Water Resources and Industry最新文献

Techno-economic evaluation of maximizing minimum liquid discharge from seawater desalination for the fertilizer industry 化肥工业海水淡化最大最小排液量技术经济评价

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100332

Nikhil Dilip Pawar , Carmelo Morgante , Thomas Pregger , Patrick Jochem

The Middle East and North Africa region faces critical water scarcity and food security challenges that threaten economic development. Fertilizer use supports food self-sufficiency, but its production is highly water intensive. Supplying desalinated water to a decarbonized fertilizer plant offers an environmentally sustainable pathway.

This study investigates co-locating a decarbonized fertilizer plant with a seawater desalination facility, optionally implementing minimum liquid discharge (MLD) to generate additional revenue through recovery of magnesium hydroxide and sodium chloride (NaCl). Three configurations were modeled: a conventional seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)-based plant; and two MLD configurations using high-pressure RO (HPRO), osmotically-assisted RO (OARO), and crystallizers. Financial performance was assessed using a novel discounted and allocated levelized cost (DALC) method, internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV).

In a Moroccan case study, the conventional configuration achieved the lowest DALC and energy consumption (0.70 USD/m³_water and 3.8 KWh_el/m³), with an IRR of 23.9 %. The first MLD configuration had higher costs (0.94 USD/m³_water, 12.0 KWh_el/m³) and a lower IRR (14.5 %), with water recovery limited to 71.4 % due to nonuse of magnesium crystallizer effluent (60.4 % in the conventional setup). Reusing this effluent in the second MLD configuration increased water recovery to 96.7 %, yet higher impurities at the NaCl crystallizer feed reduced the IRR to 9.7 %, which could be improved through financing strategies such as lowering capital costs to endorse the MLD-maximizing option.

The findings emphasize advancing impurity removal methods and exploring innovative project financing strategies to enable financially and environmentally sustainable seawater desalination for decarbonized fertilizer production.

中东和北非地区面临严重的水资源短缺和粮食安全挑战，威胁着经济发展。化肥的使用支持粮食自给自足，但其生产是高度用水密集型的。向脱碳化肥厂供应淡化水提供了一条环境可持续发展的途径。本研究探讨了脱碳化肥厂与海水淡化设施的共存，可选择实施最小液体排放（MLD），通过回收氢氧化镁和氯化钠（NaCl）来产生额外的收入。模拟了三种配置：基于传统海水反渗透（SWRO）的工厂；以及使用高压RO （HPRO）、渗透辅助RO （OARO）和结晶器的两种MLD配置。财务绩效的评估采用了一种新的贴现和分配的平均成本（DALC）方法，内部收益率（IRR）和净现值（NPV）。在摩洛哥的一个案例研究中，传统配置实现了最低的DALC和能耗（0.70美元/立方米水和3.8千瓦时/立方米），IRR为23.9%。第一个MLD配置成本较高（0.94美元/m3水，12.0千瓦时/m3）， IRR较低（14.5%），由于不使用镁结晶器出水，水回收率限制在71.4%（常规配置为60.4%）。在第二个MLD配置中重复使用该废水，水回收率提高到96.7%，但NaCl结晶器进料中较高的杂质使IRR降低到9.7%，这可以通过降低资本成本等融资策略来提高，以支持MLD最大化的选择。研究结果强调了推进杂质去除方法和探索创新的项目融资策略，以实现用于脱碳肥料生产的经济和环境可持续的海水淡化。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous determination and removal assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wastewater treatment plants, Zunyi, China 遵义污水处理厂中有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）的同时检测与去除评价

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2026.100345

Qingfeng Wang , Xuefeng He , Ye Luo , Jia Xu , Zhonggen Li

This study developed a liquid-liquid extraction method coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the simultaneous determination of 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 9 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wastewater. By optimizing the extraction solvent ratio (n-hexane/dichloromethane 9:1, v/v) and adding 1 %(w/w) polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000) as a phase-transfer catalyst, mean recoveries improved from 87.3 ± 6.4 % to 96.4 ± 4.8 %. The method was applied to analyze influent and effluent samples from 13 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Zunyi, Guizhou Province. Results showed that the average concentrations of Σ₁₃OCPs and Σ₉PCBs in the influent were 114.8 ± 30.1 ng/L and 23.1 ± 9.5 ng/L, respectively, while those in the effluent were 20.0 ± 5.5 ng/L and 4.2 ± 1.9 ng/L, respectively. The average removal efficiencies for OCPs and PCBs were 70.6 ± 21.0 % and 61.3 ± 27.8 %, respectively, with membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes demonstrating the highest and most stable removal performance. This work provides a reliable analytical approach and city-scale data to support monitoring of OCPs and PCBs and evaluation of WWTP removal performance.

