Water Resources and Industry最新文献_第3页

Study on optimizing the preparation condition of CuAl-LDH functionalized maize stalk biochar and evaluating its performance in anionic dye adsorption 优化CuAl-LDH功能化玉米秸秆生物炭的制备条件及对阴离子染料吸附性能的评价

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100326

Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff , Bilkisu Favour Bode-Olajide , Sophia Ifeoma Chigozie , Noureddine Elboughdiri , Yuli Panca Asmara , Lukman Shehu Mustapha , Kasim Sakran Abass

The use of nanoparticle-modified biochar as adsorbent could eliminate the environmental and public health risks associated with water-soluble organic contaminants due to its superior textural attributes and high uptake capacity. This work optimized the preparation conditions of CuAl-layered double hydroxide functionalized maize stalk biochar (CuAl-LDH/MSB) for anionic dye (acid blue 25, AB25) adsorption using Taguchi design approach. CuAl-LDH/MSB composites were synthesized under 9 different conditions, according to Taguchi L9 (3⁴) orthogonal array design (molar ratio of Cu²⁺: Al³⁺: 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1, pyrolysis temperature: 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C, biomass loading: 2 g, 3 g and 4 g and pyrolysis duration: 1 h, 1.5 h and 2 h). The physicochemical and adsorption properties of the optimal CuAl-LDH/MSB sample were assessed using different analytical techniques and batch adsorption tests. Analysis of variance was performed to calculate the percentage of contribution of controllable parameters, which described their levels of influence on process response. Optimization results showed that the CuAl-LDH/MSB properties and adsorption performance were mostly influenced by Cu²⁺: Al³⁺ molar ratio (34.98%), followed by biomass loading (34.74%), pyrolysis time (29.03%) and pyrolysis temperature (1.25%). The optimal conditions for preparation of CuAl-LDH/MSB for adsorptive removal of AB25 were pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, Cu²⁺: Al³⁺ molar ratio of 2:1, pyrolysis time of 1.5 h and biomass loading of 3 g, which resulted in 25.02 mg g⁻¹ AB25 dye uptake. The favourable adsorption of AB25 by the optimal adsorbent (CuAl-LDH/MSB_-opt) was achieved at pH of 6.0 and equilibrium time of 2 h. Further study revealed that Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately anticipated the adsorption experimental data, confirming the multilayer coverage process of AB25 onto CuAl-LDH/MSB_-opt and chemisorption mechanism. The AB25 adsorption onto CuAl-LDH/MSB_-opt was feasible in nature, spontaneous and endothermic as indicated by thermodynamic parameters.

纳米颗粒改性生物炭作为吸附剂，由于其优越的质地特性和高吸收能力，可以消除与水溶性有机污染物相关的环境和公共健康风险。采用田口设计优化了CuAl-LDH/MSB对阴离子染料（酸性蓝25，AB25）吸附性能的制备条件。根据Taguchi L9（34）正交设计，在9种不同条件下合成CuAl-LDH/MSB复合材料（Cu2+: Al3+摩尔比：2:1,3:1和4:1，热解温度：500℃，600℃和700℃，生物质负荷：2 g， 3 g和4 g，热解时间：1 h， 1.5 h和2 h）。采用不同的分析技术和批量吸附试验，考察了最佳CuAl-LDH/MSB样品的理化性能和吸附性能。进行方差分析，计算可控参数的贡献百分比，描述了它们对过程响应的影响程度。优化结果表明，Cu2+: Al3+摩尔比（34.98%）对CuAl-LDH/MSB性能和吸附性能影响最大，其次是生物质负荷（34.74%）、热解时间（29.03%）和热解温度（1.25%）。制备吸附脱除AB25的CuAl-LDH/MSB的最佳工艺条件为：热解温度600℃，Cu2+: Al3+摩尔比2:1，热解时间1.5 h，生物质负荷3 g，吸附AB25染料25.02 mg g−1。最佳吸附剂（CuAl-LDH/MSB-opt）在pH为6.0、平衡时间为2 h时对AB25具有良好的吸附效果。进一步研究表明，Freundlich等温线和拟二级动力学模型准确预测了吸附实验数据，证实了AB25在CuAl-LDH/MSB-opt上的多层覆盖过程和化学吸附机理。热力学参数表明，CuAl-LDH/MSB-opt吸附AB25在自然界是可行的、自发的、吸热的。

