Veterinary parasitology最新文献_第2页

Impacts of targeted selective treatment on performance, nematode faecal egg counts and anthelmintic use in sheep: A meta-analysis 靶向选择性处理对绵羊生产性能、线虫粪卵计数和驱虫剂使用的影响：一项荟萃分析

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110696

Adam D. Hayward, Fiona Kenyon

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections of ruminant livestock have traditionally been controlled through regular, “suppressive”, treatment with anthelmintic drugs, but this has resulted in the evolution of anthelmintic resistance and reduced efficacy. There is now a critical need to reduce anthelmintic use to maintain anthelmintic efficacy by creating refugia where susceptible GIN reside. Targeted selective treatment (TST) strategies only treat animals that need it, ensuring animals affected by GIN maintain their performance, while animals unaffected by GIN are not treated unnecessarily. TST is generally agreed to reduce anthelmintic use without drastically reducing animal performance or increasing GIN faecal egg count (FEC), but there is considerable variation in results reported by studies comparing TST with other strategies. To explore the effectiveness of TST and identify factors affecting previous results, we applied meta-analysis to data collected from 20 studies comparing TST to other strategies. Overall, TST was associated with a statistically significant, but small, reduction in animal performance, no effect on worm FEC, and 50 % lower anthelmintic use. Experimental design affected study outcome: basing treatment decisions on body condition scores resulted in less favourable outcomes compared to other methods. Meanwhile, TST was associated with negligible reductions in performance compared to “suppressive” treatment, and although FEC was increased slightly in the TST group, anthelmintic use was reduced by around two-thirds. Differences between TST and “strategic” treatments were smaller, but TST still reduced anthelmintic use by 25 %. Overall, the results support the use of TST to reduce anthelmintic use while maintaining efficacy and animal performance.

反刍家畜的胃肠道线虫（GIN）感染传统上是通过定期使用驱虫药进行“抑制性”治疗来控制的，但这导致了驱虫药耐药性的演变和效果的降低。现在迫切需要减少驱虫药的使用，通过在易受感染的GIN居住的地方建立避难所来保持驱虫药的功效。靶向选择性治疗（TST）策略只治疗有需要的动物，确保受GIN影响的动物保持其生产性能，而未受GIN影响的动物则不会受到不必要的治疗。人们普遍认为，TST可以减少驱虫剂的使用，而不会大幅降低动物生产性能或增加GIN粪卵计数（FEC），但将TST与其他策略进行比较的研究报告的结果存在很大差异。为了探索TST的有效性并确定影响先前结果的因素，我们对收集的20项研究数据进行了荟萃分析，将TST与其他策略进行了比较。总体而言，TST与动物生产性能的统计学显著但很小的降低有关，对蠕虫FEC没有影响，并且驱虫药的使用降低了50% %。实验设计影响研究结果：与其他方法相比，基于身体状况评分的治疗决策结果不太理想。与此同时，与“抑制”治疗相比，TST与可忽略不计的性能下降有关，尽管TST组的FEC略有增加，但驱虫药的使用减少了约三分之二。TST和“策略”治疗之间的差异较小，但TST仍然减少了25% %的驱虫药使用。总体而言，研究结果支持使用TST在保持药效和动物生产性能的同时减少驱虫剂的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic anticoccidial effects of pomegranate peel extract and probiotics against Eimeria tenella via mitigating inflammation and restoring gut microbiota 石榴皮提取物和益生菌通过减轻炎症和恢复肠道微生物群对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的协同抗球虫作用。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110693

Weimei Wang , Xiaobin Yi , Yu Han , Ping Feng , Ruonan Bo , Mingjiang Liu , Jingui Li

Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), a pathogenic protozoan parasite, poses a significant threat to the global poultry industry due to its severe impact on intestinal health and growth performance. Given the limitations of conventional anticoccidial drugs, such as the development of drug resistance and chemical residues, it is imperative to explore natural alternative strategies for effective control. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic anti-coccidial effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and Bacillus subtilis (BS). PPE exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, whereas BS, contributes to maintaining intestinal microbial balance. Broiler chickens were challenged with E. tenella and treated with 400 mg/kg PPE in feed and 400 mg/L BS in drinking water, using diclazuril (DIC) as a positive control. The results demonstrated that the PPE+BS combination significantly alleviated cecal lesions, reduced oocyst it mainly parasitizes on the mucosa of the cecum output and mortality, lowered organ indices, suppressed inflammatory responses, and restored body weight gain. The anti-coccidial index (ACI) reached 163, indicating moderate efficacy. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that PPE+BS restored microbial homeostasis by increasing the abundance of Firmicutes, reducing Escherichia coli and Enterococcus, and restoring Micrococcus to levels comparable to uninfected controls. To further explore the potential of the intestinal probiotics, Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) and Lactobacillus curvatus (LC), isolated and identified from chicken feces, achieved comparable anti-coccidial efficacy when combined with PPE, confirming the role of specific probiotics in the observed synergy. In conclusion, the combination of PPE and BS represents an effective and sustainable strategy for controlling avian coccidiosis, primarily through modulation of the gut microbiota and enrichment of beneficial probiotics.

柔嫩艾美耳虫（E. tenella）是一种致病性原生动物寄生虫，由于其对肠道健康和生长性能的严重影响，对全球家禽业构成重大威胁。鉴于常规抗球虫药物的局限性，如耐药性和化学残留的发展，探索有效控制的自然替代策略势在必行。本研究对石榴皮提取物（PPE）和枯草芽孢杆菌（BS）的协同抗球虫作用进行了研究。PPE具有抗氧化和抗炎特性，而BS则有助于维持肠道微生物平衡。用肉仔鸡攻毒，饲料中添加400 mg/kg PPE，饮用水中添加400 mg/L BS，双唑利（DIC）为阳性对照。结果表明，PPE+BS联合用药可显著缓解盲肠病变，减少主要寄生于盲肠黏膜的卵囊排出量和死亡率，降低脏器指数，抑制炎症反应，恢复体重增加。抗球虫指数（ACI）为163，疗效中等。肠道菌群分析显示，PPE+BS通过增加厚壁菌门的丰度，减少大肠杆菌和肠球菌，并将微球菌恢复到与未感染对照相当的水平，从而恢复了微生物稳态。为了进一步挖掘肠道益生菌的潜力，从鸡粪便中分离鉴定的唾液乳杆菌（Lactobacillus salivarius， LS）和弯曲乳杆菌（Lactobacillus curvatus， LC）在与PPE联合使用时取得了相当的抗球螨效果，证实了特定益生菌在观察到的协同作用中的作用。综上所示，PPE和BS联合使用是一种有效且可持续的控制鸡球虫病的策略，主要通过调节肠道菌群和富集有益益生菌来实现。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Arthrobotrys flagrans concentration, predatory activity, and efficacy in a commercial product 商业产品中旗手关节虫的浓度、捕食性和功效的评价

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110705

Maria Vitória Lamóglia Bastos Ferreira , Edna Barcelos Alves , Caroline Bittencourt Miranda , Vanessa Cola Thomazini , Ricardo Augusto Mendonça Vieira , Luis Fonseca Matos , Clóvis de Paula Santos

Gastrointestinal nematodes pose a major threat to livestock health and productivity, and the growing inefficacy of commercial anthelmintics highlights the need for alternative control methods. This study evaluated BioVerm®, a Brazilian commercial product (BCP) based on the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys flagrans, using three criteria: chlamydospore count per gram (CCG), predatory activity, and efficacy in reducing infective larvae (L3). CCG was quantified using a Neubauer chamber. Predatory activity was assessed by inoculating Panagrellus spp. in Petri dishes. Efficacy was evaluated through coprocultures treated or not with (BCP), including post-gastrointestinal tract analysis using sheep feces. Three commercial batches were tested. The mean CCG ranged from 8333 to 12,500, significantly below the 5 × 10⁵ spores per gram stated on the label. Fungal growth was observed in only one batch, and high contamination was found in another. No significant reduction in L3 counts was detected in either in vitro or in vivo assays. These results indicate low fungal viability and support the urgent need for quality control measures to ensure BCP efficacy.

