Water Resources and Industry最新文献

{"title":"Study on the spatial spillover effect of reclaimed water utilization efficiency in water environment-sensitive areas with heterogeneous technology","authors":"Wei Jin,&nbsp;Shuhan Gao,&nbsp;Wei Jiang,&nbsp;Huimin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a key path to alleviate the double pressure of economic and social development and ecological environment protection in water-sensitive areas, reclaimed water is of great significance to coordinately promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth. This paper uses the three-stage Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model to measure the efficiency of recycled water utilization in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and based on the characteristics of technological heterogeneity, systematically exploring the spatial correlation mechanism of recycled water utilization. The results show that: firstly, after excluding external environmental factors and random factors, the utilization efficiency of reclaimed water in different cities decreased significantly compared with before improvement. The utilization efficiency of recycled water in each city has dropped significantly compared with that before excluding external environmental factors and random factors. Secondly, government policy incentive is the key factor to improve the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization, and the leading role of science and technology innovation is limited to the cluster frontier in the low innovation level area. Thirdly, from the perspective of spatial spillover effect, the resident population significantly improved the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization in the region while suppressing the efficiency value of surrounding areas; the construction of water supply and drainage infrastructure inhibits the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization in all regions. Therefore, local governments should guide the use of reclaimed water through policy formulation and attach importance to technological innovation oriented by environmental protection. Optimize the construction of reclaimed water infrastructure based on the relationship between supply and demand, and improve the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization, so as to achieve the harmonious development of man and nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced evaluation of performance of machine learning models for soapstock splitting optimisation under uncertainty","authors":"Bartosz Szeląg ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Barbusiński ,&nbsp;Michał Stachura ,&nbsp;Przemysław Kowal ,&nbsp;Adam Kiczko ,&nbsp;Eldon R. Rene","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a computational framework for the prediction and optimisation of soapstock splitting under conditions of limited measurement data and input uncertainty. The objective was to evaluate and select the modeling approaches based on (i) data availability, (ii) model complexity, (iii) predictive accuracy, and (iv) sensitivity to input uncertainty. Machine learning algorithms—Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Support Vector Machines (SVM)—were assessed in comparison with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). XGBoost provided the most accurate predictions for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic phosphorus (P_org), while SVM performed best for acid number (AN). K-means clustering identified specific input domains where RSM models could effectively substitute for XGBoost, offering a balance between simplicity and performance. GSA showed that the key influence on P_org (organic phosphorus), COD (chemical oxygen demand) and AN (acid number) was the phosphorus content of the oil, and less important were the operational parameters of the soapstock splitting system. Multi-criteria optimisation under uncertainty using a genetic algorithm (NSGA II) showed a significant influence of phosphorus content uncertainty on the choice of soapstock splitting operating conditions. These findings underscore the importance of accurate phosphorus quantification and support the development of robust, data-efficient computational tools for the monitoring, prediction, and optimisation of complex industrial processes such as soapstock splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grey water footprint of stone-cutting and processing industry","authors":"MohammadMehdi Fowzi,&nbsp;Keivan Arastou,&nbsp;Shervin Jamshidi","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grey water footprint (GWF) indicates the equivalent freshwater volume required for assimilating the pollution load discharged from a production. This study evaluated the GWF of stone cutting and processing (SCP) industry by analyzing multiple hazardous pollutants in wastewater directly. Here, the contaminants were bisphenol-A (BPA), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and cresols. Samples were collected separately from the effluent of three large factories at a specialized SCP industrial park, located at Isfahan province, central Iran. These factories use