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引用次数: 0

Minimization of freshwater usage in hydroponic cultivation by mixing it with desalinated geothermal water using membrane processes 通过膜处理将淡水与脱盐的地热水混合，使水培栽培中的淡水使用量最小化

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100324

Barbara Tomaszewska , Magdalena Tyszer , Leszek Pająk , Aleksandra Kasztelewicz

Freshwater resources are becoming increasingly scarce due to climate change, population growth, and intensified agricultural demands, making searching for alternative water sources a pressing global issue. Research conducted using a geothermal water treatment system (a two-stage main treatment RO-RO system) identified the possibility of using treated geothermal water as a supplementary source of water resources for hydroponic cultivation. To achieve water parameters that meet the requirements for drinking water, and indicators determining the suitability of water for crop irrigation, the treatment process parameters were adjusted. It was shown that the use of the proposed system and mixing the permeate (treated geothermal water) with tap water in a 70/30 ratio enables the production of water with suitable parameters for hydroponic lettuce cultivation. The results of post-harvest analyses of lettuce leaves confirmed it. These findings demonstrate the potential for reducing freshwater consumption in hydroponic cultivation by using properly treated geothermal water.

由于气候变化、人口增长和农业需求的增加，淡水资源正变得越来越稀缺，寻找替代水源成为一个紧迫的全球问题。利用地热水处理系统（两阶段主处理RO-RO系统）进行的研究确定了将处理过的地热水作为水培栽培的补充水源的可能性。为了达到满足饮用水要求的水参数和确定作物灌溉用水适宜性的指标，对处理工艺参数进行了调整。结果表明，使用该系统并将渗透水（处理过的地热水）与自来水以70/30的比例混合，可以生产出适合水培生菜栽培的水。收获后对生菜叶的分析结果证实了这一点。这些发现表明，通过使用经过适当处理的地热水，可以减少水培栽培中的淡水消耗。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid MOF+COF modified PVDF membranes for enhanced microfiltration of pharmaceutical contaminants 复合MOF+COF改性PVDF膜增强药物污染物微滤

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100325

Daniel Polak , Igor Kogut , Aleksandra Lorek , Emilia Oszajca , Maciej Szwast

One of the key directions in membrane process development is the exploration of novel materials and the modification of commonly used ones. Designing membrane structures with programmable properties enhances process efficiency and broadens application potential. This study employed hybrid MOF + COF (metal-organic framework + covalent organic framework) structures to modify polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membranes. These compounds possess a highly developed structure and large specific surface area, contributing to excellent adsorption capabilities. Such modifications can improve the removal of organic contaminants, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products, during microfiltration.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MOF + COF modification on the surface and performance characteristics of PVDF membranes and to assess their potential for pharmaceutical removal from water. An in-house synthesized ZIF-8+TpPa structure was used for membrane modification. Tetracycline was selected as a model pharmaceutical. Surface and structural properties were analyzed using FTIR, XRD and contact angle measurements. Filtration performance was evaluated in a conventional microfiltration setup under varying operational conditions: feed temperatures of 25 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C, and pressures of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 bar.

Structural analysis confirmed the successful synthesis and incorporation of MOF + COF structures onto the membrane surface. Cross-flow filtration showed that tetracycline removal increased from 742.9 mg/m² (unmodified) to 1222.4 mg/m² (modified membranes). Higher feed pressure improved removal efficiency. However, the temperature effect was non-monotonic, with a decline in efficiency observed at 40 °C compared to 25 °C and 30 °C.

