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Developed log-wake law and turbulent behaviour of flow along a stepped spillway 建立了阶梯式溢洪道的尾流规律和湍流特性
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.153
Panaitep Pongcharoenpit, Duangrudee Kositgittiwong, Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit
Abstract The log-wake law for turbulent current has been developed and tested with laboratory data on turbulent flow in smooth pipes. However, flow with turbulence and vortices in a stepped spillway have not been described. Therefore, in this study, a log-wake law has been developed for use in stepped spillway systems. It can be divided into three parts. The first part, a logarithmic equation, describes the effect of shear stress between the flow layers with a von Kármán constant of 0.41. The second part, a third-degree polynomial, describes the effect of the shear stress on the wall. The last part, a fourth-degree polynomial, describes the effect of changing the flow pressure distribution, similar to the wall-free shear stress. Calibration tests (68 datasets) are used with a flow rate between 0.0233 and 3.285 m3/s, a spillway slope of 14–30°, and a step height of 0.0380–0.610 m. The developed log-wake law characterized the flow in a stepped spillway well. The limitation of the equation is a maximum flow velocity of 4 m/s; the accuracy of this equation decreases as the step height increases.
摘要建立了紊流的对数尾迹规律,并用光滑管道紊流的实验数据进行了验证。然而,阶梯式溢洪道中湍流和旋涡的流动尚未被描述。因此,在本研究中,开发了一个用于梯级溢洪道系统的对数尾流定律。它可以分为三个部分。第一部分是一个对数方程,描述了流动层之间剪切应力的影响,von Kármán常数为0.41。第二部分是一个三次多项式,描述了剪力对墙体的影响。最后一部分是一个四次多项式,描述了改变流动压力分布的影响,类似于无壁剪应力。校准试验(68个数据集)使用的流量为0.0233 ~ 3.285 m3/s,溢洪道坡度为14 ~ 30°,台阶高度为0.0380 ~ 0.610 m。建立了阶梯溢洪道井流动的尾流规律。方程的极限是最大流速为4m /s;该方程的精度随着阶跃高度的增加而降低。
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引用次数: 0
Development of flood forecasting and warning system using hybrid approach of ensemble and hydrological model for Dharoi Dam 基于集合与水文模型混合方法的达洛伊大坝洪水预报预警系统的开发
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.178
Anant Patel, S. M. Yadav
Abstract The most frequent natural disaster is flooding. Advanced forecasting systems are lacking in developing countries. The majority of urban areas are located close to flood plains for rivers. Accurate flood forecasting is necessary for reservoir planning and flood management. The Sabarmati River's atmospheric-hydrologic ensemble flood forecasting model has been developed using TIGGE data. Precipitation can be reliably predicted by TIGGE's global ensemble numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. By using NWP data, flood forecasting systems may be extended from hours to days. Ensemble weather forecasts are produced using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and National Centers for Environmental Prediction together with 5-day lead times from TIGGE. The flood occurrences from 2015, 2017, and 2020 were used for the calibration and validation of the ensemble flood forecasting model. Bias was corrected using Bayesian model averaging (BMA), heterogeneous extended linear regression, censored non-homogeneous linear regression (cNLR), and other statistical downscaling techniques. Forecasted and downscaled precipitation data were checked using the Brier score and rank likelihood score. For cNLR, Brier's score performed admirably. The specificity vs. sensitivity performance of the cNLR and BMA approaches is 91.87 and 91.82%, respectively, according to receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve diagrams. Models with the hybrid hydrologic coupling approach accurately predict floods. Users may predict peak time and peak discharge hazard likelihood with reliability using peak time and flood warning probability distributions.
