Mohd Saquib Tanweer, Zafar Iqbal, Adil Majeed Rather, Masood Alam
This study evaluates the preparation of novel ternary functional adsorbents based on polyaniline, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and moringa oleifera gum to produce zinc oxide/Moringa oleifera gum-grafted L-methionine-functionalized polyaniline bionanocomposites (ZM-g-Pani) and employed to sequestrate divalent metal ions (Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+) from wastewater samples. The morphological and structural properties of ZM-g-Pani were exploited using FT-IR, FE-SEM/EDS, TEM, and XRD. FT-IR and FE-SEM studies show that the as prepared nanocomposite has an abundant number of reactive groups and a porous structure, thus demonstrating outstanding divalent metal cation removal. FT-IR study confirms that the attachment of L-methionine to polyaniline is facilitated by the C-S linkage. Both TEM and FE-SEM techniques confirmed the clustered granules of ZnO over the surface of polyaniline, which ultimately provided more surface area to adsorb metal ions. The study demonstrated that Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions could undergo physical sorption and chemisorption simultaneously during the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity was 840.33, 497.51, and 497.51 mg/g for Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+, respectively. The impact of co-existing ions, including NO3–, PO43–, SO42–, Cl–, Na+, Cu2+, and Al3+, showed that there were no notable alterations in the adsorption of the selected metal ions with ZM-g-Pani. ZM-g-Pani showed eight successive regeneration cycles for Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ with more than 85% removal efficiency.
{"title":"Zinc Oxide/Moringa Oleifera Gum-Grafted L-Methionine-Functionalized Polyaniline Bionanocomposites for Water Purification","authors":"Mohd Saquib Tanweer, Zafar Iqbal, Adil Majeed Rather, Masood Alam","doi":"10.3390/w16182576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182576","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the preparation of novel ternary functional adsorbents based on polyaniline, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and moringa oleifera gum to produce zinc oxide/Moringa oleifera gum-grafted L-methionine-functionalized polyaniline bionanocomposites (ZM-g-Pani) and employed to sequestrate divalent metal ions (Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+) from wastewater samples. The morphological and structural properties of ZM-g-Pani were exploited using FT-IR, FE-SEM/EDS, TEM, and XRD. FT-IR and FE-SEM studies show that the as prepared nanocomposite has an abundant number of reactive groups and a porous structure, thus demonstrating outstanding divalent metal cation removal. FT-IR study confirms that the attachment of L-methionine to polyaniline is facilitated by the C-S linkage. Both TEM and FE-SEM techniques confirmed the clustered granules of ZnO over the surface of polyaniline, which ultimately provided more surface area to adsorb metal ions. The study demonstrated that Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions could undergo physical sorption and chemisorption simultaneously during the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity was 840.33, 497.51, and 497.51 mg/g for Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+, respectively. The impact of co-existing ions, including NO3–, PO43–, SO42–, Cl–, Na+, Cu2+, and Al3+, showed that there were no notable alterations in the adsorption of the selected metal ions with ZM-g-Pani. ZM-g-Pani showed eight successive regeneration cycles for Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ with more than 85% removal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neal D. Mundahl, Avery C. Schnaser, Christopher M. Kluzak, McKenzie L. Henkelman
Common or European carp (Cyprinus carpio) were eliminated from Lake Winona during a 1973 lake reclamation project. Multiple efforts to prevent their return and eliminate spawning opportunities have failed. Carp have remained in the lake for the past 50 years, but more recent observations of spawning activity in the lake suggest that their numbers have increased. We used shoreline electrofishing data from Lake Winona (2005–2021), along with carp abundance and effects models, to estimate the abundance of carp in Lake Winona, and to evaluate the need for future carp management within the lake. Carp size (mean TL = 614 mm, mean weight = 3.42 kg) did not differ between eastern and western basins, but densities were three times higher in the western basin (105 compared to 34 fish/hectare), and carp had significantly higher relative weights in the western (117%) versus the eastern (107%) basin. Carp biomass estimates for the eastern (116 kg/hectare) and western (360 kg/hectare) basins suggest that the lake may soon experience significant declines in macrophyte cover and other ecological damage associated with that loss. With an estimated adult carp population of >6900 fish and a carp biomass (23,750 kg) 1.5 times greater than the biomass of all carp killed during the 1973 reclamation, carp management activities (e.g., fish removal and spawning migration barriers) should be initiated soon to protect the Lake Winona game fish community.
