Veterinary parasitology最新文献_第6页

Smart farming with AI: Enhancing anemia detection in small ruminants 人工智能智能农业：增强对小反刍动物贫血的检测

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110627

Sadia Farhana

引用次数: 0

In vitro and in silico studies of GST-inhibitory and larvicidal activities of alkaloids against Rhipicephalus microplus 生物碱对微头虱gst抑制和杀幼虫活性的体外和室内研究。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110628

Amanda Ponce Morais Cerqueira , Matheus da Cunha Santos , Gabriel Lima Soares Rezende , Manoelito Coelho dos Santos Junior , Mariana Borges Botura

The resistance of Rhipicephalus microplus to the main commercial acaricides has stimulated research for new antiparasitic agents, including natural products as an alternative to eco-friendly control. Among the main classes of secondary metabolites of plants stand out the alkaloids, which are characterized by a variety of biological activities such as enzymatic inhibition. The enzyme Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important catalyst of xenobiotic detox reactions in arthropods and represents a promising target in the acaricide development. This work aimed to associate in silico and in vitro assays for the identification of alkaloids with inhibitory action against GST from R. microplus (RmGST). The model of RmGST was designed using the SWISS-MODEL online server and validated by molecular dynamics. The molecular affinity of alkaloids with RmGST was assessed using the DOCK 6.9 program and the best molecules were employed in in vitro assays. The in vitro assays performed were enzymatic inhibition and larval immersion tests. Molecular dynamics was run with GROMACS for alkaloid selected from in silico and in vitro analyses. The RmGST model shown to be sterically and energetically acceptable. In molecular dynamics simulations, the 3D structure remains stable with Root Mean Square Deviation = 4.35 Å and Root Mean Square Fluctuation = 2.21 Å. All the 20 alkaloids tested in molecular docking analyses show molecular affinity to the RmGST. Colchicine and papaverine show the best GridScocre: −38.09 and −36.09 kcal/mol, respectively. In in vitro enzymatic evaluation, colchicine exhibited more activity (81.73 %, 0.5 mg/mL) in comparison to papaverine (27.8 %, 0.5 mg/mL). However, these alkaloids did not interfere in vitro with the viability of R. microplus larvae. The colchicine contributed to the stability of the RmGST model in molecular dynamics simulations and presented hydrophobic and hydrogen interactions with residues from the orthosteric site. The association of in silico and in vitro techniques allowed the identification of two potential RmGST inhibitors (colchinine and papaverine) capable of interacting in the active site of the enzyme. RmGST inhibitors can be used in association with acaricides for a more effective control of R. microplus reducing parasite resistance.

微加鼻头虫对主要的商业杀螨剂的抗性刺激了对新型抗寄生虫剂的研究，包括天然产品作为生态友好控制的替代方案。在植物次生代谢产物的主要类别中，生物碱具有多种生物活性，如酶抑制作用。谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶（GST）是节肢动物外源排毒反应的重要催化剂，在杀螨剂的开发中具有广阔的应用前景。本研究旨在通过体外和硅质联用方法鉴定具有抑制GST作用的生物碱。利用SWISS-MODEL在线服务器设计RmGST模型，并进行分子动力学验证。使用DOCK 6.9程序评估生物碱与RmGST的分子亲和性，并采用最佳分子进行体外实验。体外实验进行酶抑制和幼虫浸泡试验。用GROMACS对从硅和体外分析中选择的生物碱进行分子动力学分析。RmGST模型在空间和能量上是可以接受的。在分子动力学模拟中，三维结构保持稳定，均方根偏差= 4.35 Å，均方根波动= 2.21 Å。所有20种生物碱在分子对接分析中都显示出与RmGST的分子亲和性。秋水仙碱和罂粟碱的gridscore最高，分别为-38.09和-36.09 kcal/mol。在体外酶评价中，秋水仙碱的酶活性（81.73 %,0.5 mg/mL）高于罂粟碱（27.8 %,0.5 mg/mL）。然而，这些生物碱在体外不影响小夜蛾幼虫的生存能力。秋水仙碱有助于RmGST模型在分子动力学模拟中的稳定性，并与正构位残基表现出疏水和氢相互作用。硅和体外技术的结合允许鉴定两种潜在的RmGST抑制剂（秋碱和罂粟碱）能够在酶的活性位点相互作用。RmGST抑制剂可与杀螨剂联合使用，以更有效地控制微夜蛾，降低寄生虫抗性。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic in vitro effects of albendazole and minocycline on the viability of hydatid cyst protoscoleces 阿苯达唑和米诺环素体外协同作用对包虫囊原头节活力的影响。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110624

