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Parentheticals in spoken Indian and Sri Lankan English 印度和斯里兰卡英语口语中的括号
IF 1.6 2区 文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12696
Julia Degenhardt
While an increasing number of studies into the pragmatics of world Englishes indicate that sociobiographic factors—such as the speakers’ age or gender—influence pragmatic choices, most empirical investigations do not include sociobiographic information beyond said speaker characteristics. This study investigates parenthetical I assume/believe/feel/ guess/suppose/think in the spoken parts of the Indian and Sri Lankan English components of the International Corpus of English to answer the question of to what extent parenthetical function, that is, expressing either the speaker's opinion or insufficient knowledge, is influenced by structural, contextual and sociobiographic factors. Based on 1265 parentheticals, the results of multifactorial statistical analyses indicate that the speakers’ educational background and additional languages spoken at home are important predictors for the choice of parenthetical function. Therefore, the study calls for the inclusion of wide‐ranging sociobiographic factors (and combinations thereof) in the description of pragmatic speaker choices in world Englishes.
尽管越来越多的世界英语语用学研究表明,社会传记因素(如说话人的年龄或性别)会影响语用选择,但大多数实证调查并不包括上述说话人特征之外的社会传记信息。本研究调查了《国际英语语料库》中印度英语和斯里兰卡英语部分口语中的括号 I assume/believe/feel/guess/suppose/think ,以回答括号功能(即表达说话人的观点或知识不足)在多大程度上受结构、语境和社会传记因素的影响。基于 1265 个括号,多因素统计分析结果表明,说话人的教育背景和家庭中使用的其他语言是选择括号功能的重要预测因素。因此,本研究呼吁在描述世界英语中说话人的语用选择时,应纳入广泛的社会传记因素(以及这些因素的组合)。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating rhoticity in Scottish Standard English with sociolinguistic interviews and corpus data 利用社会语言学访谈和语料库数据调查苏格兰标准英语中的韵母性
IF 1.6 2区 文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12689
Ole Schützler
This paper approaches variable rhoticity in Scottish Standard English (SSE) from a methodological, data‐oriented perspective. The main focus is on how to integrate within a single sociolinguistic framework data that have been elicited under different conditions (sociolinguistic interviews vs. corpus data) and may therefore be incompatible when we take a relatively simplistic approach to stylistic variation. The article first models variation in such an unbalanced ‘patchwork’ dataset in a holistic, unified analysis and then proceeds to deconstruct the results by taking a closer look at the behaviour of the two main components of the data. While previously reported trends in the development of coda‐/r/ in SSE accents are confirmed, it is also shown that, depending on the precise nature of registers (or genres), productions may be considerably more diverse and may go beyond a simple projection of middle‐class identities. The integration of different styles in a single interpretive framework is challenging and far from straightforward.
本文从方法论和数据导向的角度探讨了苏格兰标准英语(SSE)中的可变韵律。主要重点是如何在一个单一的社会语言学框架内整合在不同条件下获得的数据(社会语言学访谈与语料库数据),因此,当我们对文体变异采取相对简单化的方法时,这些数据可能是不相容的。文章首先对这种不平衡的 "拼凑 "数据集的变异进行了整体、统一的分析建模,然后通过对数据的两个主要组成部分的行为进行仔细研究,对结果进行解构。虽然之前报道的上层社会口音中 coda-/r/ 的发展趋向得到了证实,但同时也表明,根据音域(或流派)的确切性质,产品可能会更加多样化,并可能超越中产阶级身份的简单投射。将不同风格整合到一个单一的解释框架中具有挑战性,而且远非一蹴而就。
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引用次数: 0
Lexical variation of woods and bush in Ontario English 安大略英语中树林和灌木丛的词汇变化
IF 1.6 2区 文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12704
Sali A. Tagliamonte, Bridget L. Jankowski
This paper examines ongoing lexical variability among words that describe areas with trees, such as woods, bush and forest, among others. The historical perspective shows ongoing semantic evolution of these terms, from wood(s) (c.825) to the emergence of bush in the late 16th century or early 17th century. We assess regional, social and linguistic patterns of variation in 1849 tokens, from individuals born in the late 1800s to early 200s across 21 communities in Ontario, Canada. The most common word is bush; use of woods is moderate while forest is rare. Ancestry and migration play key roles in their distribution, demonstrating that ancestral roots, migration and language contact play into the selection of a word. We argue that lexical variation, when analysed in a comparative sociolinguistic perspective in the context of social typology, history and geographic location, offers important insights into language use and human behaviour.