洪水是最常见的自然灾害。发展中国家缺乏先进的预报系统。大多数城市地区靠近河流泛滥的平原。准确的洪水预报是水库规划和洪水管理的必要条件。利用TIGGE数据建立了萨巴尔马蒂河大气-水文集合洪水预报模型。TIGGE的全球集合数值天气预报系统可以可靠地预报降水。通过使用NWP数据,洪水预报系统可以从几小时延长到几天。综合天气预报是利用欧洲中期天气预报中心和国家环境预报中心,结合TIGGE的5天提前期编制的。利用2015年、2017年和2020年的洪水发生量对集合洪水预报模型进行了定标和验证。使用贝叶斯模型平均(BMA)、异质扩展线性回归、删减非齐次线性回归(cNLR)和其他统计降尺度技术校正偏差。使用Brier评分和秩似然评分对预测和缩减的降水数据进行检查。对于cNLR, Brier的分数表现得令人钦佩。根据受者工作特征和曲线图下面积,cNLR和BMA方法的特异性和敏感性分别为91.87和91.82%。采用混合水文耦合方法的模型能准确预测洪水。利用洪峰时间和洪峰预警概率分布,用户可以较为可靠地预测洪峰时间和洪峰排放危害可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of equations for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient: a case study in the Orashi River 纵向色散系数方程的性能:以Orashi河为例
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.177
Chinedu Ukpaka, Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba
Abstract Investigation of the water quality of rivers is a key point in Water Resources Engineering. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient is one of the foremost significant parameter in river water quality monitoring. Several parameters such as hydraulic, morphology, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids are effective parameters in the determination of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient as revealed by this study. The assessment of the river shows mean hydraulic and geometric properties such as flow, depth, velocity, longitudinal slope, and width to be 354.17 m3/s, 9.61 m, 0.69m/s, 0.0079,101.63 m and the range of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient as (72-104.4) m2/s. Results obtained by employing the established equations revealed standard error indices and RMSE of the developed equation, and Kashefipour and Falconer (2002) gives correlation coefficient of about 0.819 and 4.182 and 0.421 and 12.186, respectively, as coefficient of determination and RMSE, and they are more accurate among the empirical equations. However, the newly derived equation for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient performed better when compared with others indicating the fitness of the developed equation to estimate Dl.
摘要河流水质调查是水利工程中的一个关键问题。纵向弥散系数是河流水质监测中最重要的参数之一。水力、形貌、总溶解固形物、总悬浮物等参数是确定纵向分散系数的有效参数。结果表明,河流的流量、深度、流速、纵向坡度和宽度等水力和几何特性的平均值分别为354.17 m3/s、9.61 m、0.69m/s、0.0079、101.63 m,纵向弥散系数的变化范围为(72 ~ 104.4)m2/s。利用所建立的方程得到的结果揭示了所建立方程的标准误差指标和RMSE, Kashefipour和Falconer(2002)给出的相关系数分别为0.819和4.182,决定系数和RMSE分别为0.421和12.186,在经验方程中更为准确。然而,与其他公式相比,新导出的纵向离散系数方程表现得更好,这表明所开发的方程适合估计Dl。
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引用次数: 0
Photocatalytic and antioxidant potential of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Artemisia stelleriana leaf extracts 紫花蒿叶提取物生物合成纳米银的光催化和抗氧化潜力
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.176
Juhi Puthukulangara Jaison, Joseph Kadanthottu Sebastian
Abstract The antioxidant and photocatalytic activity of Artemisia stelleriana-based silver nanoparticles (AS-AgNPs) was investigated in this study. Microscopic, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies were used to characterize the synthesized AS-AgNPs. UV–visible spectrophotometric examination revealed a peak at 425 nm. The phytocompounds involved in the transformation of silver ions into AS-AgNPs were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The crystalline nature of the AS-AgNPs was verified using the X-ray powder diffraction technique. Spherical-shaped AS-AgNPs with a size of 22.7 nm were proved using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The AS-AgNPs were top-notch photocatalysts for the degradation of Reactive Blue-222A (RB-222A) and Reactive Blue-220 (RB-220) dyes. After 80 min of UV light exposure, AS-AgNPs degraded RB-222A and RB-220 dyes by 94.6 and 90.8%, respectively. The phytotoxicity investigation in Vigna radiata and Artemia salina indicated that the hazardous dye can be degraded into innocuous chemicals by AS-AgNPs. The results suggest that AS-AgNPs are an excellent antioxidant and photocatalyst for the degradation of synthetic dyes.
