Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Double antigen sandwich ELISA for detection of antibodies against Babesia bovis.","authors":"María Evangelina Primo,&nbsp;Beatriz Susana Valentini,&nbsp;Matilde Mazzucco Panizza,&nbsp;Nicolás Morel,&nbsp;Carolina Soledad Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Babesia bovis</em> is a hemoparasite responsible for bovine babesiosis, an economically important tickborne disease widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Serological tests are used in calves to evaluate the need for vaccination and the immunity achieved after vaccination. We developed, validated, and evaluated under field conditions a double-antigen sandwich ELISA (dasELISA) using a recombinant major surface antigen 2c (MSA2c) from a pathogenic and an attenuated <em>B. bovis</em> strain. The tests were validated using a panel of 1057 serum samples of known status (217 known-positive and 840 known-negative). Samples from 116 herds (n = 2771) were evaluated by indirect ELISA (iELISA) and dasELISA. Samples with disagreement between ELISAs (231 out of 594, 38.9 %) were analyzed by IFAT. The dasELISA cutoff was ≥ 52 %P, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 94.5 % (95 % CI, 90.5–97.1) and a diagnostic specificity of 96.4 % (95 % CI, 94.9–97.6). The area under the curve (AUC) was assessed to be 0.979, which corresponds to an excellent ability of the assay to discriminate truly infected from truly uninfected animals. Concordance among dasELISA and iELISA was 78.6 %, with a κ value of 0.567 (95 % CI = 0.537–0.598); meanwhile, 57 % and 43 % of the IFAT results agreed with dasELISA and iELISA, respectively. The dasELISA could be useful for large-scale detection of anti–<em>B. bovis</em> antibodies in calves pre- and post-vaccination and for seroepidemiologic investigations, given its appropriate sensitivity and specificity and the simplicity of production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 110657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasciola hepatica vaccine based on Kunitz-type molecule reduces adult worm fecundity in experimentally infected sheep","authors":"María Ahumada ,&nbsp;Lorena Guasconi ,&nbsp;Belkys Angélica Maletto ,&nbsp;Constanza Marín ,&nbsp;Santiago Daniel Palma ,&nbsp;Cesar Iván Pruzzo ,&nbsp;Corvo Ileana ,&nbsp;Gabriel Caffe ,&nbsp;Ana María Martin ,&nbsp;Laura Chiapello ,&nbsp;Laura Cervi","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fasciolosis is a widespread and continuously expanding helminthiasis caused by the trematode <em>Fasciola hepatica</em>. Sheep and cattle are the primary definitive hosts of <em>F. hepatica</em> and are economically significant hosts for this pathogen worldwide. <em>F. hepatica</em> is not only a major threat to livestock but also an important neglected zoonosis. Reports of anthelmintic resistance in <em>F. hepatica</em> emphasize the urgent need for the development of an effective vaccine. Such a vaccine would reduce the impact and spread of the disease by decreasing the number of viable eggs, as well as reducing the adult worm population, ultimately leading to less liver damage. In a previous study, we demonstrated the ability of the <em>F. hepatica</em> Kunitz-type molecule synthetic (sFhKTM), formulated with a liquid crystal nanostructure created through the self-assembly of 6-O-ascorbyl palmitate ester (Coa-ASC16) and the synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cytosine-guanine motifs (CpG-ODN) to provide protection against <em>F. hepatica</em> in infected mice. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of the vaccine sFhKT/CpG-ODN/Coa-ASC16 in sheep. The formulation containing the highest sFhKT dose was the most effective, significantly reducing fecal egg counts by 81.6 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). It also reduced worm burden by 55.7 % (<em>p</em> = 0.179), although this difference was not statistically significant. The addition of Cathepsin L3 (FhCL3) further reduced fecal egg counts (89.1 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) but resulted in a lower reduction in worm burden (24.06 %). Sheep vaccinated with sFhKT/CpG-ODN/Coa-ASC16 exhibited slightly less hepatic damage than non-vaccinated animals, with histological lesions characterized by increased inflammatory infiltrates. The experimental vaccine FhKT/CpG-ODN/Coa-ASC16 induced non-significantly greater IgG titers in immunized sheep compared to non-vaccinated controls. The <em>variation</em> in efficacy observed between the sFhKT doses highlights the need for additional trials using higher protein concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 110654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative metagenomic profiling of microbial pathogen diversity in Haemaphysalis longicornis and Hyalomma dromedarii ticks","authors":"Luo Jin ,&nbsp;Lan Xinting ,&nbsp;Zhao Shuaiyang ,&nbsp;Ren Qiaoyun ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif Obaid ,&nbsp;Diao Peiwen ,&nbsp;Guan Guiquan ,&nbsp;Liu Guangyuan ,&nbsp;Yin Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks are globally important vectors of human and animal pathogens. This study characterized microbial communities in <em>Haemaphysalis longicornis</em> (from humid Zhangjiachuan County) and <em>Hyalomma dromedarii</em> (from arid Minqin County, Gansu Province, China) using metagenomic sequencing. We identified diverse bacteria and viruses