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Proteomic profiling of Ascaridia galli reveals sex- and stage-specific protein signatures 鸡蛔虫的蛋白质组学分析揭示了性别和阶段特异性的蛋白质特征
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110707
Anna Sophia Feix , Maibritt Mardahl , Johan Palmfeldt , Rikke Brødsgaard Kjærup , Tina Sørensen Dalgaard
Ascaridia galli is one of the most prevalent intestinal nematodes of domesticated chickens and the primary cause of avian ascaridiasis, a globally important disease in poultry production. Infection rates often reach 70–90 % in free-range systems due to its direct life cycle and efficient environmental transmission. Despite its impact, the molecular mechanisms governing A. galli host-parasite interactions remain poorly understood. A. galli belongs to Clade III nematodes, which include several species of major veterinary importance. Comparative genomic studies Clade III-nematodes have revealed expansions in gene families associated with key parasitic traits such as immune modulation, tissue migration, and adaptation to host environments. Proteomics provides a powerful approach for characterizing these processes by identifying proteins essential for development, metabolism, reproduction, and host interaction. However, current knowledge is based almost exclusively on mammalian-infecting species, and no developmental proteome has previously been mapped for A. galli. By profiling protein expression across life stages, this study produces the first proteomic dataset for A. galli. In total, 852 worm proteins were identified. Of these, 452 proteins were shared across female adults, male adults, and larvae, while each group also displayed distinct protein sets. Male worms shared a substantial subset of 327 proteins with females but not larvae, while larvae and females shared 18 proteins. These findings demonstrate that protein expression in parasitic nematodes is strongly sex-specific, with males typically expressing proteins linked to spermatogenesis and motility, and females expressing vitellogenins and lipid-binding proteins.
鸡蛔虫是家鸡最常见的肠道线虫之一,也是禽类蛔虫病的主要病因,是禽类生产中的一种全球性重要疾病。在散养系统中,由于其直接的生命周期和有效的环境传播,感染率通常达到70-90 %。尽管它的影响,控制a.g oli宿主-寄生虫相互作用的分子机制仍然知之甚少。A. galli属于III支系线虫,其中包括几个具有重要兽医意义的物种。进化枝iii线虫的比较基因组研究揭示了与免疫调节、组织迁移和对宿主环境的适应等关键寄生性状相关的基因家族的扩展。蛋白质组学通过鉴定发育、代谢、繁殖和宿主相互作用所必需的蛋白质,为表征这些过程提供了强有力的方法。然而,目前的知识几乎完全是基于哺乳动物感染的物种,并且以前没有为A. galli绘制发育蛋白质组。通过分析整个生命阶段的蛋白质表达,本研究产生了第一个蛋白质组学数据集。共鉴定出852个蠕虫蛋白。其中,452种蛋白质在雌性成虫、雄性成虫和幼虫之间共享,而每一组也显示出不同的蛋白质组。雄性蠕虫与雌性蠕虫共享327种蛋白质,但幼虫不共享,而幼虫和雌性蠕虫共享18种蛋白质。这些发现表明,寄生线虫的蛋白质表达具有强烈的性别特异性,雄性通常表达与精子发生和运动相关的蛋白质,而雌性则表达卵黄蛋白原和脂质结合蛋白。
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引用次数: 0
Pseudocapillaria tomentosa infections in laboratory larval and Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Development and advances in an in vivo anthelmintic drug discovery model 实验室幼鱼和成年斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的绒毛性假毛细毛感染:体内驱虫药物发现模型的发展和进展。
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110704
Connor Leong , Ruby Scanlon , Aisling Kyne , Thomas J. Sharpton , Michael L. Kent
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a widely used biomedical model and offers powerful high-throughput screening capabilities for assessing chemical bioactivity. We have previously employed adult zebrafish infected with the intestinal nematode Pseudocapillaria tomentosa to investigate nematode–microbiome interactions, nematode-promoted intestinal neoplasia, and anthelmintic drug discovery. Here we transition this model to a larval zebrafish infection infection to enable larger-scale experimentation and ultimately accelerate anthelmintic discovery. Infection conditions were optimized across 5–30 days post fertilization (dpf). The 30 dpf larvae exhibited the most robust and reproducible infections in multi-well formats, as well as the highest survival relative to younger stages. We described worm development from hatching through larval progression and maturation, addressing a major gap in foundational data with fish capillarids. Using in vitro–hatched larvae and infected larval and adult zebrafish, we documented developmental trajectories from 1 to 37 days post-exposure. Change-point analysis identified putative ecdysis transitions at the following worm lengths (mm): L1/L2 = 0.220, L2/L3 = 0.571, L3/L4 = 1.174, and L4/L5 = 1.584. Finally, we demonstrated proof-of-concept for anthelmintic screening by exposing fish to larvated eggs in the presence of emamectin benzoate (macrocyclic lactone) or fenbendazole (benzimidazole). Both compounds reduced worm burdens after 3 days, with the strongest effects at higher concentrations (0.7 µM emamectin benzoate; 0.3 µM fenbendazole). Together, these findings establishes a proof of concept for larval zebrafish infection platform which bridges the gap between in vitro and mammalian in vivo assays, enabling scalable, efficient, and biologically relevant screening for anthelmintic drug discovery.
