Sertaconazole nitrate is a third generation synthetic broad-spectrum, benzothiophene imidazole antifungal agent. A new microbiological method was developed for analysis of sertaconazole tablets using candida Albicans as test microorganism. The diffusion assay method was optimized by using different media, organisms and conditions. Prospective validation of the method showed adequate linearity (r = 0.9964), precision (% RSD<2%) and accuracy (mean recovery = 98.26%). Highperformance liquid chromatography was chosen as a comparison method for voriconazole determination. Results of both the microbiological and HPLC methods were compared with student ttest and the contents of voriconazole determined by both methods, showed a strong correlation. Highperformance liquid chromatography was chosen as a comparison method. Results of both the microbiological and HPLC methods were compared with student t-test and the contents of sertaconazole determined by both methods showed a strong correlation. The microbiological analytical method which was developed gives true indication of biological activity and can be used for routine quality control analysis of sertaconazole nitrate in dosage forms. Key words: Sertaconazole nitrate, t-test, Candida albicans, Diffusion method, HPLC, Method validation.
{"title":"MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SERTACONAZOLE NITRATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS","authors":"N. Raghavendra Babu","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/91","url":null,"abstract":"Sertaconazole nitrate is a third generation synthetic broad-spectrum, benzothiophene imidazole antifungal agent. A new microbiological method was developed for analysis of sertaconazole tablets using candida Albicans as test microorganism. The diffusion assay method was optimized by using different media, organisms and conditions. Prospective validation of the method showed adequate linearity (r = 0.9964), precision (% RSD<2%) and accuracy (mean recovery = 98.26%). Highperformance liquid chromatography was chosen as a comparison method for voriconazole determination. Results of both the microbiological and HPLC methods were compared with student ttest and the contents of voriconazole determined by both methods, showed a strong correlation. Highperformance liquid chromatography was chosen as a comparison method. Results of both the microbiological and HPLC methods were compared with student t-test and the contents of sertaconazole determined by both methods showed a strong correlation. The microbiological analytical method which was developed gives true indication of biological activity and can be used for routine quality control analysis of sertaconazole nitrate in dosage forms. Key words: Sertaconazole nitrate, t-test, Candida albicans, Diffusion method, HPLC, Method validation.","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90569800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Shana, N. Priyadharshini Jayadurga, Pratiba K R, P. R
Music genre classification is the fundamental step involved in building a strong recommendation system. If music classification has to be carried out manually, then one has to listen to numerous songs and then select the genre. This process is not only time-consuming, it is quite a tedious task. The music industry has seen an excellent flow of latest channels to browse and distribute music. This doesn't return without drawbacks. With the increase in data, manual curation has become a difficult task. Audio files have a plethora of features that could be used to make parts of this process a lot easier. Advancements in technology have made it possible to extract the features of audio files. However, the most effective way to handle these for various tasks is unknown. This paper compared the two deep learning models of convolutional neural networks namely Alex-net and Res-net for the purpose of music genre classification using mel-spectrogram images for training. These aforementioned models were tested on GTZAN datasets. It was found that the results showed 56.0% accuracy for the res-net model which was outperformed by alex-net with an accuracy of 80.5%. Keywords: GTZAN Dataset, Alex-net, Res-net, Convolutional Neural Network
{"title":"JUXTAPOSITION BETWEEN TWO CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR MUSIC GENRE CLASSIFICATION","authors":"J. Shana, N. Priyadharshini Jayadurga, Pratiba K R, P. R","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/89","url":null,"abstract":"Music genre classification is the fundamental step involved in building a strong recommendation system. If music classification has to be carried out manually, then one has to listen to numerous songs and then select the genre. This process is not only time-consuming, it is quite a tedious task. The music industry has seen an excellent flow of latest channels to browse and distribute music. This doesn't return without drawbacks. With the increase in data, manual curation has become a difficult task. Audio files have a plethora of features that could be used to make parts of this process a lot easier. Advancements in technology have made it possible to extract the features of audio files. However, the most effective way to handle these for various tasks is unknown. This paper compared the two deep learning models of convolutional neural networks namely Alex-net and Res-net for the purpose of music genre classification using mel-spectrogram images for training. These aforementioned models were tested on GTZAN datasets. It was found that the results showed 56.0% accuracy for the res-net model which was outperformed by alex-net with an accuracy of 80.5%. Keywords: GTZAN