本文研究了描述有树木的地区的词汇(如树林、灌木丛和森林等)之间持续存在的词汇变异。从历史的角度来看,这些词语的语义不断演变,从 wood(s)(约 825 年)到 16 世纪末或 17 世纪初出现的 bush(灌木丛)。我们对加拿大安大略省 21 个社区 1800 年代末至 200 年代初出生的 1849 个代币中的地区、社会和语言变异模式进行了评估。最常见的词是灌木丛;树林的使用适中,而森林则很少见。祖先和迁徙在词的分布中起着关键作用,这表明祖先的根源、迁徙和语言接触在词的选择中起着重要作用。我们认为,从社会类型学、历史和地理位置的角度,从比较社会语言学的角度来分析词汇变异,可以为语言使用和人类行为提供重要的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Social network effects on particle variation among Singapore students 社会网络对新加坡学生微粒变化的影响
IF 1.6 2区 文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12688
Werner Botha, Tobias Bernaisch
We situate our study of Singapore English particles in the context of social network theory and language variation in order to gain access to Singapore students’ most natural language use (that is, their vernacular, in the Labovian sense), and consider aspects of social as well as stylistic variation. We provide the results of a study on the ego‐centric social networks of Chinese and Malay students and consider the network effects of social network zones as important in the social and stylistic variability of discourse particle use in these social networks. We argue that variation in the use of discourse particles is multifaceted and cannot be simply explained in terms of so‐called social constraints such as ethnicity, or gender, but rather as a combination of social variables that are fluid, and which reveal insights into the changing language situation of Singapore society at large.
我们将对新加坡英语微粒的研究置于社会网络理论和语言变异的背景下,以获得新加坡学生最自然的语言使用(即拉波夫意义上的白话),并考虑社会和文体变异的各个方面。我们提供了对华裔和马来裔学生以自我为中心的社交网络的研究结果,并认为社交网络区域的网络效应对这些社交网络中话语微粒使用的社会性和文体变异非常重要。我们认为,语篇微粒使用的变异是多方面的,不能简单地用所谓的社会制约因素(如种族或性别)来解释,而应将其视为各种社会变量的组合,这些变量是流动的,它们揭示了整个新加坡社会不断变化的语言状况。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a model of world Englishes and multilingual variation 建立世界英语和多语言变异模型
IF 1.6 2区 文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12690
Rajend Mesthrie
Drawing on research on multilingualism in South Africa and India, this paper attempts to integrate world Englishes studies and variationist sociolinguistics; in other words, to fill in a missing dialogue between Braj Kachru and William Labov. The classic studies of variationism have been undertaken in large western centres in which the hegemony of one language is largely accepted. In the postcolonial world elsewhere, language functions and statuses are apportioned differently. This paper therefore probes the extent to which mainstream variationism is applicable outside the western milieu that it has so powerfully illuminated. This paper will outline how P languages (carrying overt prestige and power) interact with S languages (for solidarity and community interaction) within multilingual repertoires in post‐colonial contexts. The paper also explores the extent to which S and P codes interact under contact and switching in ‘third space’ moments that best capture the post‐colonial habitus among educated bilingual speakers.