摘要本文研究了青蒿基银纳米粒子(AS-AgNPs)的抗氧化和光催化活性。采用显微、x射线衍射和光谱学研究对合成的AS-AgNPs进行了表征。紫外可见分光光度法在425 nm处发现一个峰。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析确定了参与银离子转化为AS-AgNPs的植物化合物。利用x射线粉末衍射技术验证了AS-AgNPs的结晶性质。利用场发射扫描电镜证实了尺寸为22.7 nm的球形AS-AgNPs。AS-AgNPs是降解活性蓝- 222a (RB-222A)和活性蓝-220 (RB-220)染料的最佳光催化剂。紫外线照射80 min后,AS-AgNPs对RB-222A和RB-220染料的降解率分别为94.6%和90.8%。植物毒性研究表明,AS-AgNPs可将有害染料降解为无害化学物质。结果表明,AS-AgNPs是一种优良的抗氧化剂和降解合成染料的光催化剂。
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引用次数: 0
Variability and trend detection of water discharge over the past 60 years in the Vietnamese Hieu River Basin 越南孝河流域近60年水量变化及趋势检测
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.179
Tran Tuan Thach
Abstract This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the variability and trend detection of water discharge in the Hieu River Basin over the period from 1/1/1961 to 31/12/2020. Firstly, the wavelet analysis is implemented to investigate the flow variability at different time scales. Using time series of daily flow at Quy Chau and Nghia Khanh, the periodicities of flow are examined, showing that periodic oscillations in flow mainly occurred at 1 year, from 2 to 4 years, and from 4 to 8 years. Secondly, discharge variability is investigated, revealing an increase from January to September (excluding June) and a decrease from October to December. At Quy Chau, flow increased seasonally and annually by 0.19 and 0.06 m3/s, respectively, while its values at Nghia Khanh decreased of up to −0.50 m3/s. Thirdly, temporal trends of flow are assessed using Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope estimator, and sequential Mann–Kendall test. Results show flow decreases during 1961–1969, 1973–1976, and 1996–2020 and increases in 1969–1973 and 1976–1996. Temporal patterns of flow at Quy Chau and Nghia Khanh demonstrated synchronization across different time scales. Relationship between flow and rainfall is discussed to investigate insights into their relationship.
摘要本文对1961年1月1日至2020年12月31日孝河流域水量变化特征进行了深入分析和趋势检测。首先,利用小波分析研究了不同时间尺度下的流量变化。利用桂洲和义庆的日流量时间序列,分析了流量的周期性,发现流量的周期振荡主要发生在1年、2 ~ 4年和4 ~ 8年。其次,对流量变异性进行了调查,发现1 - 9月(不包括6月)流量增加,10 - 12月流量减少。在桂洲,季节和年流量分别增加了0.19和0.06 m3/s,而在庆庆,流量减少了- 0.50 m3/s。第三,利用Mann-Kendall和Sen's斜率估计和序贯Mann-Kendall检验评估了流量的时间趋势。结果表明:1961 ~ 1969年、1973 ~ 1976年和1996 ~ 2020年3个季节流量呈下降趋势,1969 ~ 1973年和1976 ~ 1996年3个季节流量呈上升趋势。鸡洲和清庆的水流时间格局在不同的时间尺度上表现出同步。讨论了流量与降雨之间的关系,探讨了它们之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Delineation of groundwater potential zones using electrical resistivity technique in Obudu basement terrain of Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria 利用电阻率技术在尼日利亚东南部克罗斯河州Obudu基底地形圈定地下水电位带
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.174
Ebong Dickson Ebong, Chimezie N. Emeka, Oualid Melouah, Rose Ullah, Anthony Ita, Jamal Asfahani
Abstract Groundwater exploration in basement terrain can be somewhat challenging. Aquifer parameters like hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity can help in predicting groundwater potential zones in basement terrains. The vertical electrical sounding investigation that involved the Schlumberger configuration was employed to map the subsurface layers within the crystalline basement of the Obudu Complex, southeastern Nigeria. Secondary electrical resistivity data (Dar Zarrouk parameters) and a few pumping test-derived hydraulic parameters (i.e., transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were employed to develop empirical models. These models were used to predict hydraulic parameters at locations where only geoelectrical parameters (i.e., aquifer layer thickness and electrical resistivity) exist. Results showed that the northeastern part of the study area and areas located within zones of major faults displayed relatively higher values of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. The study area was classified into good, moderate, and poor groundwater potential aquifer zones. This integrated approach can be adopted in other areas with similar geology, where pumping test information is scarce or limited, as an alternative means of predicting aquifer properties and delineating groundwater potential zones for sustainable development and management of groundwater resources.