胃肠道线虫对牲畜健康和生产力构成重大威胁，而商业驱虫剂的日益无效突出表明需要其他控制方法。本研究对BioVerm®进行了评估，这是一种巴西商业产品（BCP），基于食线虫真菌Arthrobotrys flagrans，使用三个标准：每克衣孢子数（CCG）、掠食性活性和减少感染幼虫的功效（L3）。采用Neubauer室定量CCG。在培养皿中接种Panagrellus，评价其捕食活性。通过处理或未处理（BCP）的共培养来评估疗效，包括使用羊粪便进行胃肠道分析。三个商业批次被检测。平均CCG在8333到12500之间，明显低于标签上每克5 × 10个。真菌生长仅在一个批次中观察到，而在另一个批次中发现高污染。在体外或体内试验中均未发现L3计数明显减少。这些结果表明真菌活力较低，迫切需要采取质量控制措施以确保BCP的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization and validation of a TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of Heterobilharzia americana in dog feces TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测犬粪中美洲异bilharzia的优化与验证。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110712

Francis Aduku , Jody L. Gookin , Jan S. Suchodolski , Lea J. Poellmann , Joe L. Luksovsky , Guilherme G. Verocai , Luis Fernando da Costa Medina , Mike Hong , Kathleen M. Aicher

Heterobilharzia americana is a trematode parasite that causes canine schistosomiasis, a disease capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality in dogs. Reliable diagnosis is essential for limiting disease progression. This study aimed to optimize and validate a previously developed TaqMan qPCR assay for detection of H. americana DNA in feces. The assay targets a highly repetitive non-coding DNA sequence located across multiple loci within the H. americana genome. PCR optimization involved gradient thermocycling and serial dilutions to refine annealing temperature and efficiency. PCR products were cloned and sequenced to confirm target specificity. Analytical sensitivity was assessed using serial two-fold dilutions of H. americana eggs spiked into feces and matrix-free samples, with PCR detection across replicates. Diagnostic sensitivity was assessed in 111 fecal samples from infected dogs using fecal sedimentation as gold standard. Analytical and diagnostic specificities were assessed by testing 54 fecal samples containing non-target parasites and 100 fecal samples from H. americana-uninfected dogs, respectively. Target specificity was confirmed by BLAST. Assay efficiency was 107 %. Matrix-dependent analytical sensitivity was 3 eggs/g feces (100 % replicates) and 1.5 eggs/g feces (60 % replicates); matrix-free sensitivity was 3 eggs/mL in saline. Diagnostic sensitivity was 98.2 % (95 % CI: 93.7–99.8 %). Both analytical and diagnostic specificities were 100 % (95 % CI: 93.6–100 % and 96.4–100 %, respectively). The assay demonstrated low intra-assay and inter-assay variability and minimal inter-operator variability across the dilution range tested. These findings support the optimized TaqMan qPCR assay as a highly sensitive and specific tool for detecting H. americana DNA in dog feces.

