Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Concurrent evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers, cytokine expression, molecular identification, and histopathological findings in sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica","authors":"Olfat A. Mahdy ,&nbsp;Mai A. Salem ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Kamel ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. El-Saied ,&nbsp;Asmaa K. Al-Mokaddem ,&nbsp;Radwa Ashour ,&nbsp;Reem M. Ramadan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovine fascioliasis, caused by <em>Fasciola</em> species, challenges livestock productivity worldwide and remains insufficiently characterized at the molecular and immunological levels in endemic regions, such as Egypt. In 150 slaughtered sheep, the prevalence was determined, mitochondrial COX1 was sequenced for species identity, hepatic cytokine transcripts were quantified via qRT-PCR, oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, TAC, TOS, and OSI) were assayed, and histopathology was evaluated. The prevalence was 15.3 %, with non-significant sex/season effects. COX1 phylogenetics confirmed that <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> identity was closely related to global haplotypes. Infected livers showed upregulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) 4.0 × (, TNF-α) 6.6 × () and regulatory (IL-10 (5.3 ×), TGF-β (4.7 ×), and IL-4 (4.4 ×) cytokines, with downregulated IFN-γ (0.45 ×). Oxidative stress markers, including MDA (5 ×), TOS (6.1 ×), and OSI (3.6 ×), were significantly elevated, alongside a compensatory rise in TAC (7.8 ×). Histological examination revealed hepatocellular degeneration, bile duct hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltration, and fibrosis. These results elucidate the complex immune modulation and oxidative imbalance during <em>F. hepatica</em> infection and emphasize the necessity of integrated molecular and functional diagnostics to enhance fascioliasis management in sheep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Heterakis dispar infections and concurrent diseases in reproductive geese: A retrospective necropsy study","authors":"Kamila Bobrek","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Heterakis</em> infection, caused by small nematodes that inhabit the caeca, is one of the most frequently reported parasitic infections in poultry. Despite its prevalence, the impact of <em>Heterakis</em> spp. on avian health remains inconsistently described. This study retrospectively analysed the association between <em>Heterakis dispar</em> infection and other diseases in farmed geese. Among 194 necropsied reproductive geese from 2015 to 2023, 143 were found to be infected with <em>Heterakis dispar</em>, whereas 51 were not. In geese with caecal nematodes, bacterial infection was the dominant cause of death (89.5 %). Peritonitis caused by <em>Escherichia coli</em> was identified as the cause of death in 58.7 % of <em>Heterakis</em>-infected geese and 41.2 % of non-infected geese, with a positive association. Conversely, a negative association was observed between <em>Heterakis dispar</em> infection and two other bacterial diseases: pasteurellosis accounted for 29.4 % of deaths in the nematode-negative group and 15.4 % in the nematode-positive group, whereas erysipelas accounted for 21.6 % and 8.4 %, respectively. No association was observed between <em>Heterakis dispar</em> infection and other conditions such as tetratrichomoniasis, necrotic enteritis, arthritis, or neoplasms. Presumably the larval stage of the <em>Heterakis</em> life cycle, which involves penetration of the caecal wall, may facilitate secondary infections by bacteria naturally residing in the caecum, particularly <em>E. coli</em>. These findings highlight a possible role of <em>Heterakis dispar</em> in predisposing geese to specific bacterial infections through damage to the mucosa of the caecum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of monthly infection risk of heartworm infection in Colombia: integrative ecological niche modeling of Culex quinquefasciatus and Dirofilaria immitis","authors":"Rodrigo Morchón ,&nbsp;Elena Infante González-Mohino ,&nbsp;María Victoria Esteban-Mendoza ,&nbsp;Manuel Collado-Cuadrado ,&nbsp;Víctor Arcila-Quiceno ,&nbsp;José Alberto Montoya-Alonso ,&nbsp;Elena Carretón ,&nbsp;Iván Rodríguez-Escolar","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heartworm disease (<em>Dirofilaria immitis</em>) is a globally distributed vector-borne zoonosis affecting canids and felids, which can be fatal