Nafiseh Hajiheidari , Hossein Amini Khoei , Kobra Mokhtarian , Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki

Hydatid disease poses a major zoonotic threat, affecting human health and livestock. Although albendazole is the standard treatment, it may cause adverse effects at high serum levels. This study investigated the protoscolicidal efficacy of minocycline alone and in combination with albendazole, compared to albendazole monotherapy, on hydatid cyst protoscoleces from sheep liver. Protoscoleces were aseptically aspirated from the sheep livers containing hydatid cysts. A total of 30,000 protoscoleces were suspended in 300 µl of normal saline and exposed to various concentrations of minocycline (10, 25, 50, 75, 125, 250, and 500 µg/ml) and albendazole (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 µg/ml) for 10, 30, and 60 min, and subsequently from 1 h up to 43 h of incubation, in triplicate. The viability of the protoscoleces was assessed using 0.1 % eosin staining. The combination of Minocycline and Albendazole significantly reduced protoscoleces viability (P < 0.05). All the treatment groups demonstrated progressive reductions in cell viability over time. Notably, combination therapy reduced viability to zero at 22 h, wherase Albendazole and Minocycline alone reached 0 % and 1.3 % viability, respectively, at 43 h. The combination of minocycline and albendazole produced significantly, partially, stronger scolicidal activity than either monotherapy, achieving complete protoscolex mortality within ∼22 h compared with 43 h for albendazole and incomplete killing with minocycline alone (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that this drug combination may enhance treatment efficacy for hydatid disease and warrants further in vivo evaluation.

包虫病是一种严重的人畜共患疾病，影响人类健康和牲畜。虽然阿苯达唑是标准的治疗方法，但在高血清水平时可能会引起不良反应。本研究考察了米诺环素单用和联合阿苯达唑治疗羊肝包虫病原头节的疗效，并与阿苯达唑单用进行了比较。从含有包虫囊肿的绵羊肝脏无菌抽吸原头节。将总共30,000个原头节悬浮在300 µl生理盐水中，并暴露于不同浓度的米诺环素（10、25、50、75、125、250和500 µg/ml）和阿苯达唑（31.25、62.5、125、250、500、1000和2000µg/ml）中10、30和60 min，随后从1 h到43 h，一组重复。用0.1 %伊红染色评估原头节的活力。米诺环素和阿苯达唑联合使用可显著降低原头节活力(P

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of the protective immune response of Live vs. inactivated NC-a strain as an experimental vaccine for Neospora caninum in Balb/c mice NC-a活疫苗与灭活疫苗对Balb/c小鼠犬新孢子虫保护性免疫反应的比较

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110625

Matin Khosropour , Mehdi Namavari , Salomeh Shirali , Zahra Bootorabi , Zahra Khabazan

Developing an effective vaccine for Neosporosis is critical for its control and prevention. Our previous research introduced the attenuated strain prepared by long-term passage on the J774 cell line (NC-a) that yielded successful results in terms of protective immune response in mice. Given the preference for inactivated over live vaccines, this study evaluated the NC-a strain in its inactivated form (I. NC-a) with different adjuvants in a Balb/c mouse. Fifty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: G1 (I. NC-a with aluminum hydroxide), G2 (I. NC-a with Montanide ISA 70), G3 (I. NC-a without adjuvant), G4 (live NC-a), and G5 (negative control). Mice were immunized twice, 21 days apart, with 2 × 10⁶ NC-a tachyzoites, followed by a challenge with 2.5 × 10⁶ virulent NC-1 tachyzoites. Survival rates, serological tests assessing humoral and cellular immune responses and also, molecular testing were conducted. Serological results revealed that, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the vaccinated groups and the G5, as well as between adjuvanted inactivated vaccine groups (G1, G2) and the live vaccine group (G4). Also, the survival rate of mice in group G2 and G4 was about 90 %. In general, an important point is the adjuvant-inactivated strain induced comparable and potentially superior protective immune responses to the live strain. These results highlight the promise of inactive vaccines and suggest that complementary research could lead to a functional and safe neosporosis vaccine for various hosts, diverging from the focus on live vaccines dominant in protozoan studies.

