Veterinary parasitology最新文献_第6页

Chronic Giardia infections in dogs: Longitudinal analysis of cyst excretion and fecal consistency in young and adult dogs 犬慢性贾第鞭毛虫感染：年轻犬和成年犬的囊肿排泄和粪便一致性的纵向分析。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110650

Bregt Decorte, Edwin Claerebout, Peter Geldhof

Giardia infections are common in dogs, yet uncertainties remain regarding their clinical relevance and whether effective immunity develops over time. This study investigated Giardia infection dynamics in young and adult dogs through a longitudinal follow-up, assessing cyst excretion, potential indicators of immune development and associations with fecal consistency. Puppies were monitored monthly for five months after arriving in new households, while adult group-housed dogs across five study groups were followed biweekly over two months, with cyst excretion quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy. A substantial proportion of puppies exhibited chronic infection, consistently shedding high cyst levels, suggesting incomplete or delayed protective immunity. Infection status upon arrival strongly predicted chronicity, with puppies from professional breeders at higher risk compared with those from non-professional breeders. Similarly, chronic and high-intensity infections were prevalent in group-housed adult dogs, indicating an apparent absence of effective immune development. Although fenbendazole treatment was administered in some study groups, it only temporarily reduced cyst excretion; infection prevalence and cyst burdens remained persistently elevated. In puppies, Giardia-positive individuals showed a non-significant trend toward looser stools compared with negatives. In adult dogs, infected individuals had significantly higher odds of looser stools (OR: 2.32, p = 0.007). Furthermore, cyst excretion levels were positively correlated with fecal consistency scores in adult dogs. These findings emphasize the chronic nature of Giardia across age groups and suggest early infection status and environmental contamination significantly influence infection persistence. This study provides the first evidence linking Giardia cyst load to fecal consistency in adult dogs, highlighting potential clinical relevance of giardiosis.

贾第鞭毛虫感染在犬类中很常见，但其临床相关性以及随着时间的推移是否会产生有效的免疫仍存在不确定性。本研究通过纵向随访研究了幼犬和成年犬的贾第鞭毛虫感染动态，评估了囊肿排泄、免疫发育的潜在指标以及与粪便一致性的关系。幼犬在到达新家庭后的五个月内每月进行一次监测，而五个研究组的成年狗每两周进行一次监测，为期两个月，通过免疫荧光显微镜量化囊肿排泄。相当大比例的幼犬表现出慢性感染，持续脱落高囊肿水平，表明不完整或延迟的保护性免疫。到达时的感染状况强烈预测了慢性疾病，专业育种者的幼犬比非专业育种者的幼犬风险更高。同样，在集体饲养的成年狗中，慢性和高强度感染也很普遍，这表明它们明显缺乏有效的免疫发育。虽然在一些研究组中给予了芬苯达唑治疗，但它只是暂时减少了囊肿的排泄；感染流行率和囊肿负担持续升高。在幼犬中，贾第鞭毛虫阳性个体与阴性个体相比，大便松散的趋势并不明显。在成年狗中，被感染的个体有明显更高的稀便几率（OR: 2.32, p = 0.007）。此外，成年犬的囊肿排泄水平与粪便一致性评分呈正相关。这些发现强调了贾第鞭毛虫在各年龄组中的慢性性质，并表明早期感染状态和环境污染显著影响感染的持久性。该研究首次提供了将贾第鞭毛虫囊肿负荷与成年犬粪便一致性联系起来的证据，强调了贾第鞭毛虫病的潜在临床相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Resistance concerns and coccidiosis management in rabbit farming: Insights from robenidine, diclazuril and feed evaluations 家兔养殖中球虫病的耐药性问题和管理：来自罗苯尼定、地拉齐利和饲料评价的见解。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110651

D. Häner-Grolimund , D. Stucki , J. Schwarz , D. Wiederkehr , C.F. Frey

Rabbit coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria species and presenting in both hepatic and intestinal forms, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in meat rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Effective control strategies are urgently needed. This field study assessed the efficacy of two coccidiostats - robenidine and diclazuril – as well as a nutritionally optimized feed (referred to as “altered feed”), either on its own or supplemented with a resin acid-based additive, in managing coccidiosis. A total of 579 rabbits were allocated to five distinct feeding groups across two farms during two consecutive fattening cycles. Rabbits receiving diclazuril exhibited significantly lower oocyst per gram (OPG) values in environmental fecal samples and a markedly reduced risk of liver coccidiosis compared to all other groups (p < 0.0001). In contrast, robenidine did not have a significant effect on OPG values, although it reduced the risk for liver coccidiosis. An overall mortality of 20.9 % was observed, with gastrointestinal and pulmonary alterations identified as the main causes of death in necropsy. This highlights the critical need for improved health management during the fattening cycles. The altered feed, particularly when supplemented with the resin acid-based additive, shows promise but warrants further investigation, as it performed either similarly to or better as the commercial feeds in terms of morbidity and mortality.

