Water Resources and Industry最新文献

New catalyst synthesis techniques, including green materials, are extensively studied for heterogeneous photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on spotlight of sustainable development. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) started to be used in this field as environmentally friendly alternative to ionic liquids (ILs).

During the catalyst synthesis, DESs can act as stabilizers, capping agents, structure directing agents, templates, hydrolyzing agents, etching agents, intercalators, and latent supramolecular catalysts. Importantly, DESs have exhibited the ability to significantly influence catalyst morphology, functionalization and photocatalytic properties (confirmed both for classic UV lamps and light emitting diode (LED)), including band-gap modification.

DESs positive effect was proved for a variety of materials, including metal oxides, metalorganic (MO) complexes and doped materials, MXene (MAX phase etching in DES environment), inorganic-organic hybrids, carbo-catalysts. Substantial enhancements were obtained for modification of photocatalytic materials like TiO₂, ZnO, MnO₂, iron oxides, ceria oxides, CdS, bismuth based photocatalysts and biochar modification. In this aspect, a particular role of DESs was confirmed for synthesis of nanomaterials in a form of nanoparticles, nanopowders or nanosheets.

Effectiveness was further increased by oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, persulfates and Fenton process. Effective application of DES-modified catalysts was confirmed for degradation of dyes (Rhodamine B, Reactive orange 16, Safranine, Orange II, methylene blue), pharmaceuticals and antibiotics (Cefixime, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Flumequine, Sulfamethaxazole), PFASs (Perfluorooctanoic acid) and Cr(VI). This reveals high potential of DES based photocatalysts for environmental engineering and remediation.

There are still remaining a significant gaps in our understanding of the roles and impacts of DESs in AOPs. Furthermore, there is an absence of data regarding the recovery of DESs in the catalyst synthesis processes applied in AOPs. Addressing this aspects is vital for economic and environmentally friendly applications. As research progresses, it is essential to unravel the intricacies of DES-mediated catalyst synthesis and their broader consequences.

Hidden collapse column associated with high pressure dynamic water is a main cause of major water inrush accidents in North China type coal fields. Taking the structural abnormality area discovered in 11603 working face of Daizhuang Coal Mine as an example, underground three-dimensional high-density electrical method, advanced exploration of underground drilling and curtain grouting were used to detect the existence of collapse column, and analyzed the water conductivity of collapse columns based on the hydraulic connection analysis of the 13th limestone and Ordovician limestone aquifers. Finally, it is determined that this abnormal area is a strong water filling collapse column originating from the upper Ordovician strata runoff zone (inferred to be within a range of 30 to 100 m below the Ordovician limestone top interface), developed to a height of 12th limestone. Based on the fact that the water yield and water pressure of underground directional drilling, the grouting pressure of curtain grouting, and the amount of cement injected are external quantitative factors that reflect the existence of hidden karst collapse columns during the process of detecting hidden karst collapse columns, and in combination with the feature that deep learning can fully independently learn abstract knowledge expression, a prediction model based on convolutional neural networks is constructed. According to the established network model, it was found that among the 12 sets of actual measurement data, only one data point indicated the absence of a collapse column. The prediction accuracy reached 91.6%, which meets the practical needs.

Bangladesh holds the 2nd position after China in the global apparel market in terms of denim export. In the textile industry clusters of Bangladesh, the groundwater level is depleting at an alarming rate due to overconsumption and mismanagement. The present study evaluates the groundwater conservation potential of a denim facility in Manikganj District through an effluent recycling and reuse approach. In this study, 100% treated wastewater and 10% treated wastewater mixed with softwater were utilized in the wet processing plant to dye and wash sample denim products and investigated for their fabric quality using seven parameters. The test results followed the requirements given by the North American and European fashion brands that source denim products from Bangladesh. The feasibility assessment of groundwater conservation through its high (100%) and low (10%) recycling rates indicated that the studied facility can potentially save around 619,230 m³ and 61,923 m³ of groundwater in a year, respectively.

A novel p–n heterojunctions composite of BiBaO₃ and Ag₃PO₄ were synthesized to significantly enhance the degradation efficiency of antibiotic wastewater. Through compositional analysis, micron-sized BiBaO₃ particles were combined with nano-sized Ag₃PO₄ particles, resulting in a composite (Ag/0.75Bi) with excellent visible light absorption properties. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated for Tetracycline and Oxytetracycline degradation, demonstrating remarkable degradation efficiencies. Under visible light irradiation, pollutants were degraded almost completely within 40 min, while the composite photocatalysts exhibited acceptable stability. The photocatalyst mechanism was investigated by conducting photoelectric effect, free radical capturing, and detection experiments. The p-type BiBaO₃ and n-type Ag₃PO₄ compound facilitated the transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes, reducing their recombination probability and improving photocatalytic efficiencies. Furthermore, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals played a crucial role in the photodegradation of pollutants. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the development of composite catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic wastewater.

Sulphurous water is used for balneotherapeutic purposes throughout the world. Its therapeutic properties are affected by the forms and concentrations of S(II) occurring in the solution. The processes that occur along the flow of water can affect the speciation of sulphur and influence on the installation. This article concerns an investigation of hydrogeochemical processes in five different sulphurous water distribution systems. Speciation modelling indicated that, in cold water, the concentration of H₂S equals or even exceeds that of HS⁻. In hot water, bisulfides become the predominant form and constitute 60–70 %. Natural waters usually achieve equilibrium with carbonate minerals, while upon heating, the water tends to become supersaturated with respect to these minerals. The calculated LSI values exceed 0.5 indicating a propensity for scale formation. Also, RSI values suggest that a scale formation is possible in the systems. No significant differences in the concentration of S(II) compounds are observed at various points.