斑马鱼(Danio rerio)是一种广泛使用的生物医学模型,为评估化学生物活性提供了强大的高通量筛选能力。我们之前使用感染了肠道绒毛假毛细线虫的成年斑马鱼来研究线虫与微生物组的相互作用、线虫促进的肠道肿瘤形成和驱虫药的发现。在这里,我们将这个模型过渡到幼虫斑马鱼感染感染,以实现更大规模的实验,并最终加速驱虫发现。在受精后5-30天(dpf)优化感染条件。30株dpf幼虫在多井格式中表现出最强劲和可复制的感染,相对于年轻阶段,存活率最高。我们描述了蠕虫从孵化到幼虫发育和成熟,解决了与鱼类毛细血管基础数据的主要差距。使用体外孵化的幼虫、受感染的幼虫和成年斑马鱼,我们记录了接触后1至37天的发育轨迹。变化点分析确定了以下蠕虫长度(mm)的推定脱壳过渡:L1/L2 = 0.220,L2/L3 = 0.571,L3/L4 = 1.174,L4/L5 = 1.584。最后,我们证明了通过将鱼暴露于存在埃马菌素苯甲酸酯(大环内酯)或苯并咪唑(苯并咪唑)的幼虫卵中进行驱虫虫筛选的概念证明。3天后,这两种化合物都减轻了线虫的负担,浓度越高效果越明显(0.7 µM苯甲酸亚维菌素;0.3 µM芬苯达唑)。总之,这些发现建立了一个幼虫斑马鱼感染平台的概念证明,它弥合了体外和哺乳动物体内检测之间的差距,使可扩展、高效和生物相关的驱虫药物筛选成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Development of an indirect ELISA and an immunochromatographic test method for early detection of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep 绵羊弯曲血蜱感染的间接ELISA和免疫层析检测方法的建立
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110703
Xueqiu Chen , Lingyun Mou , Manqin Deng , Jingju Zhang , Jiaming Yu , Jianfang Li , Hongli Zhang , Guangxu Ma , Yi Yang , Aifang Du
Haemonchosis, caused by the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus, poses a significant global threat to small ruminant health and productivity. Current diagnostic methods, such as fecal egg flotation, cannot detect early-stage or latent infections, hindering timely intervention. Building on prior identification of the secreted BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor domain-containing protein SPI-I8 as a key H. contortus antigen released during initial infection, we developed two diagnostic methods using recombinant Hc-SPI-I8B (rHc-SPI-I8B). First, an indirect ELISA with rHc-SPI-I8B as the coating antigen demonstrated detection of H. contortus infection in sheep as early as 10 days post-infection (dpi), with a sensitivity of 1:200. Concurrently, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) was established by conjugating rHc-SPI-I8B with 20 nm gold particles, achieving a sensitivity of 1:40, detecting antibodies at 11 dpi, and remaining effective beyond 100 dpi. Both methods exhibited high specificity, showing no cross-reactivity with positive sera of Echinococcus granulosus, Fasciola hepatica, or Fasciola gigantica. Additionally, they showed high stability and reproducibility (inter-/intra-assay CV <10 % for ELISA). Both approaches provide efficient tools for early diagnosis of haemonchosis.