兔球虫病由艾美耳球虫引起，表现为肝脏和肠道两种形式，是肉兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）发病和死亡的主要原因。迫切需要有效的控制策略。这项实地研究评估了两种抗球虫药——罗苯尼定和双唑利——以及一种营养优化饲料（称为“改造饲料”），无论是单独使用还是添加树脂酸添加剂，在控制球虫病方面的效果。在两个连续的育肥周期内，将579只家兔分配到两个农场的5个不同的饲养组。与所有其他组相比，接受双唑利治疗的家兔在环境粪便样本中表现出显著降低的每克卵囊（OPG）值，并显著降低了肝球虫病的风险(p

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引用次数: 0

Cutaneous changes and cellular infiltration in response to tick attachment in Namaqua Afrikaner, Dorper and South African Mutton Merino sheep 纳马夸阿非利卡羊、杜珀羊和南非美利奴羊对蜱虫附着反应的皮肤变化和细胞浸润。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110640

K. Thutwa , J.B. van Wyk , K. Dzama , P.T. Muvhali , S.W.P. Cloete

Host immune reaction to tick infestation is crucial for minimizing parasite burdens and reducing the transmission of pathogens, ultimately improving livestock health, welfare and productivity. It is unclear how divergent sheep breeds respond to tick infestation in South Africa. This study explored local cutaneous cellular immune responses in to tick infestation, a critical factor in reducing parasite burdens, limiting disease transmission, and improving livestock health, welfare and productivity. Breed-specific differences in cellular infiltration and skin responses at tick attachment and adjacent non-attachment sites were studied in 89 mature ewes maintained in the same flock. In total, 21 Namaqua Afrikaner (NA), 29 South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) and 39 Dorper ewes were used. Skin biopsies per ewe from both tick attachment and non-attachment control sites were analyzed histologically. The results showed marked variation in immune responses within and between breeds. Although skin changes were generally more pronounced at tick attachment sites across all breeds, four skin defects (spongiosis, apopthosis, necrosis and collagen degeneration) in the NA breed showed no difference between sites. All breeds exhibited similar frequencies of skin defects at tick attachment sites. Cellular infiltration was more common at tick attachment sites, with the NA and SAMM breeds showing more pronounced leukocyte infiltration than the Dorper breed. Notably, basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils were more frequently observed at tick attachment sites in NA sheep compared to the Dorper, followed by occasional increases in the SAMM breed. These findings highlight divergent breed-related immune responses to tick infestation and underscore the role of specific immune cells in mediating resistance, with the NA showing an enhanced response to tick attachment.

宿主对蜱虫侵害的免疫反应对于减少寄生虫负担和减少病原体传播，最终改善牲畜健康、福利和生产力至关重要。目前尚不清楚不同的绵羊品种如何应对南非的蜱虫侵扰。本研究探讨了局部皮肤细胞对蜱虫侵袭的免疫反应，这是减少寄生虫负担、限制疾病传播和改善牲畜健康、福利和生产力的关键因素。以89只母羊为研究对象，研究了不同品种间蜱虫附着和非附着部位细胞浸润和皮肤反应的差异。总共使用了21只纳马卡阿非利卡羊（NA）、29只南非美利奴羊（SAMM）和39只杜珀母羊。每只母羊的皮肤活检，从蜱虫附着和非附着的对照部位进行组织学分析。结果显示，不同品种之间和品种内部的免疫反应有显著差异。尽管所有品种的蜱虫附着部位的皮肤变化通常更为明显，但NA品种的四种皮肤缺陷（海绵状病、细胞凋亡、坏死和胶原变性）在不同部位之间没有差异。所有品种在蜱虫附着部位出现皮肤缺陷的频率相似。细胞浸润在蜱虫附着部位更为常见，NA和SAMM品种比Dorper品种表现出更明显的白细胞浸润。值得注意的是，与杜珀羊相比，NA羊在蜱虫附着部位更频繁地观察到嗜碱性粒细胞、肥大细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞，随后在SAMM羊中偶尔增加。这些发现强调了不同品种对蜱虫侵害的不同免疫反应，并强调了特异性免疫细胞在介导抗性中的作用，NA对蜱虫附着的反应增强。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between fecal egg counts and intestinal nematode burden of naturally infected dogs, derived from records of anthelmintic efficacy studies 根据驱虫药功效研究记录，自然感染犬粪便卵数与肠道线虫负荷的关系。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110639

