Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Deep litter as a production substrate of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)","authors":"Sarah Groschupp ,&nbsp;Helge Kampen ,&nbsp;Doreen Werner","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Culicoides</em> biting midges are the putative vectors of several arboviruses. Livestock farms are considered to provide suitable breeding sites for <em>Culicoides</em> spp. development, but detailed knowledge is missing. Therefore, <em>Culicoides</em> specimens were trapped with emergence traps placed on deep litter substrate in a stable and outdoors over several weeks, starting in late May and July, respectively, immediately after the cattle were moved to other enclosures. <em>Culicoides</em> specimens captured in the stable exclusively belonged to the Obsoletus Group and were caught sporadically in all traps from the beginning of the investigation until the ninth study week when the substrate began to dry out. In most outdoor traps, only a few <em>Culicoides</em> specimens, mainly from the Obsoletus Group, were caught, while some traps produced a considerable number of specimens from this group. In a further study, emergence traps were set up outdoors in summer on either sun-exposed or shaded deep litter. <em>Culicoides</em>, again mainly from the Obsoletus Group, were caught in all traps, with significantly lower numbers in the sun than in the shade, where a higher substrate moisture was measured. A female:male ratio of 1.8:1 was determined in the sun, while this was 1:2 in the shadow. Apparently, deep litter is a suitable breeding substrate for Obsoletus Group <em>Culicoides</em>, but significant differences were found due to the different moisture contents in the shadow and sun. Mucking out the deep litter and removing it from the vicinity of the livestock are expected to reduce the emergence and abundance of potential <em>Culicoides</em> vectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 110423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the use of salivary anti-CarLA IgA testing to reduce gastrointestinal parasitism in Canadian pastured sheep","authors":"Bradley D. DeWolf ,&nbsp;Cathy A. Bauman ,&nbsp;Paula I. Menzies ,&nbsp;Emma A. Borkowski ,&nbsp;Richard J. Shaw ,&nbsp;Andrew S. Peregrine","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitism is common in Canadian sheep flocks, and managing GIN through the selection of sheep with superior immunity is of growing interest. The CARLA ® Saliva Test measures salivary IgA against the carbohydrate larval antigen (CarLA) found on third-stage larvae of all GIN species. Salivary anti-CarLA IgA exceeding 1.0 U/ml is associated with 20 – 30 % lower fecal egg counts (FEC) in sheep under New Zealand grazing conditions, but there has been limited application of the CARLA ® Saliva Test elsewhere. To address this gap, this study explored the utility of the CARLA ® Saliva Test under Canadian grazing conditions. In Year 1, eighteen sheep farms in Ontario were enrolled and 25 ewe lambs per farm, on average, were randomly selected after grazing pasture for at least 60 consecutive days. The body condition, fecal consistency, FAMACHA© score, weight, packed cell volume, FEC, and salivary anti-CarLA IgA level were recorded for each study animal in Year 1. Study animals returned to pasture in Year 2 and were re-sampled 4 weeks after turnout. Multivariable linear regression modeling demonstrated that the salivary anti-CarLA IgA response in Year 1 predicted the salivary anti-CarLA IgA response in Year 2 (β = 0.213; p &lt; 0.001). In addition, salivary anti-CarLA IgA in Year 1 was negatively associated with FEC in Year 2 (β = - 0.167; p = 0.025). These data indicate that salivary anti-CarLA IgA measurements may be useful for identifying replacement sheep with superior immune responses to GIN infection in Canada.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 110417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, molecular characterization, and risk factors of Acanthamoeba spp., Blastocystis spp., and Cyclospora spp. infections in snakes in China","authors":"Yilei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhouchun Li ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Wang,&nbsp;Kaili Gao,&nbsp;Lijie Tian,&nbsp;Olalekan Opeyemi Ayanniyi,&nbsp;Qianming Xu,&nbsp;Congshan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Snakes are widely farmed in China for medicinal purposes and as pets worldwide. <em>Acanthamoeba</em> spp., <em>Blastocystis</em> spp., and <em>Cyclospora</em> spp. are significant zoonotic pathogens frequently discovered in various animals, causing diseases with global public health implications. However, their prevalence and zoonotic potential in snakes remain poorly understood. In this study, 812 snake faecal samples were collected across 28 China provinces. The partial small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess evolutionary relationships and genetic characterization. Detection rates for <em>Acanthamoeba</em> spp., <em>Blastocystis</em> spp., and <em>Cyclospora</em> spp. were 6.40 %, 3.33 %, and 2.71 %, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that <em>Cyclospora</em> isolates were closely related to those found in