including known pathogens (<em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em>, <em>Totivirus</em> spp., <em>Escherichia</em> spp.) and potentially novel agents (<em>Totivirus</em>-like and <em>Trachysalambria</em> curvirostris-associated sequences). These results highlight the role of these tick species in pathogen transmission across different environments and emphasize the need for region-specific surveillance. Our findings contribute to the understanding of tick-borne disease risks and inform strategies for targeted control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 110656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of qPCR assay targeting COWP conserved region for sensitive detection and quantification of Cryptosporidium infections","authors":"Hend Okasha ,&nbsp;Hadeer A. El-Kalamawy ,&nbsp;Ahmed R. Mashaal ,&nbsp;Eman S. El-Wakil","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Cryptosporidium</em> is a significant food and waterborne protozoan parasite. Molecular diagnosis and quantification play a crucial role in diagnosing infections, as well as in understanding the transmission dynamics. The <em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene serves as an appropriate target for such assays since it remains conserved uniquely among significant species.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The current research focused on developing and validating a sensitive and specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) test targeting a conserved domain of the COWP gene to detect and quantify various <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Design of selective degenerate primers on a conserved domain in the major <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. COWP gene. A COWP DNA library was constructed using molecular cloning into pET-15b vector to be used as a precursor for a standard curve absolute quantification strategy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The designed primers successfully amplified a 311–317 bp product, with specificity tested using melt curve analysis. The slope of the standard curve was −3.279, efficiency of 100.8 %, and R² = 0.95 (p &lt; 0.0001) with LOD equals 9.55 × 10⁴ copies /µL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A qPCR assay that is both sensitive and efficient was developed and validated. The method produces a reliable technique of absolute quantitation of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> DNA in samples of unknown quantity, from which infection rates may be estimated accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 110653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy assessment of a chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel in the treatment of Angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs","authors":"Anne Lloyd ,&nbsp;Lore Van Mechelen ,&nbsp;Carleen Van Overloop ,&nbsp;Padraig Doherty ,&nbsp;Jakob L. Willesen ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Solari Basano ,&nbsp;Thomas Geurden","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Angiostrongylosis, caused by <em>Angiostrongylus vasorum</em>, is an important clinical disease in dogs in Europe with infection transmitted through infected snails and slugs which function as intermediate hosts. Previous studies demonstrated the preventive efficacy of a monthly administration of moxidectin in combination with sarolaner and pyrantel (Simparica Trio® chewable tablet (SMP); Zoetis). An experimental infection study and a field study were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SMP for the treatment of infections with adult stages of <em>A. vasorum</em> in dogs. The experimental study evaluated the efficacy of a single (n = 7 dogs) or repeated dose (n = 8 dogs) of SMP at the minimum recommended dose of 1.2 mg/kg sarolaner, 0.024 mg/kg moxidectin and 5 mg/kg pyrantel (as pamoate salt) administered as a chewable tablet. against an induced infection with 200 (±10) L3 <em>A. vasorum</em> at least 63 days prior to treatment on Day 0, compared to a placebo control product (n = 8 dogs). Efficacy was determined based on adult worm counts 56 or 57 days after treatment. The field study at veterinary <em>practices</em> in Italy and Denmark evaluated the efficacy and safety of SMP in client-owned dogs (n = 66). Advocate® Spot On (100 mg/mL (minimum 10 mg/kg) imidacloprid + 25 mg/mL (minimum 2.5 mg/kg) moxidectin from Elanco Animal Health, n = 37) was used as the control product. Treatment was administered on Day 0 and repeated on Day 30 if the dog was still positive for <em>A. vasorum</em> larvae. Faecal samples were collected and analyzed with the modified Baermann method in-between scheduled visits. In the experimental study the percentage reduction in geometric mean adult worm counts compared to the placebo-treated group was 98.3 % (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) after a single dose of SMP and 99.6 % <em>(P</em> &lt; 0.0001) after two doses. In the field study, faecal larvae counts were reduced by 90 % or more in 90.9 % of the dogs in the SMP-treated group at Day 30 and in 98.5 % of dogs at Day 60. Compared to the pre-treatment faecal larvae counts a geometric mean percent reduction of 96.7 % was observed on Day 30 and 99.1 % on Day 60 in the SMP treated group. Both in the experimental and in the field study, SMP as a chewable tablet was well tolerated and resulted in a high efficacy