新材料的开发和常用材料的改性是膜工艺发展的关键方向之一。设计具有可编程特性的膜结构提高了工艺效率，拓宽了应用潜力。本研究采用MOF + COF（金属有机骨架+共价有机骨架）杂化结构对聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微滤膜进行改性。这些化合物具有高度发达的结构和较大的比表面积，具有优异的吸附能力。在微过滤过程中，这种改性可以改善有机污染物的去除，包括药品和个人护理产品。本研究的目的是评估MOF + COF改性对PVDF膜表面和性能特性的影响，并评估其从水中去除药物的潜力。采用内部合成的ZIF-8+TpPa结构进行膜修饰。选择四环素作为模型药物。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、x射线衍射（XRD）和接触角测量等方法分析了材料的表面和结构性能。在不同的操作条件下，在常规微滤装置中评估过滤性能：进料温度为25°C， 30°C和40°C，压力为0.5,1和1.5 bar。结构分析证实了MOF + COF结构的成功合成和在膜表面的结合。交叉流过滤显示，四环素去除率从742.9 mg/m2（未改性）提高到1222.4 mg/m2（改性膜）。更高的进料压力提高了去除效率。然而，温度效应是非单调的，与25°C和30°C相比，在40°C下观察到效率下降。

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引用次数: 0

An online respirometer based on ammonia oxidizing biofilm for prompt toxicity analysis 基于氨氧化生物膜的即时毒性分析在线呼吸计

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100323

Qiqi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Jing Lu , Yide He , Anlin Xu , Yongjun Zhang

Wastewater toxicity may significantly disturb the performance of activated sludge processes, the core unit of most wastewater treatment plants, and thus needs to be monitored. The frequently used respirometer with suspended microorganisms is faced with problems of microbial stability and sensitivity. In this study, we designed an online respirometer with ammonia oxidizing biofilm growing in a fixed bed reactor. The toxicity of typical substances (thiourea, 2,4-dichlorophenol, pyridine, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr⁶⁺) was measured with the reduction and the reducing trend of their oxygen uptake rates as a key indicator. The detection limits can be down to 1.25 mg/L for thiourea and 25 mg/L for Zn²⁺ with measuring time down to 10 min. The IC₅₀ of thiourea, 2,4-dichlorophenol, pyridine, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr⁶⁺observed at 0.37 mg/L, 7.42 mg/L, 378 mg/L, 168 mg/L, 191 mg/L 733 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity values were in a good linear correlation with the traditional raspatory. Moreover, the regeneration time of biofilm after toxicity measure of 5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenol and 100 mg/L Zn²⁺ was also evaluated in range of 6–24 h.

活性污泥是大多数污水处理厂的核心单元，废水毒性可能会严重干扰活性污泥工艺的性能，因此需要对其进行监测。常用的悬浮微生物呼吸计面临着微生物稳定性和灵敏度的问题。在本研究中，我们设计了一种在固定床反应器中生长氨氧化生物膜的在线呼吸计。以典型物质（硫脲、2,4-二氯酚、吡啶、Zn2+、Co2+、Cr6+）的吸氧速率的还原率及其还原趋势为关键指标，测定其毒性。硫脲的检出限可达1.25 mg/L， Zn2+的检出限可达25 mg/L，检测时间可达10 min。硫脲、2,4-二氯苯酚、吡啶、Zn2+、Co2+、Cr6+的IC50分别为0.37 mg/L、7.42 mg/L、378 mg/L、168 mg/L、191 mg/L和733 mg/L。毒性值与传统浓度呈良好的线性相关。测定了5 mg/L 2,4-二氯苯酚和100 mg/L Zn2+对生物膜的毒性作用，在6 ~ 24 h范围内对生物膜的再生时间进行了评价。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative performance of four membrane-based treatment strategies for wastewater from explosives production 四种膜基处理炸药生产废水的性能比较