建立了液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术同时测定废水中13种有机氯农药（OCPs）和9种多氯联苯（PCBs）的方法。通过优化萃取溶剂比（正己烷/二氯甲烷9:1，v/v）和添加1% （w/w）聚乙二醇4000 （PEG4000）作为相转移催化剂，平均回收率由87.3±6.4%提高到96.4±4.8%。应用该方法对贵州省遵义市13家污水处理厂的进水和出水样本进行了分析。结果表明，进水中Σ13OCPs和Σ9PCBs的平均浓度分别为114.8±30.1 ng/L和23.1±9.5 ng/L，出水中Σ13OCPs和Σ9PCBs的平均浓度分别为20.0±5.5 ng/L和4.2±1.9 ng/L。ocp和pcb的平均去除率分别为70.6±21.0%和61.3±27.8%，其中膜生物反应器（MBR）工艺表现出最高和最稳定的去除率。这项工作提供了一种可靠的分析方法和城市规模的数据，以支持ocp和pcb的监测和污水处理厂去除性能的评估。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated water quality indices as tools for evaluating small hydropower impacts 综合水质指标作为评价小水电影响的工具

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2026.100342

Paweł Tomczyk , Michał Tymcio , Alban Kuriqi , José Maria Santos , Aleksandra Wdowczyk , Mirosław Wiatkowski

Robust water-quality assessment is critical to supporting evidence-based hydropower policy and compliance with river basin management objectives. This study evaluated the effectiveness and representativeness of selected water quality indices (WQIs, based on 25 water quality parameters), the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment WQI (CCME WQI), Oregon WQI (OWQI), Overall Index of Pollution (OIP), Dinius WQI (DWQI), and Universal WQI (UWQI), in assessing the impact of six run-of-river (RoR) hydropower plants (HPs) on the water quality of the Bóbr River in Poland. The CCME WQI values ranged from 37.86 to 57.48, corresponding predominantly to Class III water quality (69.74 %). Overall, HP operations had only a minor influence on the variability of the analyzed indices, with downstream-to-upstream CCME WQI differences not exceeding 5 %. Although no detectable changes in water quality were attributed to hydropower activity, substantial discrepancies were observed among the applied classification schemes (Polish – new and old – and Portuguese systems). Changes in WQI values were found to be more strongly influenced by reservoir-type HPs than by RoR HPs. For example, the observed variations for reservoir versus RoR HPs were: OIP (−18.81 %/-1.59 %), DWQI (−8.22 %/0.84 %), and UWQI (5.40 %/0.12 %). This study shows that RoR HPs have minimal impact on river water quality, with most changes falling within natural variability. However, discrepancies between WQIs and classification systems highlight the need for standardized assessment methods. These results advance understanding of hydropower–environment interactions and support the development of sustainable, climate-resilient hydropower management strategies through multi-index integration and cross-national comparisons of classification systems.

强有力的水质评估对于支持基于证据的水电政策和遵守流域管理目标至关重要。本研究基于25个水质参数，评估了选定的水质指数（WQI）、加拿大环境部长理事会WQI （CCME WQI）、俄勒冈州WQI （OWQI）、总体污染指数（OIP）、迪尼乌斯WQI （DWQI）和通用WQI （UWQI）在评估波兰Bóbr河六个径流水电站（RoR）对水质的影响时的有效性和代表性。CCME WQI值在37.86 ~ 57.48之间，主要为ⅲ类水质（69.74%）。总体而言，HP操作对分析指标的变异性影响较小，下游至上游CCME WQI差异不超过5%。虽然水力发电活动没有引起水质的明显变化，但在所采用的分类办法（波兰新旧分类办法和葡萄牙分类办法）之间观察到很大的差异。水库型hp比RoR hp对WQI值的影响更大。例如，观察到的油藏与RoR hp的变化为：OIP (- 18.81% /- 1.59%)， DWQI（- 8.22% / 0.84%）和UWQI（5.40% / 0.12%）。该研究表明，RoR HPs对河流水质的影响最小，大部分变化都在自然变率范围内。然而，wqi和分类系统之间的差异突出了标准化评估方法的必要性。这些结果促进了对水电与环境相互作用的理解，并通过多指标整合和分类系统的跨国比较，为可持续、气候适应型水电管理战略的制定提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning and explainable AI for predicting antibiotics removal in constructed Wetlands: Key factors and management implications 预测人工湿地抗生素去除的机器学习和可解释的人工智能：关键因素和管理意义