美洲异吸虫是一种能引起犬血吸虫病的吸虫寄生虫。犬血吸虫病是一种能够引起狗的显著发病率和死亡率的疾病。可靠的诊断对于限制疾病进展至关重要。本研究旨在优化和验证先前开发的TaqMan qPCR检测粪便中美洲血吸虫DNA的方法。该分析的目标是位于美洲古猿基因组多个位点上的高度重复的非编码DNA序列。PCR优化包括梯度热循环和连续稀释，以完善退火温度和效率。对PCR产物进行克隆和测序以确定目标特异性。采用连续两倍稀释的方法，将美洲血吸虫卵加入粪便和无基质样品中，并在重复中进行PCR检测，以评估分析灵敏度。以粪便沉淀物为金标准，对111个感染犬粪便样本进行诊断敏感性评估。通过分别检测54份含有非目标寄生虫的粪便样本和100份来自未感染美洲嗜血杆菌的狗的粪便样本，评估了分析和诊断特异性。BLAST证实靶特异性。测定效率为107 %。基质依赖性分析灵敏度分别为3个蛋/g粪便（100 %重复）和1.5个蛋/g粪便（60 %重复）；生理盐水中无基质敏感性为3个卵/mL。诊断敏感性为98.2% %（95 % CI: 93.7-99.8 %）。分析和诊断特异性均为100 %（95 % CI分别为93.6-100 %和96.4-100 %）。该分析表明，在测试的稀释范围内，分析内和分析间的可变性低，操作人员之间的可变性最小。这些发现支持优化后的TaqMan qPCR方法作为检测狗粪便中美洲链球菌DNA的高灵敏度和特异性工具。

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引用次数: 0

A recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing Eimeria stiedai HSP70 proteins exhibited a promising efficacy against rabbit coccidiosis 一种表达艾美耳球虫HSP70蛋白的重组腺相关病毒对兔球虫病具有良好的防治效果

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110692

Chaofan Li , Chuanmin Li , Yahuan Li , Zhenzhen Liu, Xu Zhang, Hongyu Wang, Pengtao Gong, Nan Zhang, He Li, Xin Li, Jianhua Li, Xiaocen Wang

Eimeria stiedai is a critical protozoan that colonizes in rabbit hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, causing severe hepatic coccidiosis and substantial economic loss in the rabbit industry. However, there are no effective vaccines against E. stiedai infection. In this study, the recombinant E. stiedai heat shock protein 70 (rEsHSP70) was produced via a prokaryotic expression system, and its polyclonal antibody was prepared. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that EsHSP70 localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and enriched around the nucleus of sporozoites, while in merozoites it was distributed in the cytoplasm, displaying a peripheral and apical distribution pattern. Functional blocking assays demonstrated that anti-EsHSP70 polyclonal antibody significantly inhibited sporozoites invasion in primary rabbit hepatocytes, suggesting a potential role for EsHSP70 in this process. Furthermore, a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9-ZsGreen1 expressing EsHSP70 (rAAV-ZsGreen1-EsHSP70) was successfully packaged and purified. The recombinant virus particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as 20 nm hexagonal structures, with a titer exceeding 1.0 × 10¹³ vg/mL. The recombinant viruses could infect 293 T cells and express EsHSP70 proteins. Immunization with recombinant rAAV-ZsGreen1-EsHSP70 significantly elevated the levels of specific IgG antibody, IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ, with reduced oocyst shedding by 69.8 %, alleviated liver lesion, resulting in an anticoccidial index (ACI) of 169.48. In conclusion, these results indicated that rAAV-ZsGreen1-EsHSP70 conferred a promising protective efficacy against E. stiedai infection, thereby providing valuable insights for the development of rabbit coccidiosis vaccines.

施氏艾美耳球虫是一种重要的寄生于兔肝细胞和胆管细胞的原生动物，造成严重的肝球虫病，并给家兔产业造成巨大的经济损失。然而，目前还没有有效的疫苗来预防大肠杆菌感染。本研究通过原核表达系统制备了重组大肠杆菌热休克蛋白70 (rEsHSP70)，并制备了其多克隆抗体。免疫荧光分析表明，EsHSP70主要定位于细胞质中，并在孢子核周围富集，而在裂殖子中，EsHSP70分布于细胞质中，呈外周和根尖分布。功能阻断实验表明，抗EsHSP70多克隆抗体可显著抑制孢子虫对兔原代肝细胞的侵袭，提示EsHSP70可能在这一过程中发挥作用。此外，成功地包装和纯化了表达EsHSP70的重组腺相关病毒血清型9-ZsGreen1 （rAAV-ZsGreen1-EsHSP70）。透射电镜观察到重组病毒颗粒为20 nm的六边形结构，滴度超过1.0 × 1013 vg/mL。重组病毒可感染293 T细胞，表达EsHSP70蛋白。重组rAAV-ZsGreen1-EsHSP70免疫后，特异性IgG抗体、IL-2、IL-10和IFN-γ水平显著升高，卵囊脱落减少69.8 %，肝脏病变减轻，抗球虫指数（ACI）为169.48。总之，这些结果表明rAAV-ZsGreen1-EsHSP70具有良好的抗链球菌感染的保护作用，从而为兔球虫病疫苗的开发提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Proteomic profiling of Ascaridia galli reveals sex- and stage-specific protein signatures 鸡蛔虫的蛋白质组学分析揭示了性别和阶段特异性的蛋白质特征