humans and cattle. Subtyping for <em>Blastocystis</em> species identified two zoonotic subtypes (ST4, ST6) and four host-specific subtypes (ST10, ST15, ST21, ST42). Multiple <em>Acanthamoeba</em> genotypes were detected, including T4, T11, and T13. Furthermore, species, age, and living conditions are key risk factors. This study provides valuable insights into these infections in snakes and underscores the need for proper hygiene and One Health measures to reduce zoonotic transmission and environmental contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 110420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of macrocyclic lactones against gastrointestinal nematodes of bovines and their effect on eggs in the uterus of females of these parasites","authors":"Dina María Beltrán Zapa ,&nbsp;Willian Giquelin Maciel ,&nbsp;Weslen Fabricio Pires Teixeira ,&nbsp;Gustavo Felippelli ,&nbsp;Lucas Vinicius Costa Gomes ,&nbsp;Lorena Lopes Ferreira ,&nbsp;Alessandro Francisco Talamini Amarante ,&nbsp;Alvimar José da Costa ,&nbsp;Fernando de Almeida Borges ,&nbsp;Vando Edésio Soares ,&nbsp;Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effect of the injectable macrocyclic lactones (ML) ivermectin (IVE), abamectin (ABA), eprinomectin (EPR), doramectin (DOR) and moxidectin (MOX) on the number of eggs present in the uterus of strongyles from naturally infected cattle. In addition, the efficacy and diagnosis of resistance were assessed. Animals were treated (n = 8 for each ML) on day 0 of the study and necropsied on D+ 14. The number of eggs present in the uterus of the females and the lengths of <em>Haemonchus placei</em>, <em>Oesophagostomum radiatum</em>, <em>Trichostrongylus axei</em> and <em>Cooperia</em> spp. were measured. In addition, fecal egg counts (FEC) were performed, and the results showed efficacies for IVE, ABA, EPR, DOR and MOX, respectively, of 88.9 %, 76.9 %, 58.2 %, 62.3 % and 92.5 %. Through CET, <em>H. placei</em> and <em>C. punctata</em> populations were diagnosed as resistant to all ML tested except MOX. The populations of <em>C. pectinata</em> were resistant to ABA, EPR and DOR, while results were inconclusive for IVE and MOX. <em>T. axei</em> was resistant to IVM, while <em>O. radiatum</em> was resistant to all ML except IVM. In general, all ML significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced the mean number of eggs in the uterus of females collected from treated animals (ranging from 11.1 % for IVER/<em>O. radiatum</em> to 94.2 % for MOX/<em>T. axei</em>), except MOX for <em>O. radiatum</em>. The mean length of the females collected from treated animals was shorter (p &lt; 0.05) than in the control group. When the parasite resistance process is incipient for the most common and prolific strongyle species in each population, the clinical diagnosis of resistance through the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) showed some inconsistencies compared to the controlled efficacy test (CET).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 110419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcocystis infection in domestic and wild avian hosts: Inseparable flight partners","authors":"Petras Prakas ,&nbsp;Rafael Calero-Bernal ,&nbsp;Jitender P. Dubey","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sarcocystis</em> infections have been reported from numerous avian species. A remarkable number of valid <em>Sarcocystis</em> species infecting birds have been identified and named having avian species as intermediate hosts (n = 32). Only 14 species have their complete biological cycle known due to the difficulties in conducting <em>in vivo</em> experiments. In addition, at least 16 <em>Sarcocystis</em> species have been confirmed by molecular techniques to use birds as their definitive hosts. The present paper reviews recent findings in the field and remarks on the contribution of molecular tools to unravel important aspects of the epidemiology of the genus. Clinical diagnosis is discussed. Three <em>Sarcocystis</em> species, <em>Sarcocystis falcatula</em>, <em>Sarcocystis calchasi</em>, and <em>Sarcocystis halieti</em> have wide host range and cause clinical sarcocystosis in many avian species. Limitations of currently available molecular markers and animal experimentation to distinguish closely related <em>Sarcocystis</em> species are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 110413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and application of a sandwich ELISA method for measuring Toxoplasma gondii circulating fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ALD) protein in cats","authors":"Jing-Zhi Gong ,&nbsp;Yi-Min Fan ,&nbsp;Yun-Ping Wu ,&nbsp;Ming Pan ,&nbsp;Zhao-Feng Hou ,&nbsp;Si-Yang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxoplasmosis is an important public health concern. Cats play a crucial role in increasing the risk of toxoplasmosis transmission to humans. Early diagnosis in cats is essential for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. In this study, we found that <em>T. gondii</em> aldolase (ALD) could be an effective diagnostic antigen, and then the recombinant ALD protein was expressed using the pET SUMO protein expression system, the mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and