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100340

Byeongwon Lee , Hyemin Jeong , Younghun Lee , Young Mo Kim , Sangchul Lee

Antibiotics are increasingly detected in aquatic environments due to continuous inputs from human and veterinary sources. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a low-cost and sustainable treatment option for antibiotics, but developing CWs for maximizing their efficiency is challenging due to causative factors. This study applied machine learning (ML) models and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to predict removal efficiency of antibiotics in CWs and identify key factors. A dataset of 199 observational cases was compiled from previous literature. Seven factors, including CW type, plant species, hydraulic retention time (HRT), hydraulic loading rate, surface area, influent antibiotic concentration, and antibiotic class, are considered as input variables. Six ML models were applied, and Shapley additive explanations, used as XAI, were applied to identify key causative factors. Among the ML models, CatBoost showed the highest prediction accuracy on the test set (R² = 0.81). Overall, antibiotic class, influent antibiotic concentration, and HRT were identified as the most influential features, followed by plant species and CW type. This finding suggested that the three controllable variables (CW type, HRT, and plant species) should be carefully considered in CW design to efficiently remove antibiotics. This study elucidated complex relationships between causative factors and CW removal efficiency using MLs, identifying data-driven importance patterns and key interactions influencing removal behavior. The results provide practical ML-based insights for CW design and highlight the potential of ML in managing environmental pollutants with complex behaviors.

由于人类和兽医来源的持续投入，越来越多的抗生素在水生环境中被发现。人工湿地（CWs）是一种低成本和可持续的抗生素治疗选择，但由于致病因素的影响，开发最大化其效率的人工湿地具有挑战性。本研究应用机器学习（ML）模型和可解释人工智能（XAI）预测CWs中抗生素的去除效率，并确定关键因素。从以前的文献中编译了199个观察病例的数据集。输入变量包括CW类型、植物种类、水力滞留时间（HRT）、水力加载率、表面积、进水抗生素浓度和抗生素种类等七个因素。应用了6个ML模型，并使用Shapley加性解释作为XAI，以确定关键的致病因素。在ML模型中，CatBoost在测试集上的预测准确率最高（R2 = 0.81）。总体而言，抗生素种类、进水抗生素浓度和HRT被确定为影响最大的特征，其次是植物种类和CW类型。这一发现提示，为了有效地去除抗生素，在设计连续波时应仔细考虑三个可控变量（连续波类型、HRT和植物种类）。本研究利用MLs阐明了致病因素与连续波去除效率之间的复杂关系，确定了数据驱动的重要性模式和影响去除行为的关键相互作用。研究结果为连续波设计提供了实用的基于ML的见解，并突出了ML在管理具有复杂行为的环境污染物方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Application of waste rigid polyurethane foam for oil removal from water 废硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料在水中除油中的应用

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100336

Roland Nagy , Rebeka Bejczi

This study investigated the use of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam for demulsifying oil-containing emulsions, focusing on improving oil removal from water. Emulsions with 5 V/V% oil content were treated using PUR foams of different geometries to evaluate how foam structure affects separation efficiency. During demulsification, the coalescence of fine oil droplets led to the formation of larger aggregates, which increased turbidity; therefore, in this study, higher turbidity indicated a more advanced demulsification stage rather than poorer water quality. Both larger PUR surface area and higher foam volume enhanced the coalescence process and improved oil removal efficiency. The results demonstrate that waste PUR foam can be effectively repurposed for oil–water separation, supporting sustainable and resource-efficient wastewater treatment.

研究了硬质聚氨酯（PUR）泡沫塑料对含油乳剂的破乳效果，重点研究了其对水中除油效果的影响。采用不同几何形状的PUR泡沫对含油量为5 V/V%的乳剂进行处理，以评价泡沫结构对分离效率的影响。破乳过程中，细油滴聚结形成较大的团聚体，增加了浊度；因此，在本研究中，浊度越高说明破乳阶段越先进，而不是水质越差。更大的聚氨酯比表面积和更高的泡沫体积都能促进聚结过程，提高除油效率。结果表明，废弃PUR泡沫塑料可以有效地用于油水分离，支持可持续和资源高效的废水处理。