摘要地下地下水勘探具有一定的挑战性。含水层参数,如水力传导率和透水率,可以帮助预测地下水潜在带在地下室地形。采用斯伦贝谢配置的垂直电测深技术,绘制了尼日利亚东南部Obudu Complex结晶基底的地下层图。利用二次电阻率数据(Dar Zarrouk参数)和一些泵送试验得出的水力参数(即透射率和导电性)建立经验模型。这些模型用于预测只有地电参数(即含水层厚度和电阻率)存在的位置的水力参数。结果表明,研究区东北部和主要断裂带内的地区的水力导水率和透水率相对较高。将研究区划分为地下水潜力良好、中等和差3个含水层。这种综合方法可以在具有类似地质条件的其他地区采用,在这些地区,抽水试验信息很少或有限,作为预测含水层性质和划定地下水潜在带的替代方法,以促进地下水资源的可持续发展和管理。
{"title":"Delineation of groundwater potential zones using electrical resistivity technique in Obudu basement terrain of Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"Ebong Dickson Ebong, Chimezie N. Emeka, Oualid Melouah, Rose Ullah, Anthony Ita, Jamal Asfahani","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.174","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Groundwater exploration in basement terrain can be somewhat challenging. Aquifer parameters like hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity can help in predicting groundwater potential zones in basement terrains. The vertical electrical sounding investigation that involved the Schlumberger configuration was employed to map the subsurface layers within the crystalline basement of the Obudu Complex, southeastern Nigeria. Secondary electrical resistivity data (Dar Zarrouk parameters) and a few pumping test-derived hydraulic parameters (i.e., transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were employed to develop empirical models. These models were used to predict hydraulic parameters at locations where only geoelectrical parameters (i.e., aquifer layer thickness and electrical resistivity) exist. Results showed that the northeastern part of the study area and areas located within zones of major faults displayed relatively higher values of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. The study area was classified into good, moderate, and poor groundwater potential aquifer zones. This integrated approach can be adopted in other areas with similar geology, where pumping test information is scarce or limited, as an alternative means of predicting aquifer properties and delineating groundwater potential zones for sustainable development and management of groundwater resources.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India 应用水质指数和地质统计方法分析高山湖泊的人为影响和集水区特征:以印度东锡金为例
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.172
Nilabhra Auddy, Rupa Sinha, Santasmita Das Bhattacharya, Krishnendu Kumar Pobi, Subhankar Dutta, Sumanta Nayek
Abstract Water quality, pollution level, and trophic conditions were assessed in Aritar Lake located in the Himalayas in East Sikkim, India, in relation to geo-environmental influences and anthropogenic activity in its catchment. A comprehensive method involving indexing and multivariate analyses was used. Geostatistical tools were employed to interpolate seasonal and spatial deviations in water quality, and nutrient and organic load distribution. Lake water nutrient index (NI) values were between 4.61 and 7.31, and 2.65 and 4.69 during pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, indicating significant nutrient enrichment and eutrophic conditions. For both seasons, the estimated organic pollution index (OPI) showed class II contamination (contamination starting), with post-monsoon values being higher. The study shows clear signs of eutrophication and early organic pollution. Effective management plans and sustainable tourism practices may benefit the lake, by reducing contamination and protecting the integrity of its ecosystem.