由扭曲血蜱(Haemonchus contrtus)寄生虫引起的血蜱病对小反刍动物的健康和生产力构成重大的全球性威胁。目前的诊断方法,如粪卵浮选,不能发现早期或潜伏感染,妨碍及时干预。基于先前鉴定的分泌BPTI/Kunitz抑制剂结构域蛋白SPI-I8是初始感染时释放的关键弓形虫抗原,我们开发了两种使用重组Hc-SPI-I8B (rHc-SPI-I8B)的诊断方法。首先,以rHc-SPI-I8B为包被抗原的间接酶联免疫吸附试验表明,绵羊感染后10天(dpi)就能检测到弯曲螺旋体感染,灵敏度为1:20 00。同时,将rHc-SPI-I8B与20 nm的金颗粒偶联,建立了免疫层析检测(ICT)方法,灵敏度为1:40,在11 dpi处检测抗体,在100 dpi以上检测抗体有效。两种方法均具有较高的特异性,与细粒棘球蚴、肝片吸虫和巨型片吸虫阳性血清无交叉反应。此外,它们表现出高稳定性和重复性(ELISA的测定间/测定内CV <;10 %)。这两种方法都为早期诊断血液病提供了有效的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis. 兰科植物精油及其单萜对十二指肠贾第虫的植物治疗潜力。
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702
Sara Marcos-Herraiz , Sara Alonso Fernández , María José Irisarri , Jaime Arroyo Díaz , Francisco Ponce-Gordo , Azucena González-Coloma , Juliana Navarro Rocha , Iris Azami-Conesa , María Teresa Gómez-Muñoz , María Bailén
Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plant species have been widely used in Mediterranean ethnomedicine for gastrointestinal disorders. They are also known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-parasite, and anti-virus properties. Giardia duodenalis is the most prevalent intestinal protozoon in children and young dogs worldwide. Its zoonotic potential and frequent therapeutic failures with nitroimidazoles underscore the urgent need for alternative treatments. This study investigated the antigiardial activity of essential oils (EOs) from 22 medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae and Asteraceae, together with their major constituents. EO composition was determined by a metabolomic approach (GC-MS). Parasite metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, and ultrastructural changes were examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The strongest antigiardial effects were observed with Lavandula luisieri, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha suaveolens, Satureja montana (IC50 <25), L. lanata, and T. zygis, (IC50= 27.9–71.5 µg/ml). The highest selective indexes were obtained with γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol (SI≥1.3–2.4). Synergistic interactions were detected with linalyl acetate and linalool (present in Lavandula EOs), linalyl acetate with ρ-cymene or thymol, or combinations of ρ-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol, and carvacrol (present in Satureja EOs). Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed membranolysis, enlarged periplasmic vacuoles, and cytoplasmic loss in trophozoites exposed to γ-terpinene after 1 h. These findings provide phytotherapeutic evidence supporting essential oils from Lavandula, Mentha, Thymus, and Satureja as promising antigiardial agents. Their main components γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol could have potential applications in veterinary parasitology.
兰科和菊科植物在地中海民族医学中被广泛应用于胃肠疾病治疗。它们还以抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗寄生虫和抗病毒的特性而闻名。十二指肠贾第虫是世界上儿童和幼犬中最常见的肠道原虫。其人畜共患的潜力和频繁的治疗失败的硝基咪唑强调迫切需要替代治疗。本研究研究了22种堇科和菊科药用植物精油的抗心绞痛活性及其主要成分。通过代谢组学方法(GC-MS)测定EO的组成。采用MTT法测定寄生虫代谢活性,透射电镜观察其超微结构变化。薰衣草、百里草、薄荷、大黄草(IC50= 27.9 ~ 71.5 µg/ml)、枸杞(IC50= 27.9 ~ 71.5 μ g/ml)的抗心包作用最强。γ-萜烯、氧化石竹烯、香芹酚和百里香酚的选择性指数最高(SI≥1.3 ~ 2.4)。乙酸芳樟油和芳樟醇(存在于薰衣草中),乙酸芳樟油与ρ-花香烃或百里香酚,或ρ-花香烃、γ-萜烯、百里香酚和香芹酚(存在于红花中)的组合检测到协同相互作用。透射电镜显示,暴露于γ-萜烯1 h后,滋养体膜溶解,质周空泡增大,细胞质丢失。这些发现提供了植物治疗的证据,支持薰衣草、薄荷、胸腺草和沙图里亚的精油作为有希望的抗心绞痛剂。其主要成分γ-萜烯、氧化石竹烯、香芹酚和百里香酚在兽医寄生虫学研究中具有潜在的应用价值。
{"title":"Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.","authors":"Sara Marcos-Herraiz ,&nbsp;Sara Alonso Fernández ,&nbsp;María José Irisarri ,&nbsp;Jaime Arroyo Díaz ,&nbsp;Francisco Ponce-Gordo ,&nbsp;Azucena González-Coloma ,&nbsp;Juliana Navarro Rocha ,&nbsp;Iris Azami-Conesa ,&nbsp;María Teresa Gómez-Muñoz ,&nbsp;María Bailén","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plant species have been widely used in Mediterranean ethnomedicine for gastrointestinal disorders. They are also known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-parasite, and anti-virus properties. <em>Giardia duodenalis</em> is the most prevalent intestinal protozoon in children and young dogs worldwide. Its