Inoculum plays a crucial role in the start of anaerobic digestion. This study evaluates the impact of two different inocula on the anaerobic digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Inoculum A, sourced from a Wastewater Treatment Plant's anaerobic digester, and Inoculum B, from a palm oil extraction industry's oxidation lagoon, were compared. Acidogenic and methanogenic activity tests, using glucose and sodium acetate respectively, were conducted for each inoculum. After the activity test were carried out, the anaerobic digestion of POME was evaluated with each inoculum at two different temperatures (25 and 35 °C). Metataxonomic identification was performed on the microbial communities. Results show that Inoculum A had better acidogenic and methanogenic activities and led to a faster methane production and higher methane yields. The highest methane yields observed with Inoculum A were 490 N mL CH₄/g VS at 25 °C and 508.9 N mL CH₄/g VS at 35 °C, respectively. The presence of Clostridium spp. as a dominant genus and the dominance of strict anaerobes over facultative anaerobes in the microbial community, seems to favor the anaerobic digestion of POME.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis via combination of semiconductor-based material and light is considered one of the most promising advanced oxidation processes for degradation of non-biodegradable contaminants of drinking water and industrial effluents into harmless species. This work delves into the preparation and photocatalytic evaluation of ZnO nanoparticles doped with eucalyptus bark biochar (ZnO@EB) developed via sol-gel-hydrothermal method. Varying amounts (10–50 wt %) of ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into the eucalyptus biochar (EB) framework, followed by hydrothermal treatment at 110 °C for 24 h, and 1.5 g of ZnO immobilized on 3.5 g of EB (30%ZnO@EB) exhibited excellent activity for photocatalytic degradation of dye in textile industry effluent. The photocatalytic decolorization of textile effluent under solar light irradiation using the 30%ZnO@EB composite was optimized. Influence of operational parameters on the decolorization efficiency of textile effluent was evaluated by the Box-Behnken design. Optimization results showed that the maximum decolorization efficiency of 94.8 $\pm$ 1.09% was achieved at the optimum conditions of 2.99 g/L photocatalyst dosage, 3.04 effluent pH and 101.7 min irradiation time. The pseudo-first-order Langmuir-Hinshelwood model with apparent rate constants of 0.029$\pm$ 0.44, 0.027$\pm$ 0.71 and 0.023$\pm$ 0.08 min⁻¹ (at effluent pH of 3, 7 and 11, respectively) excellently predicted the photocatalytic degradation kinetic. Additionally, the spent 30%ZnO@EB composite was easily separated from the treated solution and reused up to ten times for decolorization process without significant activity loss.

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a widely utilized method for water treatment and desalination. Our study examined the application of an electrocoagulation (EC) and RO hybrid system for treating actual brackish groundwater (BGW), focusing on reducing RO scaling by EC pretreatment. A series of EC operating conditions were investigated, such as applied voltage, pH, EC reaction time, and type of electrode. The commercial software WAVE was utilized to analyze the water quality to assess the scaling potential of the EC pretreated feed stream for the San Antonio Water System (SAWS) BGW desalination plant. The SAWS BGW desalination process involves a three-stage RO process. Our findings indicate that pretreatment with EC effectively prevents membrane scaling when compared to feed without EC. We conducted continuous EC experiments which showed stable performance and the potential for future commercialization.

Raw water cannot be used directly to compensate for water losses in power plants. Thus, a series of technological steps are required to produce ultra-pure water from fresh- or seawater. This study recommends using a proper pretreatment consisting of two-steps of microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. Desalination was carried out using two stages of reverse osmosis. The effect of increasing feed temperature from 25 °C to 48 °C on the second stage of reverse osmosis was studied and showed an exponential increase in flux and permeability, and reduced operation time. For freshwater, no temperature effect was observed on rejection in this temperature range; however, the highest rejection values calculated based on conductivity were observed at a 40 % recovery at all temperatures in seawater (96.6 % and 97.6 % at 48 and 25 °C, respectively). As a result of the multiparameter evaluation using the ranking method for the second reverse osmosis stage, 36 °C is found to be the optimum temperature.

Electrocatalytic treatment of chemical saline wastewater showed great technical advantages due to its characteristics of simple operation, high catalytic efficiency and little secondary pollution. The review takes the classification and composition of titanium-based anodes as the starting point. Typical studies of wastewater treatment by electrocatalytic technology based on free radicals and non-free radicals were also discussed. Combined with the previous researches about electrocatalytic mechanisms in recent years, the mechanisms of titanium-based anodes were analyzed in terms of ·OH, active chlorine and others. The studies on titanium-based anodes in chemical wastewater containing different salt concentrations, such as dye wastewater, coal chemical wastewater, landfill leachate wastewater, fertilizer and pesticide production wastewater, etc., were thoroughly examined. According to the amount of electricity required for the removal of organic matter per unit, the energy consumption of titanium-based anodes for wastewater treatment by electrochemistry was described. The review would provide theoretical basis and technical support for electrocatalytic treatment of chemical saline wastewater.