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Impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on water quality along the coast of Morocco 新冠肺炎封锁对摩洛哥沿岸水质的影响
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.047
H. Azidane, Noir Purba Primadona, M. Boko, Mohammed ElBouhaddioui, Bouchain Magrane
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the marine activities and all the anthropogenic activities along the coast have been shut off for several months. The total suspended matter (TSM) was analyzed before and during COVID-19 lockdown in the coast of Morocco. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess all the changes reflected through the coast in April of 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. In the absence of the ground observations during this period, the remote sensing data was used in this study. The results showed a gradual reduction in TSM concentration, indicating a positive improvement during the lockdown period. The TSM concentrations during this period decreased by 40.59% on average compared with the pre-lockdown period. Further, the turbidity in the water has reduced at each stretch of the rivers. Remote sensing is a powerful tools for analyzing turbidity over the whole littoral areas, even in the absence of field observations. The ongoing pandemic shows that an ocean with cleaner water is possible. These findings provide a general reference on the state of the Moroccan coast that could contribute to improve policy and future monitoring program.
由于新冠肺炎大流行,大部分海洋活动和沿海所有人类活动已中断数月。在摩洛哥海岸新冠肺炎封锁之前和期间,对总悬浮物(TSM)进行了分析。因此,本研究的目的是评估2018年、2019年、2020年和2021年4月海岸线的所有变化。在这一时期没有地面观测的情况下,本研究使用了遥感数据。结果显示,TSM浓度逐渐降低,表明在封锁期间有了积极改善。与封锁前相比,这一时期的TSM浓度平均下降了40.59%。此外,在每条河流中,水中的浊度都有所降低。遥感是分析整个沿海地区浊度的有力工具,即使在没有实地观测的情况下也是如此。持续的疫情表明,拥有更清洁水源的海洋是可能的。这些发现为摩洛哥海岸的状况提供了一般参考,有助于改进政策和未来的监测计划。
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引用次数: 1
Modelling the effect of salt from road runoff on nitrification of a wastewater treatment plant 模拟道路径流中的盐分对污水处理厂硝化作用的影响
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.059
N. Jovanović, Sandra Breu, H. Plihal, Guenter Langergraber
Salt (NaCl) that is being dispersed on the roads to prevent the formation of ice and snow can have positive and negative effects on nitrification rates in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Based on experimental data, a numerical model has been derived to describe these effects. The numerical model has been successfully implemented in the SIMBA# simulation software and tested on a real case study, the Freistadt WWTP, located in Upper Austria. A number of parameters impacting nitrification have been investigated: inflow salt concentration, duration of the salt loading, temperature during salt loading, and increasing volumetric inflow to the WWTP during salt loading events. Simulation results revealed that salt concentration lower than 1 g NaCl/l brought improvement in nitrification rates. However, when this threshold was exceeded, inhibition of nitrification occurred. Furthermore, prolonged salt dosing exposure times brought amplification of both positive and negative effects on removal rates. Results show that salt concentration and salt load have the biggest impacts on nitrification.
分散在道路上以防止冰雪形成的盐(NaCl)会对废水处理厂(WWTP)的硝化率产生积极和消极的影响。基于实验数据,推导出了描述这些影响的数值模型。该数值模型已在SIMBA#模拟软件中成功实现,并在位于上奥地利的Freistadt污水处理厂的实际案例研究中进行了测试。已经研究了影响硝化作用的许多参数:进水盐浓度、盐负荷持续时间、盐负荷期间的温度,以及在盐负荷事件期间增加污水处理厂的体积进水量。模拟结果表明,盐浓度低于1g NaCl/l可提高硝化速率。然而,当超过该阈值时,硝化作用发生抑制。此外,延长盐剂量暴露时间会对去除率产生积极和消极的影响。结果表明,盐浓度和盐负荷对硝化作用的影响最大。
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引用次数: 0
A multivariate approach to the water quality environment of a tropical lake surrounded by agricultural land 农业用地周围热带湖泊水质环境的多元分析
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.058
T. Edwin, P. S. Komala, M. Mera, D. Helard, V. S. Bachtiar
Lake Diatas is a tropical lake surrounded by agricultural land prone to pollution. A multivariate approach to lake water quality will be useful for lake management. The study's objectives are to describe fertiliser use by farmers around the lake, the lake's quality and trophic state spatially, and to use a multivariate approach to lake water quality. The results of a survey showed that most farmers use synthetic fertilisers because of low fertility soil, with self-estimated doses applied. The levels of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and Secchi depth (SD) marginally exceeded the regulatory standard. However, the trophic status of the lake indicates an intermediate level of nutrients. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the presence of two main factors with a variance of 85.46% – which showed the important drivers for lake water quality is mainly affected by agricultural activities around the lake. Cluster analysis showed three groups with the same water quality characteristics: the first group consists of locations with higher sulphate levels, the second with low SD, and the third with higher levels of TN and TP. Clearly, agricultural activities affect lake water quality and management regarding land use around the lake is important to prevent pollution.