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110707

Anna Sophia Feix , Maibritt Mardahl , Johan Palmfeldt , Rikke Brødsgaard Kjærup , Tina Sørensen Dalgaard

Ascaridia galli is one of the most prevalent intestinal nematodes of domesticated chickens and the primary cause of avian ascaridiasis, a globally important disease in poultry production. Infection rates often reach 70–90 % in free-range systems due to its direct life cycle and efficient environmental transmission. Despite its impact, the molecular mechanisms governing A. galli host-parasite interactions remain poorly understood. A. galli belongs to Clade III nematodes, which include several species of major veterinary importance. Comparative genomic studies Clade III-nematodes have revealed expansions in gene families associated with key parasitic traits such as immune modulation, tissue migration, and adaptation to host environments. Proteomics provides a powerful approach for characterizing these processes by identifying proteins essential for development, metabolism, reproduction, and host interaction. However, current knowledge is based almost exclusively on mammalian-infecting species, and no developmental proteome has previously been mapped for A. galli. By profiling protein expression across life stages, this study produces the first proteomic dataset for A. galli. In total, 852 worm proteins were identified. Of these, 452 proteins were shared across female adults, male adults, and larvae, while each group also displayed distinct protein sets. Male worms shared a substantial subset of 327 proteins with females but not larvae, while larvae and females shared 18 proteins. These findings demonstrate that protein expression in parasitic nematodes is strongly sex-specific, with males typically expressing proteins linked to spermatogenesis and motility, and females expressing vitellogenins and lipid-binding proteins.

鸡蛔虫是家鸡最常见的肠道线虫之一，也是禽类蛔虫病的主要病因，是禽类生产中的一种全球性重要疾病。在散养系统中，由于其直接的生命周期和有效的环境传播，感染率通常达到70-90 %。尽管它的影响，控制a.g oli宿主-寄生虫相互作用的分子机制仍然知之甚少。A. galli属于III支系线虫，其中包括几个具有重要兽医意义的物种。进化枝iii线虫的比较基因组研究揭示了与免疫调节、组织迁移和对宿主环境的适应等关键寄生性状相关的基因家族的扩展。蛋白质组学通过鉴定发育、代谢、繁殖和宿主相互作用所必需的蛋白质，为表征这些过程提供了强有力的方法。然而，目前的知识几乎完全是基于哺乳动物感染的物种，并且以前没有为A. galli绘制发育蛋白质组。通过分析整个生命阶段的蛋白质表达，本研究产生了第一个蛋白质组学数据集。共鉴定出852个蠕虫蛋白。其中，452种蛋白质在雌性成虫、雄性成虫和幼虫之间共享，而每一组也显示出不同的蛋白质组。雄性蠕虫与雌性蠕虫共享327种蛋白质，但幼虫不共享，而幼虫和雌性蠕虫共享18种蛋白质。这些发现表明，寄生线虫的蛋白质表达具有强烈的性别特异性，雄性通常表达与精子发生和运动相关的蛋白质，而雌性则表达卵黄蛋白原和脂质结合蛋白。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing in vitro cultivation of Haemonchus contortus larvae: Comparative assessment of growth conditions 弯曲血蜱幼虫体外培养的优化：生长条件的比较评价

