Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.103016
J. Doumbe, Khadidja Abdouramani, Daniel Massi Gams, C. M. Ayeah, C. Kenmegne, Y. Mapoure
Background: Data on spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhagic (SICH) are scarce in Africa. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of SICH, describe the clinical profile, aetiology and evaluate the prognosis (fatality case, functional outcome) of patients in a tertiary health care hospital in Cameroon. Methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective cohort which included patients with SICH and followed up for 6 months after stroke. Subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral venous thrombosis with bleeding or bleeding related with ischemic or brain tumour were excluded. Predictive factors were obtained using multiple logistic regression and survival by Kaplan Meier method. Results: The prevalence of SICH was 37% with male predominance (64.0%), a mean age of 55.6 ± 11.8 years. Deep coma was found in 30.3% on admission. The basal ganglion was the most frequent location of haemorrhage (85.1%) while intraventricular blood effusion, mass effect, cerebral oedema and herniation occurred in 31.4%, 25.7%, 8.8% and 5.0% respectively. Hypertension (57.5%) was the most common aetiology. The mean length of hospitalization was 9.0 ± 7.7 days and chest infection (30.7%) was the most frequent complication. The cumulative case fatality rate after 24 hours (day 1), during admission, month 1 and month 3 was 9.6%, 39.9%, 46.0%, 59.8% respectively. On multivariate analysis, GCS -month survival was 37.8%. Conclusion: About one-third of stroke patient were haemorrhagic. Hypertension is the leading CVRF and aetiology of spontaneous ICH. About 1 over 2 patients with SICH would die within 3 months while 50% of survivors would have a poor functional outcome at 6th month.
{"title":"Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Epidemiology, Clinical Profile and Short-Term Outcome in a Tertiary Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"J. Doumbe, Khadidja Abdouramani, Daniel Massi Gams, C. M. Ayeah, C. Kenmegne, Y. Mapoure","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.103016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.103016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Data on spontaneous \u0000intracerebral haemorrhagic (SICH) are scarce in Africa. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of SICH, describe the clinical profile, \u0000aetiology and evaluate the prognosis (fatality case, functional outcome) of \u0000patients in a tertiary health care hospital in Cameroon. Methods: This \u0000was a hospital-based retrospective cohort which included patients with SICH and followed up for 6 months after \u0000stroke. Subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral venous thrombosis with bleeding or \u0000bleeding related with ischemic or brain tumour were excluded. Predictive \u0000factors were obtained using multiple logistic regression and survival by Kaplan \u0000Meier method. Results: The prevalence of SICH was 37% with male \u0000predominance (64.0%), a mean age of 55.6 ± 11.8 years. Deep coma was found in \u000030.3% on admission. The basal ganglion was the most frequent location of \u0000haemorrhage (85.1%) while intraventricular blood effusion, mass effect, \u0000cerebral oedema and herniation occurred in 31.4%, 25.7%, 8.8% and 5.0% \u0000respectively. Hypertension (57.5%) was the most common aetiology. The mean \u0000length of hospitalization was 9.0 ± 7.7 days and chest infection (30.7%) was \u0000the most frequent complication. The cumulative case fatality rate after 24 hours \u0000(day 1), during admission, month 1 and month 3 was 9.6%, 39.9%, 46.0%, 59.8% \u0000respectively. On multivariate analysis, GCS -month survival was 37.8%. Conclusion: About one-third of stroke patient were \u0000haemorrhagic. Hypertension is the leading CVRF and aetiology of spontaneous \u0000ICH. About 1 over 2 patients with SICH would die within 3 months while 50% of \u0000survivors would have a poor functional outcome at 6th month.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"482 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77331951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.103014
Angelika Wolman, Jean-Marie Stève, M. Samor, E. Bouteyre, T. Apostolidis, A. Ahmadi
To date, few studies have investigated the impact of organizational factors such as organizational status or the rank of firefighters on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a terrorist attack. To fill this gap in the scientific literature, this field study aimed to investigate the consequences of terrorist attacks on firefighters’ psychological health in terms of PTSD. Data were collected in France following two terrorist attacks. PTSD was assessed with the PCL-S (DSM-IV) 3 to 6 months after the events. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) with existing PTSD models were inconclusive, leading us to find a two-factor model via an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). A cluster analysis showed different symptom profiles that were influenced by the exposure level. Elements for a structural model explaining PTSD symptoms are proposed and suggest a central role of the exposure level. Firefighters I/II represented an at-risk sub-population, suggesting that PTSD was mainly experienced among those who performed tasks not common to their occupation.