迪亚塔斯湖是一个热带湖泊,周围是易受污染的农业用地。湖泊水质的多元方法将有助于湖泊管理。该研究的目的是描述湖泊周围农民的化肥使用情况、湖泊的质量和营养状态,并使用多元方法来评估湖泊水质。一项调查结果显示,大多数农民使用合成肥料是因为土壤肥力低,施用量自行估计。总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和塞奇深度(SD)的水平略高于监管标准。然而,湖泊的营养状况表明营养物质处于中等水平。主成分分析(PCA)显示存在两个主要因素,方差为85.46%,这表明湖泊水质的重要驱动因素主要受湖泊周围农业活动的影响。聚类分析显示,三组具有相同的水质特征:第一组由硫酸盐水平较高的地点组成,第二组由低SD组成,第三组由TN和TP水平较高的地方组成。显然,农业活动会影响湖泊水质,湖泊周围的土地利用管理对防止污染很重要。
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引用次数: 1
Coupling support vector machine and the irrigation water quality index to assess groundwater quality suitability for irrigation practices in the Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia 耦合支持向量机和灌溉水质指数评估埃塞俄比亚塔纳次流域灌溉实践的地下水质量适宜性
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.055
Long-term and sustainable agricultural practices can be achieved through monitoring and evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation operations. However, less attention was given to irrigation water quality in the Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia. The present study is aimed to assess the seasonal and spatial groundwater suitability for irrigation uses. The groundwater quality parameters measured in 40 samples in each dry and wet season were the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Fe2+, HCO3-, CO32-, Cl−, and NO3-. The groundwater suitability for irrigation was assessed using the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) and support vector machine (SVM). The results showed high and medium irrigation suitability classes in the dry and wet seasons. The proportion of groundwater samples in the medium irrigation appropriateness class in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, was 72.5 and 67.5%. The groundwater in the wet season is comparatively more suitable than that in the dry season, which is attributed to the leaching of accumulated salts during the wet season. To avoid a salinity threat, vigilance should be exercised when using groundwater during the dry seasons. The groundwater quality suitability map developed here for irrigation may aid in locating better-quality groundwater sources for irrigation.
通过监测和评价灌溉作业的地下水质量,可以实现长期和可持续的农业做法。但是,对埃塞俄比亚塔纳分流域的灌溉水质关注较少。本研究的目的是评价地下水灌溉利用的季节和空间适宜性。40个样品在干湿季节分别测定了pH、电导率(EC)、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Fe2+、HCO3-、CO32-、Cl−和NO3-等水质参数。采用灌溉水质指数(IWQI)和支持向量机(SVM)对地下水进行灌溉适宜性评价。结果表明,旱季和雨季灌溉适宜性分为高、中两个等级。干季和湿季地下水适宜级比例分别为72.5%和67.5%。雨季地下水相对较旱季更适宜,这是由于雨季积累的盐分淋滤所致。为避免含盐量的威胁,在旱季使用地下水时应保持警惕。本文绘制的地下水水质适宜性图有助于确定水质较好的地下水水源进行灌溉。
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引用次数: 1
Efficient adsorption of nickel and chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions using lignocellulose nanofibers: kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic studies 使用木质纤维素纳米纤维从水溶液中有效吸附镍和铬(VI):动力学、等温线和热力学研究
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.054
The entry of heavy metals due to industrial activities into the environment is one of the major problems in this century. Nickel and chromium(VI) are the toxin elements that are used in various industries. In this study, lignocellulose nanofiber was purchased from the Nano-Novin Polymer Company and used as an adsorbent for the removal of nickel and chromium(VI) ions from aqueous solutions in a batch system. The effects of pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature were investigated. The adsorption mechanism was determined by Langmuir, Freundlich, kinetic, and thermodynamic models. Investigation of equilibrium isotherms nickel and chromium(VI) showed that the isotherm fitted well with the Freundlich model. The pseudo-second-order model with the larger correlation coefficient had a greater fitness against experimental data in the kinetic studies. Thermodynamic parameters of both nickel and chromium such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were calculated which indicated spontaneous, endothermic, and random processes, respectively. Lignocellulose nanofiber can be suggested as a good adsorbent that is highly capable of adsorbing nickel and chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions.