rabbit polyclonal antibody (PoAb) of ALD were successfully produced, respectively. Furthermore, a reliable sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) was developed to detect circulating ALD in the sera of experimentally and naturally infected cats. rALD sELISA could detect <em>T. gondii</em> infection from 7DPI (post-infection day) to 14DPI with 100 % sensitivity and specificity, but could not detect <em>T. gondii</em> infection after 21DPI, indicating that it is a good early diagnosis tool. The detection limit was 7.8 ng/ml, the coefficients of variation (CV) of repeated tests within batches and between batches were confirmed to be less than 10 %. The results of 70 cat clinical serum samples detected by rALD sELISA were in almost perfect agreement beyond chance with those of a commercial ELISA kit (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.883). This sandwich ELISA method has high accuracy and can be used for early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of chicken Eimeria species through deep transfer learning models: A comparative study on model efficacy","authors":"Zeki Kucukkara ,&nbsp;Ilker Ali Ozkan ,&nbsp;Sakir Tasdemir ,&nbsp;Onur Ceylan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eimeria</em> is a protozoan parasite that causes coccidiosis in various animal species, especially in chickens, resulting in infections characterized by intestinal damage, hemorrhagic diarrhea, lethargy, and high mortality rates in the absence of effective control measures. The rapid spread of these parasites through ingestion of food and drinking water can seriously endanger animal health and productivity, leading to significant economic losses in the chicken industry. Chicken <em>Eimeria</em> species are difficult to identify by conventional microscopy due to similarities in oocyst morphologies. In addition, species identification, which is significant in epidemiological studies, is a time-consuming process involving the sporulation stage and various measurements, requiring labor and expertise. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop an automated system to classify digital micrographic images of sporulated <em>Eimeria</em> oocysts belonging to seven pathogenic species obtained from domestic chickens using deep transfer learning (DTL) models. This study is the first to utilize feature extraction and fine-tuning methods for classification using DTL models. In this study, 17 pre-trained DTL models were utilized for the classification process. The Xception model achieved the highest classification performance with an accuracy rate of 96.4 %, outperforming all the other models. These results highlight the efficacy of the Xception model and show that DTL models have significant potential in classifying <em>Eimeria</em> species. The DTL models applied in this study, which use both feature extraction and fine-tuning methods to enable species classification of sporulated oocysts of primary chicken <em>Eimeria</em> species, may reduce the workload of researchers in the future and can be incorporated into diagnostic tools and adapted for other practical uses in parasitology and other scientific fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient in vivo feeding method for poultry red mites, Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae)","authors":"Boxing Liu,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Bohan Wang,&nbsp;Penglong Wang,&nbsp;Kexin Zhu,&nbsp;Jiali Meng,&nbsp;Huan Li,&nbsp;Weiwei Sun,&nbsp;Baoliang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Dermanyssus gallinae</em> (<em>D. gallinae)</em>, the poultry red mite (PRM), is a haematophagous pest infesting poultry and wild birds. In studies of the biology of <em>D. gallinae</em> and the development of vaccines and systemic acaricides against the mites, it is often necessary to feed the mites under laboratory conditions. Although several feeding methods have been developed, however, some defects exist in these methods, such as low engorgement rate, low oviposition of mites, and difficulty in mite recovery after feeding. In this study, we developed an <em>in vivo</em> feeding method for <em>D. gallinae</em> based on a feeding device consisting of a fixing device and a feeding-storage device, which made the introduction and recovery of mites convenient, and provided protection of the mites during feeding. Under optimized conditions, the mean engorgement rate for adult female mites, protonymphs, and deutonymphs were 86.80 ± 6.57 %, 50.80 ± 12.85 %, and 62.8 ± 7.82 %, respectively. The average oviposition rate was 98.5 ± 1.38 %, with an average of 5.35 ± 0.41 eggs per mite, and an egg hatching rate of 98.92 ± 0.45 %. Additionally, the mean molting rate for protonymphs and deutonymphs fed with the device, were 97.68 % ± 3.18 % and 92.57 % ± 3.78 %, respectively. The whole life cycle of the mites could be completed with this method. The highly reliable feeding method established in this research exhibits potential application in the biological research of <em>D. gallinae</em> as well as in the development of novel control methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing farmer awareness: Vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in aborting cattle