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100322

Gabriela Kamińska , Anna Marszałek , Ewa Puszczało , Grzegorz Michalski

This study evaluates the performance of various configurations that involve ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), ion exchange (IonEx), and fixed-bed filtration (FBF) for the treatment of wastewater from explosive production. The experiments were performed on a laboratory-scale dead-end membrane setup and ion exchange and fixed-bed filtration units. The performance of four treatment configurations was evaluated based on physicochemical analyses (COD, TOC, Pb (II), Na, NO₃ -N, pH, conductivity) and supported by membrane permeability monitoring and ecotoxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri and Lemna minor. The UF-NF-RO system demonstrated significant removal of pollutants, with COD, TOC, Pb(II), and Na reductions of 88.6 %, 63.3 %, 99.6 % and 91.1 %, respectively. However, despite of the high retention degrees, the effluent did not meet discharge standards. The UF-RO-RO configuration, which utilized a tighter UF membrane followed by two RO stages, achieved improved pollutant removal, but remained insufficient for regulatory compliance. The UF-RO-AnEx system showed high lead and sodium removal, but in the final effluent concentration of COD, TOC, and NO₃–N were above the allowed limits. The most effective configuration, FBF-IonEx-RO, employed fixed-bed filtration with sand, halloysite clay, and activated carbon before ion exchange and RO. This approach resulted in the nearly complete removal of Pb (II) and NO₃–N while significantly reducing COD and TOC concentrations, ultimately meeting discharge standards. Membrane permeability analysis revealed that scaling due to high conductivity had a greater impact on RO fouling than organic matter. Ecotoxicity tests using Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri confirmed that the FBF-IonEx-RO configuration produced the least toxic effluent, demonstrating its potential as an effective wastewater treatment solution.

本研究评估了超滤（UF）、纳滤（NF）、反渗透（RO）、离子交换（IonEx）和固定床过滤（FBF）等不同配置处理爆炸生产废水的性能。实验在实验室规模的死端膜装置和离子交换和固定床过滤装置上进行。通过理化分析（COD、TOC、Pb （II）、Na、NO3 -N、pH、电导率），以及膜透性监测和费氏弧菌和小Lemna的生态毒性试验，评价了4种处理方案的性能。UF-NF-RO系统对污染物的去除效果显著，COD、TOC、Pb（II）和Na分别降低88.6%、63.3%、99.6%和91.1%。然而，尽管废水截留度很高，但仍未达到排放标准。UF-RO-RO配置采用了更紧密的超滤膜和两个反渗透级，实现了更好的污染物去除，但仍不符合法规要求。UF-RO-AnEx系统对铅和钠的去除率较高，但最终出水COD、TOC和NO3-N的浓度均高于允制值。最有效的配置是FBF-IonEx-RO，在离子交换和RO之前，使用砂、高岭土粘土和活性炭进行固定床过滤。该方法几乎完全去除了Pb （II）和NO3-N，同时显著降低了COD和TOC浓度，最终达到排放标准。膜透性分析表明，高导电性引起的结垢对反渗透污染的影响大于有机物。使用小莱姆纳和费氏弧菌进行的生态毒性测试证实，FBF-IonEx-RO配置产生的废水毒性最小，表明其作为一种有效的废水处理方案的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of DMAc and NMP - Treatment options for membrane production DMAc和NMP的好氧和厌氧处理-膜生产的处理选择

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100321

Thomas Schalk , Markus Ahnert , Anja Rollberg , Dirk Freitag-Stechl , Peter Krebs

N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) are solvents that are used for the production of polysulfone-based membranes. The resulting solvent-containing wastewater is treated or disposed of externally. The associated effort can be reduced by treating the wastewater on site. Laboratory tests using moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), two-stage vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) and anaerobic processes were conducted to select a suitable technology for this purpose.

The results showed that the solvents DMAc and NMP were well aerobically degradable. The MBBR and VFCWs achieved in average DOC removal efficiencies of 95 % and 98 %, respectively. The nitrogen contained in the solvents was completely nitrified in the VFCWs, whereas nitrification in the MBBRs was dependent on the load. The results of the anaerobic tests differed significantly. DMAc was almost completely degraded. NMP, on the other hand, was slowly degradable under anaerobic conditions.

N，N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）和N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）是用于生产聚砜基膜的溶剂。由此产生的含溶剂废水在外部处理或处置。通过在现场处理废水，可以减少相关的工作量。采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）、两级垂直流人工湿地（VFCW）和厌氧工艺进行了实验室试验，以选择适合的技术。结果表明，溶剂DMAc和NMP均具有良好的好氧降解性。MBBR和VFCWs的平均DOC去除率分别为95%和98%。溶剂中所含的氮在VFCWs中完全硝化，而mbbr中的硝化作用取决于负载。厌氧试验结果差异显著。DMAc几乎完全降级。另一方面，NMP在厌氧条件下可缓慢降解。