D. Hamel , T. Lindner , S. Rehbein

Using data collected in parasiticide efficacy studies for canine nematodes, the relation between fecal egg count (FEC) and worm burden was retrospectively explored. For the analysis, the FEC count at inclusion of the dogs into the studies and the adult nematode count established at the end of the studies, approximately 2 weeks after the FEC, were used. In total, information was available from 211, 233, 33 and 245 nematode-positive dogs of various age and sex with naturally acquired Uncinaria stenocephala (1–612 nematodes), Toxocara canis (1–91 nematodes), Toxascaris leonina (1–81 nematodes) and Trichuris vulpis (1–2780 nematodes) infections, respectively, of which 172, 195, 26 and 209 dogs, respectively, had a positive FEC. Analysis was conducted on log-transformed FEC and nematode counts to convert the data towards a normal distribution. The variables FEC, age, sex and body weight were analyzed in a linear model as predictors for the nematode count. Resulting models revealed only the FEC as significant predictor for the nematode count in all nematode species. The final linear regression model using log-transformed s accounted for 68 %, 50 %, 41 % and 39 % of the variation observed in the log-transformed burden of U. stenocephala, T. vulpis, T. leonina and T. canis, respectively (all p < 0.0001). Within the limitations of the nature of the data, these results indicate that FEC can provide useful information on the burden of common nematodes in naturally infected dogs with more value with respect to U. stenocephala and T. vulpis infections and less for ascarid infections.

利用犬线虫的杀虫效果研究资料，回顾性探讨了粪卵数（FEC）与线虫负荷的关系。为了进行分析，使用了将狗纳入研究时的FEC计数和研究结束时（FEC后约2周）建立的成虫计数。共有211条、233条、33条和245条不同年龄和性别的自然获得性窄头棘虫（1-612条）、犬弓形虫（1-91条）、狮子弓形虫（1-81条）和狐毛虫（1-2780条）感染的线虫阳性犬获得信息，其中FEC阳性犬分别为172条、195条、26条和209条。对经对数变换的FEC和线虫计数进行分析，使数据向正态分布转换。变量FEC，年龄，性别和体重在线性模型中分析作为线虫计数的预测因子。由此产生的模型显示，只有FEC是所有线虫物种中线虫数量的重要预测因子。利用对数变换s建立的最终线性回归模型分别对小头棘球绦虫、狐皮绦虫、狮子绦虫和犬绦虫对数变换后的负荷变化进行了68 %、50 %、41 %和39 %的解释

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引用次数: 0

Antiparasitic effects of copper nanoparticles on monogeneans Dactylogyrus spp. in Cyprinus carpio koi associated with physiological and histological alterations 铜纳米颗粒对鲤单基因Dactylogyrus的抗寄生作用与生理和组织学改变有关

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110638

Gracienhe Gomes dos Santos , Domickson Silva Costa , Paola Capistrano dos Santos , Gabriele Bueno dos Anjos , Marilia Tedesco , Elenice Martins Brasil , Caio Francisco Santana Farias , Diego José Nogueira , Bruno Luis Ferreira , Eduardo Sidinei Chaves , José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño , Mauricio Laterça Martins , Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo

This study investigated the antiparasitic effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs, 44.33 nm) and their influence on hematological, ionic, and gill histological parameters of Cyprinus carpio koi. A total of 240 fish were distributed into four experimental groups: control (no copper exposure) and three groups treated with CuNPs (0.3, 0.6, and 1.25 mg/L) for 5 h. After exposure, some individuals were maintained for 48 h to evaluate potential reinfection and physiological alterations. Exposure to CuNPs significantly reduced infestation by Dactylogyrus minutus and Dactylogyrus extensus, particularly at 1.25 mg/L. After 48 h, an increase in total erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils was observed in the groups exposed to 0.6 and 1.25 mg/L CuNPs, along with a reduction in hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Plasma chloride levels were most affected in the groups exposed to 0.6 mg/L at 5 h and 0.3 mg/L at 48 h, while calcium showed a significant reduction over time. Histological analyses revealed gill lesions such as lamellar congestion, lamellar fusion, eosinophilic and mononuclear inflammation, hyperplasia, and necrosis, which were more evident after 5 h of exposure and reduced after 48 h of CuNPs exposure. Despite the antiparasitic efficacy of CuNPs, their physiological effects require further studies to determine safe therapeutic doses for controlling monogeneans in this host fish.

