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Domestication of water: Management of water resources in the dry zone of Sri Lanka as living cultural heritage 水的驯化:斯里兰卡干旱地区作为活文化遗产的水资源管理
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1642
Wiebke Bebermeier, N. Abeywardana, Maija Susarina, B. Schütt
In the dry zone of Sri Lanka, human‐made reservoirs (locally called tanks or wewas) have served for the collection, storage and distribution of rainfall and runoff and provided irrigation water for the cultivation of paddy for 2400 years. This water management system is deeply inscribed in the rural communities utilizing and maintaining it. Local knowledge connected to the utilization of this system is regarded as a substantial part of the intangible cultural heritage of this unique cultural landscape. In the dry zone of Sri Lanka this system had spread from the fifth century BCE onwards from the hinterland of the ancient capital Anuradhapura throughout the entire dry zone and provides a prerequisite for paddy cultivation. From approximately the 13th century onwards, written sources give evidence, that a weakening of state bureaucracy led to a decline of the water management system. In the Colonial period, numerous reservoirs were restored and the implementation of new governance structures lead to a diminishing of water supplies and conflicts at a local level. In post‐Colonial times, since the 1950s, the system had undergone rapid changes triggered by governmental and economic developments (e.g., land use change, migration). The rich local knowledge, serves in line with a high degree of adaptation to local conditions, as a corner stone for its resilience. A future sustainable management requires the integration of local knowledge in combination with modern techniques in education, planning, and application.
在斯里兰卡的干旱地区,人类建造的水库(当地称为水箱或wewas)用于收集、储存和分配降雨和径流,并为水稻种植提供灌溉用水,已有2400年的历史。这种水管理系统深深刻在了利用和维护它的农村社区中。与该系统的利用相关的当地知识被视为这一独特文化景观的非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分。在斯里兰卡的干旱地区,这个系统从公元前5世纪开始从古都阿努拉德普勒的腹地传播到整个干旱地区,为水稻种植提供了先决条件。大约从13世纪开始,书面资料提供了证据,表明国家官僚机构的削弱导致了水管理系统的衰落。在殖民时期,许多水库得到了修复,新的治理结构的实施导致了供水的减少和地方一级的冲突。在后殖民时代,自20世纪50年代以来,由于政府和经济发展(如土地利用变化、移民),该系统经历了快速变化。丰富的地方知识与对当地条件的高度适应是其复原力的基石。未来的可持续管理需要将当地知识与教育、规划和应用方面的现代技术相结合。
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引用次数: 0
Critical review of household water treatment in Southeast Asian countries 东南亚国家家庭用水处理的重要回顾
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1640
Dora Lawrencia, Geetha Maniam, L. Chuah, P. E. Poh
Worldwide, an average gap of 32% was observed between urban and rural populations in terms of access to safe drinking water. Worryingly, 50% of the Southeast Asia population resides in rural areas, making the region highly vulnerable to threats from not having access to safe drinking water. The sparse population density and infrastructural complexities in rural areas have made centralized water treatment systems very challenging in terms of implementation and significantly increased cost. Hence, adopting a household water treatment (HWT) system would be a more suitable co‐existing water provision solution. However, data on the sustainability of HWT in Southeast Asia is still lacking. Therefore, this review aims to provide a critical overview of water poverty and current HWT implemented in Southeast Asian countries. The factors associated with feasibility and potentially sustained implementation of the HWT in Southeast Asian countries covering user preferences, user perception towards water safety, education and training, economic feasibility, collaborations, and supportive policy environment were also discussed. In a nutshell, there is a need for co‐designing the HWT with the targeted community before its implementation for better sustainability.