Dataset, Alex-net, Res-net, Convolutional Neural Network","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78695085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electromigration in chip level interconnect is commonly described by atomic drift due to electron-wind force that arises from electron-ion momentum transfer. As an alternative to this model, in early 1980’s, Sah proposed a two dimensional analytical ‘void-surface bond-breaking’ model by dropping the atomic drift term that resulted from electron-wind force (in his book ‘Fundamentals of Solid-State Electronics’) and the rate of change of area of void is computed. Due to the continuous down scaling and evolution of interconnect patterning technologies, the void growth process in modern interconnect becomes more complex and electromigration failures are found to be catastrophic in nature instead of gradual type failures observed in early days. In this work, Sah’s model is revisited from the perspective of its applicability to modern submicron copper interconnects. The electromigration-induced resistance change behavior is analytically derived considering a three-dimensional atomic drift-less model. A good correlation between the findings of our model with experimental observations is presented. Keywords: Analytical model, Copper, Drift-less, Electromigration, Resistance change, Time to failure
{"title":"Atomic drift-less electromigration model for submicron copper interconnects","authors":"A. Adhikari, A. Roy, C. Tan","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/94","url":null,"abstract":"Electromigration in chip level interconnect is commonly described by atomic drift due to electron-wind force that arises from electron-ion momentum transfer. As an alternative to this model, in early 1980’s, Sah proposed a two dimensional analytical ‘void-surface bond-breaking’ model by dropping the atomic drift term that resulted from electron-wind force (in his book ‘Fundamentals of Solid-State Electronics’) and the rate of change of area of void is computed. Due to the continuous down scaling and evolution of interconnect patterning technologies, the void growth process in modern interconnect becomes more complex and electromigration failures are found to be catastrophic in nature instead of gradual type failures observed in early days. In this work, Sah’s model is revisited from the perspective of its applicability to modern submicron copper interconnects. The electromigration-induced resistance change behavior is analytically derived considering a three-dimensional atomic drift-less model. A good correlation between the findings of our model with experimental observations is presented. Keywords: Analytical model, Copper, Drift-less, Electromigration, Resistance change, Time to failure","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84316074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodegradable based ternary blends has good antimicrobial properties and it has been verified against gram / negative E. coli, Pseudomonas sp. aeruoginosa, and gram-positive Staphylococcus sp. S. aureus bacteria. The comparison of binary and ternary blended reveals that more inhibition zone efficiency is found for ternary blended. Chitosan/nylon 6/clay (1:1:2), (2:1:1) and (1:2:1) respectively were reported. The binary blends inhibition zone chitosan/clay (2:1) recorded the maximum zone of inhibition in comparison with the standard chloramphenicol against E. coli (39 mm), Pseudomonas sp. aeuroginosa (36 mm), followed by S.aureus (22 mm). Most of the polymer blends showed higher inhibitory activity against Gram-negative strains than the Gram-positive bacteria. The antifungal activity of the chitosan polymer blends is seen and this activity is more pronounced against fungi. The inhibition was stronger in the order of chitosan/nylon 6/clay (2:1:1) followed by Chitosan/nylon 6/clay (1:1:1) and (1:1:2) against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and candida tropicalis. A higher inhibitory zone was recorded against Aspergillus niger (36 mm), Candida albicans (33 mm), and Candida tropicalis (36 mm) by chitosan/clay (2:1:1) when compared with standard amphoterecin B. Meanwhile Chitosan/nylon 6/clay (1:2:1) showed less activity. The present study is aimed to fetch the knowledge about the antimicrobial properties of biodegradable polymer based ternary blends in detail. Keywords: Chitosan; Nylon 6; Clay; Antimicrobial activity; Antifungal activity
{"title":"Antimicrobial properties of biodegradable polymer based ternary blend for wastewater treatment","authors":"N. Prakash","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/93","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable based ternary blends has good antimicrobial properties and it has been verified against gram / negative E. coli, Pseudomonas sp. aeruoginosa, and gram-positive Staphylococcus sp. S. aureus bacteria. The comparison of binary and ternary blended reveals that more inhibition zone efficiency is found for ternary blended. Chitosan/nylon 6/clay (1:1:2), (2:1:1) and (1:2:1) respectively were reported. The binary blends inhibition zone chitosan/clay (2:1) recorded the maximum zone of inhibition in comparison with the standard chloramphenicol against E. coli (39 mm), Pseudomonas sp. aeuroginosa (36 mm), followed by S.aureus (22 mm). Most of the polymer blends showed higher inhibitory activity against Gram-negative strains than the Gram-positive bacteria. The antifungal activity of the chitosan polymer blends is seen and this activity is more pronounced against fungi. The inhibition was stronger in the order of chitosan/nylon 6/clay (2:1:1) followed by Chitosan/nylon 6/clay (1:1:1) and (1:1:2) against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and candida tropicalis. A higher inhibitory zone was recorded against Aspergillus niger (36 mm), Candida albicans (33 mm), and Candida tropicalis (36 mm) by chitosan/clay (2:1:1) when compared with standard amphoterecin B. Meanwhile Chitosan/nylon 6/clay (1:2:1) showed less activity. The present study is aimed to fetch the knowledge about the antimicrobial properties of biodegradable polymer based ternary blends in detail. Keywords: Chitosan; Nylon 6; Clay; Antimicrobial activity; Antifungal activity","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89886147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leptocoris augur is a pest of kusum plant (Schleichera oleosa), which in turn is a host of lac insect. The bug is parasitized by a mermithid nematode, Hexamermis vishwakarma, which naturally checks rapid built-up of bug population. In the present studies free fatty acids content in different tissue such as gonads (i.e., testes and ovaries), muscles and haemolymph of parasitized bugs, L. augur have been studied. H. vishwakarma not only utilize fat body proteins but also the lipid content of the fat as a result of which fat bodies disappears from the haemolymph of L. augur. The fatty acid composition of the host haemolymph is not significantly changed by H. vishwakarma parasitism in L. augur of both the sexes. H. vishwakarma Dhiman takes nutrition from the haemolymph and muscles of insect body cavity Dhiman and Singh [3]. Availability of free fatty acids in the haemolymph of host bug help the parasitoid to establish in the haemocoel. After establishment, the parasitoid induces changes in the availability of biochemicals and composition of haemolymph, by the secretion of enzymes. The parasitoid’s enzymes cause degeneration or dissolution of muscles, adipose tissues, testes as well as ovaries and the material of these organs is made available to the parasitoid. Hence, parasitoid grows at the expense of host tissues. Keywords: Leptocoris augur, Hexamermis vishwakarma, Haemolymph, Free fatty acids, Parasitoid
{"title":"Free fatty acids in some tissue of parasitized bug, Leptocoris augur Fabr., a pest of Kusum tree, Schleichera oleosa Lour.","authors":"Dr Kumkum","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/95","url":null,"abstract":"Leptocoris augur is a pest of kusum plant (Schleichera oleosa), which in turn is a host of lac insect. The bug is parasitized by a mermithid nematode, Hexamermis vishwakarma, which naturally checks rapid built-up of bug population. In the present studies free fatty acids content in different tissue such as gonads (i.e., testes and ovaries), muscles and haemolymph of parasitized bugs, L. augur have been studied. H. vishwakarma not only utilize fat body proteins but also the lipid content of the fat as a result of which fat bodies disappears from the haemolymph of L. augur. The fatty acid composition of the host haemolymph is not significantly changed by H. vishwakarma parasitism in L. augur of both the sexes. H. vishwakarma Dhiman takes nutrition from the haemolymph and muscles of insect body cavity Dhiman and Singh [3]. Availability of free fatty acids in the haemolymph of host bug help the parasitoid to establish in the haemocoel. After establishment, the parasitoid induces changes in the availability of biochemicals and composition of haemolymph, by the secretion of enzymes. The parasitoid’s enzymes cause degeneration or dissolution of muscles, adipose tissues, testes as well as ovaries and the material of these organs is made available to the parasitoid. Hence, parasitoid grows at the expense of host tissues. Keywords: Leptocoris augur, Hexamermis vishwakarma, Haemolymph, Free fatty acids, Parasitoid","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74016653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Machine learning is the ability of machines to learn from past experiences using historical data (supervised and semisupervised cases) to solve a given problem. Machines make decisions using Artificial Intelligence (past experiences). Companies adequately understand that increasing business efficiency and employee productivity are of supreme importance to thriving in a highly competitive digital environment. Any process can be automated as long as there is a clear operating procedure available. In today’s time, almost every sector is automating things to minimise cost and improve reliability. So, we need something that will resolve this. In this paper, we will study the many good and bad impacts of artificial intelligence, robotics, and automation on employment. We will also discuss some ideas to minimise the bad impact and maximise the good impact in the related fields
{"title":"Impact of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation on Employment","authors":"Ravi Kumar, Vikky Kumar, C. Kumar","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/92","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning is the ability of machines to learn from past experiences using historical data (supervised and semisupervised cases) to solve a given problem. Machines make decisions using Artificial Intelligence (past experiences). Companies adequately understand that increasing business efficiency and employee productivity are of supreme importance to thriving in a highly competitive digital environment. Any process can be automated as long as there is a clear operating procedure available. In today’s time, almost every sector is automating things to minimise cost and improve reliability. So, we need something that will resolve this. In this paper, we will study the many good and bad impacts of artificial