工业活动导致的重金属进入环境是本世纪的主要问题之一。镍和铬(VI)是各种工业中使用的有毒元素。在本研究中,木质纤维素纳米纤维购自Nano Novin聚合物公司,并用作吸附剂,用于在分批系统中从水溶液中去除镍和铬(VI)离子。研究了pH、初始浓度、吸附剂用量、接触时间和温度对吸附效果的影响。通过Langmuir、Freundlich、动力学和热力学模型确定了吸附机理。镍和铬(VI)的平衡等温线研究表明,该等温线符合Freundlich模型。在动力学研究中,具有较大相关系数的伪二阶模型对实验数据具有较大的拟合度。计算了镍和铬的热力学参数,如吉布斯自由能、焓和熵,分别表明了自发过程、吸热过程和随机过程。木质纤维素纳米纤维可以被认为是一种很好的吸附剂,它能够高度吸附水溶液中的镍和铬(VI)。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of illegal solid waste dumping on the water quality of the Mthatha River 非法倾倒固体废物对Mthatha河水质的影响
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.053
The world faces problems such as improper waste disposal that have spread to include disposal near water bodies. It is getting very difficult to find fresh water everywhere. Given that surface sources provide around one-third of the world's drinking water needs, contamination of these sources exacerbates the issue. This paper aimed at evaluating the impacts of solid waste on the water quality along the Mthatha River. During the rainy and dry seasons of 2021, Hanna probe instruments were used to assess the physicochemical quality of water before and after identifying illegal dump sites. To compare the measured mean values of water quality parameters, the data were analysed using ANOVA in SPSS version 22. In terms of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite, conductivity, and presence of Escherichia coli, the water quality in the sampling points after the illegal dump sites revealed deterioration, which was more severe in the rainy season and moderate in the dry season. The study's findings suggest that illegal dump sites along water bodies negatively impact the water quality. Diverse research on water pollution shows that declining water quality endangers aquatic species and is unsafe for human consumption. This paper recommends strengthening of laws against improper waste handling, and more frequent waste collection to prevent contamination of water bodies.
世界面临着诸如不当废物处理等问题,这些问题已经蔓延到水体附近的处理。到处都很难找到淡水。鉴于地表水源提供了世界约三分之一的饮用水需求,这些水源的污染加剧了这一问题。本文旨在评估固体废物对Mthatha河沿岸水质的影响。在2021年的雨季和旱季,汉纳探测仪器被用来评估在识别非法倾倒场之前和之后的水的物理化学质量。为了比较水质参数的测量平均值,在SPSS版本22中使用ANOVA对数据进行分析。从温度、溶解氧、pH值、亚硝酸盐、电导率和大肠杆菌的存在来看,非法倾倒场后采样点的水质出现恶化,雨季更严重,旱季中等。研究结果表明,水体沿岸的非法倾倒场会对水质产生负面影响。对水污染的多样性研究表明,水质下降危及水生物种,对人类消费不安全。本文建议加强针对不当废物处理的法律,并更频繁地收集废物,以防止污染水体。
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引用次数: 0
Basis for the formulation of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 biosurfactant to achieve low interfacial tension and high emulsification activities: development of a bio-based formula with potential use for personal care products 枯草芽孢杆菌SPB1生物表面活性剂的配方基础,以实现低界面张力和高乳化活性:开发具有潜在用途的个人护理产品的生物基配方
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.052
Mouna Bouassida, Mnif Inès, Nada Fourati, D. Ghribi
Thanks to their multifunctional properties, such as foaming, emulsifying and skin hydrating activity, biosurfactants are potentially used in the cosmetic industry. In the present work, firstly, skin cream formulations using chemical surfactant agents and lipopeptide biosurfactants isolated from Bacillus subtilis SPB1 were investigated. The efficiency of the selected formula, containing 15% biosurfactant, was tested. Their physicochemical properties were satisfying. In fact, it shows a spreading ability of 23 mm, a water activity of 0.72 and a pH value of 5. In addition, their biological activities were interesting. As a result, it shows a zone of inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria ranging from 8 to 15 mm. Moreover, it presents an antiradical effect against diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an IC50 of the order of 68 mg/mL. Second, seeking a highly stable SPB1 biosurfactant formulation for an easy commercial trend, a combination of biosurfactant, Gum Arabic (GA) and glycerol was optimized using the Box–Behnken (BB) design. As analysed, the model predicts an optimal value of the surface tension (ST) equal to 40.18 ± 0.39 mN/m when the respective values of the percentages of SPB1 BioS, glycerol and GA are equal to 72.62, 7.5 and 1.5%. Under these conditions, the emulsification index (EI)-24% is of the order of 81.76 ± 0.14%.