引用次数: 0

Enhanced visible-light degradation and mineralization of bisphenol A using Cu-doped TiO2 photocatalysts: characterization, effectiveness, mechanism and DFT insights 使用cu掺杂TiO2光催化剂增强双酚A的可见光降解和矿化：表征，有效性，机理和DFT见解

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100335

Yassine Jari , Lidia Favier , Mohamed Chaker Necibi , Bouchaib Gourich , Christophe Vial , Abdelaziz Imgharn , Noura Najid , Ali Barhoumi , Mohammed Chafi , Veronique Alonzo , Nicolas Roche

This study reports a new visible light-driven strategy for the degradation and mineralization of bisphenol A (BPA) using copper-doped TiO₂ photocatalysts. BPA is an emerging contaminant of significant environmental and health concern. A series of Cu-doped TiO₂ catalysts with varying copper contents was synthesized via the sol-gel method and characterized using XPS, XRD, SEM-EDS, N₂ physisorption, and UV–vis spectroscopy to evaluate their structural, morphological, and optical properties. Results confirmed that copper incorporation enhanced visible-light absorption and improved electron-hole pair separation, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability. The band gap energy decreased with increasing copper content, from 2.97 eV for pure TiO₂ to 2.88, 2.41, and 2.28 eV for 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % Cu-TiO₂, respectively, as validated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Among all prepared materials, Cu(5 %)-TiO₂ exhibited the best photocatalytic performance, outperforming both pure TiO₂ and other Cu-TiO₂ variants. Under optimal conditions (5 mg/L BPA, pH 7, and 1 g/L catalyst dosage), 96.2 % BPA removal and 77.9 % mineralization were achieved. The catalyst maintained excellent reusability over four successive cycles with minimal activity loss. Scavenger experiments identified photogenerated holes (h⁺) and hydroxyl radicals (OH^•) as the main reactive species. UHPLC-MS analysis enabled the identification of intermediate products and the proposal of a plausible BPA degradation pathway. Furthermore, Cu(5 %)-TiO₂ showed high degradation efficiency for other emerging pollutants and across different water matrices, demonstrating its potential for sustainable industrial wastewater treatment applications.

本研究报道了一种新的可见光驱动策略，利用铜掺杂TiO2光催化剂降解和矿化双酚a （BPA）。双酚a是一种新兴的污染物，具有重要的环境和健康问题。采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了一系列不同铜含量的cu掺杂TiO2催化剂，并利用XPS、XRD、SEM-EDS、N2物理吸附和UV-vis光谱对其结构、形貌和光学性能进行了表征。结果证实，铜的掺入增强了可见光吸收，改善了电子-空穴对分离，从而提高了光催化活性和稳定性。通过密度泛函理论（DFT）计算证实，带隙能量随着铜含量的增加而降低，从纯TiO2的2.97 eV降至1%、5%和10% Cu-TiO2的2.88、2.41和2.28 eV。在所有制备的材料中，Cu(5%)-TiO2表现出最好的光催化性能，优于纯TiO2和其他Cu-TiO2变体。在最佳条件下（BPA为5 mg/L， pH为7，催化剂用量为1 g/L）， BPA去除率为96.2%，矿化率为77.9%。催化剂在连续四个循环中保持了良好的可重复使用性，活性损失最小。清道夫实验确定光生空穴（h+）和羟基自由基（OH•）是主要的活性物质。UHPLC-MS分析鉴定了中间产物，并提出了可行的双酚a降解途径。此外，Cu(5%)-TiO2对其他新兴污染物和不同水基质具有较高的降解效率，显示了其在可持续工业废水处理中的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Bayesian method for estimating water supply network repair time 供水管网维修时间估计的贝叶斯方法

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2026.100347

Jakub Żywiec , Mateusz Rożnowski , Dawid Szpak , Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak

The task of the collective water supply system (CWSS) is to supply residents with an appropriate amount of potable water, ensuring the required water pressure at all times, which requires a reliable water supply network (WSN). It is problematic to estimate the duration of repair of a water supply pipe, which is influenced by many factors, e.g. type of network, pipe diameter or pipe material and failure cause. Bayesian network was used to model the relationship between the time of repair of a water pipe and the identified factors. Repair time estimates were made for 3 case studies: a 40 mm diameter PVC house connection; a 150 mm diameter PE distribution network; and a 400 mm diameter cast iron main network. The shortest repair time was determined for the house connection (17.80 h), while the longest for the main network (38.18 h). The developed method allows for estimating the repair time of the water supply pipes based on operational data for any water supply system. It can be used by water supply companies, for supporting the water supply management, especially during a crisis situation.