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110711

Kyriánová Iveta Angela , Bieliková Lucia , Pytelková Jana , Pachulová Klára , Vacek Vojtěch , Fišerová Natálie , Vadlejch Jaroslav , Dvořák Jan

Haemonchus contortus, a highly pathogenic nematode of small ruminants, causes substantial economic losses worldwide. The transition from the infective third-stage larva (L₃) to the metabolically active fourth-stage larva (L₄) is critical for parasite survival, as L₄ larvae initiate blood-feeding within the host. This study aimed to optimize in vitro cultivation conditions for L₄ larvae and evaluate their metabolic activity, providing a basis for future research on parasite biology and anthelmintic development. We systematically tested six culture media (BME, DMEM, IMDM, RPMI 1640, M199, LB broth; LB without FBS) supplemented with antibiotics including gentamicin (significantly improved L₄ development: 85 % vs 70 % without, p < 0.05) to determine optimal L₃-to-L₄ conditions. Larval survival was assessed by motility under inverted microscopy; L₄ development by exsheathment, body thickening (600–800 μm), and genital primordium visibility. To assess metabolic status, we probed proteolytic activity, which represents a key function of blood-feeding larvae. A fluorogenic peptide substrate was employed to detect significant cysteine protease activity, serving as a marker of a competent digestive system. These findings establish a refined methodology for in vitro cultivation of L₄ larvae and highlight their suitability for functional studies and drug screening. By optimizing culture conditions and demonstrating active proteolysis, this study provides a valuable platform for investigating stage-specific parasite biology and identifying novel therapeutic targets.

弯曲血蜱是一种小反刍动物的高致病性线虫，在世界范围内造成巨大的经济损失。从感染性第三期幼虫（L3）到代谢活跃的第四期幼虫（L4）的过渡对寄生虫的生存至关重要，因为L4期幼虫开始在宿主内吸血。本研究旨在优化L4幼虫体外培养条件，评价其代谢活性，为今后寄生虫生物学和驱虫发育研究提供依据。我们系统地测试了6种培养基（BME、DMEM、IMDM、RPMI 1640、M199、LB肉汤、LB不含FBS）添加庆大霉素等抗生素（显著改善L4发育：85 % vs 70 %，p <； 0.05），以确定l3 -L4的最佳条件。倒置显微镜下通过运动评估幼虫存活率；L4的发育通过呼鞘、体增厚（600-800 μm）和生殖器原基可见性。为了评估代谢状态，我们研究了蛋白质水解活性，这是食血幼虫的一个关键功能。荧光肽底物被用来检测显著的半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性，作为消化系统能力的标志。这些发现为L4幼虫的体外培养建立了一种完善的方法，并强调了它们在功能研究和药物筛选方面的适用性。通过优化培养条件和证明活性蛋白水解，本研究为研究寄生虫的阶段特异性生物学和确定新的治疗靶点提供了一个有价值的平台。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an indirect ELISA and an immunochromatographic test method for early detection of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep 绵羊弯曲血蜱感染的间接ELISA和免疫层析检测方法的建立

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110703

Xueqiu Chen , Lingyun Mou , Manqin Deng , Jingju Zhang , Jiaming Yu , Jianfang Li , Hongli Zhang , Guangxu Ma , Yi Yang , Aifang Du

Haemonchosis, caused by the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus, poses a significant global threat to small ruminant health and productivity. Current diagnostic methods, such as fecal egg flotation, cannot detect early-stage or latent infections, hindering timely intervention. Building on prior identification of the secreted BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor domain-containing protein SPI-I8 as a key H. contortus antigen released during initial infection, we developed two diagnostic methods using recombinant Hc-SPI-I8B (rHc-SPI-I8B). First, an indirect ELISA with rHc-SPI-I8B as the coating antigen demonstrated detection of H. contortus infection in sheep as early as 10 days post-infection (dpi), with a sensitivity of 1:200. Concurrently, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) was established by conjugating rHc-SPI-I8B with 20 nm gold particles, achieving a sensitivity of 1:40, detecting antibodies at 11 dpi, and remaining effective beyond 100 dpi. Both methods exhibited high specificity, showing no cross-reactivity with positive sera of Echinococcus granulosus, Fasciola hepatica, or Fasciola gigantica. Additionally, they showed high stability and reproducibility (inter-/intra-assay CV <10 % for ELISA). Both approaches provide efficient tools for early diagnosis of haemonchosis.