引用次数: 0

Rice, wheat or dust? Water resource carrying capacity estimation by degrowth transition scenario for Fars Province, Iran 大米、小麦还是灰尘？伊朗法尔斯省退化过渡情景的水资源承载能力估算

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100318

Somaieh Samimi , Faraham Ahmadzadeh , Mostafa Keshtkar , Romina Sayahnia

Agriculture remains the dominant consumer of freshwater globally, with projected increases in demand driven by irrigation expansion. In arid regions such as Iran, this intensifies competition among agriculture, industry, and ecosystems, exacerbating water stress—as evidenced by the desiccation of Tashk-Bakhtegan wetlands in Fars Province, a key source of dust storms affecting local communities. This study employs system dynamics modeling and the Water Resource Carrying Capacity (WRCC) framework to assess four degrowth scenarios focused on rice and wheat cultivation, evaluating their effects on water consumption and economic value-added. Results show that eliminating rice production and reducing wheat cultivation by 10 %, or converting 20 % of irrigated wheat to rainfed farming, yielded only marginal improvements in the Water Resource Carrying Capacity (WRCC) index. Reaching a sustainable WRCC demands at least a 25 % reduction in agricultural water withdrawals, with an associated 13 % decline in economic output. These findings highlight a nonlinear trade-off between environmental recovery and economic loss. By benchmarking extraction levels against ecological thresholds, this modeling framework promotes adaptive and equity-centered water governance in arid regions. It also provides strategic insight for long-term agricultural and industrial planning.

农业仍然是全球淡水的主要消费领域，预计需求将因灌溉扩大而增加。在伊朗等干旱地区，这加剧了农业、工业和生态系统之间的竞争，加剧了水资源压力——法尔斯省塔什克-巴赫特干湿地的干燥就是证明，这是影响当地社区的沙尘暴的主要来源。本研究采用系统动力学模型和水资源承载能力（WRCC）框架，评估了以水稻和小麦种植为重点的4种脱生长情景，评估了它们对用水量和经济增值的影响。结果表明，取消水稻生产并减少10%的小麦种植，或将20%的灌溉小麦转为雨养耕作，仅对水资源承载能力（WRCC）指数产生边际改善。达到可持续的WRCC要求至少减少25%的农业用水量，与此同时经济产出下降13%。这些发现强调了环境恢复和经济损失之间的非线性权衡。通过对生态阈值的提取水平进行基准测试，该模型框架促进了干旱地区适应性和以公平为中心的水治理。它还为长期农业和工业规划提供了战略见解。

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引用次数: 0

Polyphosphate salt and organic acid in deliming to reduce nitrogenous compounds in tannery wastewater 聚磷酸盐和有机酸在制革废水中减少含氮化合物的作用

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100320

Md. Abul Hashem, Nusrat Ara Bhuyan, Salsabil Mumtahana Mim, Modinatul Maoya, Md. Mukimujjaman Miem, Sasbir Rahman Sium

Deliming is a process in leather manufacturing to remove lime from the limed pelt. In conventional deliming, nitrogenous pollutants (ammonia-nitrogen, NH₃-N, and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, TKN) are released, creating unfavorable conditions for aquatic life. In this study, a combination of pyruvic acid (PA) and polyphosphate salt (PPS) is used in deliming instead of ammonium sulfate to reduce NH₃-N and TKN in tannery wastewater. Results revealed that deliming with PA (0.5 %) + PPS (1.0 %) for 90 min showed superior reduction of TKN (86.68 %), NH₃-N (97.56 %), electrical conductivity (57.68 %), salinity (66.73 %), total dissolved solids (63.3 %), chemical oxygen demand (83.61 %), and biochemical oxygen demand (15.9 %) in the discharged wastewater. The hydroxyproline released in the experimental deliming (PA + PPS) wastewater was much lower than that of the conventional technique. The combination of PA + PPS deliming agent removed calcium to an acceptable level of chelation. The physical and organoleptic properties, shrinkage temperature, and thickness variation were comparable to the standard requirements. SEM photographs of delimed pelt and crust leather illustrated a similar fiber orientation, whereas the Pseudo-Second-Order (PSO) kinetics revealed an impressive reaction for the deliming effect compared to Pseudo-First-Order (PFO). Hence, this study provided a new pathway in leather making to reduce pollution, maintaining an environmentally friendly approach.