开发有效的新孢子虫病疫苗对于控制和预防新孢子虫病至关重要。我们之前的研究介绍了通过在J774细胞系（NC-a）上长期传代制备的减毒菌株，在小鼠的保护性免疫反应方面取得了成功的结果。鉴于对灭活疫苗的偏好高于活疫苗，本研究在Balb/c小鼠中评估了不同佐剂灭活型NC-a菌株（I. NC-a）。50只Balb/c小鼠随机分为5组：G1组（ⅰ。NC-a加氢氧化铝）、G2组（ⅰ。NC-a加Montanide ISA 70）、G3组（ⅰ。NC-a不加佐剂）、G4组（活NC-a）、G5组（阴性对照）。小鼠免疫两次，间隔21天，接种2个 × 10⁶NC-1速殖子，然后接种2.5个 × 10⁶毒力NC-1速殖子。生存率、评估体液和细胞免疫反应的血清学测试以及分子测试。血清学结果显示，接种组与G5之间、佐剂灭活疫苗组（G1、G2）与活疫苗组（G4）之间存在显著差异（P <； 0.05）。G2和G4组小鼠的存活率约为90% %。一般来说，重要的一点是佐剂灭活菌株诱导了与活菌株相当且可能更好的保护性免疫反应。这些结果突出了非活性疫苗的前景，并表明补充研究可能导致针对各种宿主的功能和安全的新孢子病疫苗，而不是专注于原生动物研究中占主导地位的活疫苗。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy of fluralaner against natural infestations of Haemaphysalis longicornis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus in dogs under field conditions in China 氟拉烷对犬长角血蜱和血鼻虫自然侵染的田间防治效果研究。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110626

Jie Hu , Yanyang Yuan , Famiao Zeng , Ming Yang , Zhuo Chen , Zhihui Hao

Tick infestations compromise canine health and facilitate zoonotic pathogen transmission. This randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter field study evaluated the efficacy and safety of fluralaner chewable tablets against natural tick infestations in dogs in China. Dogs naturally infested with ≥ 5 ticks were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive either a laboratory-developed fluralaner chewable tablet (experimental) or the reference product BRAVECTO® (control), with dosing according to body-weight bands. At baseline (Day 0), whole-body tick counts (≥10 min), lesion-severity scoring, and microscopic identification of a tick subsample were performed; follow-up assessments occurred on Days 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84, with the final visit on Day 56 for dogs infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus and on Day 84 for those with other species, notably Haemaphysalis longicornis. A total of 120 dogs were enrolled, and two tick species were identified: H. longicornis and R. sanguineus. Relative to baseline, mean tick counts were reduced by 99.95 % (experimental) and 99.83 % (control); 98.33 % of dogs were tick-free on Day 7, and 100 % were tick-free from Day 14 through the final visit (Day 56/84). Skin lesions improved significantly, with complete resolution by Day 28 and no recurrence thereafter. No treatment-related adverse events were observed. These findings indicated that fluralaner chewable tablets provided effective control of natural tick infestations and achieved complete tick-free status for 12 weeks against H. longicornis and 8 weeks against R. sanguineus under field conditions.