typical processes for cutting and polishing raw marble and travertine derived from three different mines. Results revealed that BPA was the critical pollutant for GWF assessment in all factories as its concentration reached about 2.3 mg/l due to resin application. Yet, the pollutants concentrations were not significantly different among the three effluents. The GWF ranged between 674.9 m³/ton (marble) and 597.9 m³/ton (travertine) with an average of 638.1 m³/ton. The calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) for BPA was also 936 ± 17. Therefore, optimizing epoxy resin application and controlling its discharge can simultaneously reduce the GWF and associated environmental risks. Future research should focus on developing efficient treatment strategies to mitigate the impacts of hazardous pollutants in SCP wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can micropollutants act as mutagens? A case study of surface runoff, riverine water and sediments in Poland, central Europe","authors":"Justyna Rybak ,&nbsp;Joanna Struk-Sokołowska ,&nbsp;Urszula Kotowska ,&nbsp;Ewa Szalińska ,&nbsp;Paulina Orlińska-Woźniak ,&nbsp;Paweł Wilk ,&nbsp;Damian Bojanowski ,&nbsp;Magdalena Wróbel ,&nbsp;Martyna Grzegorzek ,&nbsp;Dariusz Kiejza ,&nbsp;Bartosz Kaźmierczak","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water contamination is a longstanding global issue with micropollutants (MPs) posing risks to ecosystems and human health. This study aimed to: (i) identify 10 benzotriazoles (BTRs) and 10 bisphenols (BPs) in a mid-sized agricultural catchment, (ii) estimate daily loads of hazardous MPs and assess their environmental risks (iii) evaluate the mutagenicity of surface runoff (SR), riverine water (RW), supernatant from bottom sediment (SBS) and suspended sediments (SS) from the Wełna River catchment (Oder River basin, Poland). Samples were collected in October 2022 and January 2023. BTRs and BPs were analysed using USAEME and GC-MS, mutagenicity was assessed via microplate Ames MPF test. 5Cl-BTR was detected in all samples, BPA appeared in 71.4 %, the highest concentrations were 16,393 ng/L for 5Cl-BTR and 99,998 ng/L for BPAP. The Ames test confirmed mutagenicity in all collected sampleswith higher levels in autumn than in winter. Environmental risk assessment classified most BTRs as low-risk, except 1H-BTR, 5Cl-BTR and UV-P (medium) while BPs posed low to high risks. Findings confirm the presence of MPs in aquatic environments and their potential mutagenic effects although other pollutants may also contribute.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing trickling filter Systems: Comparative analysis of integrated municipal wastewater treatment configurations within a biorefinery framework","authors":"Behnam Askari Lasaki,&nbsp;Peter Maurer,&nbsp;Harald Schönberger","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing the integration of trickling filter (TF) with various configurations, such as primary settling tanks (PST), microscreening (MS), and ion exchange (IE), is a valuable research endeavor. Most studies in the area of municipal wastewater treatment have researched components like PSTs and TFs individually. However, looking carefully through the literature reveals a limited comprehensive study focused on configurations like PST+TF, PST + MS + TF, or PST + MS + IE + TF. Given this gap, a pilot-scale study consisting of the two mentioned configurations along with the PST + TF system was set up at the water and wastewater research center of the University of Stuttgart, Germany, considering the worst-case scenario for temperature conditions and monitored intermittently over two years. The study was conducted under three different scenarios based on different biological loads, ranging from very high Organic and Nitrogen Loading Rate (OLR and NLR, respectively); S1 (OLR = 3.7 kg TCOD m⁻³ d⁻¹, NLR = 2.4 g NH₄⁺-N m⁻² d⁻¹), S2 (OLR = 3.0 kg TCOD m⁻³ d⁻¹, NLR = 1.4 g NH₄⁺-N m⁻² d⁻¹), down to very deficit, S3 (OLR = 1.5 kg TCOD m⁻³ d⁻¹, NLR = 0.5 g NH₄⁺-N m⁻² d⁻¹). Since the defined integrated system consists of energy and cost-effective methods like MS, IE, and TF, it can help to promote a biorefinery with sustainable process performance, particularly in terms of water reuse and resource recovery pathways. The results showed significant reductions in soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), with SCOD removal efficiencies of 30 %, 50 %, and 70 % for S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Nitrogenous pollutant removal demonstrated enhanced nitrification at lower OLRs, with ammonium removal efficiencies of 20 %, 60 %, and 80 % across scenarios. Organic micropollutants (MPs) removal was also assessed under different scenarios, with results indicating that a maximum removal efficiency of 40 % is achievable under S3 (low-loaded scenario), as determined using SAK₂₅₄ (adsorption coefficient at a wavelength of 254 nm). These results demonstrate the TF system's capacity to effectively remove pollutants under even deficit loading conditions, making it an ideal choice for integrating energy-efficient technologies, such as MS and IE, for sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporated with green synthesized iron nanoparticles for toxic dyes sequestration from textile wastewater","authors":"Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba ,&nbsp;Cynthia Chukwuemeka ,&nbsp;Jonah Chukwudi Umeuzuegbu ,&nbsp;Nwanneka Chibuzo Mmonwuba ,&nbsp;Ugochukwu Ewuzie ,&nbsp;Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo ,&nbsp;Valentine Chikaodili Anadebe ,&nbsp;Saheed Mustapha ,&nbsp;Ambali Saka Abdulkareem ,&nbsp;Jimoh Oladejo Tijani ,&nbsp;Ashish Patel ,&nbsp;Virendra Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AM-MWCNTs) integrated with zerovalent iron nanoparticles (ZVI) synthesized using cashew leaf (<em>Anacardium occidentale</em>) extract (AM-MWCNTs@ZVI) for the removal of Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes from textile industrial wastewater. The nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, HRSEM, and HRTEM analyses, confirming its functional groups, crystalline structure, and enhanced surface area of 1050.4 m²/g. The ecological risk degree of the textile pollutants was assessed to determine the percentage concentrations of crystal violet, Congo red, methyl orange, methylene blue and rhodamine B. Batch adsorption experiments identified optimal parameters as pH 4 for CR and pH 8 for MB, contact time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage of 40 mg/L, and temperature of 40 °C. The Temkin isotherm model best described the adsorption process. Particularly, the maximum adsorption capacities of 450 mg/g and 422 mg/g were evaluated for CR and MB, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetics indicated chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The nanocomposite demonstrated reusability with 88 % and 85 % removal efficiency for CR and MB, respectively, after six cycles. These results highlight AM-MWCNTs@ZVI as an effective, recyclable adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the water quality and microbial regrowth in drinking water treatment plants and the distribution network","authors":"Siphelele Nduli ,&nbsp;Memory Tekere ,&nbsp;Vhahangwele Masindi ,&nbsp;Spyros Foteinis","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recurring contamination of drinking water and microbial regrowth in distribution networks remains an issue of prime concern to water provision authorities. This is common in the developing world, where aging and under-developed infrastructure along with degraded freshwater resources exacerbate the problem. Here, the year-round measurements, on a weekly basis, of the quality of drinking water from a typical water treatment and distribution system in the South African setting are reported. Results confirmed that the drinking water treatment plants under study rely on heavily degraded freshwater, mainly affected by microbial contamination which could suggest the release of untreated or poorly treated wastewater in receiving water bodies, a common problem in low-and-medium-income countries (LMICs). In most cases, freshwater was effectively treated (e.g., 100% removal for <em>E. coli</em> and over 99%, 92%, and 83% removal for total coliforms, turbidity, and colour, respectively) to meet the drinking water quality standards for South Africa and the world health organisation (WHO) guidelines. Yet, in some monthly measurements, certain contaminants such as ammonia were above the prescribed limits, suggesting the need to operationally improve water treatment and/or curbing the release of untreated or poorly treated wastewater in the catchment. Alarmingly, microbial regrowth was identified within the distribution networks, and this was significantly correlated (p &lt; 0.01) with the distance (from 0 to 101 km) that the water travels within each distribution network and nodes. Also, large seasonal variations in the water quality were observed, with water quality being poorer during winter, likely tracing back to environmental factors in combination with parts of the distribution system being laid proximal to the surface or above ground. Overall, a clear correlation between the chlorine concentration and microbial failure was observed. This could be attributed to high chlorine demand, which devoids the system of residual chlorine, thus, to a larger extent, creating an environment that is conducive to microbial regrowth. Therefore, it can be concluded that high chlorine demand is the main contributor towards microbial regrowth within the water distribution networks, and, as such, comprehensive chlorine demand and decay studies are needed to identify whether chlorine booster stations are required, particularly at the distal ends of the network. This will inform the sustainable top-up of chlorine residual in the distributed water, hence effectively suppressing microbial regrowth. Albeit, high chlorine levels are not a panacea, since these can lead to the formation of toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs). Therefore, first and foremost, focus should be placed on safeguarding the quality of freshwater resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and future chloride concentrations in a large river - will a disaster happen again?","authors":"Ewa