Water Resources and Industry最新文献

Chemical wastewater from industrial and urban activities is a major environmental concern. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as efficient techniques for the removal of persistent organic pollutants from wastewater. AOPs generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) that effectively degrade and mineralize a wide range of organic contaminants in aqueous solutions. Research is ongoing to find simple and efficient reactor designs for AOPs. Water falling film (WFF) reactor designs have been effectively utilized for the removal of various organic pollutants from wastewater. This review provides an overview of the development and application of WFF reactor designs for organic pollutants degradation by various AOPs. This work summarizes recent studies on treating organic pollutants, highlights current challenges in applying WFF reactors for water treatment using AOPs, and proposes future research directions. The review aims to guide researchers and stimulate further investigations into practical applications of WFF reactors in wastewater treatment.

Clofibric acid (CFA), an important blood-lipid regulatory drug is an emerging organic pollutant and widely reported in water resources. A novel bimetallic, bismuth/zero valent cupper (Bi/Cu⁰) catalyst was prepared which showed better physiological, structural, and catalytic properties than Cu⁰. The Bi/Cu⁰ effectively catalyzed persulfate (S₂O₈²⁻) and caused 85% degradation of CFA. The Bi coupling improved reusability and stability of Cu⁰. The use of alcoholic and anionic radical scavengers and analyzing change in [S₂O₈²⁻]₀ proved that Bi/Cu⁰/S₂O₈²⁻ yield hydroxyl radicals (^●OH) and sulfate radicals (SO₄^●–). The ^●OH and SO₄^●– showed faster reaction with CFA, i.e., 4.65 $\times$ 10⁹ and 3.82 $\times$ 10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ and degraded CFA into four degradation products. Under optimal conditions of [Bi/Cu⁰]₀ = 1.0 g/L and [S₂O₈²⁻]₀ = 40 mg/L, 99.5% degradation of the 10 mg/L of CFA was achieved at 65 min. Temperature showed promising effects on the removal of CFA by Bi/Cu⁰/S₂O₈²⁻ and caused 98% removal at 323 K than 75% at 298 K at 32 min. The temperature effects were used to calculate activation energy, enthalpy, and rate constant of CFA degradation. The Bi/Cu⁰/S₂O₈²⁻ showed effective removal of CFA in real water samples also. The ecotoxicity study confirmed non-toxic product formation which suggests high capability of the proposed technology in the treatment of CFA.

An innovative approach to remediate oilfield produced water, a major environmental pollutant from the oil and gas industry has been demonstrated in this study. The technique combines: invasive wetland plant (Pistia stratiotes) used in absorbing and metabolizing hydrocarbons present in the oilfield formation water, biosurfactant from indigenous Bacteria making them more accessible for degradation and fertilizer NPK act as biostimulator. The main objectives of this technique are to remediate Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in an environmentally friendly manner to be a potential for the petroleum sector. The success of the technique is supported by the results of GC-MS analysis, which detected no hydrocarbon compounds in treated water. However, after treatment using the proposed combination 90.1% of the TPH was degraded, and the remaining 9.9% was adsorbed by the biomaterials. Thus, this study would present a potential breakthrough in the ongoing battle against pollution caused by the oil and gas industry.

Desalination has become an attractive option for addressing water needs or solving problems of increasing water scarcity and short-term supply interruptions. However, several negative environmental impacts are associated with the resulting brine, for which a range of treatment, recovery, and disposal technologies have been suggested in the academic literature. Despite this, the technological emphasis fails to explain the absence of sustainable practices in many countries or the roles and responsibilities of involved actors. There is also a lack of consistent conceptualizations that include regulatory and governance-related issues. In this review paper, we examined the brine management issue in desalination activities as a socio-technical issue that needs to be embedded more strongly within governance and regulatory frameworks. Case experiences and options related to command and control, economic regulation, market-based approaches and public support are discussed and linked with brine management practices. This review paper shows that baseline regulations such as standards, assessments, and thresholds are still emerging, but they need to be complemented by approaches focusing on desalination costs and environmental performance. Overall, cross-sectoral collaboration in designing local brine regulation options is important for solving the brine issue. There is a need to create a joint action arena between the desalination industry, the public sector, and actors involved in innovations related to brine management. Besides, public leadership, through providing incentives and investments, is highly valuable for sustainable brine management. This leadership should address the cost of brine treatment or the required infrastructural development.

The current study assesses the reuse potential of highway runoff water instead of fresh water in textile wet processing. Specific standard and batch fabric samples of selected reactive dyes were prepared in the laboratory using highway runoff water in the dyeing and washing stages of wet processing, and the quality of these fabric samples was assessed in terms of color difference properties, color strength properties, and color fastness properties. Batch 1 and batch 2 fabric samples, where highway runoff water was used in dyeing and washing, respectively, show excellent quality, whereas batch 3 fabric samples, where highway runoff water was used simultaneously in dyeing and washing stages, showed unreliable results. The total color difference value (DE*_CMC) was found to be 0.14 to 0.75, 0.77 to 0.96, and 0.88 to 3.34 for batch 1, batch 2, and batch 3 fabric samples. Regarding color fastness to washing and crocking, dyeing quality ranges from very good to outstanding for batch 1, good to outstanding for batch 2, and moderate to excellent for batch 3 fabric samples.

Although new types of composites with magnetic properties and high adsorption capacity for potentially toxic elements elimination are studied by researcherers, the information about the reusability, stability and removal efficiency of composites is still scarce or absent. Therefore, the aim of our work was applicate the sorbent to eliminate Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from industrial waste leachates, and moreover, study the composite reusability and magnetic separation efficiency. Magnetically modified biochar was prepared from the fermentation residue of maise hybrid by a simple two-step method with microwave assistance. Composite properties, as well as the adsorption efficiency and magnetic response are depend on the extraction agent. The alkaline extraction agent showed the best properties for reusability and had no influence on Fe releasing from the composite, the adsorption efficiency was higher than 90% even in the 5^th recycling cycle, and the composite remained magnetically active. The separation efficiency of composite from an aqueous environment by a magnet was higher than 95% within 15 min. Magnetically modified biochar proved to be an effective sorbent for metal ions elimination from wastewater.

This review evaluates selected advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) - cavitation and photocatalysis - successfully used for wastewater treatment towards degradation of Rhodamine (Rh) dyes. Reactor configuration and impact of process parameters and oxidants addition (hydrogen peroxide, ozone, persulfates) on degradation effectiveness along with degradation mechanisms are discussed. Best technologies provide 100% degradation within 10–30 min. Rhodamine B is effectively degraded in highly acidic conditions (pH 2), while Rhodamine 6G requires basic conditions (pH 10). The most effective oxidants were hydrogen peroxide and ozone. Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) revealed acute toxicities of the intermediates and by-products of the Rh dye.