Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HB EN01) and Steinernema rarum (PAM 25) nematodes on the control of cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)","authors":"E.R. Souza,&nbsp;J.G.C. Orozco,&nbsp;F.C. Duarte,&nbsp;L.C. Torres,&nbsp;M.C. Mendes","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive use of acaricides in the management of the tick <em>Rhipicephalus</em> (<em>Boophilus</em>) <em>microplus</em> has favored the development of resistance in the parasites, in addition to causing environmental contamination. In this context, biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes appears as a promising alternative. This study evaluated the efficacy of two isolates, <em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em> (HB EN01) and <em>Steinernema rarum</em> (PAM 25), in the in vitro control of <em>R</em>. (<em>B</em>.) <em>microplus</em>. Two experiments were conducted with different concentrations of nematodes. In the first, fifteen engorged females were exposed to suspensions containing 100, 200 and 300 infective juveniles (IJs) per female. The second experiment was carried out in soil substrate, with a concentration of 200 IJs per female. Three application systems were tested: S1 (females placed on the substrate before application), S2 (suspension applied before the introduction of females) and S3 (females placed in a voile bag on the substrate). For <em>S</em>. <em>rarum</em> (PAM 25), there was no significant difference in oviposition inhibition, but larval hatching was lower at concentrations of 200 and 300 IJs/female compared to 100 (p &lt; 0.05). <em>H</em>. <em>bacteriophora</em> (HB EN01) showed a significant reduction in oviposition only between concentrations of 100 and 300 IJs/female (p &lt; 0.05), with no variation in larval hatching or efficacy. On the soil substrate, both isolates showed efficacy above 80 %, except for <em>S. rarum</em> in the voile system (60 %). Treated females showed darkening and dehydration from the 4th day onwards. The control group remained healthy. The results indicate that EPNs are an effective alternative in the control of <em>R</em>. (<em>B.) microplus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 110604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of inflammasomes in the innate immune response triggered by Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation in taurine and indicine bovine hosts","authors":"Gabrielle Oliveira Soares ,&nbsp;Ana Luiza Franco ,&nbsp;Leticia dos Santos Moreira ,&nbsp;Raquel Morais de Paiva Daibert ,&nbsp;Anaclara Romano Schmitz Loures ,&nbsp;Marco Antônio Machado ,&nbsp;Marta Fonseca Martins ,&nbsp;Marcia Cristina de Azevedo Prata ,&nbsp;Emanuelle Baldo Gaspar ,&nbsp;Robert Domingues ,&nbsp;Daniele Ribeiro de Lima Reis Faza ,&nbsp;Mariana Magalhães Campos ,&nbsp;Artur Kanadani Campos ,&nbsp;Wanessa Araújo Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cattle farming is a crucial sector of Brazilian agriculture, in which infestations by <em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em> ticks pose substantial challenges to livestock productivity. These infestations cause both direct and indirect economic losses for producers and the industry. The use of acaricides, a common control method, often leads to the development of resistance in ticks, reducing the effectiveness of this approach. Adaptive immune responses, particularly those mediated by T cell activation and the production of specific antibodies, are essential for protection against parasitic infections in various species, including cattle. However, the underlying mechanisms of this response, especially inflammasome activation, remain poorly understood with respect to breed differences. These variations may influence the adaptive immune response, as taurine breeds (<em>Bos taurus</em>) and indicine breeds (<em>Bos indicus</em>) exhibit distinct immune profiles and different susceptibilities to tick infestations. This study investigated inflammasome responses in Holstein (taurine) and Gyr (indicine) cattle before and after controlled tick infestations to elucidate how innate immune responses may modulate adaptive immunity and, consequently, influence tick resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 110603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthelmintic efficacy of ethanolic extracts from two Jatropha species against monogenean gill