由扭曲血蜱（Haemonchus contrtus）寄生虫引起的血蜱病对小反刍动物的健康和生产力构成重大的全球性威胁。目前的诊断方法，如粪卵浮选，不能发现早期或潜伏感染，妨碍及时干预。基于先前鉴定的分泌BPTI/Kunitz抑制剂结构域蛋白SPI-I8是初始感染时释放的关键弓形虫抗原，我们开发了两种使用重组Hc-SPI-I8B （rHc-SPI-I8B）的诊断方法。首先，以rHc-SPI-I8B为包被抗原的间接酶联免疫吸附试验表明，绵羊感染后10天（dpi）就能检测到弯曲螺旋体感染，灵敏度为1:20 00。同时，将rHc-SPI-I8B与20 nm的金颗粒偶联，建立了免疫层析检测（ICT）方法，灵敏度为1:40，在11 dpi处检测抗体，在100 dpi以上检测抗体有效。两种方法均具有较高的特异性，与细粒棘球蚴、肝片吸虫和巨型片吸虫阳性血清无交叉反应。此外，它们表现出高稳定性和重复性（ELISA的测定间/测定内CV <；10 %）。这两种方法都为早期诊断血液病提供了有效的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Fasciola gigantica: Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of tegumental secretory activity and extracellular vesicle formation in juvenile flukes migrating in mouse liver 巨型片形吸虫：小鼠肝脏中幼年吸虫迁移时被囊分泌活性和细胞外囊泡形成的超微结构和细胞化学

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110694

R.E.B. Hanna , G.P. Brennan , M.W. Robinson , P.-E. Kajugu , J.M. Quinn , C.E. Bennett

Fasciola gigantica, the predominant cause of fasciolosis in tropical regions, is a major cause of economic loss to the global farming community and is also recognised as a significant human pathogen. The surface tegument of the fluke, situated as it is at the host-parasite interface, is a metabolically active and highly dynamic secretory organ mainly concerned with ensuring the survival of the parasite in a hostile immunological and physiochemical environment. The period of migration of the juvenile fluke through the hepatic parenchyma of the host is critical in establishing a mutually sustainable host-parasite relationship, but due to technical difficulties has been inadequately investigated. Here, the tegument of migrating juvenile F. gigantica collected from the hepatic parenchyma of experimentally infected mice 4 and 7 weeks after infection was examined by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by cytochemistry using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazine-osmium (PATCO) and Ruthenium Red methods. T1 secretory bodies in the surface syncytium maintain the surface glycocalyx by exocytosis in response to sloughing of immunocomplex as the fluke encounters the effectors of host immunity. Their bounding plasma membranes engender a superficial zone of microvilli which appear to give rise to detached tubules and extracellular vesicles. These may have a role in host-parasite communication and immunomodulation. T2 secretory bodies in the tegument contain stable glycoprotein, and their main contribution may be to preadapt the apical surface for changes in the physicochemical environment when the fluke enters the bile ducts. A novel type of tegumental cell, termed T3, has been described in the sub-syncytial zone. T3 secretory bodies may contribute to the syncytial proteome or spine formation in the growing juvenile flukes. The surface secretory activity in migrating juvenile flukes may offer a battery of stage-specific soluble and membrane-associated molecular products with potential for therapeutic exploitation.

