastroenteritis is common in infants and children of Sri Lanka. There is limited information on the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children in Sri Lanka but none in adults. Adenovirus gastroenteritis is not previously reported in Sri Lanka. This study is aimed to determine the viral etiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized infants, children and adults of two geo-climatically different provinces of Sri Lanka. Diarrhoeic specimens from patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Western (n = 300) and Central (n = 271) provinces of Sri Lanka were tested for rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. In Western and Central provinces, overall positivity was 25.3 and 44.7% for rotavirus, 1.7 and 3.3% for enteric adenoviruses and, 0.7 and 1.5% for co-infections with rotavirus and adenovirus respectively. In children of Western and Central provinces, the positivity was 32.1 and 52.9% for rotavirus, and 2.2 and 3.4% for enteric adenoviruses respectively, whereas among adults, the positivity was 13.9 and 15.6% for rotavirus, and 0.9 and 0% for enteric adenoviruses respectively. Occurrence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children is significantly higher compared to adults in both Western and Central provinces. Adenovirus gastroenteritis in Sri Lanka occurs at a very low frequency with no significant difference between children and adults in both provinces. Rotavirus and adenovirus co-infection also occurs at a very low frequency.

急性肠胃炎在斯里兰卡的婴儿和儿童中很常见。关于斯里兰卡婴儿和儿童轮状病毒胃肠炎负担的信息有限,但没有关于成人的信息。在斯里兰卡以前没有腺病毒胃肠炎的报告。本研究旨在确定斯里兰卡两个地理气候不同省份住院婴儿、儿童和成人急性肠胃炎的病毒病因。采用酶联免疫吸附试验对斯里兰卡西部省(n = 300)和中部省(n = 271)急性胃肠炎住院患者的腹泻标本进行轮状病毒和肠腺病毒抗原检测。在中西部省份,轮状病毒总体阳性率分别为25.3%和44.7%,肠道腺病毒总体阳性率分别为1.7%和3.3%,轮状病毒和腺病毒合并感染总体阳性率分别为0.7%和1.5%。西部和中部省份儿童轮状病毒阳性率分别为32.1%和52.9%,肠道腺病毒阳性率分别为2.2%和3.4%,成人轮状病毒阳性率分别为13.9%和15.6%,肠道腺病毒阳性率分别为0.9%和0%。在西部和中部省份,住院儿童中轮状病毒胃肠炎的发生率明显高于成人。在斯里兰卡,腺病毒胃肠炎发生的频率很低,两省儿童和成人之间无显著差异。轮状病毒和腺病毒合并感染的发生率也很低。
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引用次数: 0
New thiourea derivatives that target the episomal silencing SMC5 protein to inhibit HBx-dependent viral DNA replication and gene transcription. 新型硫脲衍生物可靶向表观沉默 SMC5 蛋白,抑制依赖 HBx 的病毒 DNA 复制和基因转录。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00895-6
Jitendra Kumar, Ankita Singh, Purnima Tyagi, Deepti Sharma, Shiv Kumar Sarin, Vijay Kumar

Antivirals such as nucleotide analogs (NAs) are potent inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. However, NAs fail to diminish the signaling and mitogenic activities of the transactivator HBx protein. Earlier we have shown that thiourea derivative IR-415 (DSA-00) targeted HBx to down-regulate its target viral and host genes. However, the molecular mechanism of its antiviral action is poorly understood. Here we investigated the anti-HBV properties of DSA-00 and its new derivatives in cell culture models. DSA-00 and its derivatives DSA-02 and DSA-09 not only suppressed HBV DNA levels similar to well-known antiviral Entecavir but also diminished the expression of pgRNA and secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg. Apparently, the three DSA derivatives inhibited the viral pregenomic RNA expression by stabilizing the episomal DNA silencing protein SMC5, suppressed transcription from viral and host gene promoters, and normalized intracellular CDK2 activity. As none the compounds are reportedly cytotoxic, thiourea derivatives could be good candidates for developing future antivirals for a functional cure of hepatitis B infection.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-024-00895-6.

抗病毒药物如核苷酸类似物(NAs)是乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制的有效抑制剂。然而,NAs不能降低HBx反激活子蛋白的信号传导和有丝分裂活性。先前我们已经证明硫脲衍生物IR-415 (DSA-00)靶向HBx下调其靶病毒和宿主基因。然而,其抗病毒作用的分子机制尚不清楚。我们在细胞培养模型中研究了DSA-00及其新衍生物的抗hbv特性。DSA-00及其衍生物DSA-02和DSA-09不仅抑制HBV DNA水平,类似于众所周知的抗病毒药物恩替卡韦,而且还降低pgRNA的表达和HBsAg和HBeAg的分泌。显然,这三种DSA衍生物通过稳定表观DNA沉默蛋白SMC5,抑制病毒和宿主基因启动子的转录,以及正常化细胞内CDK2活性来抑制病毒基因组前RNA的表达。由于这些化合物都没有细胞毒性,硫脲衍生物可能是开发未来抗病毒药物的良好候选者,用于功能性治愈乙型肝炎感染。补充信息:在线版本包含补充资料,可在10.1007/s13337-024- 00896 -6获得。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of nine putative novel members of plant-infecting alphaflexiviruses in public domain plant transcriptomes. 在公共领域植物转录组中鉴定9个可能感染植物的甲曲病毒新成员。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00898-3
B Sravani, V Kavi Sidharthan, Vijayprakash Reddy