parasites and hematological and histopathological effects on Piaractus brachypomus","authors":"Alexandra Cornejo-Rigaud ,&nbsp;Noelia Estela ,&nbsp;Marian Paredes ,&nbsp;Patrick Mathews Delgado ,&nbsp;Omar Mertins ,&nbsp;Marcos Tavares-Dias ,&nbsp;Christian Fernández-Méndez ,&nbsp;Anaí Flores Gonzales","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of ethanolic extracts from <em>Jatropha gossypiifolia</em> and <em>Jatropha curcas</em> leaves for the control of gill monogeneans, as well as their hematological and histopathological effects on <em>Piaractus brachypomus</em>. The dried and ground leaves were macerated in 96 % ethyl alcohol, and the extract was obtained through filtration followed by solvent evaporation. The chemical composition of the extract was analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In the <em>in vitro</em> assays, gills of <em>P. brachypomus</em> were exposed to extracts of <em>J. gossypiifolia</em> at concentrations of 500, 700, 1000, 1800, and 2000 mg L⁻¹ , and to <em>J. curcas</em> at 500, 700, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg L⁻¹ . Two control groups were included: water and water with alcohol. For the treatment baths, five concentrations (50, 100, 500, 700 and 2000 mg L⁻¹) were tested. At the end of the exposure period, hematological and gill histological analyses were performed. The results indicated that the extracts contained phenolic compounds, peptides, and lipids. The <em>in vitro</em> assays demonstrated that all tested concentrations induced monogenean mortality, irrespective of dose or exposure time. Fish tolerated both 50 and 100 mg L⁻¹ concentrations of the extracts. <em>J. gossypiifolia</em> reduced the mean abundance of parasites after six days of treatment, whereas <em>J. curcas</em> achieved a reduction after only three days, with efficacy exceeding 87 %. The extract of <em>J. curcas</em> induced milder alterations in hematological and histological parameters. These findings suggest that species of the genus <em>Jatropha</em> possess therapeutic potential for controlling parasitic infections in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 110601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of larval bioassays for determination of fluralaner susceptibility in Rhipicephalus microplus","authors":"Guilherme Klafke ,&nbsp;Jorgelina Torrents ,&nbsp;Priscila Teixeira Ferreira ,&nbsp;Macarena Sarli ,&nbsp;Ana Luiza Loch ,&nbsp;Barbara Rauta de Avelar ,&nbsp;Thais Ribeiro Correia Azevedo ,&nbsp;Fabio Barbour Scott ,&nbsp;Nicolás Morel ,&nbsp;Santiago Nava ,&nbsp;José Reck","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluralaner is an isoxazoline acaricide with potent activity against <em>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</em>, a major tick species affecting cattle in South America. In this study, larval bioassays were performed to evaluate the baseline susceptibility of <em>R. microplus</em> populations from Brazil and Argentina to fluralaner. The larval packet test (LPT) was applied to Brazilian laboratory and field populations, while the larval immersion test (LIT) was used in Argentina. Both tests were carried with technical grade and a commercial formulation of fluralaner. LPT results showed consistent LC₅₀ values across two susceptible laboratory strains, with resistance ratios near unity in all field samples. Similar observations were obtained with the LIT, with resistance ratios also near 1 for all tested populations from Argentina. The LIT produced LC₅₀ values approximately 100 times lower than the LPT, a difference consistent with previous studies using systemic acaricides. Both technical and commercial formulations yielded comparable results in both tests. These findings confirm the high susceptibility of <em>R. microplus</em> to fluralaner and establish reliable bioassay parameters for future resistance monitoring. The choice between LPT and LIT and technical grade or commercial formulation of fluralaner should be guided by laboratory infrastructure and logistical needs, as both methods are valid for surveillance purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 110600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental hyper-progesteronemia increases the egg shedding and fertility of Haemonchus contortus in sheep","authors":"Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán,&nbsp;Adolfo Sánchez-Paredes,&nbsp;César