蜱虫感染危害犬类健康并促进人畜共患病原体传播。这项随机、研究者盲法、多中心的实地研究评估了氟拉烷咀嚼片对中国犬自然蜱虫感染的有效性和安全性。招募自然感染≥ 5只蜱的狗，按1:1随机分配，接受实验室开发的氟拉烷咀嚼片（实验）或参考产品BRAVECTO®（对照），根据体重带给药。在基线（第0天），进行全身蜱虫计数（≥10 min）、损伤严重程度评分和蜱虫亚样本的显微鉴定；随访评估在第7、14、28、56和84天进行，最后一次访问是在第56天，对感染了血鼻虫的狗进行最后一次访问，对感染了其他物种（特别是长角血蜱）的狗进行最后一次访问。共登记了120只狗，鉴定出两种蜱：长角蜱和血蜱。与基线相比，蜱虫平均计数分别减少99.95 %（实验组）和99.83 %（对照组）；98.33 %的狗在第7天无蜱，100 %的狗从第14天到最后一次访问（第56/84天）无蜱。皮肤病变明显改善，第28天完全消退，此后无复发。未观察到与治疗相关的不良事件。结果表明，氟拉烷咀嚼片能有效控制自然蜱虫侵害，在野外条件下对长角蜱虫和血鼠分别达到12周和8周的无蜱状态。

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引用次数: 0

Timing is everything – Choosing the right time to screen the herd for neosporosis 时机决定一切——选择合适的时间对牛群进行新孢子病筛查。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110622

Sharon Tirosh-Levy , Elena Blinder , Jacob Joost Doekes , Monica L. Mazuz

Neosporosis is a major cause of abortions in cattle, leading to economic losses. As no effective treatment or vaccine is currently available, the only strategy to reduce the impact of neosporosis in endemic herds is implementation of control programs, based on serological surveillance. This study aimed to determine the optimal timing for serological testing. Sera were collected from 132 heifers at three farms at three months intervals, between the ages 5 and 28 months. Neospora serological status and antibody titers were evaluated by IFAT, and by ELISA on the first sampling. The agreement between ELISA and IFAT results was 89.9 % (Kappa=0.798). Overall Neospora seroprevalence ranged between 36 % and 66 % on different dates. The antibody titers of almost all heifers fluctuated over time. Of 91 heifers that were sampled on 5 occasions, 67 % maintained their serological status throughout the study. Most cases of negative heifers that become positive in one or more tests (19 of 21 heifers) were transient, while only three remained persistently infected in all further tests. Seropositivity was significantly lower in lactating cows than in pregnant cows or heifers. The results of the first sampling date were representative of the overall status on all dates, with an agreement of 94.5 % (Kappa=0.889). The results demonstrate how fluctuations in antibody titers may affect the sensitivity of serological surveillance. Sampling young heifers, prior to their first insemination may be advisable, allowing future discrimination between what appear to be new infection, which is mostly transient, and congenital or chronic infections, which are usually life-long. This information may assist in the implementation of effective control measures in the herd.

新孢子病是牛流产的主要原因，造成经济损失。由于目前没有有效的治疗方法或疫苗，减少地方性猪群中新孢子病影响的唯一策略是在血清学监测的基础上实施控制规划。本研究旨在确定血清学检测的最佳时机。研究人员在3个农场的132头小母牛身上每隔3个月采集一次血清，年龄在5至28个月之间。新孢子虫血清学状态和抗体滴度在第一次取样时用IFAT和ELISA检测。ELISA与IFAT结果的一致性为89.9 % （Kappa=0.798）。总体新孢子虫血清阳性率在不同日期范围在36% %和66% %之间。几乎所有小母牛的抗体滴度都随时间波动。在5次采样的91头小母牛中，67% %在整个研究过程中保持其血清学状态。在一次或多次检测中呈阳性的大多数阴性小母牛病例（21头小母牛中有19头）是短暂的，而在所有进一步的检测中，只有3头仍然持续感染。泌乳奶牛血清阳性率显著低于妊娠奶牛或小母牛。第一个采样日期的结果代表了所有日期的总体状态，一致性为94.5 % （Kappa=0.889）。结果表明，抗体滴度的波动可能会影响血清学监测的敏感性。在第一次授精之前对小母牛进行抽样可能是可取的，这样可以在将来区分新感染（大多数是短暂的）和先天性或慢性感染（通常是终生的）。这些信息可能有助于在兽群中实施有效的控制措施。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical composition, acaricidal activity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of two chemotypes of Eugenia stictopetala essential oil against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus 两种化学型刺荆挥发油的化学成分、杀螨活性及对微小棘头虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110620