在世界范围内,城市和农村人口在获得安全饮用水方面的平均差距为32%。令人担忧的是,东南亚50%的人口居住在农村地区,使该地区极易受到无法获得安全饮用水的威胁。农村地区人口密度稀少,基础设施复杂,这使得集中式水处理系统在实施方面非常具有挑战性,成本也大大增加。因此,采用家庭水处理(HWT)系统将是一个更合适的共存供水解决方案。然而,关于东南亚地区HWT可持续性的数据仍然缺乏。因此,本综述旨在对东南亚国家目前实施的水贫困和HWT提供一个批判性的概述。本文还讨论了与东南亚国家实施HWT的可行性和潜在持续性相关的因素,包括用户偏好、用户对水安全的看法、教育和培训、经济可行性、合作和支持性政策环境。简而言之,在实施高铁之前,有必要与目标社区共同设计高铁,以实现更好的可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
People need freshwater biodiversity 人类需要淡水生物多样性
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1633
A. Lynch, S. Cooke, A. Arthington, C. Baigún, L. Bossenbroek, C. Dickens, I. Harrison, I. Kimirei, S. Langhans, K. Murchie, J. Olden, S. Ormerod, M. Owuor, R. Raghavan, M. Samways, R. Schinegger, Subodh Sharma, R. Tachamo-Shah, D. Tickner, D. Tweddle, N. Young, S. Jähnig
Freshwater biodiversity, from fish to frogs and microbes to macrophytes, provides a vast array of services to people. Mounting concerns focus on the accelerating pace of biodiversity loss and declining ecological function within freshwater ecosystems that continue to threaten these natural benefits. Here, we catalog nine fundamental ecosystem services that the biotic components of indigenous freshwater biodiversity provide to people, organized into three categories: material (food; health and genetic resources; material goods), non‐material (culture; education and science; recreation), and regulating (catchment integrity; climate regulation; water purification and nutrient cycling). If freshwater biodiversity is protected, conserved, and restored in an integrated manner, as well as more broadly appreciated by humanity, it will continue to contribute to human well‐being and our sustainable future via this wide range of services and associated nature‐based solutions to our sustainable future.
淡水生物多样性,从鱼类到青蛙,从微生物到大型植物,为人类提供了大量的服务。越来越多的关注集中在生物多样性丧失的加速和淡水生态系统内生态功能的下降,这些继续威胁着这些自然利益。在这里,我们将本地淡水生物多样性的生物成分为人类提供的九种基本生态系统服务分为三类:物质(食物;卫生和遗传资源;物质产品),非物质(文化;教育和科学;娱乐)和调节(集水区完整性;气候调节;水净化和养分循环)。如果淡水生物多样性得到综合保护、养护和恢复,并得到人类更广泛的重视,它将通过广泛的服务和相关的基于自然的解决方案,继续为人类福祉和我们的可持续未来做出贡献。
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引用次数: 11
Evaporation processes in the Silala River basin 希拉拉河流域的蒸发过程
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1638
F. Suárez, Tomás Oportus, Magdalena L. Mendoza, I. Aguirre, V. Godoy, J. Muñoz
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引用次数: 6
Investigating river–aquifer interactions using heat as a tracer in the Silala river transboundary basin 利用热作为示踪剂在西拉拉河跨界流域研究河流与含水层的相互作用
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1639
F. Suárez, Victoria Sandoval, A. Sarabia, J. Muñoz
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引用次数: 7
Natural flood management: Opportunities to implement nature‐based solutions on privately owned land 自然洪水管理:在私有土地上实施基于自然的解决方案的机会
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1637
T. Thaler, P. Hudson, C. Viavattene, C. Green
The implementation of Natural Flood Management (NFM), as an example of a nature‐based solution (NbS), is promoted as a risk reduction strategy to support sustainable flood risk management and climate change adaptation more widely. Additionally, as an NbS, NFM aims to provide further multiple benefits, such as increased biodiversity and improved water quality as well as improved mental health. The implementation of NbS often needs private‐owned or managed land, yet can create conflicts between the different stakeholders which can undermine the social consensus required for successful implementation. Consequently, a main question is how the multiple benefits and requirements of NFM can be delivered to meet the different goals of the wide variety of stakeholders who must be involved. This article discusses the challenges and potential of implementing NFM as an alternative to the traditional technical mitigation measures in flood risk management. We outline four opportunities in the implementation of NFM: physical conditions of the catchment, social interaction, financial resources, and institutional setting. Their importance is then demonstrated and compared to different examples across the globe. Nevertheless, the core drivers reflect the social interaction and institutional setting and the role of stakeholders in the successful implementation of NFM.