Szalińska ,&nbsp;Jacek Motyka ,&nbsp;Kajetan d’Obyrn ,&nbsp;Paulina Orlińska-Woźniak ,&nbsp;Elżbieta Nachlik ,&nbsp;Andrzej Mączałowski ,&nbsp;Paweł Wilk","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorides are considered as an important factor promoting the development of the golden algae (<em>Prymnesium parvum)</em> and their presence was crucial during the Oder River ecological disaster in 2022. Since industrial waters from mining activities in the Upper Silesia region are discharged not only into the Oder River, but also into the other large European River (Vistula), there is growing concern about a possible re-occurrence of such an event. Combining catchment modeling and in-situ monitoring, the impact of mining discharges from 17 active and inactive hard coal mines on the calculation profile of the Vistula River, located in a potential risk zone of golden algal blooms, has been investigated. Moreover, future chloride concentrations have been predicted through model simulations for two time horizons: near- (2024–2050) and far-future (2074–2099), and for two Representative Concentration Pathways: RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The results showed significant variability in chloride concentrations with monitoring data, indicating concentrations already exceeding those observed during severe algal bloom events. Furthermore, despite the selected scenario and time horizons, the simulated chloride concentrations may still promote golden algae development under both dry- and wet-climate scenarios, with extreme values potentially surpassing 3000 mg/L. Our results emphasize the urgent need for proactive water management strategies to reduce chloride contamination, and to protect aquatic ecosystems in this river. Failure to act in this area may lead to a repetition of catastrophic ecological events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lab-scale experiments with a monovalent ion selective membrane capacitive deionization for nitrate removal","authors":"Hanna Rosentreter ,&nbsp;Maja Moch ,&nbsp;David Schödel ,&nbsp;Michael Jeske ,&nbsp;Tim Oddoy ,&nbsp;Jochen Meier-Haack ,&nbsp;Amit N. Shocron ,&nbsp;André Lerch","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater with high nitrate concentrations requires treatment before potable use. Conventional treatment methods such as nanofiltration and reverse osmosis can be used for desalination of most solutes. In contrast, a monovalent selective membrane capacitive deionization (mMCDI) can be used for selective nitrate removal. We use a nanofiltration membrane and anion exchange membranes with an additional neutral layer (AEM-Neutral) or a polyamide layer (AEM-PA) for selective nitrate removal with mMCDI by using a solution of mixed monovalent and polyvalent ions. Monovalent ion selectivity in short-term experiments is up to 17.3 with a nanofiltration membrane, up to 1.7 for AEM-Neutral and up to 5.2 for AEM-PA, whereby the specific energy consumption and water recovery depends on cell structure, applied electric voltage, flow rate and desorption time. Selective nitrate removal with AEM-PA or AEM-Neutral at 0.8 V demonstrated a specific energy consumption of 2 Wh g⁻¹ removed nitrate, lower than pressure-driven membrane processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing a quad-oxidant hybrid process based on hydrodynamic cavitation and UV radiation for Allura red degradation","authors":"Mahdi Shahryari,&nbsp;Soroush Baradaran,&nbsp;Omid Vahidi","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigated Allura Red (AR) degradation using a quad-oxidant hybrid process with hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) promoted by ultraviolet radiation (UV) in combination with sodium peroxydisulfate (PS) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as chemical agents. The experiments were carried out for 4 L synthetic AR-polluted wastewater containing 25 ppm AR. Optimization was performed using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) with H₂O₂ (0–70 ppm), PS (0–200 ppm), and UV radiation (0–32 W). Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis revealed optimal conditions for the HC/H₂O₂/PS/UV process as 41.3 ppm H₂O₂, 197 ppm PS, and 31.7 W UV power. Under these conditions, 99.23 % decolorization efficiency with a kinetic rate constant (k) of 80.53 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ and yield efficiency of 9.90 × 10⁻³ mg kJ⁻¹ was achieved. The optimum configuration also resulted in remarkable 74.33 % reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) within 120 min. Techno-economic analysis, based on the efficiency-cost ratio (ECR) was conducted on all processes revealed that the ECR of the optimized HC/H₂O₂/PS/UV process was attained at 398.40. To clarify the role of reactive species, the influence of radical scavengers was investigated under the optimized conditions. Decolorization efficiency was reduced to 74.53 % and 53.10 % with the addition of tert-butanol and ethanol, respectively, with corresponding rate constants of 22.8 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ and 12.62 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}