zoonotic potential and frequent therapeutic failures with nitroimidazoles underscore the urgent need for alternative treatments. This study investigated the antigiardial activity of essential oils (EOs) from 22 medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae and Asteraceae, together with their major constituents. EO composition was determined by a metabolomic approach (GC-MS). Parasite metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, and ultrastructural changes were examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The strongest antigiardial effects were observed with <em>Lavandula luisieri</em>, <em>Thymus vulgaris, Mentha suaveolens, Satureja montana</em> (IC<sub>50</sub> &lt;25), <em>L. lanata</em>, and <em>T. zygis,</em> (IC<sub>50</sub>= 27.9–71.5 µg/ml). The highest selective indexes were obtained with γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol (SI≥1.3–2.4). Synergistic interactions were detected with linalyl acetate and linalool (present in <em>Lavandula</em> EOs), linalyl acetate with ρ-cymene or thymol, or combinations of ρ-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol, and carvacrol (present in <em>Satureja</em> EOs). Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed membranolysis, enlarged periplasmic vacuoles, and cytoplasmic loss in trophozoites exposed to γ-terpinene after 1 h. These findings provide phytotherapeutic evidence supporting essential oils from <em>Lavandula</em>, <em>Mentha</em>, <em>Thymus,</em> and <em>Satureja</em> as promising antigiardial agents. Their main components γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol could have potential applications in veterinary parasitology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in Taenia solium cysticerci (TsPKA-c): A promising molecular target for the development of novel anti-cysticercosis therapeutics 猪带绦虫囊尾蚴(TsPKA-c)中camp依赖蛋白激酶的催化亚基:开发新型抗囊尾蚴治疗药物的一个有前途的分子靶点
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110700
Li-Qun Wang , Guang-Xue Liu , Pan-Hong Liang , Li Li , Tao-Shan Li , Ai-Ming Guo , Tharheer Oluwashola Amuda , Ke-Ke Wu , Yi-Xuan Wu , Hong Yin , Hong-Bin Yan , Xue-Nong Luo
Cysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of T. solium, remains a major neglected tropical disease with severe clinical and socioeconomic consequences in endemic regions. Although cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling is fundamental to parasite development and survival, its therapeutic relevance in T. solium has not been comprehensively explored. This study provides an integrated molecular and functional characterization of the T. solium PKA catalytic subunit (TsPKA-c) and evaluates its potential as a novel therapeutic target for cysticercosis control. Recombinant TsPKA-c was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified in an active form, demonstrating robust kinase activity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed strong evolutionary conservation among cestode PKA homologues, underscoring its essential biological function. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed stage-specific expression in both larval and adult parasite forms. Optimal enzymatic activity occurred at pH 7.5 and 35°C, with kinetic parameters showing a Km of 36.37 ± 2.64 µM and Vmax of 0.7648 ± 0.013 nmol/min/µg. Pharmacological inhibition experiments identified H89 as a highly potent inhibitor of TsPKA-c (IC50 = 14.55 ± 1.5 µM), exhibiting greater efficacy than PKI (14−22) (IC50 = 23.09 ± 0.5 µM). Both inhibitors induced significant dose- and time-dependent mortality in T. pisiformis cysticerci, with H89 causing rapid lethality. Metabolic analyses demonstrated a marked reduction in glucose uptake following TsPKA-c inhibition, accompanied by alterations in excretory-secretory protein profiles. Collectively, these findings establish TsPKA-c as a critical regulator of parasite metabolism and survival, supporting its strong candidacy as a promising molecular target for the development of novel anti-cysticercosis therapeutic strategies.