Plant-infecting alphaflexiviruses cause moderate to severe diseases in economically important crops worldwide. In the present study, we identified nine putative novel alphaflexiviruses in nine plant species by exploring the publicly available plant transcriptome data in Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. Coding-complete genomes of all the identified viruses were recovered and contained five to six open reading frames (ORFs). ORFs 1-5 encode replicase (Rep), triple gene block (TGB) proteins 1-3 and coat protein (CP), respectively. The additional ORF6, identified in two viruses, encoded the nucleic acid-binding (NB) protein or a protein with no significant similarity to known viral sequences. Genome organization of the first alphaflexivirus identified in a gymnospermic host (black pine potex-like virus 1-BlpPV1) slightly differed from that of known alphaflexiviruses and formed a distinct sub-clade in phylogenetic analysis. Thus, BlpPV1 can represent a novel taxon within the family Alphaflexiviridae. Based on phylogeny, sequence similarity to known members and sequence-based species demarcation criteria, six other identified viruses were tentatively assigned to the genera Potexvirus (4), Lolavirus (1) and Mandarivirus (1), while the two lola-like viruses may potentially represent a new genus. Further studies are needed to understand the biology and geographical spread of identified novel viruses.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-024-00898-3.

侵染植物的甲曲病毒在世界范围内的重要经济作物中引起中度至重度疾病。在本研究中,我们通过探索Sequence Read Archive (SRA)数据库中公开的植物转录组数据,在9个植物物种中鉴定出9种推测的新型甲型流感病毒。所有鉴定的病毒的编码完整基因组均被恢复,并包含5 - 6个开放阅读框(orf)。orf1 -5分别编码复制酶(Rep)、三基因块(TGB)蛋白1-3和外壳蛋白(CP)。在两种病毒中发现的额外ORF6编码了核酸结合(NB)蛋白或与已知病毒序列无显著相似性的蛋白质。在裸子植物宿主中发现的首个甲型流感病毒(黑松马铃薯样病毒1-BlpPV1)的基因组结构与已知甲型流感病毒略有不同,在系统发育分析中形成了一个独特的亚支系。因此,BlpPV1可能代表了甲流病毒科中的一个新分类单元。基于系统发育、与已知病毒的序列相似性和基于序列的种划分标准,另外6种已鉴定的病毒初步归属于Potexvirus(4)、Lolavirus(1)和Mandarivirus(1)属,而这2种类似lola的病毒可能代表一个新属。需要进一步研究以了解已确定的新型病毒的生物学和地理传播。补充信息:在线版本包含补充资料,下载地址:10.1007/s13337-024-00898-3。
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引用次数: 0
Re-emerging Chandipura vesiculovirus: A cause of concern for global health. 再次出现的钱迪普拉水泡病毒:全球健康的隐忧。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00896-5
Abhishek Padhi, Ashwini Agarwal, Praggya Mishra, Ekta Gupta, Swatantra Kumar, C D S Katoch, Shailendra K Saxena

Chandipura vesiculovirus (CHPV) is an emerging neurotropic virus primarily affecting children and causing acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in India. The virus, transmitted mainly by sand flies, has led to multiple outbreaks with high mortality rates, particularly in rural and resource-limited settings. CHPV infection is characterized by rapid disease progression, with symptoms ranging from fever and seizures to coma and death, often within 24 to 48 h of onset. The current management of CHPV is limited to supportive care due to the lack of specific antiviral therapies. Diagnosis relies on laboratory methods such as RT-PCR, serology, and immunofluorescence, though these face challenges due to the rapid progression of the disease and the need for timely sample collection and analysis. Prevention strategies are focused on vector control through insecticide use and public health interventions, including community education and early detection programs. Despite some progress in understanding CHPV, significant research gaps remain, particularly in developing effective antiviral treatments and vaccines, understanding transmission dynamics, and improving diagnostic capabilities. The potential for the virus to spread globally due to factors like climate change and increased human movement underscores the need for international collaboration in surveillance and response efforts. Strengthening public health infrastructure, enhancing vector control measures, and fostering global partnerships are crucial steps toward mitigating the impact of CHPV and preventing future outbreaks. Continued research and proactive public health strategies are essential to protect vulnerable populations and control the spread of this potentially deadly virus.