against adult <em>A. vasorum</em> infections after a single treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 110652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Giardia infections in dogs: Longitudinal analysis of cyst excretion and fecal consistency in young and adult dogs","authors":"Bregt Decorte,&nbsp;Edwin Claerebout,&nbsp;Peter Geldhof","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Giardia</em> infections are common in dogs, yet uncertainties remain regarding their clinical relevance and whether effective immunity develops over time. This study investigated <em>Giardia</em> infection dynamics in young and adult dogs through a longitudinal follow-up, assessing cyst excretion, potential indicators of immune development and associations with fecal consistency. Puppies were monitored monthly for five months after arriving in new households, while adult group-housed dogs across five study groups were followed biweekly over two months, with cyst excretion quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy. A substantial proportion of puppies exhibited chronic infection, consistently shedding high cyst levels, suggesting incomplete or delayed protective immunity. Infection status upon arrival strongly predicted chronicity, with puppies from professional breeders at higher risk compared with those from non-professional breeders. Similarly, chronic and high-intensity infections were prevalent in group-housed adult dogs, indicating an apparent absence of effective immune development. Although fenbendazole treatment was administered in some study groups, it only temporarily reduced cyst excretion; infection prevalence and cyst burdens remained persistently elevated. In puppies, <em>Giardia</em>-positive individuals showed a non-significant trend toward looser stools compared with negatives. In adult dogs, infected individuals had significantly higher odds of looser stools (OR: 2.32, p = 0.007). Furthermore, cyst excretion levels were positively correlated with fecal consistency scores in adult dogs. These findings emphasize the chronic nature of <em>Giardia</em> across age groups and suggest early infection status and environmental contamination significantly influence infection persistence. This study provides the first evidence linking <em>Giardia</em> cyst load to fecal consistency in adult dogs, highlighting potential clinical relevance of giardiosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 110650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance concerns and coccidiosis management in rabbit farming: Insights from robenidine, diclazuril and feed evaluations","authors":"D. Häner-Grolimund ,&nbsp;D. Stucki ,&nbsp;J. Schwarz ,&nbsp;D. Wiederkehr ,&nbsp;C.F. Frey","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rabbit coccidiosis, caused by <em>Eimeria</em> species and presenting in both hepatic and intestinal forms, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in meat rabbits (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>). Effective control strategies are urgently needed. This field study assessed the efficacy of two coccidiostats - robenidine and diclazuril – as well as a nutritionally optimized feed (referred to as “altered feed”), either on its own or supplemented with a resin acid-based additive, in managing coccidiosis. A total of 579 rabbits were allocated to five distinct feeding groups across two farms during two consecutive fattening cycles. Rabbits receiving diclazuril exhibited significantly lower oocyst per gram (OPG) values in environmental fecal samples and a markedly reduced risk of liver coccidiosis compared to all other groups (p &lt; 0.0001). In contrast, robenidine did not have a significant effect on OPG values, although it reduced the risk for liver coccidiosis. An overall mortality of 20.9 % was observed, with gastrointestinal and pulmonary alterations identified as the main causes of death in necropsy. This highlights the critical need for improved health management during the fattening cycles. The altered feed, particularly when supplemented with the resin acid-based additive, shows promise but warrants further investigation, as it performed either similarly to or better as the commercial feeds in terms of morbidity and mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 110651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous changes and cellular infiltration in response to tick attachment in Namaqua Afrikaner, Dorper and South African Mutton Merino sheep","authors":"K. Thutwa ,&nbsp;J.B. van Wyk ,&nbsp;K. Dzama ,&nbsp;P.T. Muvhali ,&nbsp;S.W.P. Cloete","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Host immune reaction to tick infestation is crucial for minimizing parasite burdens and reducing the transmission of pathogens, ultimately improving livestock health, welfare and productivity. It is unclear how divergent sheep breeds respond to tick infestation in South Africa. This study explored local cutaneous cellular immune responses in to tick infestation, a critical factor in reducing parasite burdens, limiting disease transmission, and improving livestock health, welfare and productivity. Breed-specific differences in cellular infiltration and skin responses at tick attachment and adjacent non-attachment sites were studied in 89 mature ewes maintained in the same flock. In total, 21 Namaqua Afrikaner (NA), 29 South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) and 