本文以南非和印度的多语言研究为基础,试图将世界英语研究与变异社会语言学结合起来;换言之,填补 Braj Kachru 与 William Labov 之间的对话空白。变异论的经典研究都是在西方大型中心进行的,在这些中心,一种语言的霸权地位在很大程度上被接受。而在后殖民世界的其他地方,语言功能和地位的分配则有所不同。因此,本文将探讨主流变异论在西方环境之外的适用程度。本文将概述在后殖民背景下,P 语言(具有公开的声望和权力)如何与 S 语言(用于团结和社区互动)在多语言语汇中相互作用。本文还将探讨在 "第三空间 "时刻,S 语言和 P 语言在接触和转换中的互动程度,这最能体现受过教育的双语使用者的后殖民习性。
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引用次数: 0
General extenders in New Zealand Englishes 新西兰英语中的一般扩展词
IF 1.6 2区 文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12698
Alexander Onysko, Marta Degani
This paper provides insight into the use of general extenders (e.g., and stuff, or something and and whatnot) in New Zealand Englishes as spoken by Māori and New Zealand European (Pākehā) New Zealanders. Based on audio‐recorded data of prompted co‐constructed narrations, the article explores the types of general extenders and their rate of occurrence in both groups. Contrary to expectations, the group of Pākehā New Zealanders shows a significantly higher rate of using general extenders compared to the Māori participants while the preferred types of general extenders overlap to a large extent among the two speaker groups. A close‐up on the by far most widely spread general extender in both groups (and stuff) unveils interesting patterns of variation across the Māori and Pākehā New Zealanders.
本文深入探讨了新西兰毛利人和新西兰欧裔人(Pākehā)所说的新西兰英语中一般扩展词(如and stuff,或something and whatnot)的使用情况。文章根据共同建构叙述的录音数据,探讨了两个群体中一般扩展词的类型及其出现率。与预期相反,与毛利人相比,新西兰帕卡人群体使用一般扩展词的比例要高得多,而两个说话群体所偏好的一般扩展词类型在很大程度上是重叠的。对这两个群体中迄今为止使用最广泛的一般扩展词(和内容)的特写,揭示了毛利人和新西兰帕卡人之间有趣的变化模式。
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引用次数: 0
Exploration of the mandative subjunctive in Pakistani English 探索巴基斯坦英语中的命令副词
IF 0.8 2区 文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12697
Karola Schmidt, Nina Funke
The study at hand explores the alternation between the mandative subjunctive and its equivalent construction with the modal verb should in Pakistani English. The study enhances understanding of the alternation both by focusing on Pakistani English as a relatively under‐researched postcolonial variety of English and by complementing the traditional syntactic variables that influence the choice of subjunctive with a sociolinguistic dimension in the form of the language user's gender. Using data from the SAVE and SAVE2020 corpora, we investigate the following research questions: What factors influence the mandative subjunctive/should alternation, is gender a significant influence on the choice and has the subjunctive choice changed over time? A multifactorial model was fitted on the 504 extracted data points with the following predictors: gender, lexical diversity, linking word, negation, newspaper, primer, range, readability, subject number, subject person, time, trigger lemma, voice and word count. The results show an effect of gender and time in interaction with several other variables. The interactions show significant diachronic adjustments to the constructional preferences of the individual subjunctive triggers and reveals that across these triggers, women are generally more likely to pick the subjunctive over its modal alternant than men.
本研究探讨了巴基斯坦英语中 "manidative subjunctive "和与之相当的情态动词 "should "之间的交替。巴基斯坦英语是后殖民地英语中研究相对较少的一个语种,本研究通过对影响从句选择的传统句法变量与语言使用者性别这一社会语言维度的补充,加深了对这种交替的理解。利用 SAVE 和 SAVE2020 语料库中的数据,我们探讨了以下研究问题:哪些因素会影响强制性从句/应该交替使用,性别对选择是否有重要影响,从句的选择是否随着时间的推移而发生变化?对提取的 504 个数据点进行了多因素模型拟合,预测因素如下:性别、词性多样性、关联词、否定、报纸、引语、范围、可读性、主语数、主语人称、时间、触发词性、语音和字数。结果显示,性别和时间与其他几个变量之间存在交互作用。交互作用表明,个别从句触发词的构词偏好会发生重大的非同步调整,并揭示出在这些触发词中,女性一般比男性更倾向于选择从句而不是其情态交替词。
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引用次数: 0
Future temporal reference in spoken world Englishes 世界英语口语中的未来时间参照
IF 1.6 2区 文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12686
Birgit Bartels, Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
This study investigates how language‐internal constraints regulate the future temporal reference (FTR) alternation across nine varieties of English around the world. We specifically marshal Variation‐Based Distance & Similarity Modeling (VADIS) to calculate distances between the varieties under study as a function of the non‐correspondence of the ways in which language users choose between FTR variants. Our linguistic data come from the spoken component of the International Corpus of English: the dataset covers 500 future marker observations per variety of English (Ntotal = 4500), richly annotated for seven language‐internal constraints (such as polarity and sentence type). VADIS uncovers a number of probabilistic grammar differences between the varieties of English under study, which are subsequently correlated with four language‐external distance measures: geographical distance, travel time distance, population size and GDP per capita. Mantel correlation analysis shows that language‐internal distances do not correlate with language‐external distances.