昌迪普拉囊状病毒(Chandipura vesiculovirus,CHPV)是一种新出现的神经性病毒,在印度主要影响儿童并导致急性脑炎综合症(AES)。该病毒主要通过沙蝇传播,已导致多次爆发,死亡率很高,尤其是在农村和资源有限的环境中。CHPV 感染的特点是疾病进展迅速,症状从发烧、抽搐到昏迷和死亡,通常在发病后 24 至 48 小时内出现。由于缺乏特异性抗病毒疗法,目前对 CHPV 的治疗仅限于支持性护理。诊断主要依靠 RT-PCR、血清学和免疫荧光等实验室方法,但由于病情发展迅速,且需要及时采集和分析样本,这些方法面临着挑战。预防策略的重点是通过使用杀虫剂控制病媒,并采取公共卫生干预措施,包括社区教育和早期检测计划。尽管在了解 CHPV 方面取得了一些进展,但研究工作仍存在很大差距,特别是在开发有效的抗病毒治疗方法和疫苗、了解传播动态和提高诊断能力方面。由于气候变化和人员流动增加等因素,该病毒有可能在全球范围内传播,这凸显了在监测和应对工作中开展国际合作的必要性。加强公共卫生基础设施、强化病媒控制措施和促进全球合作伙伴关系是减轻 CHPV 影响和预防未来疫情爆发的关键步骤。持续研究和积极主动的公共卫生战略对于保护易感人群和控制这种潜在致命病毒的传播至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic evolution of peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep and goat hosts across India reveals the swift surge of F gene. 小反刍兽疫病毒在印度各地绵羊和山羊宿主中的动态进化揭示了 F 基因的迅速飙升。
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00890-x
Varsha Ramesh, Kuralayanapalya P Suresh, Shijili Mambully, Swati Rani, Rakshit Ojha, Kirubakaran V Kumar, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an acute febrile viral disease impacting goats and sheep flocks, manifests with pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, pneumonia, and enteritis. The disease-instigating agent, PPR virus, pertains to the Morbillivirus caprinae genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. The endemic presence of PPR in India results in notable economic losses due to heightened mortality and morbidity in infected animals. Understanding viral pathogen evolution is pivotal for delineating their emergence in diverse environments. This study explores the molecular evolutionary patterns of PPRV, concentrating on the N and F structural genes isolated from Indian sheep and goats. Analyzing evolutionary rate, phylogenetics, selection pressure, and codon usage bias, we determined the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) as 1984, 1973, 2000, and 2004 for goat and sheep's N and F genes, respectively, with evolutionary rates ranging from 2.859 x 103 to 4.995 x 104. The F-gene is found to exhibit a faster evolution than the N-gene, indicating apparent virus transmission across the regions of India, as supported by phylogenetic analysis. Codon usage bias examination, incorporating nucleotide composition and various plots (effective number of codon plot, parity plot, neutrality plot), suggests the evolution in India influenced by both natural selection and mutational pressure, resulting in alterations in the virus's codon bias. The integrated analysis underscores the significant role of selection pressures, implying PPRV's co-evolution and adaptations influenced by various genes. Insights from this study can guide effective disease control and vaccine development, aiding in managing PPR outbreaks in India and beyond.

小反刍兽疫(PPR)是一种影响山羊和绵羊群的急性发热性病毒病,表现为热病、粘液脓性鼻腔和眼分泌物、坏死性和侵蚀性口腔炎、肺炎和肠炎。致病原 PPR 病毒属于副粘病毒科帽状病毒属。由于受感染动物的死亡率和发病率上升,PPR 在印度的流行导致了显著的经济损失。了解病毒病原体的进化对于确定其在不同环境中的出现至关重要。本研究探讨了 PPRV 的分子进化模式,重点研究了从印度绵羊和山羊中分离出来的 N 和 F 结构基因。通过分析进化速度、系统发育、选择压力和密码子使用偏差,我们确定山羊和绵羊的 N 和 F 基因的最近共同祖先(tMRCA)时间分别为 1984 年、1973 年、2000 年和 2004 年,进化速度从 2.859 x 103 到 4.995 x 104 不等。F 基因的进化速度快于 N 基因,这表明病毒在印度各地区的传播速度明显加快,系统进化分析也证明了这一点。结合核苷酸组成和各种图谱(有效密码子数图谱、奇偶性图谱、中性图谱)对密码子使用偏向的研究表明,印度的进化受到自然选择和突变压力的影响,导致病毒的密码子偏向发生变化。综合分析强调了选择压力的重要作用,这意味着 PPRV 的共同进化和适应性受到各种基因的影响。这项研究的见解可以指导有效的疾病控制和疫苗开发,帮助管理印度及其他地区的 PPR 疫情。
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引用次数: 0
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