集体供水系统（CWSS）的任务是向居民提供适量的饮用水，随时保证所需的水压，这就需要一个可靠的供水网络（WSN）。供水管道的维修周期估计是一个问题，它受许多因素的影响，例如管网类型、管径或管材、故障原因等。利用贝叶斯网络建立了水管维修时间与识别因素之间的关系模型。对3个案例进行了修复时间估算：直径40毫米的PVC房屋连接；直径150mm的PE配电网；和一个直径400毫米的铸铁主网。户接维修时间最短（17.80 h），主网维修时间最长（38.18 h）。所开发的方法可以根据任何供水系统的运行数据估计供水管道的维修时间。它可以被供水公司用来支持供水管理，特别是在危机情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Respiration-based development of an activated sludge model for degradation of an organic solvent 基于呼吸的有机溶剂降解活性污泥模型的开发

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2026.100344

Markus Ahnert, Thomas Schalk, Peter Krebs

This study presents the development and validation of a comprehensive activated sludge model for degradation of the organic solvent N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) under aerobic conditions in wastewater treatment plants. Through systematic batch experiments measuring oxygen uptake rates (OUR), we identified the need to incorporate of incorporating two distinct biomass fractions to accurately capture the degradation kinetics observed in practice. Model development and calibration is based on substrate pulse experiments with intermediate substances. The degradation pathway proceeds via dimethylamine (DMA) with acetic acid and methanol as intermediate products. Two distinct biomass fractions were required for an accurate simulation: one for the direct growth kinetics on methanol degradation and another for the simultaneous storage and growth processes of acetate degradation. Model calibration revealed unusually high growth and decay rates compared to those of conventional municipal activated sludge systems, indicating the presence of specialized microbial populations adapted to using DMAc as the sole carbon source. The model successfully reproduced the complex respiratory patterns observed during the substrate pulse experiments involving both single compounds and combinations. This work provides valuable insights for designing and operating biological treatment systems for DMAc-containing industrial wastewaters. The respiration-based method of model development can be adapted to other single-substrate degradation processes involving comparable substrates.

本研究提出了一种综合活性污泥模型的开发和验证，用于在废水处理厂的好氧条件下降解有机溶剂N，N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）。通过测量氧气吸收率（OUR）的系统批量实验，我们确定需要将两种不同的生物质馏分结合起来，以准确捕获在实践中观察到的降解动力学。模型的开发和校准是基于基片脉冲实验与中间物质。二甲胺（DMA）为降解途径，中间产物为乙酸和甲醇。精确模拟需要两个不同的生物质馏分：一个用于甲醇降解的直接生长动力学，另一个用于醋酸降解的同时储存和生长过程。与传统的城市活性污泥系统相比，模型校准显示出异常高的生长和衰减率，表明存在适应使用DMAc作为唯一碳源的特殊微生物种群。该模型成功地再现了底物脉冲实验中观察到的复杂呼吸模式，包括单一化合物和组合。这项工作为设计和操作含dmac的工业废水的生物处理系统提供了有价值的见解。基于呼吸的模型开发方法可以适用于涉及可比底物的其他单底物降解过程。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of hydroxyapatite-keratin nanocomposites for chromium adsorption from tannery wastewater 羟基磷灰石-角蛋白纳米复合材料对制革废水中铬的吸附

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100339

Md Kazim Ahmed Zim, Md Abul Hashem, Md Enamul Hasan Zahin, Abid Hassan, Md Mukimujjaman Miem

The discharge of chrome tanning wastewater from tanneries has a significant impact on the environment. This study is focused on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite keratin nanocomposites (HAKNCs) and characterized through UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM for chromium (Cr) adsorption from tannery wastewater. In a batch test, the chromium adsorption on HAKNCs is investigated by monitoring different parameters. At optimized conditions (e.g., dose 12 g L⁻¹, pH 9.0, contact time of 20 min, and equilibrium time of 30 min), chromium removal and adsorption capacity were at 96.88 % and 40.41 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The other pollutants-biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) also significantly reduced at 85.59 %, 89.98 %, 86.25 %, 72.91 %, and 38.91 %, respectively. The promising highly chromium adsorption capacity is ensured by pHpzc and zeta potential analysis. The Freundlich isotherm and Pseudo-Second-Order (PSO) kinetics reaction were suited for chromium adsorption on HAKNCs. Thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorbate (Cr)-HAKNCs reaction was spontaneous, endothermic, chemisorption, and irregular. The desorption study and its reusability favored the adsorption mechanism. Hence, HAKNC is a highly promising method for reducing leather industrial pollutants.