由猪尾绦虫幼虫期引起的囊虫病仍然是一种被忽视的主要热带病,在流行地区具有严重的临床和社会经济后果。尽管环amp依赖性蛋白激酶(PKA)信号对寄生虫的发育和生存至关重要,但其在血吸虫中的治疗意义尚未得到全面探讨。本研究提供了T. solium PKA催化亚基(TsPKA-c)的综合分子和功能表征,并评估了其作为囊虫病控制新治疗靶点的潜力。重组TsPKA-c在毕赤酵母中成功表达,并以活性形式纯化,显示出强大的激酶活性。系统发育分析表明,PKA同源基因在动物中具有较强的进化保守性,强调了其重要的生物学功能。免疫组织化学分析证实在幼虫和成虫形式中都有阶段特异性表达。pH为7.5和35℃时酶活性最佳,动力学参数Km为36.37 ± 2.64 µM, Vmax为0.7648 ± 0.013 nmol/min/µg。药理抑制实验表明H89是一种高效的TsPKA-c抑制剂(IC50 = 14.55 ± 1.5 µM),其抑制效果优于PKI(14−22)(IC50 = 23.09 ± 0.5 µM)。这两种抑制剂均诱导了显著的剂量依赖性和时间依赖性囊虫死亡率,其中H89引起快速致死。代谢分析表明,在TsPKA-c抑制后,葡萄糖摄取明显减少,并伴有排泄-分泌蛋白谱的改变。总之,这些发现表明TsPKA-c是寄生虫代谢和生存的关键调节因子,支持其作为开发新型抗囊虫病治疗策略的有希望的分子靶点的强大候选性。
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引用次数: 0
Concurrent evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers, cytokine expression, molecular identification, and histopathological findings in sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica 同时评估氧化应激生物标志物、细胞因子表达、分子鉴定和肝片形吸虫自然感染羊的组织病理学发现
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110701
Olfat A. Mahdy , Mai A. Salem , Mohamed S. Kamel , Mohamed A. El-Saied , Asmaa K. Al-Mokaddem , Radwa Ashour , Reem M. Ramadan
Ovine fascioliasis, caused by Fasciola species, challenges livestock productivity worldwide and remains insufficiently characterized at the molecular and immunological levels in endemic regions, such as Egypt. In 150 slaughtered sheep, the prevalence was determined, mitochondrial COX1 was sequenced for species identity, hepatic cytokine transcripts were quantified via qRT-PCR, oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, TAC, TOS, and OSI) were assayed, and histopathology was evaluated. The prevalence was 15.3 %, with non-significant sex/season effects. COX1 phylogenetics confirmed that Fasciola hepatica identity was closely related to global haplotypes. Infected livers showed upregulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) 4.0 × (, TNF-α) 6.6 × () and regulatory (IL-10 (5.3 ×), TGF-β (4.7 ×), and IL-4 (4.4 ×) cytokines, with downregulated IFN-γ (0.45 ×). Oxidative stress markers, including MDA (5 ×), TOS (6.1 ×), and OSI (3.6 ×), were significantly elevated, alongside a compensatory rise in TAC (7.8 ×). Histological examination revealed hepatocellular degeneration, bile duct hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltration, and fibrosis. These results elucidate the complex immune modulation and oxidative imbalance during F. hepatica infection and emphasize the necessity of integrated molecular and functional diagnostics to enhance fascioliasis management in sheep.