by compromising the cardiorespiratory system. This study analyzes the annual and monthly infection risk in Colombia by integrating ecological niche modeling for <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em>—the most important and widely distributed vector in the country—with the temperature-dependent number of <em>D. immitis</em> generations within the vector. Results identified the human footprint (78 %) as the primary determinant of vector distribution, surpassing climatic variables and confirming the synanthropic nature of transmission. The monthly analysis revealed sustained potential transmission year-round in lowlands and coastal areas, contrasting with a marked thermal barrier in the Andean region, where altitude limits parasite development despite the presence of the vector. External validation confirmed the model's robustness, locating 84.68 % of reported cases within very high-risk zones. Heartworm infection in Colombia is a non-seasonal urban phenomenon, strictly modulated by altitude. These findings call for replacing seasonal prophylaxis with continuous preventive protocols and prioritizing epidemiological surveillance under a One Health approach along the country's main demographic corridors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145967085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Date seed–and licorice–derived nanoemulsions inhibit clinostomid metacercariae recovered from naturally infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): First report","authors":"Olfat A. Mahdy ,&nbsp;Mai A. Salem ,&nbsp;Fady Sayed Youssef ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Kamel ,&nbsp;Reem M. Ramadan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we present the development and comprehensive evaluation of green nanoemulsions derived from date seeds (DNE) and licorice (LNE) as antiparasitic agents targeting clinostomiasis in freshwater fish. Focusing on <em>Clinostomum (C.) complanatum</em> and <em>Euclinostomum (E.) heterostomum</em>—parasites that pose significant health risks to humans and cause substantial economic losses in aquaculture—these nanoemulsions were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The analyses confirmed their uniform spherical morphology, nanoscale size, and robust colloidal stability. Molecular docking analyses revealed strong binding affinities between key phytoconstituents and essential parasitic enzymes, with glycyrrhizin exhibiting the highest affinity (−9.28 kcal/mol) for <em>Euclinostomum</em> cytochrome c oxidase. Key constituents in DNE included caffeic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid; LNE featured glycyrrhizin among other phenolics<em>.</em> Both DNE and LNE induced marked, concentration- and time-dependent mortality in excysted metacercariae, with species-specific potency: LNE was more effective against <em>C. complanatum</em> (LC₅₀ = 0.032 %) while DNE showed superior activity against <em>E. heterostomum</em> (LC₅₀ = 0.004 %). Comet assays further revealed significant, dose-dependent DNA damage in both parasite species, with DNE causing more pronounced genotoxicity in <em>E. heterostomum</em> and LNE inducing greater DNA fragmentation in <em>C. complanatum</em>. These findings highlight the potential of plant-derived nanoemulsions as sustainable alternatives for parasite control in aquaculture, offering targeted, species-specific efficacy while minimizing ecological risks and reducing reliance on synthetic chemotherapeutants. The integration of such green nanotechnological approaches represents a promising strategy for effective disease management and the advancement of sustainable aquaculture practices. These results<!--> <!-->highlight the date seed and licorice-based nanoemulsions as promising in vitro antiparasitic candidates which justify further in vivo confirmation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145967037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of targeted selective treatment on performance, nematode faecal egg counts and anthelmintic use in sheep: A meta-analysis","authors":"Adam D. Hayward,&nbsp;Fiona Kenyon","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections of ruminant livestock have traditionally been controlled through regular, “suppressive”, treatment with anthelmintic drugs, but this has resulted in the evolution of anthelmintic resistance and reduced efficacy. There is now a critical need to reduce anthelmintic use to maintain anthelmintic efficacy by creating refugia where susceptible GIN reside. Targeted selective treatment (TST) strategies only