研究了铜纳米颗粒（CuNPs, 44.33 nm）的抗寄生作用及其对鲤血液学、离子学和鳃组织学参数的影响。将240尾鱼分为4个实验组：对照组（不接触铜）和3个对照组（0.3、0.6和1.25 mg/L）处理5 h。暴露后，一些个体维持48 h以评估潜在的再感染和生理改变。暴露于CuNPs显著降低了短趾霉菌和大趾霉菌的侵染，特别是在1.25 mg/L时。48 h后，在暴露于0.6和1.25 mg/L CuNPs的组中，观察到红细胞、白细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞总数增加，同时红细胞压积和平均红细胞体积（MCV）降低。在5 h暴露于0.6 mg/L和48 h暴露于0.3 mg/L的组中，血浆氯化物水平受影响最大，而钙随着时间的推移显着减少。组织学分析显示，鳃部病变如板层充血、板层融合、嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞炎症、增生和坏死，在暴露5 h后更为明显，在暴露48 h后减少。尽管CuNPs具有抗寄生作用，但其生理效应需要进一步研究，以确定控制单基因寄主鱼的安全治疗剂量。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a visual rapid detection method for aquatic animal-derived Trypanosoma via MIRA-LFD 水生动物源性锥虫MIRA-LFD视觉快速检测方法的建立。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110636

Xue-Mei Yuan , Xin-Zhi Weng , Xia-Lian Bu , Jing Chen , Jing-Biao Jiao , Xian-Qi Peng , Wei-Song Ma , Ling-Yun Lin , Lei Huang , Xiao-Yi Pan , Hong-Xia Hu , Ling-Wei Xu , Jia-Yun Yao

Trypanosoma is a genus of flagellated protozoan parasites that commonly infect the blood of various vertebrates, including aquatic animals. Under natural conditions, these pathogens are vectored by leeches and may induce clinical manifestations such as anemia, edema, and appetite suppression in hosts. Prolonged infection can lead to severe weight loss, ultimately contributing to economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, we developed a rapid diagnostic assay combining Multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) with Lateral flow dipstick (LFD) visualization for detecting aquatic animal-derived Trypanosoma. Using Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) gene as the detection target, specific primers and probes were designed. The optimal primer and probe combination were selected via primer screening. Through the optimization of reaction conditions and specificity and sensitivity testing, a method for detecting trypanosomes in aquatic animals was established using MIRA-LFD. The optimal reaction temperature for MIRA is 45℃. The reaction time is 15 min, and the result observation time is 5 min, resulting in a total duration of the entire detection process of 20 min. The specificity test results indicated that the method can specifically detect trypanosome DNA, with no cross-reactions observed with eight common parasites of aquatic animals (e.g., Argulus sp., Cryptocaryon irritans) or five host species (e.g., large yellow croaker, koi carp). The sensitivity test results demonstrated a detection limit of 8 pg/µL for trypanosome DNA (1000-fold higher than conventional PCR) and could detect as few as 1 trypanosome, compared to 100 trypanosomes required for conventional PCR. This method successfully detected trypanosome DNA from various tissue samples of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), including gill mucus, blood, and kidney tissue. In contrast, the PCR method only detected trypanosome DNA in blood samples. Clinical validation with 24 samples revealed 100 % detection rate for positive samples by MIRA-LFD, outperforming PCR’s 83.33 % (10/12) rate. The MIRA-LFD method developed in this study for detecting aquatic animal-derived trypanosomes is rapid, simple, highly sensitive, and specific. It requires no sophisticated or expensive equipment, making it ideal for basic laboratories and on-site testing.