{"title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Mediated by Exposure Level in French Civil Firefighters Following a Terrorist Attack: Some Hypotheses towards a Structural Model","authors":"Angelika Wolman, Jean-Marie Stève, M. Samor, E. Bouteyre, T. Apostolidis, A. Ahmadi","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.103014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.103014","url":null,"abstract":"To date, few studies have investigated the impact of organizational factors such as organizational status or the rank of firefighters on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a terrorist attack. To fill this gap in the scientific literature, this field study aimed to investigate the consequences of terrorist attacks on firefighters’ psychological health in terms of PTSD. Data were collected in France following two terrorist attacks. PTSD was assessed with the PCL-S (DSM-IV) 3 to 6 months after the events. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) with existing PTSD models were inconclusive, leading us to find a two-factor model via an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). A cluster analysis showed different symptom profiles that were influenced by the exposure level. Elements for a structural model explaining PTSD symptoms are proposed and suggest a central role of the exposure level. Firefighters I/II represented an at-risk sub-population, suggesting that PTSD was mainly experienced among those who performed tasks not common to their occupation.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84482388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.103015
H. Tao, Chunru Wang, Jun-Cheng Guo, M. Guo
Comorbidity with PTSD has been studied at home and abroad in follow-up studies following major traumatic events, indexing patients diagnosed with PTSD and investigating rates of comorbidity and other psychiatric disorders. In practical clinical practice, the majority of patients with PTSD are diagnosed with neurosis and depression, but the clinical manifestations and treatment of some of these patients are more complicated and difficult, and it is clinically found that these patients may have comorbidities and other mental disorders. This study in hospitalized patients with neurosis and depression as the main research object, through the investigation found that some patients (36.4%) of comorbid PTSD, just, this part of the patients reported by a traumatic event is not CCMD-3 defined in the “unusual” traumatic event. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that attention should be paid to the collection of patients’ medical history, especially the inquiry of traumatic experiences. This study is only a preliminary study with a small sample size, and the conclusions obtained need to be further confirmed in future studies.
{"title":"Comorbidity between Neurotic Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)","authors":"H. Tao, Chunru Wang, Jun-Cheng Guo, M. Guo","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.103015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.103015","url":null,"abstract":"Comorbidity with PTSD has been studied at home and abroad in follow-up studies following major traumatic events, indexing patients diagnosed with PTSD and investigating rates of comorbidity and other psychiatric disorders. In practical clinical practice, the majority of patients with PTSD are diagnosed with neurosis and depression, but the clinical manifestations and treatment of some of these patients are more complicated and difficult, and it is clinically found that these patients may have comorbidities and other mental disorders. This study in hospitalized patients with neurosis and depression as the main research object, through the investigation found that some patients (36.4%) of comorbid PTSD, just, this part of the patients reported by a traumatic event is not CCMD-3 defined in the “unusual” traumatic event. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that attention should be paid to the collection of patients’ medical history, especially the inquiry of traumatic experiences. This study is only a preliminary study with a small sample size, and the conclusions obtained need to be further confirmed in future studies.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"199 1","pages":"135-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76528228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.102012
Zhuo Liu, M. Guo, Yun-Suo Gao, Xiang-Ling Jiang
Studies have shown that the expression level of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (also known as BDNF) is of great significance on neutron activity, which has a close relationship with the improvement of the learning and memory ability; it has effect on the physical growth and development of an individual as well. On the other hand, childhood autism is a group of serious neurodevelopmental disorders. Some literature has pointed out that the BDNF plays a tremendously important role in the pathogenesis and the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research and found that there is a close relationship between BDNF and autism. This paper therefore will give an introduction on and an analysis of the relationship between BDNF, the polymorphysis of its gene, and childhood autism based on the previous domestic and overseas literature.