巨型片形吸虫是热带地区片形吸虫病的主要病因，是全球农业社区经济损失的主要原因，也是公认的一种重要的人类病原体。吸虫的表面被膜位于宿主-寄生虫界面，是一个代谢活跃且高度动态的分泌器官，主要与确保寄生虫在恶劣的免疫和物理化学环境中的生存有关。幼年吸虫通过宿主肝实质的迁移期对于建立相互可持续的宿主-寄生虫关系至关重要，但由于技术上的困难，尚未进行充分的研究。本研究采用常规透射电子显微镜（TEM）和细胞化学方法，采用周期性酸-硫代碳肼-锇（PATCO）和钌红（Ruthenium Red）方法，对感染后4周和7周的实验性感染小鼠的肝组织中采集的迁移幼体巨型飞蛾（F. gigantica）的被皮进行检测。当吸虫遭遇宿主免疫效应物时，表面合胞体中的T1分泌体通过胞吐来应对免疫复合物的脱落，维持表面糖萼。它们的结合质膜产生表面的微绒毛区，微绒毛区似乎产生分离的小管和细胞外囊泡。这些可能在宿主-寄生虫交流和免疫调节中起作用。被皮中的T2分泌体含有稳定的糖蛋白，其主要作用可能是在吸虫进入胆管时，对根尖表面的物化环境变化进行预适应。一种新型被盖细胞，称为T3，已被描述在亚合胞带。T3分泌体可能对生长中的吸虫幼鱼合胞蛋白组或棘的形成有贡献。迁移幼吸虫的表面分泌活性可能提供一系列具有治疗开发潜力的阶段特异性可溶性和膜相关分子产品。

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引用次数: 0

Anti-Theileria equi activity of methanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia: In vitro efficacy, in vivo safety, and identification of lead molecules 青蒿醇提物抗马伊氏杆菌活性：体外药效、体内安全性及铅分子鉴定

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110695

Kapil Kumar Gupta , Lalita Singh , N. Saxena , S. Dey , Rajender Kumar , Sanjay Kumar

Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease that affects horses and is caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. Currently, imidocarb dipropionate is the primary treatment for T. equi infections; however, its application is limited by its potential systemic toxicity. Artemisia annua is widely recognised for its antimalarial properties, whereas Artemisia scoparia has traditionally been used for various medicinal purposes. However, the therapeutic potential of A. scoparia against theileriosis in animals remains largely unknown. Activity-guided fractionation of a methanolic extract of A. scoparia (ASME) identified the methanolic fraction (MF-ASME) as the most active against T. equi in vitro (IC₅₀: 52.67 µg/mL). MF-ASME exhibited low cytotoxicity in horse PBMCs (CC₅₀: 238.2 µg/mL), resulting in a favourable selectivity index of 4.52. Organ toxicity assessment in a mouse model confirmed the safety of MF-ASME at the safety dose (SD: 250 mg/kg). Biomarker analysis confirmed its safety, with no significant adverse effects on organ function. HPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses identified 17 bioactive compounds in MF-ASME, with artemisinin, artemether, and dihydroartemisinin as the primary antimalarial agents. These results support the potential of MF-ASME for further therapeutic development against equine theileriosis.

马螺浆虫病是一种影响马的蜱传疾病，由马伊勒菌和卡巴贝斯虫引起。目前，吡虫威二丙酸是马氏弓形虫感染的主要治疗方法；然而，由于其潜在的全身毒性，其应用受到限制。黄花蒿因其抗疟疾特性而被广泛认可，而猪毛蒿传统上被用于各种药用目的。然而，scoparia对动物肠菌病的治疗潜力仍然很大程度上未知。scoparia （ASME）甲醇提取物的活性引导分离鉴定出甲醇部分（MF-ASME）是体外对T. equi最有效的（IC₅₀：52.67 µg/mL）。MF-ASME在马pbmc中表现出较低的细胞毒性（CC₅₀：238.2 µg/mL），选择性指数为4.52。小鼠器官毒性评价证实了安全剂量（SD: 250 mg/kg）下MF-ASME的安全性。生物标志物分析证实其安全性，对器官功能无明显不良影响。HPLC和LC-MS/MS分析共鉴定出17种活性成分，其中青蒿素、蒿甲醚和双氢青蒿素为主要抗疟药物。这些结果支持MF-ASME在进一步治疗马镰孢病方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0