锥虫是一种有鞭毛的原生寄生虫属，通常感染各种脊椎动物的血液，包括水生动物。在自然条件下，这些病原体以水蛭为媒介，可引起宿主贫血、水肿、食欲抑制等临床表现。长期感染可导致体重严重下降，最终造成水产养殖业的经济损失。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种结合多酶等温快速扩增（MIRA）和侧流试纸（LFD）可视化的快速诊断方法，用于检测水生动物源性锥虫。以小亚单位核糖体DNA （SSU rDNA）基因为检测靶点，设计了特异性引物和探针。通过引物筛选筛选出最佳引物和探针组合。通过优化反应条件及特异性和敏感性试验，建立了MIRA-LFD检测水生动物体内锥虫的方法。MIRA的最佳反应温度为45℃。反应时间为15 min，结果观察时间为5 min，整个检测过程总耗时为20 min。特异性试验结果表明，该方法能特异性检测出锥虫DNA，与8种常见水生动物寄生虫（如Argulus sp.、Cryptocaryon irritans）和5种宿主动物（如大黄鱼、鲤鱼）均无交叉反应。灵敏度试验结果表明，对锥虫DNA的检测限为8 pg/µL（比传统PCR高1000倍），可以检测到1个锥虫，而传统PCR需要100个锥虫。该方法成功地检测了大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）各种组织样本的锥虫DNA，包括鳃粘液、血液和肾组织。相比之下，PCR方法仅检测血液样本中的锥虫DNA。24份样本的临床验证显示，MIRA-LFD对阳性样本的检出率为100 %，优于PCR的83.33 %（10/12）。本研究建立的检测水生动物源性锥虫的MIRA-LFD方法快速、简便、灵敏度高、特异性强。它不需要复杂或昂贵的设备，使其成为基础实验室和现场测试的理想选择。

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引用次数: 0

First report of marine leech Limnotrachelobdella okae infestation in miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy): An emerging threat to Chinese mariculture 海洋水蛭侵染黄花鱼（Miichthys miiuy）首次报道：对中国海水养殖的新威胁。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110637

Shunli Che , Zequan Mo , Hai Zhang , Haoran Tang , Xueming Dan , Yanwei Li

From January to April 2025, an unprecedented epizootic outbreak of Limnotrachelobdella okae infested Miichthys miiuy in China, reducing survival rates to 7.69 % and causing massive economic losses. Clinical manifestations included ulcerative lesions, gill filament pallor, and anorexia. The present study aimed to characterize this emerging parasitic threat and the involved pathogenic mechanisms. Leeches collected from infected fish were morphologically and phylogenetically identified. Although first documented to induce mortality in M. miiuy, L. okae exhibited broad host plasticity. Pathological impacts were assessed via hematological profiling and histopathology. The pathological effects of the infestation included a cascade of hemorrhagic anemia (40 % decrease in red blood cells and 39 % decrease in hemoglobin), systemic immunosuppression (69 % decrease in white blood cells), and anemia-induced multiple organ dysfunction (liver, spleen, head kidney, and trunk kidney). Furthermore, field data confirmed temperature (>20 °C) as the dominant driver of epidemic termination (Pearson’s r = -0.717, p = 0.045). Environmental tolerance assays of L. okae demonstrated strict cryohalophilic dependence, with optimal viability at 5–15°C and 15–25 ‰ salinity, and complete mortality was observed at 25 °C. The present study identified L. okae as an emerging threat to mariculture diversification. The present findings expand the spectrum of high-risk parasites jeopardizing marine aquaculture. Elucidation of the behavioral ecology and pathogenesis of L. okae will advance targeted surveillance and mitigation strategies.

2025年1月至4月，中国爆发了一场史无前例的大鼠疫病，使米氏鱼的存活率降至7.69 %，造成了巨大的经济损失。临床表现为溃疡性病变、鳃丝苍白、厌食。本研究旨在描述这种新出现的寄生虫威胁及其致病机制。从受感染的鱼中收集的水蛭进行了形态和系统发育鉴定。虽然第一次有文献记载它能引起M. miiuy的死亡，但L. okae表现出广泛的宿主可塑性。病理影响通过血液学分析和组织病理学进行评估。感染的病理影响包括一连串出血性贫血（红细胞减少40% %，血红蛋白减少39% %）、全身免疫抑制（白细胞减少69% %）和贫血引起的多器官功能障碍（肝、脾、头肾和干肾）。此外，现场数据证实温度（bbb20°C）是疫情终止的主要驱动因素（Pearson’s r = -0.717,p = 0.045）。环境耐受性试验表明，乳酸菌对低温嗜盐具有严格的依赖性，在5-15°C和15-25 ‰盐度条件下具有最佳的生存能力，在25°C条件下完全死亡。本研究确定了欧卡菌对海水养殖多样化的新威胁。目前的发现扩大了危害海洋水产养殖的高危寄生虫的范围。阐明okae的行为生态学和发病机制将促进有针对性的监测和缓解策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Citrus aurantium extracts and limonene on Dipylidium caninum tegument: In vitro and in vivo study 柑桔提取物和柠檬烯对犬双星被毛的影响：体外和体内研究