作为基于自然的解决方案(NbS)的一个例子,自然洪水管理(NFM)的实施被推广为一种降低风险的战略,以支持更广泛的可持续洪水风险管理和气候变化适应。此外,作为一个国家统计局,NFM旨在提供进一步的多重好处,如增加生物多样性和改善水质,以及改善心理健康。国家统计局的实施通常需要私人拥有或管理的土地,但可能会在不同利益相关者之间产生冲突,从而破坏成功实施所需的社会共识。因此,一个主要的问题是如何将NFM的多种好处和需求交付给必须参与其中的各种利益相关者,以满足他们的不同目标。本文讨论了将NFM作为洪水风险管理中传统技术缓解措施的替代方案所面临的挑战和潜力。我们概述了实施NFM的四个机会:流域的物理条件、社会互动、财政资源和制度设置。然后展示它们的重要性,并与全球不同的例子进行比较。然而,核心驱动因素反映了社会互动和制度环境以及利益相关者在NFM成功实施中的作用。
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引用次数: 4
Mitigating floods and attenuating surface runoff with temporary storage areas in headwaters 在源头建立临时蓄水区,减轻洪水和减少地表径流
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1634
Martyn T. Roberts, J. Geris, P. Hallett, M. Wilkinson
Temporary storage areas (TSAs) represent a category of soft‐engineered nature‐based solutions that can provide dispersed, small‐scale storage throughout a catchment. TSAs store and attenuate surface runoff, providing new additional storage during flood events. The need for such additional catchment storage will become more urgent as the frequency and magnitude of extreme hydrological events increases due to climate change. Implementation of TSAs in headwater catchments is slowly gaining momentum, but practitioners still require further evidence on how such measures function during flood events. This review focuses on the role of relatively small‐scale (<10,000 m3) TSAs in headwater catchments for flood risk management. It also explores the potential wider benefits for implementing these as part of an integrated catchment management approach. TSA flood mitigation effectiveness is primarily determined by the TSA's available storage prior to the event. At the local scale, this can be represented by the relationship between TSA inputs, outputs and total storage. Factors influencing the local functioning and effectiveness of TSAs are discussed, with potential considerations for optimizing future TSA design and management. Hydrological models have suggested that TSAs could be used to effectively attenuate high magnitude events. However, future considerations should involve addressing the lack of empirical evidence showing TSA catchment scale effectiveness and how local TSA functioning might change in time. Small‐scale headwater TSAs offer a holistic and sustainable approach to catchment management that can deliver both local benefits to landowners and wider flood risk mitigation for society.
临时存储区域(tsa)代表了一类基于自然的软工程解决方案,可以在整个集水区提供分散的小规模存储。tsa储存和减弱地表径流,在洪水事件期间提供新的额外储存。随着气候变化导致极端水文事件的频率和规模增加,对这种额外集水区储存的需求将变得更加迫切。在水源集水区实施tsa的势头正在慢慢增强,但从业者仍然需要进一步的证据来证明这些措施在洪水事件中如何发挥作用。这篇综述的重点是相对小规模(<10,000 m3)的tsa在水源集水区洪水风险管理中的作用。它还探讨了作为综合集水区管理方法的一部分实施这些措施可能带来的更广泛的好处。TSA缓解洪水的有效性主要取决于TSA在事件发生前的可用存储。在局部尺度上,这可以用TSA输入、输出和总存储之间的关系来表示。讨论了影响TSA局部功能和有效性的因素,以及优化未来TSA设计和管理的潜在考虑因素。水文模型表明,tsa可用于有效地减弱高震级事件。然而,未来的考虑应该包括解决缺乏经验证据表明TSA流域规模有效性以及当地TSA功能如何随时间变化的问题。小规模的水源tsa为集水区管理提供了一种全面和可持续的方法,既可以为土地所有者带来当地利益,也可以为社会减轻更广泛的洪水风险。
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引用次数: 1
Correction to Examining water and gender narratives and realities 修正检视水与性别的叙述与现实
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1636
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引用次数: 0
Smart management of combined sewer overflows: From an ancient technology to artificial intelligence 合流溢流智能管理:从古老技术到人工智能
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1635
M. M. Saddiqi, Wanqing Zhao, Sarah Cotterill, R. Dereli
Sewer systems are an essential part of sanitation infrastructure for protecting human and ecosystem health. Initially, they were used to solely convey stormwater, but over time municipal sewage was discharged to these conduits and transformed them into combined sewer systems (CSS). Due to climate change and rapid urbanization, these systems are no longer sufficient and overflow in wet weather conditions. Mechanistic and data‐driven models have been frequently used in research on combined sewer overflow (CSO) management integrating low‐impact development and gray‐green infrastructures. Recent advances in measurement, communication, and computation technologies have simplified data collection methods. As a result, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), geographic information system, and remote sensing can be integrated into CSO and stormwater management as a part of the smart city and digital twin concepts to build climate‐resilient infrastructures and services. Therefore, smart management of CSS is now both technically and economically feasible to tackle the challenges ahead. This review article explores CSO characteristics and associated impact on receiving waterbodies, evaluates suitable models for CSO management, and presents studies including above‐mentioned technologies in the context of smart CSO and stormwater management. Although integration of all these technologies has a big potential, further research is required to achieve AI‐controlled CSS for robust and agile CSO mitigation.