Antônia Fernanda Lopes da Silva , Júlia Karla de Albuquerque Melo Xavier , Marcos Bispo Pinheiro Camara , Cáritas de Jesus Silva Mendonça , Livio Martins Costa-Júnior , Wesley Douglas Ribeiro , Caio Pavão Tavares , Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade , José Guilherme Soares Maia , Wallyson André dos Santos Bezerra , Alexandra Martins Santos Soares , Cláudia Quintino da Rocha

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, an ectoparasite affecting livestock in tropical and subtropical regions, causes significant economic losses worldwide. In this context, effective control alternatives based on natural products are essential. This study evaluated the chemical composition, acaricidal activity, acute toxicity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChe) inhibition of essential oils (EO) from two chemotypes of Eugenia stictopetala (EOEs-1 and EOEs-2). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that both chemotypes were rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (64.6 %). EOEs-1 was characterized mainly by myrcene (60.4 %) and citral (neral: 11.0 %; geranial: 15.1 %), whereas EOEs-2 contained myrcene (59.3 %), geraniol (20.0 %), and linalool (14.1 %) as its major constituents. Acaricidal activity was assessed by Larval Immersion Test (LIT) against R. microplus larvae, including the isolade compounds citral, myrcene, geraniol, and linalool. EOEs-1 exhibited the strongest acaricidal activity (LC₅₀ of 1.798 mg/mL), with citral exhibiting similar potency (LC₅₀=1.639 mg/mL), while EOEs-2 showed an LC₅₀ of 2.376 mg/mL. Additionally, both essential oils were capable of inhibiting the native acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of R. microplus, with EOEs-1 showing the strongest activity and emerging as a promising candidate for the control of this ectoparasite.

微头鼻虫（Boophilus microplus）是一种影响热带和亚热带地区牲畜的外寄生虫，在世界范围内造成重大经济损失。在这种情况下，基于天然产品的有效控制替代品至关重要。本研究评价了两种化学型龙葵精油（EOEs-1和EOEs-2）的化学成分、杀螨活性、急性毒性和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChe）抑制作用。气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析显示，两种化学型均富含单萜烯烃（64.6 %）。eoe -1的主要成分为月桂烯（60.4 %）和柠檬醛（neral: 11.0 %;gerial: 15.1 %），而eoe -2的主要成分为月桂烯（59.3 %）、香叶醇（20.0 %）和芳樟醇（14.1 %）。采用幼虫浸渍试验（LIT）测定了分离物柠檬醛、月桂烯、香叶醇和芳樟醇对小夜蛾幼虫的杀螨活性。EOEs-1具有最强的杀螨活性（LC₅0为1.798 mg/mL），柠檬醛具有相似的效力（LC50=1.639 mg/mL），而EOEs-2的LC₅0为2.376 mg/mL。此外，这两种精油都能抑制微褐霉的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE），其中EOEs-1表现出最强的活性，有望成为控制微褐霉体外寄生虫的候选药物。

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引用次数: 0

Immunological and molecular tools for environmental surveillance of canine echinococcosis: Steps toward a sustainable diagnostic algorithm 犬棘球蚴病环境监测的免疫学和分子工具：迈向可持续诊断算法的步骤

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110623

Héctor Gabriel Avila , Lorena Evelina Lazzarini , Luciano Ritossa , Vilma Disalvo , Verónica Roxana Flores , Erio curto , Fabián Zanini , Gustavo Pedro Viozzi , María Victoria Periago , Nora Beatriz PIerangeli