制革厂铬鞣废水的排放对环境造成了重大影响。研究了羟基磷灰石角蛋白纳米复合材料（HAKNCs）的合成，并通过紫外可见光谱、FT-IR、XRD、SEM和TEM对其吸附制革废水中的铬（Cr）进行了表征。在批量试验中，通过监测不同的参数，研究了HAKNCs对铬的吸附。在最佳条件下（剂量为12 g L−1，pH为9.0，接触时间为20 min，平衡时间为30 min），铬的去除率和吸附量分别为96.88%和40.41 mg g−1。其他污染物生化需氧量（BOD5）、化学需氧量（COD）、盐度、总溶解固形物（TDS）和电导率（EC）也分别显著降低85.59%、89.98%、86.25%、72.91%和38.91%。pHpzc和zeta电位分析证实了该材料具有良好的高铬吸附能力。Freundlich等温线和伪二阶动力学反应适合于铬在HAKNCs上的吸附。热力学研究表明，吸附质(Cr)-HAKNCs反应是自发的、吸热的、化学吸附的、不规则的。解吸研究及其可重复利用性有利于吸附机理的研究。因此，HAKNC是一种非常有前途的减少皮革工业污染物的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Eco-efficiency analysis of a continuous two-phase partitioning bioreactor treating 2,4-dichlorophenol synthetic wastewater 连续两相分配生物反应器处理2,4-二氯酚合成废水的生态效率分析

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2026.100346

Sofía Estévez , Domenica Mosca Angelucci , María Teresa Moreira , Maria Concetta Tomei

Continuous two-phase partitioning bioreactors are a promising solution for removing poorly biodegradable pollutants, such as phenolic compounds, from wastewater. However, their combined economic and environmental feasibility has not yet been jointly evaluated, and it is crucial to ensure a minimum incorporation of sustainability aspects during design.

For this purpose, four methodologies were employed. Standalone analyses were first conducted using Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing, followed by an integrated environmental–economic sustainability assessment. The latter consisted of an eco-efficiency approach and a qualitative evaluation based on the principles of the EU Taxonomy, which functions as a key instrument within the European sustainable legal framework. The methodologies were applied to four scenarios in which the concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol, as targeted model phenolic compound, in the influent and the recycling ratio of the treated effluent were varied. The findings revealed that integrating recycling within the reactor resulted in a significant environmental burden across categories, with exception of ecotoxicity (with 98.2% decrease). Although the technology successfully achieved its removal objectives, the higher consumption of utilities required for proper reactor operation reduced the expected benefits. As for operating expenses, differences between scenarios were minimal due to the dominance of fixed costs, which remain constant in all cases. Comparatively, the technology aligned with performance metrics found in existing literature (around 13.7 kg CO₂eq./m³ of treated wastewater and costs above 7.62 €/m³). To enhance the competitiveness of the technology, it is essential to manage energy demands for heating and aeration and to increase process automation, thereby reducing associated labor costs.

连续两相分配生物反应器是去除废水中可生物降解性差的污染物（如酚类化合物）的一种很有前途的解决方案。然而，它们的综合经济和环境可行性尚未得到联合评估，确保在设计过程中最低限度地纳入可持续性方面至关重要。为此目的，采用了四种方法。首先使用生命周期评估和生命周期成本进行独立分析，然后进行综合环境经济可持续性评估。后者由生态效率方法和基于欧盟分类法原则的定性评估组成，欧盟分类法是欧洲可持续法律框架内的关键工具。将这些方法应用于四种情况，其中，作为目标模型酚类化合物的2,4-二氯苯酚在进水中的浓度和处理后出水的回收率发生了变化。研究结果表明，在反应器内整合回收导致了除生态毒性外的重大环境负担（减少了98.2%）。尽管该技术成功地实现了其去除目标，但反应器正常运行所需的较高公用事业消耗降低了预期的效益。至于业务费用，由于固定成本占主导地位，在所有情况下都保持不变，因此不同情况之间的差异很小。相比之下，该技术符合现有文献中发现的性能指标（约13.7千克二氧化碳当量）。/m3处理后的废水，成本在7.62欧元/m3以上)。为了提高该技术的竞争力，必须管理加热和通风的能源需求，并提高过程自动化，从而降低相关的劳动力成本。

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引用次数: 0