{"title":"Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Reinvasion and Population Expansion in Lake Winona: A Modified Urban Floodplain Lake in Minnesota, USA","authors":"Neal D. Mundahl, Avery C. Schnaser, Christopher M. Kluzak, McKenzie L. Henkelman","doi":"10.3390/w16182571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182571","url":null,"abstract":"Common or European carp (Cyprinus carpio) were eliminated from Lake Winona during a 1973 lake reclamation project. Multiple efforts to prevent their return and eliminate spawning opportunities have failed. Carp have remained in the lake for the past 50 years, but more recent observations of spawning activity in the lake suggest that their numbers have increased. We used shoreline electrofishing data from Lake Winona (2005–2021), along with carp abundance and effects models, to estimate the abundance of carp in Lake Winona, and to evaluate the need for future carp management within the lake. Carp size (mean TL = 614 mm, mean weight = 3.42 kg) did not differ between eastern and western basins, but densities were three times higher in the western basin (105 compared to 34 fish/hectare), and carp had significantly higher relative weights in the western (117%) versus the eastern (107%) basin. Carp biomass estimates for the eastern (116 kg/hectare) and western (360 kg/hectare) basins suggest that the lake may soon experience significant declines in macrophyte cover and other ecological damage associated with that loss. With an estimated adult carp population of >6900 fish and a carp biomass (23,750 kg) 1.5 times greater than the biomass of all carp killed during the 1973 reclamation, carp management activities (e.g., fish removal and spawning migration barriers) should be initiated soon to protect the Lake Winona game fish community.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Backfill mining is an important means of ensuring the high efficiency and safety of the coal mining under thin bedrock and loose aquifers. Based on the case study of Taiping Coalmine, the theoretical analysis of entropy and numerical modeling methods are adopted to establish the visualization model of temporal–spatial cube of stress and displacement induced by the multiple layers backfill mining. Moreover, the quantitative characterization and measurement framework of symmetric KL-divergence is established based on information entropy and mutual information. The results show that: (1) The non-uniformity of stress and displacement is enhanced due to the multiple layers backfill mining, showing certain fluctuation characteristics. (2) The KL-divergence of stress to displacement is slightly greater than that of displacement to stress, and the hotspot distribution law of stress–displacement related efficiency is consistent with KL-divergence. (3) The hotspots of stress entropy and the gap between stress entropy and displacement entropy in multiple layers backfill mining decrease obviously. (4) Stress plays a main role in displacement, and displacement is a linkage response to stress due to the coordinated deformation. Multiple layers backfill mining results in an enhanced correlation degree and more chaotic state between stress and displacement. The results will provide engineering geological basis for optimal design and safe production of backfill mining under loose aquifers.