{"title":"Research Progress on the Relationship between BDNF, the Polymorphysis of Its Gene, and Childhood Autism","authors":"Zhuo Liu, M. Guo, Yun-Suo Gao, Xiang-Ling Jiang","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.102012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.102012","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have shown that the expression level of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (also known as BDNF) is of great significance on neutron activity, which has a close relationship with the improvement of the learning and memory ability; it has effect on the physical growth and development of an individual as well. On the other hand, childhood autism is a group of serious neurodevelopmental disorders. Some literature has pointed out that the BDNF plays a tremendously important role in the pathogenesis and the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research and found that there is a close relationship between BDNF and autism. This paper therefore will give an introduction on and an analysis of the relationship between BDNF, the polymorphysis of its gene, and childhood autism based on the previous domestic and overseas literature.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89291258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.102011
Yannick CANTON. Kessely, Félicien G. Toudjingar, Loobé Regis Mwabanyol, Mahamat Ali Bolti, Aboubakar Aouami, K. Ndiaye, Olivier Ouambi, Y. Ali, M. Ba
Frontal sinus aspergillosis is a rare infection that can be usually associated with immunocompromised states and life-threatening with high mortality rate. The authors report in a developing country a case of immunocompetent patient with left unilateral frontal headache, associated with left eye ptosis. The Brain CT Scan revealed frontal sinus aspergillosis. She underwent surgery followed by itraconazole cure. The outcome is successful after a period of 14 months with resolution of symptomatology. Anatomopathological examination confirmed aspergillosis. They share their experience of management of this disease in a country where neurosurgery is very young specialty and where molecules against aspergillosis are not available.
{"title":"Unilateral Frontal Sinus Aspergillosis: A Case Report and Review Literature","authors":"Yannick CANTON. Kessely, Félicien G. Toudjingar, Loobé Regis Mwabanyol, Mahamat Ali Bolti, Aboubakar Aouami, K. Ndiaye, Olivier Ouambi, Y. Ali, M. Ba","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.102011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.102011","url":null,"abstract":"Frontal sinus aspergillosis is a rare infection that can be usually associated with immunocompromised states and life-threatening with high mortality rate. The authors report in a developing country a case of immunocompetent patient with left unilateral frontal headache, associated with left eye ptosis. The Brain CT Scan revealed frontal sinus aspergillosis. She underwent surgery followed by itraconazole cure. The outcome is successful after a period of 14 months with resolution of symptomatology. Anatomopathological examination confirmed aspergillosis. They share their experience of management of this disease in a country where neurosurgery is very young specialty and where molecules against aspergillosis are not available.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79911458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.102010
Nobuhiro Takahashi, M. Kawamura, Naoki Tanihara, Mamiko Sato, Yasutaka Kobayashi
This case study addresses episodic memory impairment or focal retrograde amnesia related to limbic encephalitis. The patient in question was a right-handed man in his 60s who developed focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. An abnormal MRI signal was observed in the right medial temporal lobe. Immediately after the encephalitis onset, mental symptoms—including impaired consciousness, disorientation, hallucinations, and delusions—appeared; however, his condition improved with medical treatment. After transfer to a convalescent and rehabilitation hospital, various neuropsychological tests were conducted but no apparent functional decline was observed in intellectual function, attention, memorization, or retention. However, the patient exhibited impairments related to autobiographical memory and memory of events 4 - 5 years before the onset of limbic encephalitis. Based on these observations, the patient was considered to exhibit focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. Despite exhibiting retrograde amnesia, he had no difficulty in his daily life in the ward. Moreover, after discharge from hospital, smooth work reinstatement was possible. This case demonstrates that, even after exhibiting retrograde amnesia, if its duration is relatively short and physical function and other higher-order brain functions are sustained, social rehabilitation—including work reinstatement—is feasible.