treat animals that need it, ensuring animals affected by GIN maintain their performance, while animals unaffected by GIN are not treated unnecessarily. TST is generally agreed to reduce anthelmintic use without drastically reducing animal performance or increasing GIN faecal egg count (FEC), but there is considerable variation in results reported by studies comparing TST with other strategies. To explore the effectiveness of TST and identify factors affecting previous results, we applied meta-analysis to data collected from 20 studies comparing TST to other strategies. Overall, TST was associated with a statistically significant, but small, reduction in animal performance, no effect on worm FEC, and 50 % lower anthelmintic use. Experimental design affected study outcome: basing treatment decisions on body condition scores resulted in less favourable outcomes compared to other methods. Meanwhile, TST was associated with negligible reductions in performance compared to “suppressive” treatment, and although FEC was increased slightly in the TST group, anthelmintic use was reduced by around two-thirds. Differences between TST and “strategic” treatments were smaller, but TST still reduced anthelmintic use by 25 %. Overall, the results support the use of TST to reduce anthelmintic use while maintaining efficacy and animal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic anticoccidial effects of pomegranate peel extract and probiotics against Eimeria tenella via mitigating inflammation and restoring gut microbiota","authors":"Weimei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Yi ,&nbsp;Yu Han ,&nbsp;Ping Feng ,&nbsp;Ruonan Bo ,&nbsp;Mingjiang Liu ,&nbsp;Jingui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eimeria tenella</em> (<em>E. tenella</em>)<em>,</em> a pathogenic protozoan parasite, poses a significant threat to the global poultry industry due to its severe impact on intestinal health and growth performance. Given the limitations of conventional anticoccidial drugs, such as the development of drug resistance and chemical residues, it is imperative to explore natural alternative strategies for effective control. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic anti-coccidial effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and Bacillus subtilis (BS). PPE exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, whereas BS, contributes to maintaining intestinal microbial balance. Broiler chickens were challenged with <em>E. tenella</em> and treated with 400 mg/kg PPE in feed and 400 mg/L BS in drinking water, using diclazuril (DIC) as a positive control. The results demonstrated that the PPE+BS combination significantly alleviated cecal lesions, reduced oocyst it mainly parasitizes on the mucosa of the cecum output and mortality, lowered organ indices, suppressed inflammatory responses, and restored body weight gain. The anti-coccidial index (ACI) reached 163, indicating moderate efficacy. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that PPE+BS restored microbial homeostasis by increasing the abundance of Firmicutes, reducing <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em>, and restoring Micrococcus to levels comparable to uninfected controls. To further explore the potential of the intestinal probiotics, <em>Lactobacillus salivarius</em> (LS) and <em>Lactobacillus curvatus</em> (LC), isolated and identified from chicken feces, achieved comparable anti-coccidial efficacy when combined with PPE, confirming the role of specific probiotics in the observed synergy. In conclusion, the combination of PPE and BS represents an effective and sustainable strategy for controlling avian coccidiosis, primarily through modulation of the gut microbiota and enrichment of beneficial probiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145967044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasciola gigantica: Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of tegumental secretory activity and extracellular vesicle formation in juvenile flukes migrating in mouse liver","authors":"R.E.B. Hanna ,&nbsp;G.P. Brennan ,&nbsp;M.W. Robinson ,&nbsp;P.-E. Kajugu ,&nbsp;J.M. Quinn ,&nbsp;C.E. Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fasciola gigantica</em>, the predominant cause of fasciolosis in tropical regions, is a major cause of economic loss to the global farming community and is also recognised as a significant human pathogen. The surface tegument of the fluke, situated as it is at the host-parasite interface, is a metabolically active and highly dynamic secretory organ mainly concerned with ensuring the survival of the parasite in a hostile immunological and physiochemical environment. The period of migration of the juvenile fluke through the hepatic parenchyma of the host is critical in establishing a mutually sustainable host-parasite relationship, but due to technical difficulties has been inadequately investigated. Here, the tegument of migrating juvenile <em>F. gigantica</em> collected from the hepatic parenchyma of experimentally infected mice 4 and 7 weeks after infection was examined by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by cytochemistry using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazine-osmium (PATCO) and Ruthenium Red methods. T1 secretory bodies in the surface syncytium maintain the surface glycocalyx by exocytosis in response to sloughing of immunocomplex as the fluke encounters the effectors of host immunity. Their bounding plasma membranes engender a superficial zone of microvilli which appear to give rise to detached tubules and extracellular vesicles. These may have a role in host-parasite communication and immunomodulation. T2 secretory bodies in the tegument contain stable glycoprotein, and their main contribution may be to preadapt the apical surface for changes in the physicochemical environment when the fluke enters the bile ducts. A novel type of tegumental cell, termed T3, has been described in the sub-syncytial zone. T3 secretory bodies may contribute to the syncytial proteome or spine formation in the growing juvenile flukes. The surface secretory activity in migrating juvenile flukes may offer a battery of stage-specific soluble and membrane-associated molecular products with potential for therapeutic exploitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Theileria equi activity of methanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia: In vitro efficacy, in vivo safety, and identification of lead molecules","authors":"Kapil Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Lalita Singh ,&nbsp;N. Saxena ,&nbsp;S. Dey ,&nbsp;Rajender Kumar ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease that affects horses and is caused by <em>Theileria equi</em> and <em>Babesia caballi</em>. Currently, imidocarb dipropionate is the primary treatment for <em>T. equi</em> infections; however, its application is limited by its potential systemic toxicity. <em>Artemisia annua</em> is widely recognised for its antimalarial properties, whereas <em>Artemisia scoparia</em> has traditionally been used for various medicinal purposes. However, the therapeutic potential of <em>A. scoparia</em> against theileriosis in animals remains largely unknown. Activity-guided fractionation of a methanolic extract of <em>A. scoparia</em> (ASME) identified the methanolic fraction (MF-ASME) as the most active against <em>T. equi</em> in vitro (IC₅₀: 52.67 µg/mL). MF-ASME exhibited low cytotoxicity in horse PBMCs (CC₅₀: 238.2 µg/mL), resulting in a favourable selectivity index of 4.52. Organ toxicity assessment in a mouse model confirmed the safety of MF-ASME at the safety dose (SD: 250 mg/kg). Biomarker analysis confirmed its safety, with no significant adverse effects on organ function. HPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses identified 17 bioactive compounds in MF-ASME, with artemisinin, artemether, and dihydroartemisinin as the primary antimalarial agents. These results support the potential of MF-ASME for further therapeutic development against equine theileriosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing Eimeria stiedai HSP70 proteins exhibited a promising efficacy against rabbit coccidiosis","authors":"Chaofan Li ,&nbsp;Chuanmin Li ,&nbsp;Yahuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Liu,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Hongyu Wang,&nbsp;Pengtao Gong,&nbsp;Nan Zhang,&nbsp;He Li,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Jianhua Li,&nbsp;Xiaocen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eimeria stiedai</em> is a critical protozoan that colonizes in rabbit hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, causing severe hepatic coccidiosis and substantial economic loss in the rabbit industry. However, there are no effective vaccines against <em>E. stiedai</em> infection. In this study, the recombinant <em>E. stiedai</em> heat shock protein 70 (r<em>Es</em>HSP70) was produced via a prokaryotic expression system, and its polyclonal antibody was prepared. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that <em>Es</em>HSP70 localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and enriched around the nucleus of sporozoites, while in merozoites it was distributed in the cytoplasm, displaying a peripheral and apical distribution pattern. Functional blocking assays demonstrated that anti-<em>Es</em>HSP70 polyclonal antibody significantly inhibited sporozoites invasion in primary rabbit hepatocytes, suggesting a potential role for <em>Es</em>HSP70 in this process. Furthermore, a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9-ZsGreen1 expressing <em>Es</em>HSP70 (rAAV-ZsGreen1-<em>Es</em>HSP70) was successfully packaged and purified. The recombinant virus particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as 20 nm hexagonal structures, with a titer exceeding 1.0 × 10¹³ vg/mL. The recombinant viruses could infect 293 T cells and express EsHSP70 proteins. Immunization with recombinant rAAV-ZsGreen1-EsHSP70 significantly elevated the levels of specific IgG antibody, IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ, with reduced oocyst shedding by 69.8 %, alleviated liver lesion, resulting in an anticoccidial index (ACI) of 169.48. In conclusion, these results indicated that rAAV-ZsGreen1-<em>Es</em>HSP70 conferred a promising protective efficacy against <em>E. stiedai</em> infection, thereby providing valuable insights for the development of rabbit coccidiosis vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 110692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of mycochemical composition and in vitro sporulation inhibition activities of selected Nigerian indigenous mushrooms against Eimeria oocysts","authors":"Toma Buba ,&nbsp;Aliyu Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Veronica Agbo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was on comparative sporulation inhibition activities of five mushroom species (<em>Ganoderma resinaceum</em>, <em>G. lucidum</em>, <em>Trametes elegans</em>, <em>T. gibbosa</em>, and <em>Pisolithus arhizus</em>) extracts by different solvents against three <em>Eimeria</em> species (<em>Eimeria acervulina</em>, <em>E. maxima</em>, and <em>E. tenella</em>) at different concentrations (25–75 mg/ml) and incubation periods (24 h and 48 h). The results demonstrate substantial interspecific and solvent-, concentration-, and time-dependent variation in anticoccidial efficacy. Among the five mushroom species tested, <em>P. arhizus</em> emerged as the most potent inhibitor of <em>Eimeria</em> oocyst sporulation, achieving complete inhibition at relatively low concentrations, with values ranging from 74 % to 100 across all <em>Eimeria</em> species and solvent extracts. This indicates an exceptionally potent anticoccidial effect of the <em>P. arhizus</em> extract. <em>T. elegans</em> and <em>G. lucidum</em> exhibited intermediate activity, while <em>G. resinaceum</em> and <em>T. gibbosa</em> were less effective. Even at 25 mg·ml⁻¹ , <em>P. arhizus</em> ethanol extracts suppressed ≥ 80 % of sporulation in all three <em>Eimeria</em> species. These levels exceed the maximal inhibition seen with <em>T. elegans</em> (84 % in ethanol, 75 mg·ml⁻¹, <em>E. tenella</em>) and <em>G. lucidum</em> (63 %). The more modest suppression by <em>G. resinaceum</em> (peak at 46 %) and <em>T. gibbosa</em> (peak at 34 %) suggests comparatively lower content or accessibility of active metabolites. A clear dose-dependent pattern was observed across all species and solvents, with sporulation inhibition increasing significantly (p &lt; 0.05) with concentration. Temporal analysis revealed that inhibition at 48 h was either comparable or slightly reduced compared to 24 h in some extracts, suggesting partial degradation or reduced bioavailability of active compounds over time. Organic solvent extracts consistently outperformed aqueous extracts across all fungal species. Ethanol and methanol yielded the highest sporulation inhibition percentages, followed by ethyl acetate and water. The main secondary compounds obtained from the ethanol solvent are polar, such as phenolic compounds. Terpenes are mid-polar metabolites that are obtained from ethyl acetate. Across all treatments, <em>E. tenella</em> showed the highest susceptibility to the extracts, followed by <em>E. maxima</em> and <em>E. acervulina</em>. Findings of this study establish <em>P. arhizus</em> as a promising candidate for developing novel, natural anticoccidial agents. These findings necessitate further quantitative analysis to isolate and identify the specific compounds responsible for the observed efficacy spectrum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 110682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}