39 Dorper ewes were used. Skin biopsies per ewe from both tick attachment and non-attachment control sites were analyzed histologically. The results showed marked variation in immune responses within and between breeds. Although skin changes were generally more pronounced at tick attachment sites across all breeds, four skin defects (spongiosis, apopthosis, necrosis and collagen degeneration) in the NA breed showed no difference between sites. All breeds exhibited similar frequencies of skin defects at tick attachment sites. Cellular infiltration was more common at tick attachment sites, with the NA and SAMM breeds showing more pronounced leukocyte infiltration than the Dorper breed. Notably, basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils were more frequently observed at tick attachment sites in NA sheep compared to the Dorper, followed by occasional increases in the SAMM breed. These findings highlight divergent breed-related immune responses to tick infestation and underscore the role of specific immune cells in mediating resistance, with the NA showing an enhanced response to tick attachment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 110640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between fecal egg counts and intestinal nematode burden of naturally infected dogs, derived from records of anthelmintic efficacy studies","authors":"D. Hamel ,&nbsp;T. Lindner ,&nbsp;S. Rehbein","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using data collected in parasiticide efficacy studies for canine nematodes, the relation between fecal egg count (FEC) and worm burden was retrospectively explored. For the analysis, the FEC count at inclusion of the dogs into the studies and the adult nematode count established at the end of the studies, approximately 2 weeks after the FEC, were used. In total, information was available from 211, 233, 33 and 245 nematode-positive dogs of various age and sex with naturally acquired <em>Uncinaria stenocephala</em> (1–612 nematodes), <em>Toxocara canis</em> (1–91 nematodes), <em>Toxascaris leonina</em> (1–81 nematodes) and <em>Trichuris vulpis</em> (1–2780 nematodes) infections, respectively, of which 172, 195, 26 and 209 dogs, respectively, had a positive FEC. Analysis was conducted on log-transformed FEC and nematode counts to convert the data towards a normal distribution. The variables FEC, age, sex and body weight were analyzed in a linear model as predictors for the nematode count. Resulting models revealed only the FEC as significant predictor for the nematode count in all nematode species. The final linear regression model using log-transformed s accounted for 68 %, 50 %, 41 % and 39 % of the variation observed in the log-transformed burden of <em>U. stenocephala</em>, <em>T. vulpis</em>, <em>T. leonina</em> and <em>T. canis</em>, respectively (all p &lt; 0.0001). Within the limitations of the nature of the data, these results indicate that FEC can provide useful information on the burden of common nematodes in naturally infected dogs with more value with respect to <em>U. stenocephala</em> and <em>T. vulpis</em> infections and less for ascarid infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 110639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiparasitic effects of copper nanoparticles on monogeneans Dactylogyrus spp. in Cyprinus carpio koi associated with physiological and histological alterations","authors":"Gracienhe Gomes dos Santos ,&nbsp;Domickson Silva Costa ,&nbsp;Paola Capistrano dos Santos ,&nbsp;Gabriele Bueno dos Anjos ,&nbsp;Marilia Tedesco ,&nbsp;Elenice Martins Brasil ,&nbsp;Caio Francisco Santana Farias ,&nbsp;Diego José Nogueira ,&nbsp;Bruno Luis Ferreira ,&nbsp;Eduardo Sidinei Chaves ,&nbsp;José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño ,&nbsp;Mauricio Laterça Martins ,&nbsp;Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the antiparasitic effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs, 44.33 nm) and their influence on hematological, ionic, and gill histological parameters of <em>Cyprinus carpio</em> koi. A total of 240 fish were distributed into four experimental groups: control (no copper exposure) and three groups treated with CuNPs (0.3, 0.6, and 1.25 mg/L) for 5 h. After exposure, some individuals were maintained for 48 h to evaluate potential reinfection and physiological alterations. Exposure to CuNPs significantly reduced infestation by <em>Dactylogyrus minutus</em> and <em>Dactylogyrus extensus</em>, particularly at 1.25 mg/L. After 48 h, an increase in total erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils was observed in the groups exposed to 0.6 and 1.25 mg/L CuNPs, along with a reduction in hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Plasma chloride levels were most affected in the groups exposed to 0.6 mg/L at 5 h and 0.3 mg/L at 48 h, while calcium showed a significant reduction over time. Histological analyses revealed gill lesions such as lamellar congestion, lamellar fusion, eosinophilic and mononuclear inflammation, hyperplasia, and necrosis, which were more evident after 5 h of exposure and reduced after 48 h of CuNPs exposure. Despite the antiparasitic efficacy of CuNPs, their physiological effects require further studies to determine safe therapeutic doses for controlling monogeneans in this host fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 110638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}