{"title":"Case Study on Focal Retrograde Amnesia due to Limbic Encephalitis","authors":"Nobuhiro Takahashi, M. Kawamura, Naoki Tanihara, Mamiko Sato, Yasutaka Kobayashi","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.102010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.102010","url":null,"abstract":"This case study addresses episodic memory impairment or focal retrograde amnesia related to limbic encephalitis. The patient in question was a right-handed man in his 60s who developed focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. An abnormal MRI signal was observed in the right medial temporal lobe. Immediately after the encephalitis onset, mental symptoms—including impaired consciousness, disorientation, hallucinations, and delusions—appeared; however, his condition improved with medical treatment. After transfer to a convalescent and rehabilitation hospital, various neuropsychological tests were conducted but no apparent functional decline was observed in intellectual function, attention, memorization, or retention. However, the patient exhibited impairments related to autobiographical memory and memory of events 4 - 5 years before the onset of limbic encephalitis. Based on these observations, the patient was considered to exhibit focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. Despite exhibiting retrograde amnesia, he had no difficulty in his daily life in the ward. Moreover, after discharge from hospital, smooth work reinstatement was possible. This case demonstrates that, even after exhibiting retrograde amnesia, if its duration is relatively short and physical function and other higher-order brain functions are sustained, social rehabilitation—including work reinstatement—is feasible.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"82 1","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76626025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.102013
D. Younger
The SARS-CoV-2 2019 pandemic is creating challenges to the management of post-infectious autoimmunity in childhood and adult Covid-19 cases due to its high case fatality. Nearly all of the agents envisioned to treat Covid-19 illness, including the newly recognized pediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome, impact post-infectious mechanisms in keeping with the multiplier effect of infection, immunity and inflammation, known as I-Cubed (I3).
{"title":"Immunotherapy for the Post-Infectious Sequela of SARS-CoV-2 Infection","authors":"D. Younger","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.102013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.102013","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 2019 pandemic is creating challenges \u0000to the management of post-infectious autoimmunity in childhood and adult \u0000Covid-19 cases due to its high case fatality. Nearly all of the agents \u0000envisioned to treat Covid-19 illness, including the newly recognized pediatric \u0000multi-system inflammatory syndrome, impact post-infectious mechanisms in \u0000keeping with the multiplier effect of infection, immunity and inflammation, \u0000known as I-Cubed (I3).","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"281 1","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74379762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.101009
M. Alvarez-Rodríguez, E. López-Dolado, M. Salas-Monedero, V. Lozano-Berrio, S. Ceruelo-Abajo, Á. Gil-Agudo, A. Reyes-Guzmán
Background: The Box and Block clinical test is a validated and standardized scale for use in the clinical environment that allows the assessment of rough manipulative dexterity. Proposing virtual methods to carry out these assessments is an attempt to eliminate some of the subjectivity that the test may entail depending on the observer and the way in which the patient gives instructions. Applied to the assessment of skills after neurological pathologies, previous experiences in stroke patients have been found. So, this work was centered on the Spinal Cord Injury. Objective: To present the virtual application of the Box and Block scale, as well as details about its design and development for its manipulation based on Leap Motion Controller. Methodology: The relationship between the results obtained in the actual test and in the virtual application in healthy subjects and, mostly, patients with cervical spinal cord injury is analyzed, obtaining a high correlation index between both tests’ performance. Results: A high correlation index was obtained between both tests performance, the real and virtual version of the Box and Block Test. Conclusion: This virtual test can serve as an element to evaluate in the future the effectiveness of the RehabHand prototype based on virtual reality applications with a therapeutic and a rehabilitative sense that, manipulated from Leap Motion Controller, allow the improvement of the manipulative dexterity in patients with neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury.