由于其多功能特性,如泡沫、乳化和皮肤保湿活性,生物表面活性剂在化妆品工业中有潜在的应用。本文首先研究了从枯草芽孢杆菌SPB1中分离的化学表面活性剂和脂肽生物表面活性剂对护肤霜配方的影响。对所选择的配方(含15%生物表面活性剂)进行了效率测试。它们的理化性质令人满意。实际上,它的扩散能力为23毫米,水活度为0.72,pH值为5。此外,它们的生物活动也很有趣。结果显示,它对革兰氏阳性细菌的抑制区范围为8至15毫米。对二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼(DPPH)具有抗自由基作用,IC50约为68 mg/mL。其次,为了寻找一种高度稳定的SPB1生物表面活性剂配方,采用Box-Behnken (BB)设计对生物表面活性剂、阿拉伯胶(GA)和甘油的组合进行了优化。结果表明,当SPB1 - BioS、甘油和GA的比例分别为72.62、7.5和1.5%时,表面张力(ST)的最佳值为40.18±0.39 mN/m。在此条件下,乳化指数(EI)-24%为81.76±0.14%。
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引用次数: 0
Flood mitigation of Bila River in Sidrap Regency Indonesia based on eco-drainage retention pond 基于生态排水截留池的印尼Sidrap县Bila河防洪研究
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.051
Abdulla Suleman, S. Badaruddin, Mustamin Mustamin, Z. Saing, Muhammad Rivaldi Mustamin
This study aims to analyze the distribution of floods in the Bila River and its countermeasures in reducing the impact that occurred in Sidrap Regency. The study performs hydrological analysis using the Bila watershed rainfall data, calculates the planned flood discharge using the HSS SCS model, and simulates the flood flow profile using the HEC-RAS 2D numerical model. It is found that the Q20 flood discharge of the Bila and the Bulucenrana Rivers entered the Bila River downstream calculated from the HSS SCS analysis are 738.60 and 779.50 m3/s, respectively. The overflow of the Bila River flood affects 9 villages, namely Kalola Village (0.06 km2), Sogi Village (0.01 km2), Kalosi Alau Village (0.32 km2), Kampale Village (0.11 km2), Salomalori Village (0.42 km2), Tanru Tedong Village (2.12 km2), Kalosi Village (0.91 km2), Salobukkang Village (1.70 km2), and Taccimpo Village (4.01 km2). It is proposed that the best solution to deal with the issue is by introducing an eco-drainage system, namely by constructing a retention pond with a maximum storage volume of 3.81 million m3 or with a normal storage of 2.4 million m3. The existence of a retention pond can reduce the inundated area around 8.28 km2 or 85.71%.