下水道系统是保护人类和生态系统健康的卫生基础设施的重要组成部分。最初,它们仅用于输送雨水,但随着时间的推移,城市污水被排放到这些管道中,并将它们转化为联合下水道系统(CSS)。由于气候变化和快速城市化,这些系统不再足够,在潮湿天气条件下会溢出。机械模型和数据驱动模型已被广泛应用于低影响开发与灰绿色基础设施相结合的下水道溢流管理研究中。测量、通信和计算技术的最新进展简化了数据收集方法。因此,人工智能(AI)、地理信息系统和遥感等技术可以作为智慧城市和数字孪生概念的一部分,整合到公民社会组织和雨水管理中,以建设适应气候变化的基础设施和服务。因此,CSS的智能管理现在在技术上和经济上都是可行的,可以应对未来的挑战。这篇综述文章探讨了公民社会组织的特征及其对接收水体的相关影响,评估了公民社会组织管理的合适模式,并在智能公民社会组织和雨水管理的背景下介绍了包括上述技术在内的研究。尽管所有这些技术的集成具有很大的潜力,但需要进一步的研究来实现人工智能控制的CSS,以实现稳健和敏捷的CSO缓解。
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引用次数: 4
Streambed migration frequency drives ecology and biogeochemistry across spatial scales 河床迁移频率在空间尺度上驱动生态和生物地球化学
IF 8.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1632
Ute Risse‐Buhl, S. Arnon, E. Bar‐Zeev, Anna Oprei, A. Packman, Ignacio Peralta-Maraver, A. Robertson, Y. Teitelbaum, M. Mutz
The bed of fluvial ecosystems plays a major role in global biogeochemical cycles. All fluvial sediments migrate and although responses of aquatic organisms to such movements have been recorded there is no theoretical framework on how the frequency of sediment movement affects streambed ecology and biogeochemistry. We here developed a theoretical framework describing how the moving‐resting frequencies of fine‐grained sediments constrain streambed communities across spatial scales. Specifically, we suggest that the most drastic impact on benthic and hyporheic communities will exist when ecological and biogeochemical processes are at the same temporal scale as the sediment moving‐resting frequency. Moreover, we propose that the simultaneous occurrence of streambed patches differing in morphodynamics should be considered as an important driver of metacommunity dynamics. We surmise that the frequency of patch transition will add new dimensions to the understanding of biogeochemical cycling and metacommunities from micro‐habitat to segment scales. This theoretical framework is important for fluvial ecosystems with frequent sediment movement, yet it could be applied to any other dynamic habitat.
河流生态系统的河床在全球生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。所有的河流沉积物都会迁移,尽管水生生物对这种移动的反应已被记录下来,但关于沉积物移动的频率如何影响河床生态和生物地球化学,尚无理论框架。我们在此开发了一个理论框架,描述了细粒沉积物的移动-静止频率如何在空间尺度上约束河床群落。具体而言,我们认为当生态和生物地球化学过程与沉积物移动-静止频率处于相同的时间尺度时,对底栖生物和潜栖生物群落的影响最为剧烈。此外,我们提出,在形态动力学上不同的河床斑块的同时出现应被视为元群落动力学的重要驱动因素。我们推测,斑块转换的频率将为从微生境到片段尺度的生物地球化学循环和元群落的理解提供新的维度。这一理论框架对于泥沙运动频繁的河流生态系统很重要,但它也可以应用于任何其他动态栖息地。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water
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