Cuenca-Verde,&nbsp;María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa,&nbsp;Omar Escobar-Chavarría,&nbsp;Fernando Alba-Hurtado","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperprogesteronemia effects on the establishment and fertility of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> were measured in an experimental infection in gonadectomized male lambs. Sixteen lambs were divided into two groups. Lambs from the progesterone (PG) group (n = 8) were implanted subcutaneously at week −2 with two devices (CIDR 330, Zoetis lab®) containing 600 mg of ovine progesterone. The second group (n = 8) was not implanted and served as the control. Lambs from both groups were inoculated intra-ruminally with 5000 L₃ of <em>H. contortus</em> at week 0. All lambs were humanely euthanized at week seven p.i.</div><div>All lambs in the PG group exhibited hyperprogesteronemia at the time of <em>H. contortus</em> infection. They had higher fecal egg and blood eosinophil counts than lambs in the control group (p &lt; 0.04). The female worms in the PG group had higher fertility (p &lt; 0.04) than those in the control group. No differences (p &gt; 0.05) were observed in adult worm numbers in the abomasum, female/male ratio, or antibody levels in both groups. The increase in serum progesterone levels in orchiectomized lambs at the time of infection stimulated an increase in <em>H. contortus</em> fertility, and consequently, in fecal egg counts. The above results show that the <em>H. contortus</em> parasite can recognize and respond to the presence of progesterone in vivo, strongly suggesting that this hormone plays a relevant role in the transregulation observed during peripartum rise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 110593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A serological test based on mutated recombinant Fasciola hepatica cathepsin L protease for the diagnosis of equine fasciolosis","authors":"Philipp A. Kronenberg ,&nbsp;Nathalie Fouché ,&nbsp;Mary Sekiya ,&nbsp;Pauline Liechti ,&nbsp;Caroline F. Frey ,&nbsp;Grace Mulcahy ,&nbsp;Ramon M. Eichenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fasciola hepatica</em> is a common trematode parasite of livestock in many regions, causing significant economic losses and affecting animal welfare. Horses rarely develop patent liver fluke infection. However, liver damage can affect animal health and welfare. Therefore, <em>F. hepatica</em> infection in horses may be underreported. Recently, a serological test for the antibody detection has been reported based on recombinant parasite cathepsin L1 (FhCL1) protease. Here, we optimized this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody-detection in horses with equine fasciolosis based on recombinant forms of FhCL proteases with a bioengineered diagnostic epitope mutation. Epitopes from different homologues of FhCL-proteases were modified, and canonical and mutated versions were recombinantly produced. The best performing candidate was evaluated with 175 serum samples from horses in Ireland. Seven horses suspected of having liver fluke infections were monitored for one year following treatment with triclabendazole. Additionally, a cohort of 368 samples from Swiss horses was tested to gather prevalence data. The final diagnostic test based on an epitope-mutated antigen showed a sensitivity and specificity of 65 % and 97.4 %, respectively. Follow-up of horses with suspected <em>F. hepatica</em> infection showed not only improved biochemical liver values but also a decrease in antibody titres, which fell below the test threshold after approximately 6–9 months. This group allowed for the definition of thresholds to distinguish between ambiguous/borderline results and clear positives. The prevalence of equine fasciolosis in Swiss horses was between 3.5 % and 5.7 %, depending on the applied diagnostic threshold. These results suggest that <em>F. hepatica</em> may be a neglected infection in Swiss horses. However, reliable diagnostic tests remain important, particularly for detecting cases in horses with liver disease of unknown origin or those co-grazed with ruminants in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 110592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry silica dust-based products for management of ixodids","authors":"Allan T. Showler","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ixodids transmit a variety of disease-causing