and the value of diagnostics tools","authors":"Diana S. Gliga ,&nbsp;Jon Paulin Zumthor ,&nbsp;Caroline F. Frey ,&nbsp;Walter Basso","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The protozoan parasite <em>Neospora caninum</em> is an important cause of abortion in cattle. Infection occurs horizontally by ingestion of oocysts shed by canids or vertically, from an infected dam to the foetus, and may result in abortion, stillbirth, or the birth of subclinically infected offspring. We estimated the occurrence of <em>N. caninum</em> infections in cattle farms with repeated abortions in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland, by serological and molecular methods and investigated risk factors for infection. From March 2021 to March 2022, all available samples (serum/placenta/foetal brain) from cattle, which aborted during this period, were submitted to the Cantonal Veterinary Laboratory for mandatory abortion diagnostic and were additionally tested for <em>N. caninum</em> antibodies (ELISA), or DNA (real-time PCR). Two questionnaire surveys were conducted i) to collect farm and husbandry data for risk factor analysis, and ii) to assess the impact of diagnosis in positive farms and the outcome of control measures. Overall, 488 cattle from 356 farms were tested (488 sera, 247 placentas, 98 foetal brains). Seroprevalence at animal level was 11.3 % (54/488), whereas at herd level it was 14.0 % (50/356). Eighteen (69 %) out of 26 placentas from seropositive dams were PCR-positive. Vertical transmission was confirmed by PCR on foetal brain in 87 % (13/15) of seropositive dams from which this sample was available. All placenta and foetal samples from seronegative cattle were PCR negative. The response rates of the first and second questionnaires were satisfactory with 40.4 % (659/1632) and 46 % (23/50) responding farms, respectively. Due to the low prevalence of infection, no risk factors could be inferred. The second survey revealed that owners of positive farms appreciated the surveillance of <em>N. caninum</em> and requested increasing awareness among dog walkers about the contamination of pastures with dog faeces and the provision of subsidies for prevention and control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with LC-MS/MS to identify candidate serodiagnostic antigens for early detection Psoroptes ovis var. cuniculi infection","authors":"X.B. Gu ,&nbsp;Y. Tian ,&nbsp;C.Y. Zhang ,&nbsp;J. Xu ,&nbsp;G.Y. Hao ,&nbsp;F.S. Yang ,&nbsp;Y.E. Li ,&nbsp;Y.P. Liang ,&nbsp;J. Fan ,&nbsp;F.Y. Wu ,&nbsp;X.Y. Yao ,&nbsp;M.L. He ,&nbsp;R. He ,&nbsp;H. Wang ,&nbsp;Y. Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the ‘gold standard’ for diagnosis of <em>Psoroptes ovis</em> infections is detecting <em>Psoroptes</em> mites or eggs in skin scrapings under microscopy, but it is prone to be mis-diagnosed for detecting early infection of <em>P. ovis</em>. Hence, seeking a reliable diagnostic technique for detecting early-stage mite infections is extremely desirable. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has proven to be useful for the diagnosis of early-stage <em>P. ovis</em> infection. Thus, the purpose of this study was to screen serodiagnostic candidate antigens that can detect early <em>P. ovis</em> infection. <em>Psoroptes ovis</em> var. <em>cuniculi</em> wash proteins (<em>Pso</em>WA), which contained an enriched source of secretory and excretory antigens, were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and screened by immunoblot using sera from rabbits with early-stage <em>Psoroptes</em> infection (1 week and 3 weeks). Immunogenic proteins were submitted for sequencing by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Three potential diagnostic antigens were identified (<em>Pso</em>SP3, <em>Pso</em>14–3–3(1) and <em>Pso</em>14–3–3(2)) in this study. These were further expressed in <em>E. coli</em> expression system to evaluate the serodiagnostic potential of these recombinant proteins for detecting early-stage <em>P. ovis</em> infection using an indirect ELISA (iELISA). Western blotting showed that 34 protein spots were recognized by rabbit sera of 1 week post-infection (wpi) and 3 wpi. The 2-DE results showed that a total of 199 proteins were detected with molecular weights varying from 20 to 100 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) from 4.1 to 9.3. Among these, 90 proteins were detected both at 1 wpi sera and 3 wpi sera, and the numbers of the specific identified proteins were 27 for 1 wpi sera and 82 for 3wpi sera. Moreover, r<em>Pso</em>SP3 showed better diagnostic efficacy than r<em>Pso</em>14–3–3(1) and r<em>Pso</em>14–3–3(2) in detecting early-stage <em>P. ovis</em> infection for its higher values of sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Our study describes the first immunoproteomic analysis to identify early diagnostic candidate antigens of <em>P. ovis</em>, and the identified antigens of <em>Psoroptes</em> in our study have significant implications for the development of early-stage diagnostic tests. <em>Pso</em>SP3 is a promising early diagnostic antigen for detecting <em>P. ovis</em> var. <em>cuniculi</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 110383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}