本研究旨在分析比拉河洪水的分布,以及减少比拉河洪水影响的对策。本研究使用Bila流域降雨数据进行水文分析,使用HSS SCS模型计算计划洪水流量,并使用HEC-RAS 2D数值模型模拟洪水流量剖面。通过HSS - SCS分析计算得出,比勒纳河和布卢什拉纳河进入比勒纳河下游的Q20洪流量分别为738.60 m3/s和779.50 m3/s。比拉河洪水泛滥影响了9个村庄,分别是卡罗拉村(0.06平方公里)、索吉村(0.01平方公里)、卡洛西阿劳村(0.32平方公里)、坎帕莱村(0.11平方公里)、萨洛马洛里村(0.42平方公里)、坦如特东村(2.12平方公里)、卡洛西村(0.91平方公里)、萨洛布康村(1.70平方公里)和塔齐普村(4.01平方公里)。建议最好的解决方案是引入生态排水系统,即建造一个最大蓄水量为381万立方米或正常蓄水量为240万立方米的蓄水池。蓄水池的存在可减少约8.28 km2或85.71%的淹没面积。
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引用次数: 0
Activated banana peel macrocomposite adsorbent for river water treatment: isotherm and kinetic studies 活化香蕉皮宏观复合吸附剂处理河水:等温线和动力学研究
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.050
N. Apandi, M. S. Muhamad, Tan Wee Yek, N. Sunar, Ramathasan Nagarajah
This study investigates the potential of a hybrid process combining sand filtration column with activated banana peels macrocomposite (ABPM) adsorbent for river water treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis displayed an irregular structure and high cavities of the banana peel adsorbent surface that caters to the deposition of contaminants, while energy-dispersive X-ray analysis detected major elements of the adsorbent, such as calcium, oxygen, silicon, and carbon. Fourier-transform infrared analysis of the banana peels adsorbent showed the presence of hydroxyl, acyl, amine, and alkene groups that were responsible for the adsorption process. The sand filtration column experiment was investigated to find out the removal of turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and ammonia nitrogen (AN) where it resulted in the highest removal efficiency operated at a flowrate of 1.15 ml/s with >90% turbidity, 44% COD, 87% BOD, 75% TSS, and 54% AN removal. The adsorption isotherm was best described by the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.98) compared to the Freundlich model (R2 > 0.95). The pseudo-first-order kinetic model was the best fit for all the experimental data. The combination of sand filtration column with ABPM adsorbent is an efficient treatment solution for improving river water quality.
本研究探讨了砂滤柱与活性香蕉皮大复合材料(ABPM)吸附剂相结合的混合工艺处理河水的潜力。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析显示,香蕉皮吸附剂表面存在不规则结构和高空腔,这有助于污染物的沉积,而能量色散X射线分析检测到吸附剂的主要元素,如钙、氧、硅和碳。香蕉皮吸附剂的傅立叶变换红外分析表明,存在对吸附过程负责的羟基、酰基、胺和烯烃基团。砂滤柱实验对浊度、生化需氧量(BOD)、化学需氧量(COD)、总悬浮物(TSS)和氨氮(AN)的去除率进行了研究,结果表明,在1.15ml/s的流速下,浊度>90%,COD 44%,BOD 87%,TSS 75%,AN去除率54%。与Freundlich模型(R2>0.95)相比,Langmuir模型(R2>0.98)对吸附等温线的描述最好。伪一阶动力学模型最适合所有实验数据。砂滤柱与ABPM吸附剂相结合是改善河水水质的有效处理方案。
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引用次数: 0
HEC-RAS 2D modeling for flood inundation mapping: a case study of the Krishna River Basin 用于洪水淹没制图的HEC-RAS 2D建模:以克里希纳河流域为例
IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.048
Komal Vashist, K. K. Singh
Floods are catastrophic natural disasters that cause a substantial toll on human lives, infrastructure, and the economy. Structural and non-structural measures are developed for planning flood mitigation strategies. Flood inundation mapping is valuable information for decision-makers and authorities to develop flood mitigation strategies and resource allocation. This study uses the HEC-RAS 2D model for flood inundation mapping in the Krishna River Basin. Digital elevation models (DEMs) of 12.5 and 30 m resolutions were used to model the inundation map. The study also investigated the effect of change in upstream boundary data on the inundated area. The simulated results with 12.5 m resolution DEM are found in good agreement with the validation data and conform to the inundated areas with the available reports. This study proves the 2D capabilities of HEC-RAS and helps the experts with better management practices.
洪水是灾难性的自然灾害,对人类生命、基础设施和经济造成重大损失。为规划防洪战略,制定了结构和非结构措施。洪水淹没图是决策者和当局制定洪水缓解战略和资源分配的宝贵信息。本研究使用HEC-RAS 2D模型对克里希纳河流域进行洪水淹没制图。采用12.5 m和30 m分辨率的数字高程模型(dem)模拟淹没图。研究了上游边界数据变化对淹没面积的影响。12.5 m分辨率DEM的模拟结果与验证数据吻合较好,与现有报告的淹没区域吻合较好。该研究证明了HEC-RAS的二维能力,并有助于专家更好地进行管理实践。
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引用次数: 0
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Water Practice and Technology
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