agents that afflict humans, livestock, companion animals, and wildlife, as well as reducing meat and milk yields, reproduction, hide quality, and occasionally inducing death from exsanguination. While the primary control tactic has been application of conventional synthetic acaricides, resistance to many of those products has occurred among various ixodid species. This development has instigated searches for alternative control tactics, such as growth regulators, bioactive animal and botanical substances, vaccines, biological control, and silica-based dusts. Inert silica dust-based substances, including kaolin, silica gel, diatomaceous earths, and perlite are lethal to mobile ixodid life stages. The dusts are largely noninjurious to vertebrates and they have potentially indefinite shelf lives and extended residual potential after application to vegetation and animals that host ixodids, e.g., cattle. Extended residual efficacy may confer prophylactic protection of livestock. Silica-based dusts, particularly diatomaceous earths, are acceptable for use in organically certified production systems and environmentally protected areas. Ixodid resistance is unlikely to occur, and ixodid vulnerability can be maintained by using silica-based dusts formulated with botanical toxins, such as pyrethrins and thyme oil. While silica-based dusts kill immature ixodids before they commence blood-feeding on cattle, the dusts combined with botanical toxins rapidly kill actively feeding ixodids as well. It is possible that commercially available silica-based dust products, and those formulated with botanical toxins, might be amenable to organic production systems and protected habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 110591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of essential oils with acaricidal activity against the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and analysis of active components","authors":"Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Shuo Yin ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Wang ,&nbsp;Jianhua Qin ,&nbsp;Dehe Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Lijun Xu ,&nbsp;Chuanwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Dermanyssus gallinae</em> is a common ectoparasite in the laying hen industry, damaging chicken health by sucking blood. With mites developing acaricide resistance, there's an urgent need for alternatives. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of 34 essential oils (EOs) on <em>D. gallinae</em> through contact and fumigation toxicity tests. Results from contact efficacy studies showed that clove basil, cinnamon, thyme, wintergreen, oregano, palmarosa, lemongrass and geranium EOs possessed significant acaricidal activity with LC₅₀ values ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mg/cm², among which cinnamon was the most toxic. In the fumigation assay, oregano, lemongrass, palmarosa, clove basil, thyme and cinnamon both in the closed and open systems had a significantly higher vapour efficacy than others after 72 h (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), with mite mortality of 100.0 %. Cinnamon possessed the highest residual toxicity, with its effectiveness lasting up to 3 days. Clove basil, cinnamon, geranium, palmarosa, oregano and thyme exhibited effective ovicidal activity, with egg hatchability of 1.7 ± 2.9, 13.3 ± 7.6, 15.0 ± 13.2, 0.0 ± 0.0, 16.67 ± 10.4, and 18.33 ± 2.9 %, respectively. Among them, palmarosa achieved the most significant ovicidal activity. GC-MS analysis of the major compounds in the eight EOs found eugenol (77.9 %) was dominant in clove basil; trans-cinnamaldehyde (80.1 %) in cinnamon; cephrol (20.9 %) and citronellyl formate (11.4 %) in geranium; geranaldehydeial (39.7 %) and neral (36.9 %) in lemongrass; carvacrol (55.8 %) in oregano; thymol (30.3 %) in thyme; geraniol (41.0 %) and neryl alcohol (28.3 %) in palmarosa; and methyl salicylate (99.4 %) in wintergreen. These results suggest that the eight most toxic EOs may serve as effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional acaricides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acaricidal activity of green nanoparticles (TiO2) against Haemaphysalis bispinosa and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus","authors":"Sandhiya Chandran ,&nbsp;Banumathi Balan ,&nbsp;Sibiya Ashokkumar ,&nbsp;Shine Kadaikunnan ,&nbsp;Marcello Nicoletti ,&nbsp;Marimuthu Govindarajan ,&nbsp;Vaseeharan Baskaralingam","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, the in vitro efficacy of titanium isopropoxide, <em>Cassia auriculata</em> flower extract and <em>C. auriculata</em>-mediated titanium nanoparticles (<em>Ca</em>-TiO₂ NPs) as an acaricidal drug against <em>Rhipicephalus</em> (<em>Boophilus</em>) <em>microplus</em> (larvae, nymph and adult) and <em>Haemaphysalis bispinosa</em> (adult) was evaluated. The synthesized nanomaterial was then characterized through UV, XRD, FTIR, Zeta potential and HR-TEM techniques. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 289 nm. Bragg’s peaks corresponding to 1 0 1, 0 0 4, 2 0 0, 1 0 5, 2 1 1, 2<!--> <!-->0 4, 1 1 0, 2 2 0, and 2 1 5 planes in XRD analysis confirm the crystalline structure of <em>Ca</em>-TiO₂ nanoparticles. FTIR analysis identified the functional groups of <em>Ca</em>-TiO₂ NPs in the band range of 3316–573 cm⁻¹. Zeta potential represents the surface charge and stability of <em>Ca</em>-TiO₂ nanoparticles. HR-TEM analysis showed the hexagonal shape of <em>Ca</em>-TiO₂ nanoparticles with size distribution in the range of 70–140 nm. All life stages were affected in <em>R</em>. (<em>B</em>.) <em>microplus</em>: mortality was induced in larvae, nymphs and adults after treatment with <em>Ca</em>-TiO₂ NPs, but only adults from <em>H. bispinosa</em> died. At the concentration of 100 µg/mL, the adult mortality rates of <em>R. (B.) microplus</em> and <em>H. bispinosa</em> were noted to be 74 % and 68 %, respectively, after treatment with <em>Ca</em>-TiO₂ NPs. <em>R. (B.) microplus</em> nymph and larva mortality was 90 % at 100 µg/mL and 100 % at 16 µg/mL. On the other hand, the <em>C. auriculata</em> flower extract gave 28 % adult mortality against <em>R. (B.) microplus</em> and 27 % for <em>H. bispinosa</em> at the highest concentration of 100 µg/mL. Larval and nymph mortality rates of <em>R. (B.) microplus</em> were 68.8 % (16 µg/mL) and 44 % (100 µg/mL). The light microscopy of embryos from <em>R. (B.) microplus</em> distinctly shows that embryonic development is arrested. <em>Ca</em>-TiO₂ nanoparticles showed potential acaricidal activity and egg hatchability inhibition activity compared to <em>C. auriculata</em> flower extract and titanium isopropoxide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel glutathione peroxidase (EnGPX) from Eimeria necatrix contributes to oocyst wall biogenesis and confers protective immunity in chickens","authors":"Feiyan Wang ,&nbsp;Yuemei Peng ,&nbsp;Zhuang Ye ,&nbsp;Yongcui Feng ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinjun Xu ,&nbsp;Jianping Tao ,&nbsp;Dandan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coccidiosis, caused by <em>Eimeria</em> spp., represents a major threat to poultry health and global food security. The oocyst wall, a crucial structure for parasite survival and transmission, is assembled through redox-dependent protein cross-linking. While glutathione peroxidases (GPXs)-mediated redox reactions play a role in oocyst wall formation, studies on GPX in <em>Eimeria necatrix</em> are limited. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel glutathione peroxidase (EnGPX) from <em>E. necatrix</em>. Bioinformatic analysis showed that EnGPX belongs to the Cys-dependent GPX (Cys-GPX) and contains a noncanonical CxxT motif within a conserved thioredoxin domain. Recombinant protein (rEnGPX) was successfully expressed, purified, and recognized by sera from <em>Eimeria</em>-infected chickens. Immunofluorescence localization revealed that EnGPX is specifically expressed in type II wall-forming bodies (WFBII) and incorporated into the oocyst wall. Transcriptional profiling showed peak EnGPX expression in unsporulated oocysts. Immunization of chickens with rEnGPX induced robust humoral responses and provided significant protection against <em>E. necatrix</em> challenge, as evidenced by reduced lesion scores, oocyst shedding, and sporulation rates. The highest dose group achieved a moderate anticoccidial index (ACI = 161.81) and a 54.85 % reduction in oocyst output, though these preliminary results require further validation through repeated experiments. Overall, our findings position EnGPX as a redox-active enzyme essential for oocyst wall biogenesis and suggest its potential as a novel subunit vaccine candidate for avian coccidiosis control<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}