划边是皮革制造过程中去除石灰皮上的石灰的过程。在常规划界中，氮污染物（氨氮，NH3-N，总凯氏定氮，TKN）被释放，对水生生物造成不利条件。本研究以丙酮酸（PA）和聚磷酸盐（PPS）的组合代替硫酸铵进行定界，以降低制革废水中的NH3-N和TKN。结果表明，用PA (0.5%) + PPS（1.0%）划水90 min，对废水中总氮（TKN）（86.68%）、氨氮（97.56%）、电导率（57.68%）、盐度（66.73%）、总溶解固形物（63.3%）、化学需氧量（83.61%）和生化需氧量（15.9%）均有较好的降低效果。实验定界（PA + PPS）废水中羟基脯氨酸的释放量远低于常规工艺。PA + PPS定界剂的组合将钙去除到可接受的螯合水平。物理和感官性能、收缩温度和厚度变化符合标准要求。分隔皮和皮皮的SEM照片显示了类似的纤维取向，而伪二阶（PSO）动力学显示了与伪一阶（PFO）相比令人印象深刻的分隔效应反应。因此，本研究为皮革制造提供了一条减少污染，保持环境友好的新途径。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of hydrocarbon and co-contaminants in groundwater and associated public health risks using electrical resistivity and hydrochemical data 利用电阻率和水化学数据评价地下水中的碳氢化合物和共污染物以及相关的公共健康风险

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100319

Joseph Omeiza Alao , Bala Balarabe , Daniel A. Ayejoto , Fahad Abubakar , Oche J. Otorkpa , Stanley U. Eze

Hydrocarbon plays a vital role in national and global economic development. However, the environmental impact of hydrocarbon extraction and utilization remains a challenging phenomenon, which has recorded a far worse impact on the soil, groundwater, and public health. This study applied resistivity and hydrochemical data to provide information about the distribution of potential hydrocarbon contaminants (HCCs) and co-contaminants such as heavy metals (HMs) in groundwater near a refinery and the possible associated health risks for effective environmental management and public health protection. The concentrations of HCCs and variations in electrical resistivity values were examined. The regional aquifer vulnerability to the HCCS was evaluated. Based on the study's outcomes, HCCs occur in the overburdened topsoil at depths of 0.0 m–3.5 m, with electrical resistivity values varying between 15,000 Ωm and 60,000 Ωm. These values exceeded the known subsurface resistivity values of the region as a result of the presence of HCCs. Hydrochemical data records indicate high concentrations of HCCs in groundwater ranging from 0.342 mg/L – 0.572 mg/L. The level of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in groundwater from five hand-dug wells (HDWs): HDW 1 (0.4721), HDW 2 (0.4517), HDW 3 (highest at 0.5716), HDW 4 (0.4012), and HDW 5 (lowest at 0.3421), over the Directorate of Petroleum Resources (DPR). The aquifer of the region was polluted with HMs owing to infiltrated HCCs in different range, i.e., 0.792–1.692 mg/L for zinc, 0.909–1.711 for iron, 0.711–1.612 mg/L for lead, 0.333–0.717 mg/L for chromium, and 0.038–0.081 mg/L for cadmium, and pH ranged from 5.3 to 7.1 and electrical conductivity (EC) from 0.524 to 0.777 mS/cm, corresponding to the elevated electrical resistivity contrast caused by HCCs. Data analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts of hydrocarbons and HMs, demonstrating how petrochemical industrial activities infiltrate into groundwater systems, exacerbating environmental degradation and posing serious health threats to human beings.