由片形吸虫引起的羊片形吸虫病对全世界的畜牧业生产力构成挑战,在埃及等流行地区,在分子和免疫学水平上的特征仍然不足。在150只屠宰的绵羊中,测定了患病率,对线粒体COX1进行了物种鉴定测序,通过qRT-PCR定量分析了肝脏细胞因子转录物,检测了氧化应激生物标志物(MDA、TAC、TOS和OSI),并进行了组织病理学评估。患病率为15.3 %,性别/季节影响不显著。COX1系统发育证实肝片形吸虫身份与全球单倍型密切相关。感染肝脏显示促炎(IL-1β) 4.0 × (,TNF-α) 6.6 × ()和调节性(IL-10(5.3 ×), TGF-β(4.7 ×)和IL-4(4.4 ×)细胞因子上调,IFN-γ下调(0.45 ×)。氧化应激标志物,包括MDA(5 ×)、TOS(6.1 ×)和OSI(3.6 ×)显著升高,同时TAC(7.8 ×)代偿性升高。组织学检查显示肝细胞变性、胆管增生、炎症浸润及纤维化。这些结果阐明了肝片吸虫病感染过程中复杂的免疫调节和氧化失衡,强调了整合分子和功能诊断以加强羊片吸虫病管理的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Association between Heterakis dispar infections and concurrent diseases in reproductive geese: A retrospective necropsy study 生殖鹅异异体感染与并发疾病的关系:回顾性尸检研究
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110698
Kamila Bobrek
Heterakis infection, caused by small nematodes that inhabit the caeca, is one of the most frequently reported parasitic infections in poultry. Despite its prevalence, the impact of Heterakis spp. on avian health remains inconsistently described. This study retrospectively analysed the association between Heterakis dispar infection and other diseases in farmed geese. Among 194 necropsied reproductive geese from 2015 to 2023, 143 were found to be infected with Heterakis dispar, whereas 51 were not. In geese with caecal nematodes, bacterial infection was the dominant cause of death (89.5 %). Peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli was identified as the cause of death in 58.7 % of Heterakis-infected geese and 41.2 % of non-infected geese, with a positive association. Conversely, a negative association was observed between Heterakis dispar infection and two other bacterial diseases: pasteurellosis accounted for 29.4 % of deaths in the nematode-negative group and 15.4 % in the nematode-positive group, whereas erysipelas accounted for 21.6 % and 8.4 %, respectively. No association was observed between Heterakis dispar infection and other conditions such as tetratrichomoniasis, necrotic enteritis, arthritis, or neoplasms. Presumably the larval stage of the Heterakis life cycle, which involves penetration of the caecal wall, may facilitate secondary infections by bacteria naturally residing in the caecum, particularly E. coli. These findings highlight a possible role of Heterakis dispar in predisposing geese to specific bacterial infections through damage to the mucosa of the caecum.
异线虫感染是由栖息在盲肠中的小线虫引起的,是禽类中最常见的寄生虫感染之一。尽管它很流行,但对其对禽类健康的影响的描述仍不一致。本研究回顾性分析了养殖鹅异线虫感染与其他疾病的关系。2015 - 2023年194只死亡繁殖鹅中,发现异异线虫感染143只,未感染51只。盲肠线虫病鹅的主要死亡原因是细菌感染(89.5% %)。大肠杆菌引起的腹膜炎被确定为58.7% %感染杂杆菌鹅和41.2% %未感染杂杆菌鹅的死亡原因,两者呈正相关。相反,异线虫感染与其他两种细菌性疾病之间呈负相关:巴氏杆菌病在线虫阴性组和线虫阳性组中分别占29.4% %和15.4% %的死亡,而丹毒分别占21.6% %和8.4% %。未观察到异棘虫感染与其他疾病如四滴虫病、坏死性肠炎、关节炎或肿瘤之间的关联。据推测,异线虫生命周期的幼虫阶段,包括穿透盲肠壁,可能促进天然存在于盲肠中的细菌,特别是大肠杆菌的继发性感染。这些发现突出了异歧杆菌可能通过损伤盲肠粘膜使鹅易受特定细菌感染。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of monthly infection risk of heartworm infection in Colombia: integrative ecological niche modeling of Culex quinquefasciatus and Dirofilaria immitis 哥伦比亚心丝虫感染的月感染风险评估:致倦库蚊和免疫笛丝虫的综合生态位模型。
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110699
Rodrigo Morchón , Elena Infante González-Mohino , María Victoria Esteban-Mendoza , Manuel Collado-Cuadrado , Víctor Arcila-Quiceno , José Alberto Montoya-Alonso , Elena Carretón , Iván Rodríguez-Escolar
Heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) is a globally distributed vector-borne zoonosis affecting canids and felids, which can be fatal by compromising the cardiorespiratory system. This study analyzes the annual and monthly infection risk in Colombia by integrating ecological niche modeling for Culex quinquefasciatus—the most important and widely distributed vector in the country—with the temperature-dependent number of D. immitis generations within the vector. Results identified the human footprint (78 %) as the primary determinant of vector distribution, surpassing climatic variables and confirming the synanthropic nature of transmission. The monthly analysis revealed sustained potential transmission year-round in lowlands and coastal areas, contrasting with a marked thermal barrier in the Andean region, where altitude limits parasite development despite the presence of the vector. External validation confirmed the model's robustness, locating 84.68 % of reported cases within very high-risk zones. Heartworm infection in Colombia is a non-seasonal urban phenomenon, strictly modulated by altitude. These findings call for replacing seasonal prophylaxis with continuous preventive protocols and prioritizing epidemiological surveillance under a One Health approach along the country's main demographic corridors.