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110635

Aliaa A. Abd-Elaziz , Eman M. Abouelhassan , Elham A. Elkhawass , Obeid Shanab , Waleed F. Khalil , Abdelfattah M. Abdelfattah

Dipylidiosis is a common zoonotic infection of dogs caused by Dipylidium caninum. Infected dogs were treated using ethanolic extracts of the peel and seed of Citrus aurantium, as well as its main active compound (limonene). In vitro, peel and seed extracts (12.5, 25, 50 mg/ml) as well as limonene (30, 60, 120 µl/ml) induced worm immobility. Complete mortality of worms (100 %) was achieved 100 % mortality after 4 h for peel extracts and limonene and 6 h for seed extracts. Histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy showed significant structural damage in treated worms, including peeling, vesiculation, ulceration, fissures, and tegumental distortion. In vivo, dogs treated with peel extract at 150 and 300 mg/kg achieved high efficacy rates of 72.33 % and 92 %, respectively, and reached 100 % efficacy, comparable to that of praziquantel, by the end of the experiment. The extract's effectiveness was dose- and time-dependent. In conclusion, these findings suggest that C. aurantium peel extract provides a safe, sustainable, and effective natural alternative to synthetic drugs for treating D. caninum infections in dogs.

双螺旋病是犬双螺旋虫引起的一种常见的犬人畜共患传染病。受感染的狗使用柑橘皮和种子的乙醇提取物及其主要活性化合物（柠檬烯）进行治疗。在体外，果皮和种子提取物（12.5、25、50 mg/ml）以及柠檬烯（30、60、120 µl/ml）诱导蠕虫不动。果皮提取物和柠檬烯处理4 h，种子提取物处理6 h后，虫的完全死亡率达到100 %（100% %）。组织学分析和扫描电镜显示，处理过的蠕虫有明显的结构损伤，包括脱皮、水泡、溃疡、裂缝和被盖变形。在体内，150和300 mg/kg的果皮提取物对狗的有效率分别为72.33 %和92 %，实验结束时达到100% %，与吡喹酮相当。提取物的有效性与剂量和时间有关。综上所述，金葡萄皮提取物是一种安全、可持续、有效的天然药物，可替代合成药物治疗犬D. caninum感染。

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引用次数: 0

Bovine macrophages transcriptome profiling reveals divergent responses to virulent and attenuated Babesia bovis strains 牛巨噬细胞转录组分析揭示了对强毒和减毒巴贝斯虫牛菌株的不同反应

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110634

Magalí Nicole Valenzano , Liliana Alvarez , Beatriz Valentini , Silvina Wilkowsky

Babesia bovis is a tick-borne parasite of major economic impact in the livestock industry. Control strategies rely mainly on the use of acaricides and live attenuated vaccines. Comparative genomic analyses have shown no major differences between virulent and attenuated B. bovis strains, suggesting that studies on the host’s differential response may represent a key step toward clarifying the basis of disease severity and vaccine efficacy. In this study, we analyzed by RNA-seq the differential gene expression in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages after phagocytosis of erythrocytes infected with either the virulent B. bovis S2P strain or the attenuated R1A one. The results revealed a common transcriptional core response of several cellular processes largely centered on lymphocyte related functions, cytokine regulation, and adaptive immune signaling. In turn, the two strains elicited contrasting responses in bovine macrophages, where the virulent strain induced the enrichment of lymphocyte- and antiviral-related pathways, and the attenuated strain led to a stronger pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, and extracellular matrix remodeling signatures. Taken together, these data improved our understanding of the early transcriptional events that develop in macrophages in response to the phagocytosis of red blood cells containing contrasting B. bovis strains. This large dataset could be evaluated in further studies to better characterize the pathogenic mechanisms of bovine babesiosis and to identify targets for host-directed therapeutic strategies.