{"title":"Evolution and Quantitative Characterization of Stress and Displacement of Surrounding Rock Structure due to the Multiple Layers Backfill Mining under Loose Aquifers","authors":"Jiawei Liu, Wanghua Sui","doi":"10.3390/w16182574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182574","url":null,"abstract":"Backfill mining is an important means of ensuring the high efficiency and safety of the coal mining under thin bedrock and loose aquifers. Based on the case study of Taiping Coalmine, the theoretical analysis of entropy and numerical modeling methods are adopted to establish the visualization model of temporal–spatial cube of stress and displacement induced by the multiple layers backfill mining. Moreover, the quantitative characterization and measurement framework of symmetric KL-divergence is established based on information entropy and mutual information. The results show that: (1) The non-uniformity of stress and displacement is enhanced due to the multiple layers backfill mining, showing certain fluctuation characteristics. (2) The KL-divergence of stress to displacement is slightly greater than that of displacement to stress, and the hotspot distribution law of stress–displacement related efficiency is consistent with KL-divergence. (3) The hotspots of stress entropy and the gap between stress entropy and displacement entropy in multiple layers backfill mining decrease obviously. (4) Stress plays a main role in displacement, and displacement is a linkage response to stress due to the coordinated deformation. Multiple layers backfill mining results in an enhanced correlation degree and more chaotic state between stress and displacement. The results will provide engineering geological basis for optimal design and safe production of backfill mining under loose aquifers.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, an ensemble inflow-prediction system was developed for a hydropower-generation dam in the upper Sai River basin, and the accuracy of ensemble inflow prediction, which is important for efficient dam operation, was investigated. First, the Water and Energy Based Distributed Hydrological Model for Snow (WEB-DHM-S), a hydrological model developed for the Sai River basin, can represent the hydrological process from warm to cold seasons. Next, a system was developed on the Data Integration and Analysis System (DIAS) to predict inflows into the dam by inputting real-time meteorological data and ensemble rainfall forecast data into WEB-DHM-S. The WEB-DHM-S was calibrated and validated over a 3-year period from August 2015 to July 2018, and showed good agreement with observed inflows from base flow to peak flow and snowmelt runoff in each year. The results of inflow forecasting during frontal rainfall in August 2021 by inputting ensemble rainfall forecasts up to 39 h ahead showed that at the Inekoki Dam site, the total inflow (volume) to the peak was predicted with an accuracy of within 20% at 30 h, 24 h, 18 h, 12 h, and 6 h before the peak. These ensemble inflow forecasts can help optimize dam operations.
{"title":"Investigation of an Ensemble Inflow-Prediction System for Upstream Reservoirs in Sai River, Japan","authors":"Katsunori Tamakawa, Shigeru Nakamura, Cho Thanda Nyunt, Tomoki Ushiyama, Mohamed Rasmy, Keijiro Kubota, Asif Naseer, Eiji Ikoma, Toshihiro Nemoto, Masaru Kitsuregawa, Toshio Koike","doi":"10.3390/w16182577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182577","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an ensemble inflow-prediction system was developed for a hydropower-generation dam in the upper Sai River basin, and the accuracy of ensemble inflow prediction, which is important for efficient dam operation, was investigated. First, the Water and Energy Based Distributed Hydrological Model for Snow (WEB-DHM-S), a hydrological model developed for the Sai River basin, can represent the hydrological process from warm to cold seasons. Next, a system was developed on the Data Integration and Analysis System (DIAS) to predict inflows into the dam by inputting real-time meteorological data and ensemble rainfall forecast data into WEB-DHM-S. The WEB-DHM-S was calibrated and validated over a 3-year period from August 2015 to July 2018, and showed good agreement with observed inflows from base flow to peak flow and snowmelt runoff in each year. The results of inflow forecasting during frontal rainfall in August 2021 by inputting ensemble rainfall forecasts up to 39 h ahead showed that at the Inekoki Dam site, the total inflow (volume) to the peak was predicted with an accuracy of within 20% at 30 h, 24 h, 18 h, 12 h, and 6 h before the peak. These ensemble inflow forecasts can help optimize dam operations.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zengbing Sun, Xiao Yang, Sen Liu, Jiangbo Wang, Mingbo Li