Canine echinococcosis (CaEc) surveillance has evolved from necropsy and arecoline purgation to the detection of coproantigens (cELISA) and genomic copro-DNA (cPCR and cLAMP). Each technique has advantages and disadvantages regarding biosafety, ethics, and costs. In Argentina, there is no consensus on CaEc surveillance tools or their suitability for low- and medium-complexity laboratories. The aim of this work was to compare the performance of techniques with different targets for CaEc surveillance, including cELISA, nested cPCR, and two cLAMPEGSL (2.0 and 3.0). Environmental canine fecal samples (n = 127) from endemic areas were analyzed using the four methods. Overall, Positive and Negative Percent Agreement (OPA, PPA, NPA) were evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity of each technique, and general prevalence were estimated using a Bayesian latent class model (BLCA). Both cLAMPEGSL3.0 and cPCR techniques showed higher OPA and NPA values than the cELISA, a validated method with very high NPV. Sensitivity estimates for each technique were: cELISA: 78.8 % (95 % CI: 56–94 %); cPCR 87.9 % (66–98 %); cLAMPEGSL2.0 65.6 % (29–96 %) and cLAMPEGSL3.0 86.3 % (50–99 %). While specificities estimates were: cELISA 55.7 % (46–66 %); cPCR 64.7 % (55–74 %); cLAMPEGSL2.0 57.9 % (47–68 %) and cLAMPEGSL3.0 62.4 % (52–73 %). The estimated general prevalence of CaEc was 13.1 % (9–18 %). This is the first study conducted in Argentina to compare the performance of four techniques with different targets for CaEc surveillance. Sensitivity and specificity of each technique, and general prevalence were estimated using a Bayesian Latent Class Analysis (BLCA) model. Using a BLCA model, both cPCR and cLAMPEGSL3.0 showed the best estimated sensitivity and specificity values. These results provide control programs with molecular tools suitable for use in medium- and low-complexity laboratories.

犬棘球蚴病（CaEc）的监测已经从尸检和乙醇碱净化发展到共原抗原（cELISA）和基因组共原dna （cPCR和cLAMP）的检测。每种技术在生物安全、伦理和成本方面都有优缺点。在阿根廷，对于CaEc监测工具或它们是否适合低复杂度和中等复杂度的实验室，没有达成共识。这项工作的目的是比较不同靶点的CaEc监测技术的性能，包括cELISA、嵌套cPCR和两种cLAMPEGSL（2.0和3.0）。采用四种方法对疫区环境犬粪样本（n = 127）进行分析。总体上，评估正面和负面协议百分比（OPA， PPA， NPA）。使用贝叶斯潜类模型（BLCA）估计每种技术的敏感性和特异性以及一般患病率。cLAMPEGSL3.0和cPCR技术的OPA和NPA值都高于cELISA，后者是一种经过验证的具有很高NPV的方法。每种技术的灵敏度估计为：cELISA: 78.8% %(95 % CI: 56-94 %)；cPCR 87.9% %(66-98 %)；cLAMPEGSL2.0 65.6% %（29-96 %）和cLAMPEGSL3.0 86.3 %（50-99 %）。而特异性估计为：cELISA 55.7% %(46-66 %)；cPCR 64.7 %(55-74 %)；cLAMPEGSL2.0 57.9 %（47-68 %）和cLAMPEGSL3.0 62.4 %（52-73 %）。估计CaEc的总患病率为13.1 %（9-18 %）。这是在阿根廷进行的第一项研究，目的是比较针对不同CaEc监测目标的四种技术的性能。使用贝叶斯潜类分析（BLCA）模型估计每种技术的敏感性和特异性以及一般患病率。使用BLCA模型，cPCR和cLAMPEGSL3.0均显示出最佳的估计灵敏度和特异性值。这些结果提供了适合中、低复杂性实验室使用的分子工具控制程序。

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引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial genetic stability of Echinococcus granulosus s.s. across life stages and hosts in an experimental infection model. 颗粒棘球绦虫在不同生命阶段和宿主间线粒体遗传稳定性的实验感染模型

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110576

Figen Celik, Muhammet Uslug, Sami Simsek

Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1/G3), is a major zoonosis with a complex transmission cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the mitochondrial genetic stability of E. granulosus s.s. across different life stages and host species using a controlled experimental infection model. To achieve this, mitochondrial genetic variation was analyzed separately in protoscoleces (naturally infected sheep), adult worms (experimentally infected dogs), and hydatid cysts (experimentally infected lambs), to assess within- and between-group genetic stability. Mitochondrial gene regions CO1 (875 bp) and NADH1 (1009 bp) were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic, haplotype, and neutrality analyses revealed that all isolates clustered within a single monophyletic group. While CO1 showed moderate haplotype (Hd = 0.730) and low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00267), NADH1 displayed higher haplotypic and nucleotide diversity (Hd = 0.983; π = 0.00876). Significantly negative Fu's Fs values for both markers suggested a recent demographic expansion, potentially driven by clonal amplification under low evolutionary pressure. Despite the presence of several haplotypes, no host- or tissue-specific genetic differentiation was observed. These findings demonstrate the genetic continuity of E. granulosus s.s. throughout its life cycle and confirm the suitability of mitochondrial markers for molecular tracking and epidemiological studies in endemic regions.