本研究探讨了语言内部的限制因素如何调节全球九种英语的未来时间参照(FTR)交替。我们特别运用了基于变异的距离与相似性建模(VADIS)来计算所研究的变体之间的距离,作为语言使用者在 FTR 变体之间进行选择的非对应方式的函数。我们的语言数据来自《国际英语语料库》(International Corpus of English)的口语部分:该数据集涵盖了每种英语的 500 个未来标记观测值(Ntotal = 4500),并针对七种语言内部约束(如极性和句子类型)进行了丰富的注释。VADIS 发现了所研究的英语变体之间的一些概率语法差异,这些差异随后与四种语言外部距离度量相关联:地理距离、旅行时间距离、人口规模和人均 GDP。曼特尔相关分析表明,语言内部距离与语言外部距离并不相关。
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引用次数: 0
World Englishes and sociolinguistic variation 世界英语和社会语言变异
IF 1.6 2区 文学 N/A LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12695
Werner Botha, Tobias Bernaisch
This article discusses the connections between world Englishes and sociolinguistic variation. It begins with an overview of the field of sociolinguistic variation, and also highlighting contemporary approaches to world Englishes, with specific reference to the sociolinguistic realities (in the Kachruvian sense) of Outer Circle contexts. The article then proceeds to examine language variation studies with a focus on vernacular language practices and the growing use of corpus approaches. It then presents the contributions to this special issue on world Englishes and sociolinguistic variation, before considering possible future directions for research.
本文讨论了世界英语与社会语言变异之间的联系。文章首先概述了社会语言变异领域,并重点介绍了当代研究世界英语的方法,特别提到了外圈语境中的社会语言现实(卡赫鲁维意义上的)。文章接着探讨了语言变异研究,重点是方言实践和语料库方法的日益广泛应用。然后,文章介绍了本特刊在世界英语和社会语言变异方面的贡献,最后探讨了未来可能的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Linguacultural variations in the domain of FOOD 食品领域的语言文化差异
IF 1.6 2区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/weng.12676
Sami Alhasnawi
As the domain of food is an area wherein the role of the conceptual system as a locus of contact is inevitable, it is argued here for the need for empirical study on the divergent and convergent food and language practices and how they may implicitly or explicitly reflect the sociocultural conceptualizations of the environment in which such linguacultural variations exist. To this end, this article intends to report and reflect on the qualitative textual analysis of selected technologically mediated menus in Iraq. As public culturally written texts that are replete with intersemiotic (or heterolingual) features, menus in this context overall come to implicitly index social groups’ relatively shared cultural cognition as related to the formation processes of their identities and transcultural spaces. This, in turn, textualizes the construction of a transnational discourse to resist any politicized and territorialized spaces of hegemony with respect to nation, language, culture, race and ethnicity in context.
由于在食品领域,概念系统作为接触点的作用是不可避免的,因此本文认为有必要对不同的和趋同的食品和语言实践进行实证研究,以及它们如何或隐或显地反映出存在这种语言文化差异的环境的社会文化概念。为此,本文打算报告并反思对伊拉克部分以技术为媒介的菜单进行的定性文本分析。作为公共文化书写文本,菜单充满了跨语际(或异文)特征,在这种语境下,菜单总体上隐含着社会群体相对共享的文化认知,这与其身份和跨文化空间的形成过程有关。这反过来又将跨国话语的构建文本化,以抵制在民族、语言、文化、种族和族裔方面任何政治化和领土化的霸权空间。
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引用次数: 0
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World Englishes
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