背景:盒块临床测试是一种经过验证和标准化的量表，用于临床环境，允许评估粗糙的操作灵巧性。提出虚拟方法来进行这些评估是为了消除一些主观性，这些主观性可能取决于观察者和患者给出指示的方式。应用于神经病理后的技能评估，先前的经验已经发现中风患者。所以，这项工作是集中在脊髓损伤。目的:介绍Box and Block scale的虚拟应用，以及基于Leap Motion Controller的Box and Block scale操作的设计与开发。方法:分析了实际测试结果与虚拟应用结果在健康受试者和主要是颈脊髓损伤患者中的关系，获得了两种测试结果之间的高相关指数。结果:盒块测试的真实版和虚拟版测试的测试性能之间具有较高的相关指数。结论:该虚拟测试可以作为未来评估RehabHand原型的有效性的一个元素，该原型基于虚拟现实应用，具有治疗和康复的意义，通过Leap运动控制器进行操作，可以提高脊髓损伤等神经系统疾病患者的操作灵活性。
{"title":"Concurrent Validity of a Virtual Version of Box and Block Test for Patients with Neurological Disorders","authors":"M. Alvarez-Rodríguez, E. López-Dolado, M. Salas-Monedero, V. Lozano-Berrio, S. Ceruelo-Abajo, Á. Gil-Agudo, A. Reyes-Guzmán","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.101009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.101009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Box and Block clinical test is a validated and standardized scale for use in the clinical environment that allows the assessment of rough manipulative dexterity. Proposing virtual methods to carry out these assessments is an attempt to eliminate some of the subjectivity that the test may entail depending on the observer and the way in which the patient gives instructions. Applied to the assessment of skills after neurological pathologies, previous experiences in stroke patients have been found. So, this work was centered on the Spinal Cord Injury. Objective: To present the virtual application of the Box and Block scale, as well as details about its design and development for its manipulation based on Leap Motion Controller. Methodology: The relationship between the results obtained in the actual test and in the virtual application in healthy subjects and, mostly, patients with cervical spinal cord injury is analyzed, obtaining a high correlation index between both tests’ performance. Results: A high correlation index was obtained between both tests performance, the real and virtual version of the Box and Block Test. Conclusion: This virtual test can serve as an element to evaluate in the future the effectiveness of the RehabHand prototype based on virtual reality applications with a therapeutic and a rehabilitative sense that, manipulated from Leap Motion Controller, allow the improvement of the manipulative dexterity in patients with neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87466761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-12DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.101008
C. Takeda, M. Notoya, Nobuyuki Sunahara
This research examines the effects of task administration on Trail Making Test performance. The TMT consists of two parts, TMT Part A and TMT Part B. Generally, it has been believed that the order the two parts are completed does not influence test results; however, there is one previous study that has suggested that the order is indeed an influential factor on test scores. To measure frontal lobe function, the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to measure changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in 48 young, healthy Japanese subjects as they completed Parts A and B. We subtracted the change in oxy-Hb while completing Part A from that while completing Part B (B-A Oxy-Hb) for a comparison to facilitate an investigation of how, or if, the order in which the TMT is taken influences test success. We found that when Part A was completed first, there were only small changes in the B-A oxy-Hb, but when Part B was completed first, there were larger changes. This study indicates that the order the tests are completed in may influence outcomes, thus assessments using the TMT must follow a consistent task order.