囊性棘球蚴病是由严格感细粒棘球蚴（G1/G3）引起的一种主要的人畜共患病，其传播周期复杂。本研究旨在通过控制实验感染模型，评估颗粒棘球蚴在不同生命阶段和不同宿主物种间的线粒体遗传稳定性。为此，分别分析了原头节（自然感染的绵羊）、成虫（实验感染的狗）和包虫囊（实验感染的羔羊）的线粒体遗传变异，以评估组内和组间遗传稳定性。线粒体基因区域CO1（875 bp）和NADH1（1009 bp）扩增并测序。系统发育、单倍型和中性分析显示，所有分离株都聚集在一个单系群内。CO1表现为中等单倍型（Hd = 0.730）和低核苷酸多样性（π = 0.00267）， NADH1表现为较高的单倍型和核苷酸多样性(Hd = 0.983；π = 0.00876)。两种标记的Fu's f值均为显著负，表明最近的人口扩张，可能是在低进化压力下克隆扩增所致。尽管存在几个单倍型，但没有观察到宿主或组织特异性的遗传分化。这些发现证明了颗粒棘球蚴在其整个生命周期中的遗传连续性，并证实了线粒体标记在流行区分子跟踪和流行病学研究中的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

The use of Glutathione-S-transferase levels as marker of hepatic damage in chronic fasciolosis in cattle. 谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶水平作为牛慢性筋膜虫病肝损伤的标志物。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110577

Al-Hassan Mohammed Mostafa, Gehan Mohammed Sayed, Ali Ali Hassan Al-Ezzi, Alaa Eldin Kamal

There are various parasite pathogens that infect cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats, with fasciolosis being one of the most common. This article established a glutathione s-transferase (GST) evaluation for Fasciola spp infection and explored its application value as diagnostic tool for assess the hepatic damage, linking it with histopathological findings and the lesion score for the degree of infection with Fasciola spp. Thirty-two animals of cattle species were assigned. The investigation gathered fecal samples for sedimentation counts, blood samples for serum (GST quantification), and two tissue samples from a fasciolosis-infected liver (one in formalin for histopathological examination and the other for homogenate preparation for GST estimation). The animals were divided into four groups (8 each): Severely infected group (SG), Moderate infected group (MoG), Mild infected group (MiG), and non-infected group (C-ve). In sedimentation, SG showed a significantly higher fecal egg count but lower serum and homogenate GST values compared to other groups, while serum and homogenate GST values were lower in SG and MoG than in other groups. MiG group had higher values than C-ve, MoG and SG groups, respectively. Furthermore, pathological lesion scores were gradually increased from low to high in groups viz. (MiG, MoG, and SG, respectively). Hepatic fasciolosis is still a big economic problem in the veterinary field. GST could assess hepatic damage in the case of chronic fasciolosis.

有各种各样的寄生虫病原体可以感染牛、水牛、绵羊和山羊，其中片吸虫病是最常见的一种。本文建立了片形吸虫感染谷胱甘肽s-转移酶（GST）评价方法，并结合组织病理学结果和片形吸虫感染程度的病变评分，探讨了GST作为肝损害诊断工具的应用价值。调查收集了用于沉淀计数的粪便样本，用于血清（GST定量）的血液样本，以及来自筋膜虫感染肝脏的两个组织样本（一个用福尔马林进行组织病理学检查，另一个用匀浆制备用于估计GST）。将动物分为4组（每组8只）：重度感染组（SG）、中度感染组（MoG）、轻度感染组（MiG）和非感染组（C-ve）。沉降试验中，SG组粪蛋数显著高于其他各组，血清和匀浆GST值显著低于其他组，血清和匀浆GST值显著低于其他组。MiG组分别高于C-ve、MoG和SG组。病理病变评分由低到高依次升高（分别为MiG、MoG、SG组）。肝片形虫病仍是兽医领域的一大经济难题。GST可以评估慢性筋膜吸虫病的肝损害。

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