intelligence, robotics, and automation on employment. We will also discuss some ideas to minimise the bad impact and maximise the good impact in the related fields","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"1115 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91444311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ushirasava is the polyherbal hydroalcoholic product prepared from about 27 ingredients. It is a liquid preparation popularly used for bleeding disorders, skin diseases, diabetes and many more. Due to the cooling properties of Ushirasava, it is widely used in the diseases where excessive heat occurs in the body. This study aimed to standardize and evaluate some marketed formulations of Ushirasava with special reference to its physicochemical properties. The organoleptic and physicochemical properties of Ushirasava were standardized with reference to the protocol of testing Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani medicines. The results were further compared with specifications given in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The results of this study serve a reference tool for standardizing and evaluating formulations of Ushirasava. Keywords: Standardization, Physicochemical, Organoleptic, Fermentation, Bioefficacy
{"title":"A brief study on standardization and evaluation of ayurvedic preparations of Ushirasava","authors":"Sukriti Upadhyay, B. Kumar","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/90","url":null,"abstract":"Ushirasava is the polyherbal hydroalcoholic product prepared from about 27 ingredients. It is a liquid preparation popularly used for bleeding disorders, skin diseases, diabetes and many more. Due to the cooling properties of Ushirasava, it is widely used in the diseases where excessive heat occurs in the body. This study aimed to standardize and evaluate some marketed formulations of Ushirasava with special reference to its physicochemical properties. The organoleptic and physicochemical properties of Ushirasava were standardized with reference to the protocol of testing Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani medicines. The results were further compared with specifications given in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The results of this study serve a reference tool for standardizing and evaluating formulations of Ushirasava. Keywords: Standardization, Physicochemical, Organoleptic, Fermentation, Bioefficacy","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73401430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Women entrepreneurs are the women who initiate a business, gather all resources, take risks, face challenges, provide employment to others, and manage the business independently. "Women Entrepreneurship” means an act of business ownership and business creation that empowers women economically in a position in society. Women entrepreneurship provides effective framework for sustainable development of the country. It helps in sustainable revitalization of GDP of a country by generating the employment. Women Entrepreneurship needs to be encouraged, prompted and supplemented by the benefit of the aggregate economy of the country. In this study, the researcher attempted to examine challenges faced and support received by the women entrepreneur during project stage in the district of Udupi. The research paper is based on the primary data. The collected data is analysed using Simple Percentage Method, Ranking Method. The study found that very few women entrepreneurs have professional qualification and have received formal training. Furthermore, most women were housewives prior to entering the business and lacked practical experience. The majority of women entrepreneurs have experienced difficulties with finance, meeting regulatory standards, and technical difficulties, including project reports, and have benefited from support from family members, particularly spouses. Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Challenges, Support, Start-up Problems, Project Planning
{"title":"Challenges and Support during Project Stage: A Case Study of Women Entrepreneurs of Udupi District","authors":"A. S. Shiralashetti, Lata Poojari","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/a0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/a0","url":null,"abstract":"Women entrepreneurs are the women who initiate a business, gather all resources, take risks, face challenges, provide employment to others, and manage the business independently. \"Women Entrepreneurship” means an act of business ownership and business creation that empowers women economically in a position in society. Women entrepreneurship provides effective framework for sustainable development of the country. It helps in sustainable revitalization of GDP of a country by generating the employment. Women Entrepreneurship needs to be encouraged, prompted and supplemented by the benefit of the aggregate economy of the country. In this study, the researcher attempted to examine challenges faced and support received by the women entrepreneur during project stage in the district of Udupi. The research paper is based on the primary data. The collected data is analysed using Simple Percentage Method, Ranking Method. The study found that very few women entrepreneurs have professional qualification and have received formal training. Furthermore, most women were housewives prior to entering the business and lacked practical experience. The majority of women entrepreneurs have experienced difficulties with finance, meeting regulatory standards, and technical difficulties, including project reports, and have benefited from support from family members, particularly spouses. Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Challenges, Support, Start-up Problems, Project Planning","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73364256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An image super-resolution is the development of creating a high-resolution image from low-resolution images for better image visualization for several recent applications. In this research paper, we propose DWT-based Image Super Resolution using Segmentation and Edge Detection for better picturing of images. The different kinds of colore images are considered and converted into greyscale images and resized to a uniform size of 166x304. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to get one low-frequency and three high-frequency bands with a size of 83x152. The four bands are fused and dividing each coefficient by two to get Low Resolution (LR) images. Each coefficient of the LR image is inflated into 2x2 coefficients to get High Resolution (HR) image. The HR matrix is segmented into a 3x3 overlapped matrix and an average value is calculated and assigned to the whole HR matrix. The Canny edge detection is used on the original image to get the edge detected image. The pixel values of HR and canny edge detected images are compared and high-value coefficients are considered. The guided filter is applied to the highvalue coefficients matrix to improve the quality of the image by refining the image. The LL band of the DWT matrix is padded with zeros to convert matrix size to 166x304 and Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT) is used on it. The refined and IDWT images are merged by computing the average values to acquire Super Resolution (SR) image. It is noted that the anticipated system results are enhanced compared to current methods. Keywords: DWT, Fusion, Image Processing, Segmentation, Super Resolution
{"title":"DWT based Image Super Resolution using Segmentation and Edge Detection","authors":"P. Kiran, Fathima Jabeen","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/98","url":null,"abstract":"An image super-resolution is the development of creating a high-resolution image from low-resolution images for better image visualization for several recent applications. In this research paper, we propose DWT-based Image Super Resolution using Segmentation and Edge Detection for better picturing of images. The different kinds of colore images are considered and converted into greyscale images and resized to a uniform size of 166x304. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to get one low-frequency and three high-frequency bands with a size of 83x152. The four bands are fused and dividing each coefficient by two to get Low Resolution (LR) images. Each coefficient of the LR image is inflated into 2x2 coefficients to get High Resolution (HR) image. The HR matrix is segmented into a 3x3 overlapped matrix and an average value is calculated and assigned to the whole HR matrix. The Canny edge detection is used on the original image to get the edge detected image. The pixel values of HR and canny edge detected images are compared and high-value coefficients are considered. The guided filter is applied to the highvalue coefficients matrix to improve the quality of the image by refining the image. The LL band of the DWT matrix is padded with zeros to convert matrix size to 166x304 and Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT) is used on it. The refined and IDWT images are merged by computing the average values to acquire Super Resolution (SR) image. It is noted that the anticipated system results are enhanced compared to current methods. Keywords: DWT, Fusion, Image Processing, Segmentation, Super Resolution","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86404800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world, where its economic stability is hugely reliant on its infrastructure and people. In India, 85% of existing buildings are unreinforced masonry (URM) and 5-7% are reinforced concrete and 5-7% are traditional buildings. And most buildings do not qualify to resist earthquakes, technically we can say they would not be able to resist earthquake loads. In the past, we have seen at the time of several earthquakes, we lost millions of lives and the economy of that region. In the Study, we have reviewed various research papers on Seismic Vulnerability and conclude its findings. Keywords: Seismic vulnerability, Existing Building, Vulnerability Assessment
{"title":"Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings: A Review and Comparative Study","authors":"Prabhu Agrawal, S. Jaiswal","doi":"10.37896/ymer21.07/96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/96","url":null,"abstract":"India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world, where its economic stability is hugely reliant on its infrastructure and people. In India, 85% of existing buildings are unreinforced masonry (URM) and 5-7% are reinforced concrete and 5-7% are traditional buildings. And most buildings do not qualify to resist earthquakes, technically we can say they would not be able to resist earthquake loads. In the past, we have seen at the time of several earthquakes, we lost millions of lives and the economy of that region. In the Study, we have reviewed various research papers on Seismic Vulnerability and conclude its findings. Keywords: Seismic vulnerability, Existing Building, Vulnerability Assessment","PeriodicalId":23848,"journal":{"name":"YMER Digital","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86507214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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