碳氢化合物在国家和全球经济发展中起着至关重要的作用。然而，碳氢化合物的开采和利用对环境的影响仍然是一个具有挑战性的现象，它对土壤、地下水和公众健康的影响要严重得多。本研究利用电阻率和水化学数据，提供炼油厂附近地下水中潜在碳氢化合物污染物（HCCs）和重金属（HMs）等共污染物的分布信息，以及可能存在的相关健康风险，以便进行有效的环境管理和公众健康保护。检测了HCCs的浓度和电阻率值的变化。评价了区域含水层对HCCS的脆弱性。根据研究结果，HCCs出现在深度为0.0 m - 3.5 m的超载表土中，其电阻率值在15,000 Ωm和60,000 Ωm之间变化。由于HCCs的存在，这些值超过了该地区已知的地下电阻率值。水化学数据记录表明，地下水中的HCCs浓度在0.342 mg/L - 0.572 mg/L之间。5口手挖井（HDW）的地下水总石油烃（TPH）水平：HDW 1（0.4721）、HDW 2（0.4517）、HDW 3（最高为0.5716）、HDW 4（0.4012）和HDW 5（最低为0.3421），高于石油资源管理局（DPR）。该地区含水层受到不同范围hcc的污染，锌为0.792 ~ 1.692 mg/L，铁为0.909 ~ 1.711 mg/L，铅为0.711 ~ 1.612 mg/L，铬为0.333 ~ 0.717 mg/L，镉为0.038 ~ 0.081 mg/L， pH值为5.3 ~ 7.1，电导率（EC）为0.524 ~ 0.777 mS/cm，与hcc引起的电阻率对比升高相对应。数据分析提供了对碳氢化合物和HMs的环境影响的全面了解，展示了石化工业活动如何渗入地下水系统，加剧了环境退化并对人类健康构成严重威胁。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of the synthesis route of lithium adsorbent Li/Al LDHs on physicochemical properties and extraction properties 锂吸附剂Li/Al LDHs合成路线对其理化性质及萃取性能的影响

IF 7.5 3区工程技术 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources and Industry

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wri.2025.100317

Maël Ferrand , Yves Barré , Alban Gossard , Guillaume Munier-Gondiant , Eric de Vito , Hussam Aldoori , Clio Bosia , Agnès Grandjean

Lithium can be extracted from brines using a process commonly called Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) using a lithium selective adsorbent as solid support. For that purpose, Li/Al layered double hydroxide (Li/Al LDH) are efficient materials for trapping Li⁺ in the vacant octahedral sites and chloride ions in their interlayer space. This article presents two distinct synthesis routes of Li/Al LDH materials, hydrothermal and coprecipitation, their characterizations and their Li extraction properties in synthetic brine. Indeed, the synthesis route impacts the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and hence the Li⁺ extraction performances. A link between the structural and morphological properties of the adsorbents and the extraction properties was established. The material obtained by the coprecipitation method appears more effective for extracting lithium, as it is made up of grains of small particles with a greater pore volume and a larger exchange surface. This morphological property leads directly to a fast extraction kinetics, which is an essential point for a viable DLE process. This article also shows a close link between the LiCl content in the materials and the maximum achievable extraction capacity. The two active materials studied here have in fact the same maximum capacities due to an identical LiCl content in their crystalline structure, meaning that all sorption sites can be reached under optimal extraction conditions. It is therefore crucial to understand the influence of synthesis method on the extraction performance to optimize the process.

锂可以通过一种通常称为直接锂萃取（DLE）的方法从盐水中提取，这种方法使用锂选择性吸附剂作为固体载体。为此，Li/Al层状双氧根（Li/Al LDH）是捕获空八面体位置上Li+和层间空间氯离子的有效材料。本文介绍了水热法和共沉淀法两种不同的Li/Al LDH材料合成路线及其表征和在合成盐水中的Li萃取性能。事实上，合成路线会影响吸附剂的物理化学性质，从而影响Li+的提取性能。建立了吸附剂的结构和形态特性与萃取性能之间的联系。通过共沉淀法获得的材料更有效地提取锂，因为它是由小颗粒颗粒组成的，具有更大的孔隙体积和更大的交换面。这种形态特性直接导致了快速的萃取动力学，这是可行的DLE工艺的关键。本文还显示了材料中LiCl含量与最大可实现萃取能力之间的密切联系。由于晶体结构中LiCl含量相同，本文研究的两种活性材料实际上具有相同的最大容量，这意味着在最佳提取条件下可以达到所有吸附位点。因此，了解合成方法对提取性能的影响对优化工艺至关重要。

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