牛巴贝斯虫是一种蜱传寄生虫，对畜牧业产生重大经济影响。控制策略主要依赖于使用杀螨剂和减毒活疫苗。比较基因组分析显示，强毒株和弱毒株之间没有重大差异，这表明对宿主差异反应的研究可能是澄清疾病严重程度和疫苗效力基础的关键一步。在这项研究中，我们通过RNA-seq分析了牛单核细胞来源的巨噬细胞在感染牛B. S2P毒株和R1A毒株后吞噬红细胞后的差异基因表达。结果揭示了几个细胞过程的共同转录核心反应，主要集中在淋巴细胞相关功能、细胞因子调节和适应性免疫信号。反过来，这两种菌株在牛巨噬细胞中引起了截然不同的反应，其中强毒株诱导淋巴细胞和抗病毒相关途径的富集，而弱毒株导致更强的促炎、趋化和细胞外基质重塑特征。综上所述，这些数据提高了我们对巨噬细胞中发生的早期转录事件的理解，这些转录事件是对含有对比牛双歧杆菌菌株的红细胞吞噬的反应。这个庞大的数据集可以在进一步的研究中进行评估，以更好地表征牛巴贝斯虫病的致病机制，并确定以宿主为导向的治疗策略的靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesis and larvicidal activity of ZnO nanoparticles against Lucilia sericata larvae using essential oil bio-reductants 氧化锌纳米颗粒精油生物还原剂对丝光绿蝇幼虫的绿色合成及杀幼虫活性研究

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110633

Hatice Tosyagülü Çeli̇k , Nilüfer Vural , Sibel Kaymak

Lucilia sericata, a dipteran fly, causes myiasis by infesting living or necrotic tissues and transmits mycobacterial infections to livestock. Its potential resistance to common insecticides underscores the need for integrated pest management strategies and highlights the importance of biopesticides. In this context, larvicidal effects of Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Achillea millefolium, Origanum onites, Salvia fruticosa, and Mentha piperita essential oils and biocapsulated ZnO nanoparticles were investigated to control Lucilia sericata vectors. Synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, SEM and EDX techniques. By analytical characterization, sizes of nanoparticles loaded with Cymbopogon flexuosus and Citrus sinensis essential oils were 112 and 230, respectively, and SEM analysis confirmed monoclinic and hexagonal crystallites. The larvicidal effects of oils and nanoparticles were determined at various concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 20 µg/ml) and all oils except Origanum onites showed high larvicidal effects and a linear increase in % mortality was observed with increasing concentration. To understand molecular mechanisms of larvicidal effect of oils on Lucilia sericata larvae, in silico analyses revealed that the highest antagonistic activity against the cytochrome P450 6A1-like protein of the species homology modeled was mediated by carvone and vertonal compounds, and predictions of ADMET properties revealed the properties of volatile bioactive components as a low toxicity alternative to temefos, a currently used larvicide. This research demonstrates the usability of the six essential oils and biosynthesized nanoparticles as highly effective, natural fly vectors and control pesticides.

丝光Lucilia sericata是一种双翅目蝇，通过寄生于活的或坏死的组织而引起蝇蛆病，并将分枝杆菌感染传播给牲畜。它对常见杀虫剂的潜在抗性强调了综合虫害管理战略的必要性，并突出了生物农药的重要性。在此背景下，研究了柑桔、金针菇、千叶阿基那、牛头草、鼠尾草和薄荷精油和生物胶囊氧化锌纳米颗粒对丝光Lucilia的杀虫效果。采用紫外可见分光光度法、扫描电镜和EDX技术对合成的ZnO纳米颗粒进行了表征。通过分析表征，载香茅精油和柑桔精油的纳米颗粒尺寸分别为112和230，SEM分析证实其为单斜晶和六方晶。在不同浓度（0.5、1、5、10和20 µg/ml）下测定了精油和纳米颗粒的杀幼虫效果，除土牛外，所有精油均表现出较高的杀幼虫效果，死亡率随浓度的增加呈线性增加。为了了解精油对丝光Lucilia sericata幼虫的杀幼虫作用的分子机制，通过硅分析发现，对物种同源模型中细胞色素P450 6a1样蛋白的最高拮抗活性是由香豆酮和垂直化合物介导的，并且对ADMET特性的预测显示了挥发性生物活性成分的特性，可以作为目前使用的杀幼虫剂temefos的低毒性替代品。该研究证明了六种精油和生物合成纳米颗粒作为高效的天然苍蝇载体和控制杀虫剂的可用性。

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引用次数: 0