心丝虫病是一种全球分布的媒介传播的人畜共患病,影响犬科动物和猫科动物,可通过损害心肺系统而致命。本研究通过整合致倦库蚊(该国最重要和广泛分布的病媒)的生态位模型,以及病媒中与温度相关的虫代数,分析了哥伦比亚每年和每月的感染风险。结果发现,人类足迹(78 %)是病媒分布的主要决定因素,超过了气候变量,证实了传播的共生性。月度分析显示,低地和沿海地区全年持续存在潜在传播,而安第斯地区存在明显的热屏障,尽管存在病媒,但海拔高度限制了寄生虫的发育。外部验证证实了模型的稳健性,将84.68 %的报告病例定位在非常高风险区域。在哥伦比亚,心丝虫感染是一种非季节性的城市现象,受海拔高度的严格调节。这些调查结果要求用持续的预防方案取代季节性预防,并在该国主要人口走廊的“同一个健康”方针下优先开展流行病学监测。
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引用次数: 0
Date seed–and licorice–derived nanoemulsions inhibit clinostomid metacercariae recovered from naturally infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): First report 枣籽和甘草提取的纳米乳剂抑制从自然感染的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)中恢复的clinostomid metacercarides:首次报告。
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110697
Olfat A. Mahdy , Mai A. Salem , Fady Sayed Youssef , Mohamed S. Kamel , Reem M. Ramadan
Herein, we present the development and comprehensive evaluation of green nanoemulsions derived from date seeds (DNE) and licorice (LNE) as antiparasitic agents targeting clinostomiasis in freshwater fish. Focusing on Clinostomum (C.) complanatum and Euclinostomum (E.) heterostomum—parasites that pose significant health risks to humans and cause substantial economic losses in aquaculture—these nanoemulsions were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The analyses confirmed their uniform spherical morphology, nanoscale size, and robust colloidal stability. Molecular docking analyses revealed strong binding affinities between key phytoconstituents and essential parasitic enzymes, with glycyrrhizin exhibiting the highest affinity (−9.28 kcal/mol) for Euclinostomum cytochrome c oxidase. Key constituents in DNE included caffeic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid; LNE featured glycyrrhizin among other phenolics. Both DNE and LNE induced marked, concentration- and time-dependent mortality in excysted metacercariae, with species-specific potency: LNE was more effective against C. complanatum (LC₅₀ = 0.032 %) while DNE showed superior activity against E. heterostomum (LC₅₀ = 0.004 %). Comet assays further revealed significant, dose-dependent DNA damage in both parasite species, with DNE causing more pronounced genotoxicity in E. heterostomum and LNE inducing greater DNA fragmentation in C. complanatum. These findings highlight the potential of plant-derived nanoemulsions as sustainable alternatives for parasite control in aquaculture, offering targeted, species-specific efficacy while minimizing ecological risks and reducing reliance on synthetic chemotherapeutants. The integration of such green nanotechnological approaches represents a promising strategy for effective disease management and the advancement of sustainable aquaculture practices. These results highlight the date seed and licorice-based nanoemulsions as promising in vitro antiparasitic candidates which justify further in vivo confirmation.
