Veterinary parasitology最新文献

Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1/G3), is a major zoonosis with a complex transmission cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the mitochondrial genetic stability of E. granulosus s.s. across different life stages and host species using a controlled experimental infection model. To achieve this, mitochondrial genetic variation was analyzed separately in protoscoleces (naturally infected sheep), adult worms (experimentally infected dogs), and hydatid cysts (experimentally infected lambs), to assess within- and between-group genetic stability. Mitochondrial gene regions CO1 (875 bp) and NADH1 (1009 bp) were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic, haplotype, and neutrality analyses revealed that all isolates clustered within a single monophyletic group. While CO1 showed moderate haplotype (Hd = 0.730) and low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00267), NADH1 displayed higher haplotypic and nucleotide diversity (Hd = 0.983; π = 0.00876). Significantly negative Fu's Fs values for both markers suggested a recent demographic expansion, potentially driven by clonal amplification under low evolutionary pressure. Despite the presence of several haplotypes, no host- or tissue-specific genetic differentiation was observed. These findings demonstrate the genetic continuity of E. granulosus s.s. throughout its life cycle and confirm the suitability of mitochondrial markers for molecular tracking and epidemiological studies in endemic regions.

There are various parasite pathogens that infect cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats, with fasciolosis being one of the most common. This article established a glutathione s-transferase (GST) evaluation for Fasciola spp infection and explored its application value as diagnostic tool for assess the hepatic damage, linking it with histopathological findings and the lesion score for the degree of infection with Fasciola spp. Thirty-two animals of cattle species were assigned. The investigation gathered fecal samples for sedimentation counts, blood samples for serum (GST quantification), and two tissue samples from a fasciolosis-infected liver (one in formalin for histopathological examination and the other for homogenate preparation for GST estimation). The animals were divided into four groups (8 each): Severely infected group (SG), Moderate infected group (MoG), Mild infected group (MiG), and non-infected group (C-ve). In sedimentation, SG showed a significantly higher fecal egg count but lower serum and homogenate GST values compared to other groups, while serum and homogenate GST values were lower in SG and MoG than in other groups. MiG group had higher values than C-ve, MoG and SG groups, respectively. Furthermore, pathological lesion scores were gradually increased from low to high in groups viz. (MiG, MoG, and SG, respectively). Hepatic fasciolosis is still a big economic problem in the veterinary field. GST could assess hepatic damage in the case of chronic fasciolosis.

LAMP is a highly sensitive technique and is a useful and applicable tool for DNA detection. This study presents and compares alternative evaluations of the PAR-LAMP for paramphistome DNA detection using electrochemical signal measurements of methylene blue (MB) on screen-printed graphene electrodes (SPGEs) among the other LAMP applications. Two LAMP-MB signal evaluations are (i) the dropping LAMP-MB mixture and (ii) MB-DNA probe on SPGEs. These assays revealed a decrease in the current change (∆I) for positive result using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The dropping LAMP-MB mixture evaluation showed a higher fold current change difference (∆∆I/I₀) than the other evaluation and showed that the positive and negative results can be significantly discriminated. The analytical specificity assay revealed that the target paramphistome DNAs were detectable by the dropping LAMP-MB mixture assay, leading to an increase of the ∆∆I, which was significantly higher than the negative LAMP (P < 0.05). For analytical sensitivity, the gradient DNA concentrations of two paramphistomes were used to construct calibration curves and standard linear regression equations, and these revealed the lowest detected DNA compared with the other LAMP applications, including agarose gel electrophoresis and colorimetry. The electrochemical evaluation can detect a paramphistome egg, as well as the contaminated egg in the host's faeces. In addition, the estimated DNA for a paramphistome egg was calculated using a faeces-interfered factor. This is the first known application of electrochemical assay for parasite egg detection and the DNA quantification in faeces. Therefore, the application of the electrochemical LAMP-MB measurement using SPGEs, particularly the dropping LAMP-MB mixture assay, presented an effective diagnostic tool for DNA quantification in faeces as clinical specimens.