摘要对印度东锡金喜马拉雅地区阿里塔尔湖的水质、污染水平和营养状况进行了评价,并对其流域的地质环境影响和人为活动进行了分析。采用了包括索引和多变量分析在内的综合方法。利用地质统计工具插值水质、养分和有机负荷分布的季节和空间偏差。季风前季和季风后季湖泊水体营养指数(NI)分别在4.61 ~ 7.31和2.65 ~ 4.69之间,显示出明显的营养富集和富营养化状况。在两个季节,估计的有机污染指数(OPI)都显示为II级污染(污染开始),季风后的值更高。该研究显示了富营养化和早期有机污染的明显迹象。有效的管理计划和可持续的旅游实践可以通过减少污染和保护其生态系统的完整性来造福湖泊。
{"title":"Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India","authors":"Nilabhra Auddy, Rupa Sinha, Santasmita Das Bhattacharya, Krishnendu Kumar Pobi, Subhankar Dutta, Sumanta Nayek","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Water quality, pollution level, and trophic conditions were assessed in Aritar Lake located in the Himalayas in East Sikkim, India, in relation to geo-environmental influences and anthropogenic activity in its catchment. A comprehensive method involving indexing and multivariate analyses was used. Geostatistical tools were employed to interpolate seasonal and spatial deviations in water quality, and nutrient and organic load distribution. Lake water nutrient index (NI) values were between 4.61 and 7.31, and 2.65 and 4.69 during pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, indicating significant nutrient enrichment and eutrophic conditions. For both seasons, the estimated organic pollution index (OPI) showed class II contamination (contamination starting), with post-monsoon values being higher. The study shows clear signs of eutrophication and early organic pollution. Effective management plans and sustainable tourism practices may benefit the lake, by reducing contamination and protecting the integrity of its ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Water quality simulation using the WASP model for eutrophication control in a South Indian Reservoir 利用WASP模型进行南印度水库富营养化控制的水质模拟
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.173
Deepa Varsa K. C., Abdul Wahid Abdul Rahiman, ArunBabu E., Antony Kishoare J., Priyadharshini N.
Abstract The study focused on analysing the eutrophication indicators of the Krishnagiri Reservoir Project (KRP) using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). The reservoir was divided into six segments to simulate the indicators, and field measurements from 2015 to 2018 were used to calibrate the model while 2019 to 2022 were used to validate it. The results showed that the model predictions were in good agreement with the measured values, indicating the reliability of the model. The study assessed the impact of nutrient loads on dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and chlorophyll-a. Four nutrient loading scenarios were simulated, and the most effective scenario (Scenario 4) involved a 75% reduction in nutrient load, which increased the reaeration rate by 1.47% and decreased chlorophyll-a concentrations by 88%. The study concluded that maintaining nitrates below 2.5 mg/L and phosphates below 0.75 mg/L could help restore the KRP reservoir's trophic status from hypereutrophic to mesotrophic. Overall, the study demonstrated the use of the WASP model in developing nutrient loading scenarios to manage reservoir water quality effectively. The findings could help policymakers and managers make informed decisions about reducing nutrient loads and restoring the trophic status of eutrophicated reservoirs.
摘要利用水质分析模拟程序(WASP)对Krishnagiri水库工程(KRP)的富营养化指标进行了分析。将储层划分为6段进行指标模拟,利用2015 - 2018年的现场测量数据对模型进行校准,并利用2019 - 2022年的现场测量数据对模型进行验证。结果表明,模型预测值与实测值吻合较好,表明了模型的可靠性。该研究评估了养分负荷对溶解氧、硝酸盐、磷酸盐和叶绿素-a的影响。模拟了4种养分负荷情景,其中最有效的情景(情景4)是养分负荷减少75%,使再循环速率提高1.47%,叶绿素a浓度降低88%。研究结果表明,维持2.5 mg/L以下的硝酸盐和0.75 mg/L以下的磷酸盐有助于将KRP水库的营养状态从富营养化恢复到中营养化。总体而言,该研究证明了WASP模型在开发养分负荷情景中的应用,可以有效地管理水库水质。这些发现可以帮助决策者和管理者做出明智的决定,减少营养负荷,恢复富营养化水库的营养状态。