In coastal plains, saline water intrusion (SWI) and potentially hazardous pollutants are harmful to local human health. The southern Laizhou Bay has become a typical representative of the northern silty coast due to its extensive silt sedimentation and the significant impact of human activities. This research focuses on a portion of the southern Laizhou Bay, using GIS-based spatial analysis, water quality index methods and health risk assessments to evaluate the impact of saltwater intrusion and potential hazardous pollutants. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is significantly impacted by saline water intrusion, leading to major ion concentrations that far exceed World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The groundwater chemical types of brine and brackish water in the study area are mainly Cl-Na, and the main chemical types of fresh water are HCO3-Ca·Na. The average concentration sequence of the main ions in groundwater is K+ > HCO3− > Cl− > Na+ > SO42− > Ca2+ > Mg2+. The average hazard quotient (HQ) sequence in typical pollutants is Cl− > F− > NO3-N > Se > Mn > NO2-N > Cu > Pb > Zn > Fe, and the carcinogenic risk (CR) sequence caused by carcinogenic heavy metals is Cd > As > Cr. The noncarcinogenic health risk area is mainly distributed in the northwest of the study area, while the potential carcinogenic risk area is in the central region. The Cl is the greatest noncarcinogenic risk to adults and children. The mean HQ values for adults and children were 95.69 and 146.98, indicating a significant noncarcinogenic risk. The mean CR values for adults and children were 0.00037 and 0.00057, suggesting a relatively low carcinogenic risk. SWI is the main influencing factor on human health; therefore, it is necessary to prevent and control SWI. Moreover, potentially hazardous pollutants are carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks and are caused by agriculture, industry and other human activities. The findings of this research offer scientific insights for groundwater pollution control and saline water intrusion management in similar coastal areas.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Saline Water Intrusion and Potentially Hazardous Pollutants in a Coastal Groundwater Environment","authors":"Zengbing Sun, Xiao Yang, Sen Liu, Jiangbo Wang, Mingbo Li","doi":"10.3390/w16182573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182573","url":null,"abstract":"In coastal plains, saline water intrusion (SWI) and potentially hazardous pollutants are harmful to local human health. The southern Laizhou Bay has become a typical representative of the northern silty coast due to its extensive silt sedimentation and the significant impact of human activities. This research focuses on a portion of the southern Laizhou Bay, using GIS-based spatial analysis, water quality index methods and health risk assessments to evaluate the impact of saltwater intrusion and potential hazardous pollutants. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is significantly impacted by saline water intrusion, leading to major ion concentrations that far exceed World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The groundwater chemical types of brine and brackish water in the study area are mainly Cl-Na, and the main chemical types of fresh water are HCO3-Ca·Na. The average concentration sequence of the main ions in groundwater is K+ > HCO3− > Cl− > Na+ > SO42− > Ca2+ > Mg2+. The average hazard quotient (HQ) sequence in typical pollutants is Cl− > F− > NO3-N > Se > Mn > NO2-N > Cu > Pb > Zn > Fe, and the carcinogenic risk (CR) sequence caused by carcinogenic heavy metals is Cd > As > Cr. The noncarcinogenic health risk area is mainly distributed in the northwest of the study area, while the potential carcinogenic risk area is in the central region. The Cl is the greatest noncarcinogenic risk to adults and children. The mean HQ values for adults and children were 95.69 and 146.98, indicating a significant noncarcinogenic risk. The mean CR values for adults and children were 0.00037 and 0.00057, suggesting a relatively low carcinogenic risk. SWI is the main influencing factor on human health; therefore, it is necessary to prevent and control SWI. Moreover, potentially hazardous pollutants are carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks and are caused by agriculture, industry and other human activities. The findings of this research offer scientific insights for groundwater pollution control and saline water intrusion management in similar coastal areas.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nan Zhang, Zhihao Zhang, Chunyang Li, Jiani Yue, Yan Su, Weiguo Cheng, Shoushan Sun, Xi Chen, Deyu Shi, Bo Liu
Emerging contaminants (ECs) present a significant risk to both the ecological environment and human health. Landfill leachate (LL) often contains elevated EC levels, posing a potential risk to localized groundwater. This study aimed to characterize ECs in municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) and hazardous waste landfills (HWLs) in northeast (NE) China. One and three HWLs and MSWLs in NE China with varying types, operational years, and impermeable layers were selected as case studies, respectively. Statistical analysis of 62 indicators of nine ECs in leachate and the groundwater environment indicated the presence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), antibiotics, alkylphenols (APs), and bisphenol A (BPA). The leachates of the four landfills exhibited elevated concentrations of ECs of 21.03 μg/L, 40.04 μg/L, 14.54 μg/L, and 43.05 μg/L for PFCs, antibiotics, Aps, and BPA, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the highest concentrations of ECs in groundwater and those in leachate as well as with operational duration of the landfill; in contrast, groundwater EC was negatively correlated with the degree of impermeability. This study can guide future management of ECs in landfills and hazardous waste sites in China, particularly in NE China.