在此,我们介绍了从枣籽(DNE)和甘草(LNE)中提取的绿色纳米乳剂的开发和综合评价,以作为针对淡水鱼线虫病的抗寄生虫剂。利用透射电子显微镜和动态光散射技术对这些纳米乳剂进行了表征,重点研究了对人类健康构成重大风险并在水产养殖中造成重大经济损失的斜口(c)和异口(e)寄生虫。分析证实了它们均匀的球形形态、纳米级尺寸和强大的胶体稳定性。分子对接分析表明,主要植物成分与寄生酶具有较强的结合亲和力,其中甘草酸对桉树细胞色素c氧化酶的亲和力最高(-9.28 kcal/mol)。DNE的主要成分包括咖啡酸、表儿茶素、阿魏酸和5- o -咖啡莽草酸;在其他酚类物质中,LNE以甘草酸为主。DNE和LNE都在囊出的囊蚴中诱导了显著的浓度和时间依赖性死亡率,具有物种特异性效力:LNE对C. planatum (LC₅₀= 0.032 %)更有效,而DNE对E. heterostomum (LC₅₀= 0.004 %)表现出更强的活性。彗星实验进一步揭示了这两种寄生虫的显著的剂量依赖性DNA损伤,DNE在异口弓形虫中引起更明显的遗传毒性,而LNE在平斑弓形虫中引起更大的DNA片段化。这些发现强调了植物源纳米乳剂作为水产养殖中寄生虫控制的可持续替代品的潜力,它提供了有针对性的、物种特异性的功效,同时最大限度地降低了生态风险并减少了对合成化疗药物的依赖。这种绿色纳米技术方法的整合代表了有效疾病管理和促进可持续水产养殖实践的一种有前途的战略。这些结果表明枣籽和甘草基纳米乳液具有良好的体外抗寄生虫活性,值得进一步的体内实验验证。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of targeted selective treatment on performance, nematode faecal egg counts and anthelmintic use in sheep: A meta-analysis 靶向选择性处理对绵羊生产性能、线虫粪卵计数和驱虫剂使用的影响:一项荟萃分析
IF 2.2 2区 农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110696
Adam D. Hayward, Fiona Kenyon
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections of ruminant livestock have traditionally been controlled through regular, “suppressive”, treatment with anthelmintic drugs, but this has resulted in the evolution of anthelmintic resistance and reduced efficacy. There is now a critical need to reduce anthelmintic use to maintain anthelmintic efficacy by creating refugia where susceptible GIN reside. Targeted selective treatment (TST) strategies only treat animals that need it, ensuring animals affected by GIN maintain their performance, while animals unaffected by GIN are not treated unnecessarily. TST is generally agreed to reduce anthelmintic use without drastically reducing animal performance or increasing GIN faecal egg count (FEC), but there is considerable variation in results reported by studies comparing TST with other strategies. To explore the effectiveness of TST and identify factors affecting previous results, we applied meta-analysis to data collected from 20 studies comparing TST to other strategies. Overall, TST was associated with a statistically significant, but small, reduction in animal performance, no effect on worm FEC, and 50 % lower anthelmintic use. Experimental design affected study outcome: basing treatment decisions on body condition scores resulted in less favourable outcomes compared to other methods. Meanwhile, TST was associated with negligible reductions in performance compared to “suppressive” treatment, and although FEC was increased slightly in the TST group, anthelmintic use was reduced by around two-thirds. Differences between TST and “strategic” treatments were smaller, but TST still reduced anthelmintic use by 25 %. Overall, the results support the use of TST to reduce anthelmintic use while maintaining efficacy and animal performance.
反刍家畜的胃肠道线虫(GIN)感染传统上是通过定期使用驱虫药进行“抑制性”治疗来控制的,但这导致了驱虫药耐药性的演变和效果的降低。现在迫切需要减少驱虫药的使用,通过在易受感染的GIN居住的地方建立避难所来保持驱虫药的功效。靶向选择性治疗(TST)策略只治疗有需要的动物,确保受GIN影响的动物保持其生产性能,而未受GIN影响的动物则不会受到不必要的治疗。人们普遍认为,TST可以减少驱虫剂的使用,而不会大幅降低动物生产性能或增加GIN粪卵计数(FEC),但将TST与其他策略进行比较的研究报告的结果存在很大差异。为了探索TST的有效性并确定影响先前结果的因素,我们对收集的20项研究数据进行了荟萃分析,将TST与其他策略进行了比较。总体而言,TST与动物生产性能的统计学显著但很小的降低有关,对蠕虫FEC没有影响,并且驱虫药的使用降低了50% %。实验设计影响研究结果:与其他方法相比,基于身体状况评分的治疗决策结果不太理想。与此同时,与“抑制”治疗相比,TST与可忽略不计的性能下降有关,尽管TST组的FEC略有增加,但驱虫药的使用减少了约三分之二。TST和“策略”治疗之间的差异较小,但TST仍然减少了25% %的驱虫药使用。总体而言,研究结果支持使用TST在保持药效和动物生产性能的同时减少驱虫剂的使用。
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Veterinary parasitology
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