本研究探讨任务管理对造径测试表现的影响。TMT由TMT Part A和TMT Part b两部分组成，一般认为这两部分的完成顺序不影响测试结果;然而，之前的一项研究表明，顺序确实是影响考试成绩的一个因素。为了测量额叶功能，本研究使用近红外光谱来测量48名年轻健康的日本受试者在完成A部分和B部分时氧合血红蛋白(oxy-Hb)的变化。我们从完成B部分(B-A oxy-Hb)时的氧合血红蛋白变化中减去完成A部分时的氧合血红蛋白变化，以进行比较，以促进研究TMT的顺序如何或是否影响测试成功。我们发现当A部分先完成时，B-A氧- hb只有很小的变化，但当B部分先完成时，变化较大。本研究表明，测试完成的顺序可能会影响结果，因此使用TMT的评估必须遵循一致的任务顺序。
{"title":"The Effects of Task Order Administration on Test Scores from the Trail Making Test: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Investigations","authors":"C. Takeda, M. Notoya, Nobuyuki Sunahara","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.101008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.101008","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the effects of task administration on Trail Making Test performance. The TMT consists of two parts, TMT Part A and TMT Part B. Generally, it has been believed that the order the two parts are completed does not influence test results; however, there is one previous study that has suggested that the order is indeed an influential factor on test scores. To measure frontal lobe function, the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to measure changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in 48 young, healthy Japanese subjects as they completed Parts A and B. We subtracted the change in oxy-Hb while completing Part A from that while completing Part B (B-A Oxy-Hb) for a comparison to facilitate an investigation of how, or if, the order in which the TMT is taken influences test success. We found that when Part A was completed first, there were only small changes in the B-A oxy-Hb, but when Part B was completed first, there were larger changes. This study indicates that the order the tests are completed in may influence outcomes, thus assessments using the TMT must follow a consistent task order.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83089109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2020.101006
P. Ossou-Nguiet, G. Mpandzou, Dina Happhia Motoula Latou, J. Diatewa, Karen Obondzo Aloba, P. E. S. Bandzouzi, B. E. Mbolla
Introduction: Palliative care, firstly used for chronic diseases, is currently indicated for some acute pathology such as Stroke. Its implementation improves the quality of care for end-of-life patients. The aim of our study is to report a series of patients who died in the intensive care stroke unit of Brazzaville. Method: It was a descriptive study of a series of 13 cases of severe stroke, admitted to the intensive care unit of the university hospital of Brazzaville, between January 2015 and December 2017. Sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and prognostic variables were studied. Result: The mean age of the patients was 46 ± 11.5 years with a male predominance in 69.2% (n = 9). They were all hypertensive. The motor deficit and consciousness disorder association was the reason for admission in 84.6% (n = 11) and an epileptic seizure of 15.4% (n = 2). The mean NIHSS at admission was 21 ± 5, that of Glasgow 6 ± 3. Stroke was hemorrhagic in 84.6% (n = 11) and malignant infarction in 15.4% (n = 2). All of these patients received invasive resuscitation with assisted ventilation and all died within 8 days of admission. Conclusion: The issue of limitation of care deserves to be debated, and is proposed on a case-by-case basis, in the face of a serious stroke. Therapeutic relentlessness is not only expensive, but also raises the problem of suffering of the individual at the end of life.
{"title":"What Strategy for a Severe Stroke in Africa: Palliative Care or Unreasonable Obstinacy?","authors":"P. Ossou-Nguiet, G. Mpandzou, Dina Happhia Motoula Latou, J. Diatewa, Karen Obondzo Aloba, P. E. S. Bandzouzi, B. E. Mbolla","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2020.101006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2020.101006","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Palliative care, firstly used for chronic diseases, is currently indicated for some acute pathology such as Stroke. Its implementation improves the quality of care for end-of-life patients. The aim of our study is to report a series of patients who died in the intensive care stroke unit of Brazzaville. Method: It was a descriptive study of a series of 13 cases of severe stroke, admitted to the intensive care unit of the university hospital of Brazzaville, between January 2015 and December 2017. Sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and prognostic variables were studied. Result: The mean age of the patients was 46 ± 11.5 years with a male predominance in 69.2% (n = 9). They were all hypertensive. The motor deficit and consciousness disorder association was the reason for admission in 84.6% (n = 11) and an epileptic seizure of 15.4% (n = 2). The mean NIHSS at admission was 21 ± 5, that of Glasgow 6 ± 3. Stroke was hemorrhagic in 84.6% (n = 11) and malignant infarction in 15.4% (n = 2). All of these patients received invasive resuscitation with assisted ventilation and all died within 8 days of admission. Conclusion: The issue of limitation of care deserves to be debated, and is proposed on a case-by-case basis, in the face of a serious stroke. Therapeutic relentlessness is not only expensive, but also raises the problem of suffering of the individual at the end of life.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87056245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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