{"title":"Emerging Contaminants in Landfill Leachate and Groundwater: A Case Study of Hazardous Waste Landfill and Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Northeastern China","authors":"Nan Zhang, Zhihao Zhang, Chunyang Li, Jiani Yue, Yan Su, Weiguo Cheng, Shoushan Sun, Xi Chen, Deyu Shi, Bo Liu","doi":"10.3390/w16182575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182575","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging contaminants (ECs) present a significant risk to both the ecological environment and human health. Landfill leachate (LL) often contains elevated EC levels, posing a potential risk to localized groundwater. This study aimed to characterize ECs in municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) and hazardous waste landfills (HWLs) in northeast (NE) China. One and three HWLs and MSWLs in NE China with varying types, operational years, and impermeable layers were selected as case studies, respectively. Statistical analysis of 62 indicators of nine ECs in leachate and the groundwater environment indicated the presence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), antibiotics, alkylphenols (APs), and bisphenol A (BPA). The leachates of the four landfills exhibited elevated concentrations of ECs of 21.03 μg/L, 40.04 μg/L, 14.54 μg/L, and 43.05 μg/L for PFCs, antibiotics, Aps, and BPA, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the highest concentrations of ECs in groundwater and those in leachate as well as with operational duration of the landfill; in contrast, groundwater EC was negatively correlated with the degree of impermeability. This study can guide future management of ECs in landfills and hazardous waste sites in China, particularly in NE China.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water yield (WY) service is the cornerstone of ecosystem functionality. Predicting and assessing the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) changes on WY is imperative for a nation’s food security, regional economic development, and ecological environmental protection. This study aimed to evaluate the water yield (WY) service in Henan Province, China, using high-resolution (30 m) remote sensing land use monitoring data from four study years: 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. It also utilized the PLUS model to predict the characteristics of LULC evolution and the future trends of WY service under four different development scenarios (for 2030 and 2050). The study’s results indicated the following: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the Henan Province’s WY first increased and then decreased, ranging from 398.56 × 108 m3 to 482.95 × 108 m3. The southern and southeastern parts of Henan Province were high-value WY areas, while most of its other regions were deemed low-value WY areas. (2) The different land use types were ranked in terms of their WY capacity, from strongest to weakest, as follows: unused land, cultivated land, grassland, construction land, woodland, and water. (3) The four abovementioned scenarios were ranked, from highest to lowest, based on the Henan’s total WY (in 2050) in each of them: high-quality development scenario (HDS), business-as-usual scenario (BAU), cultivated land protection scenario (CPS), and ecological protection scenario (ES). This study contributes to the advancement of ecosystem services research. Its results can provide scientific support for water resource management, sustainable regional development, and comprehensive land-use planning in Henan Province.