{"title":"Water quality simulation using the WASP model for eutrophication control in a South Indian Reservoir","authors":"Deepa Varsa K. C., Abdul Wahid Abdul Rahiman, ArunBabu E., Antony Kishoare J., Priyadharshini N.","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study focused on analysing the eutrophication indicators of the Krishnagiri Reservoir Project (KRP) using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). The reservoir was divided into six segments to simulate the indicators, and field measurements from 2015 to 2018 were used to calibrate the model while 2019 to 2022 were used to validate it. The results showed that the model predictions were in good agreement with the measured values, indicating the reliability of the model. The study assessed the impact of nutrient loads on dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and chlorophyll-a. Four nutrient loading scenarios were simulated, and the most effective scenario (Scenario 4) involved a 75% reduction in nutrient load, which increased the reaeration rate by 1.47% and decreased chlorophyll-a concentrations by 88%. The study concluded that maintaining nitrates below 2.5 mg/L and phosphates below 0.75 mg/L could help restore the KRP reservoir's trophic status from hypereutrophic to mesotrophic. Overall, the study demonstrated the use of the WASP model in developing nutrient loading scenarios to manage reservoir water quality effectively. The findings could help policymakers and managers make informed decisions about reducing nutrient loads and restoring the trophic status of eutrophicated reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sequestration of Pb2+ from aqueous solution using bio-based-alkaline modified sorbent from waste Irvingia gabonensis seed husk 用生物基碱性改性吸附剂对废加蓬树壳中Pb2+的吸附研究
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.170
Hillary Onyeka Abugu, Ogechi L. Alum, Janefrances N. Ihedioha, Arinze L. Ezugwu, Ifeanyi A. Ucheana, Ibeabuchi J. Ali, Samson I. Eze
Abstract The unmodified and modified Irvingia gabonensis (IG) were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental conditions revealed the optimum adsorption efficiency was achieved at pH 6 within 30 min. FTIR spectra showed an observable shift in peaks attributed to the pretreatment with NaOH that necessitated the breakdown of the organic compounds. It was established from the SEM image under different magnifications that the surface morphology of the biosorbent consists of heterogeneous layers and pore cavities which acted as potential sites for Pb2+ adsorption. However, there was a considerable increase in the BET surface area, pore size, and pore width on the modified biosorbent compared to the unmodified biosorbent though this did not translate into higher adsorption capacity. The experimental data were best fitted with the Temkim isotherm model suggesting heterogeneous uptake of Pb2+ onto the base-modified Irvingia gabonensis seed husk. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2.58 mg/g and the kinetic model is best described with the pseudo-second-order reaction suggesting a chemical adsorption mechanism. The two error functions (HYBRID and MPSD) suggested the pseudo-second-order reaction mechanism in the adsorption of Pb2+ onto the base-modified Irvingia gabonensis.
摘要采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)、x射线衍射(XRD)、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒(BET)、热重分析仪(TGA)和扫描电镜(SEM)对未修饰和修饰的加蓬山杉(IG)进行了表征。实验条件表明,在pH为6的条件下,30 min内达到最佳吸附效率。FTIR光谱显示,由于NaOH预处理导致有机化合物的分解,可见峰的移位。从不同放大倍数下的扫描电镜图像可以看出,生物吸附剂的表面形貌由非均匀层和孔洞组成,孔洞是Pb2+吸附的潜在位点。然而,与未改性的生物吸附剂相比,改性后的生物吸附剂的BET表面积、孔径和孔径都有较大的增加,但这并没有转化为更高的吸附能力。实验数据最符合Temkim等温线模型,表明Pb2+在碱基修饰的加蓬树种子壳上的异质吸收。最大吸附量为2.58 mg/g,动力学模型用拟二级反应描述,表明吸附机理为化学吸附。两个误差函数(HYBRID和MPSD)表明,碱基修饰的加蓬树吸附Pb2+的准二级反应机制。
{"title":"Sequestration of Pb2+ from aqueous solution using bio-based-alkaline modified sorbent from waste <i>Irvingia gabonensis</i> seed husk","authors":"Hillary Onyeka Abugu, Ogechi L. Alum, Janefrances N. Ihedioha, Arinze L. Ezugwu, Ifeanyi A. Ucheana, Ibeabuchi J. Ali, Samson I. Eze","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The unmodified and modified Irvingia gabonensis (IG) were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental conditions revealed the optimum adsorption efficiency was achieved at pH 6 within 30 min. FTIR spectra showed an observable shift in peaks attributed to the pretreatment with NaOH that necessitated the breakdown of the organic compounds. It was established from the SEM image under different magnifications that the surface morphology of the biosorbent consists of heterogeneous layers and pore cavities which acted as potential sites for Pb2+ adsorption. However, there was a considerable increase in the BET surface area, pore size, and pore width on the modified biosorbent compared to the unmodified biosorbent though this did not translate into higher adsorption capacity. The experimental data were best fitted with the Temkim isotherm model suggesting heterogeneous uptake of Pb2+ onto the base-modified Irvingia gabonensis seed husk. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2.58 mg/g and the kinetic model is best described with the pseudo-second-order reaction suggesting a chemical adsorption mechanism. The two error functions (HYBRID and MPSD) suggested the pseudo-second-order reaction mechanism in the adsorption of Pb2+ onto the base-modified Irvingia gabonensis.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Situational and sustainability assessment of irrigation systems to Nepal from the Koshi Barrage 科希拦河坝对尼泊尔灌溉系统的情况和可持续性评估
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.2166/wpt.2023.171
Dipesh Singh, Prakash Gaudel, Dharma Raj Bagale
Abstract The Koshi Barrage was constructed in the Nepalese territory as per the Kosi Agreement signed between Nepal and India in 1954 and amended in 1966. Two irrigation systems, viz. the Koshi Distributary System and the Koshi Pump Lift Irrigation System, starting off from the Koshi Western Main Canal in India, are irrigating 11,300 and 13,180 ha of land in the Saptari District of Nepal, respectively. The average annual amount of water available in the Koshi Pump System and Koshi Distributary System is found to be 60.28 and 136.97 million cubic meters (MCM), respectively. The existing cropping intensity of these two systems is 170 and 190%, respectively. The sustainability of these irrigation systems was assessed using the Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA). The Koshi Pump Irrigation System is found to be a Sustained but At-Risk Project, whereas the Koshi Distributary Irrigation System is found to be a Not Sustained Project. Furthermore, the study concluded that these irrigation systems have low crop productivity and the conditions of the existing infrastructures are poor.
根据尼泊尔与印度于1954年签署并于1966年修订的《戈西协定》,在尼泊尔境内修建了戈西拦河坝。两个灌溉系统,即Koshi分流系统和Koshi水泵提升灌溉系统,从印度的Koshi西部主运河开始,分别灌溉尼泊尔Saptari地区的11,300和13,180公顷土地。Koshi水泵系统和Koshi分流系统的年平均可用水量分别为6028和13697万立方米(MCM)。两种制度的现有种植强度分别为170%和190%。使用多标准分析(MCA)对这些灌溉系统的可持续性进行了评估。Koshi水泵灌溉系统被认为是一个持续但有风险的项目,而Koshi分流灌溉系统被认为是一个不可持续的项目。此外,该研究得出结论,这些灌溉系统的作物生产力较低,现有基础设施的条件也很差。
{"title":"Situational and sustainability assessment of irrigation systems to Nepal from the Koshi Barrage","authors":"Dipesh Singh, Prakash Gaudel, Dharma Raj Bagale","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2023.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.171","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Koshi Barrage was constructed in the Nepalese territory as per the Kosi Agreement signed between Nepal and India in 1954 and amended in 1966. Two irrigation systems, viz. the Koshi Distributary System and the Koshi Pump Lift Irrigation System, starting off from the Koshi Western Main Canal in India, are irrigating 11,300 and 13,180 ha of land in the Saptari District of Nepal, respectively. The average annual amount of water available in the Koshi Pump System and Koshi Distributary System is found to be 60.28 and 136.97 million cubic meters (MCM), respectively. The existing cropping intensity of these two systems is 170 and 190%, respectively. The sustainability of these irrigation systems was assessed using the Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA). The Koshi Pump Irrigation System is found to be a Sustained but At-Risk Project, whereas the Koshi Distributary Irrigation System is found to be a Not Sustained Project. Furthermore, the study concluded that these irrigation systems have low crop productivity and the conditions of the existing infrastructures are poor.","PeriodicalId":23794,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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