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Ecosystem Water Yield Services and Responses to Future Land Use Scenarios in Henan Province, China","authors":"Shuxue Wang, Tianyi Cai, Qian Wen, Chaohui Yin, Jing Han, Zhichao Zhang","doi":"10.3390/w16172544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172544","url":null,"abstract":"Water yield (WY) service is the cornerstone of ecosystem functionality. Predicting and assessing the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) changes on WY is imperative for a nation’s food security, regional economic development, and ecological environmental protection. This study aimed to evaluate the water yield (WY) service in Henan Province, China, using high-resolution (30 m) remote sensing land use monitoring data from four study years: 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. It also utilized the PLUS model to predict the characteristics of LULC evolution and the future trends of WY service under four different development scenarios (for 2030 and 2050). The study’s results indicated the following: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the Henan Province’s WY first increased and then decreased, ranging from 398.56 × 108 m3 to 482.95 × 108 m3. The southern and southeastern parts of Henan Province were high-value WY areas, while most of its other regions were deemed low-value WY areas. (2) The different land use types were ranked in terms of their WY capacity, from strongest to weakest, as follows: unused land, cultivated land, grassland, construction land, woodland, and water. (3) The four abovementioned scenarios were ranked, from highest to lowest, based on the Henan’s total WY (in 2050) in each of them: high-quality development scenario (HDS), business-as-usual scenario (BAU), cultivated land protection scenario (CPS), and ecological protection scenario (ES). This study contributes to the advancement of ecosystem services research. Its results can provide scientific support for water resource management, sustainable regional development, and comprehensive land-use planning in Henan Province.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyu Ma, Shasha Liu, Lin Guo, Junzheng Zhang, Chen Feng, Mengyuan Feng, Yilun Li
Understanding the interrelationships between land use, climate change, and regional water yield is critical for effective water resource management and ecosystem protection. However, comprehensive insights into how water yield evolves under different land use scenarios and climate change remain elusive. This study employs the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) models, Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, and Geodetector within a unified framework to evaluate the dynamics of land use, water yield, and their relationships with various factors (meteorological, social, economic, etc.). To forecast the land use/cover change (LUCC) pattern of the Yellow River Basin by 2030, three scenarios were considered: economic development priority (Scenario 1), ecological development priority (Scenario 2), and cropland development priority (Scenario 3). Climate change scenarios were constructed using CMIP6 data, representing low-stress (SSP119), medium-stress (SSP245), and high-stress (SSP585) conditions. The results show the following: (1) from 2000 to 2020, cropland was predominant in the Yellow River Basin, Henan Province, with significant land conversion to impervious land (construction land) and forest land; (2) water yield changes during this period were primarily influenced by meteorological factors, with land use changes having negligible impact; (3) by 2030, the water yield of Scenario 1 is highest among different land use scenarios, marginally surpassing Scenario 2 by 1.60 × 108 m3; (4) climate scenarios reveal significant disparities, with SSP126 yielding 54.95 × 108 m3 higher water yield than SSP245, driven predominantly by precipitation; (5) Geodetector analysis identifies precipitation as the most influential single factor, with significant interactions among meteorological and socio-economic factors. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in formulating land use and water resource management strategies.
{"title":"Evolution and Analysis of Water Yield under the Change of Land Use and Climate Change Based on the PLUS-InVEST Model: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province","authors":"Xiaoyu Ma, Shasha Liu, Lin Guo, Junzheng Zhang, Chen Feng, Mengyuan Feng, Yilun Li","doi":"10.3390/w16172551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172551","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the interrelationships between land use, climate change, and regional water yield is critical for effective water resource management and ecosystem protection. However, comprehensive insights into how water yield evolves under different land use scenarios and climate change remain elusive. This study employs the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) models, Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, and Geodetector within a unified framework to evaluate the dynamics of land use, water yield, and their relationships with various factors (meteorological, social, economic, etc.). To forecast the land use/cover change (LUCC) pattern of the Yellow River Basin by 2030, three scenarios were considered: economic development priority (Scenario 1), ecological development priority (Scenario 2), and cropland development priority (Scenario 3). Climate change scenarios were constructed using CMIP6 data, representing low-stress (SSP119), medium-stress (SSP245), and high-stress (SSP585) conditions. The results show the following: (1) from 2000 to 2020, cropland was predominant in the Yellow River Basin, Henan Province, with significant land conversion to impervious land (construction land) and forest land; (2) water yield changes during this period were primarily influenced by meteorological factors, with land use changes having negligible impact; (3) by 2030, the water yield of Scenario 1 is highest among different land use scenarios, marginally surpassing Scenario 2 by 1.60 × 108 m3; (4) climate scenarios reveal significant disparities, with SSP126 yielding 54.95 × 108 m3 higher water yield than SSP245, driven predominantly by precipitation; (5) Geodetector analysis identifies precipitation as the most influential single factor, with significant interactions among meteorological and socio-economic factors. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in formulating land use and water resource management strategies.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dinh Van Duy, Nguyen Quang Duc Anh, Nguyen Trung Viet, Hitoshi Tanaka
Beach erosion and coastal protection are complex and interconnected phenomena that have a substantial impact on coastal environments worldwide. Among the various coastal protection measures, seawalls have been widely implemented to mitigate erosion and protect coastal assets. However, the interrelationship between beach erosion and seawalls remains a critical topic for investigation to ensure effective and sustainable coastal management strategies. Seawalls impact the shoreline, particularly through the “end effect”, where the seawall functions similarly to a groin, causing erosion on the downdrift side relative to the direction of wave approach. This study provides a detailed analysis of the interplay between beach erosion and seawall structures in Loc An, Vietnam, employing both remote sensing and numerical approaches. Sentinel-2 images were employed together with an analytical solution to observe the shoreline change at the Loc An sand spit and to determine input values for the numerical model. Based on the shoreline dynamics, a numerical scheme was employed to study the shoreline evolution after the construction of a seawall. Our findings show that the shoreline evolution can be divided into three stages: (1) The first stage corresponds to the elongation of the sand spit without interference from coastal structures. (2) The second stage shows the effect of jetties on the shoreline, as signaled by the buildup of sand updrift of the jetties. (3) The third stage shows the effectiveness of the seawall, where the shoreline reaches its equilibrium condition. The study provides a quick and simple method for estimating shoreline diffusivity (ε) in situations where measured data is scarce.
海滩侵蚀和海岸保护是一种复杂而又相互关联的现象，对全世界的海岸环境都有重大 影响。在各种海岸保护措施中，海堤已被广泛采用来减缓侵蚀和保护海岸资产。然而，海滩侵蚀与海堤之间的相互关系仍然是一个重要的研究课题，以确保有效和 可持续的海岸管理策略。海堤对海岸线的影响，特别是通过 "端部效应"，即海堤的功能类似于海槽，会造成相对于海浪侵袭方向的下漂一侧的侵蚀。本研究采用遥感和数值方法，对越南禄安的海滩侵蚀和海堤结构之间的相互作用进行了详细分析。通过使用哨兵-2 图像和分析解决方案，观测了 Loc An 沙嘴的海岸线变化，并确定了数值模型的输入值。在海岸线动态变化的基础上，采用数值方案研究了修建海堤后的海岸线演变。研究结果表明，海岸线演变可分为三个阶段：(1) 第一阶段为沙嘴伸长阶段，不受海岸建筑物的干扰。(2) 第二阶段是防波堤对海岸线的影响，表现为防波堤上游的沙粒堆积。(3) 第三阶段显示海堤的效果，即海岸线达到平衡状态。这项研究为在测量数据缺乏的情况下估算海岸线扩散率 (ε)提供了一种快速而简单的方法。
{"title":"Interrelationship between Wall and Beach Erosion in Loc An, Vietnam: Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling Approaches","authors":"Dinh Van Duy, Nguyen Quang Duc Anh, Nguyen Trung Viet, Hitoshi Tanaka","doi":"10.3390/w16172553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172553","url":null,"abstract":"Beach erosion and coastal protection are complex and interconnected phenomena that have a substantial impact on coastal environments worldwide. Among the various coastal protection measures, seawalls have been widely implemented to mitigate erosion and protect coastal assets. However, the interrelationship between beach erosion and seawalls remains a critical topic for investigation to ensure effective and sustainable coastal management strategies. Seawalls impact the shoreline, particularly through the “end effect”, where the seawall functions similarly to a groin, causing erosion on the downdrift side relative to the direction of wave approach. This study provides a detailed analysis of the interplay between beach erosion and seawall structures in Loc An, Vietnam, employing both remote sensing and numerical approaches. Sentinel-2 images were employed together with an analytical solution to observe the shoreline change at the Loc An sand spit and to determine input values for the numerical model. Based on the shoreline dynamics, a numerical scheme was employed to study the shoreline evolution after the construction of a seawall. Our findings show that the shoreline evolution can be divided into three stages: (1) The first stage corresponds to the elongation of the sand spit without interference from coastal structures. (2) The second stage shows the effect of jetties on the shoreline, as signaled by the buildup of sand updrift of the jetties. (3) The third stage shows the effectiveness of the seawall, where the shoreline reaches its equilibrium condition. The study provides a quick and simple method for estimating shoreline diffusivity (ε) in situations where measured data is scarce.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huipan Li, Yuan Wang, Liying Ping, Na Li, Peng Zhao
The frequency of global floods has increased, posing significant threats to economic development and human safety. Existing flood risk zoning studies in disaster prevention lack integration of the natural–economic–social chain and urban resilience factors. This study addresses this gap by constructing flood disaster risk and intensity indices using data from 31 provinces and 295 prefectural-level cities in China from 2011 to 2022. These indices incorporate natural (rainfall), economic (GDP), and social (population, built-up area) indicators to assess the flood likelihood and loss degree, providing comprehensive risk and intensity ratings. The study also examines the impact of resilience factors—environmental (green space), infrastructural (rainwater pipeline density), and natural resource (watershed areas)—on flood intensity. Findings reveal that high-risk regions are mainly in the Yangtze River Basin and southern regions, while high-intensity regions are primarily in the middle and lower Yangtze River and certain northwestern cities. Increasing rainwater pipeline density mitigates flood impacts in high-risk, high-intensity areas, while expanding green spaces and pipelines are effective in high-risk, low-intensity regions. This paper proposes a comprehensive flood hazard zoning mechanism integrating natural, economic, and social factors with urban resilience, offering insights and a scientific basis for urban flood management.
{"title":"Comprehensive Zoning Strategies for Flood Disasters in China","authors":"Huipan Li, Yuan Wang, Liying Ping, Na Li, Peng Zhao","doi":"10.3390/w16172546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172546","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency of global floods has increased, posing significant threats to economic development and human safety. Existing flood risk zoning studies in disaster prevention lack integration of the natural–economic–social chain and urban resilience factors. This study addresses this gap by constructing flood disaster risk and intensity indices using data from 31 provinces and 295 prefectural-level cities in China from 2011 to 2022. These indices incorporate natural (rainfall), economic (GDP), and social (population, built-up area) indicators to assess the flood likelihood and loss degree, providing comprehensive risk and intensity ratings. The study also examines the impact of resilience factors—environmental (green space), infrastructural (rainwater pipeline density), and natural resource (watershed areas)—on flood intensity. Findings reveal that high-risk regions are mainly in the Yangtze River Basin and southern regions, while high-intensity regions are primarily in the middle and lower Yangtze River and certain northwestern cities. Increasing rainwater pipeline density mitigates flood impacts in high-risk, high-intensity areas, while expanding green spaces and pipelines are effective in high-risk, low-intensity regions. This paper proposes a comprehensive flood hazard zoning mechanism integrating natural, economic, and social factors with urban resilience, offering insights and a scientific basis for urban flood management.","PeriodicalId":23788,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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