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RNA epigenetic modifications in ovarian cancer: The changes, chances, and challenges. 卵巢癌症的RNA表观遗传修饰:变化、机会和挑战。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1784
Lele Ye, Xuyang Yao, Binbing Xu, Wenwen Chen, Han Lou, Xinya Tong, Su Fang, Ruanmin Zou, Yingying Hu, Zhibin Wang, Dan Xiang, Qiaoai Lin, Shiyu Feng, Xiangyang Xue, Gangqiang Guo

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common female cancer worldwide. Patients with OC have high mortality because of its complex and poorly understood pathogenesis. RNA epigenetic modifications, such as m6 A, m1 A, and m5 C, are closely associated with the occurrence and development of OC. RNA modifications can affect the stability of mRNA transcripts, nuclear export of RNAs, translation efficiency, and decoding accuracy. However, there are few overviews that summarize the link between m6 A RNA modification and OC. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular functions of different RNA modifications and how their regulation contributes to the pathogenesis of OC. By improving our understanding of the role of RNA modifications in the etiology of OC, we provide new perspectives for their use in OC diagnosis and treatment. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.

癌症是世界上最常见的女性癌症。OC患者的死亡率很高,因为其发病机制复杂且知之甚少。RNA表观遗传学修饰,如m6 A、m1 A和m5 C,与OC的发生和发展密切相关。RNA修饰可以影响mRNA转录物的稳定性、RNA的核输出、翻译效率和解码准确性。然而,很少有综述总结m6 A RNA修饰与OC之间的联系。在这里,我们讨论了不同RNA修饰的分子和细胞功能,以及它们的调节如何有助于OC的发病机制。通过提高我们对RNA修饰在OC病因中的作用的理解,我们为其在OC诊断和治疗中的应用提供了新的视角。这篇文章分类在:RNA加工>RNA编辑和修饰疾病与发展中的RNA>疾病中的RNA。
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引用次数: 2
Roles of non-coding RNAs in eye development and diseases. 非编码RNA在眼睛发育和疾病中的作用。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1785
Xinrui Shi, Zhengbo Xue, Kaicheng Ye, Jian Yuan, Yan Zhang, Jia Qu, Jianzhong Su

The prevalence of ocular disorders is dramatically increasing worldwide, especially those that cause visual impairment and permanent loss of vision, including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Extensive evidence has shown that ncRNAs are key regulators in various biogenesis and biological functions, controlling gene expression related to histogenesis and cell differentiation in ocular tissues. Aberrant expression and function of ncRNA can lead to dysfunction of visual system and mediate progression of eye disorders. Here, we mainly offer an overview of the role of precise modulation of ncRNAs in eye development and function in patients with eye diseases. We also highlight the challenges and future perspectives in conducting ncRNA studies, focusing specifically on the role of ncRNAs that may hold expanded promise for their diagnostic and therapeutic applications in various eye diseases. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.

眼部疾病的患病率在全球范围内急剧上升,尤其是那些导致视力障碍和永久性视力丧失的疾病,包括白内障、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性和糖尿病视网膜病变。大量证据表明,ncRNA是各种生物发生和生物学功能的关键调节因子,控制眼组织中与组织发生和细胞分化相关的基因表达。ncRNA的异常表达和功能可导致视觉系统功能障碍,并介导眼部疾病的进展。在这里,我们主要概述ncRNA的精确调节在眼病患者眼睛发育和功能中的作用。我们还强调了进行ncRNA研究的挑战和未来前景,特别关注ncRNA的作用,这些作用可能在各种眼病的诊断和治疗应用中具有更大的前景。这篇文章被分类为:调节RNAs/RNAi/核糖开关>疾病和发育中的调节RNAs RNA>疾病中的RNA疾病和发展中的RNA>发育中的RNA。
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引用次数: 1
Physiological and engineered tRNA aminoacylation. 生理和工程tRNA氨基酰化。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1789
Santiago Tijaro-Bulla, Samuel Protais Nyandwi, Haissi Cui

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases form the protein family that controls the interpretation of the genetic code, with tRNA aminoacylation being the key chemical step during which an amino acid is assigned to a corresponding sequence of nucleic acids. In consequence, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been studied in their physiological context, in disease states, and as tools for synthetic biology to enable the expansion of the genetic code. Here, we review the fundamentals of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase biology and classification, with a focus on mammalian cytoplasmic enzymes. We compile evidence that the localization of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be critical in health and disease. In addition, we discuss evidence from synthetic biology which made use of the importance of subcellular localization for efficient manipulation of the protein synthesis machinery. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing Translation > Translation Regulation RNA Processing > tRNA Processing RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.

氨酰基tRNA合成酶形成控制遗传密码解释的蛋白质家族,tRNA氨酰化是将氨基酸分配给相应核酸序列的关键化学步骤。因此,氨酰基tRNA合成酶已经在其生理背景下、疾病状态下进行了研究,并作为合成生物学的工具来扩展遗传密码。在这里,我们回顾了氨酰基tRNA合成酶生物学和分类的基本原理,重点是哺乳动物细胞质酶。我们收集了一些证据,证明氨酰基tRNA合成酶的定位对健康和疾病至关重要。此外,我们还讨论了合成生物学的证据,这些证据利用了亚细胞定位对有效操纵蛋白质合成机制的重要性。本文分类为:RNA加工翻译>翻译调节RNA加工>tRNA加工RNA输出和定位>RNA定位。
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引用次数: 1
The DNA binding high mobility group box protein family functionally binds RNA. DNA结合的高迁移率基团盒蛋白家族在功能上结合RNA。
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1778
Desmond J Hamilton, Abigail E Hein, Deborah S Wuttke, Robert T Batey

Nucleic acid binding proteins regulate transcription, splicing, RNA stability, RNA localization, and translation, together tailoring gene expression in response to stimuli. Upon discovery, these proteins are typically classified as either DNA or RNA binding as defined by their in vivo functions; however, recent evidence suggests dual DNA and RNA binding by many of these proteins. High mobility group box (HMGB) proteins have a DNA binding HMGB domain, act as transcription factors and chromatin remodeling proteins, and are increasingly understood to interact with RNA as means to regulate gene expression. Herein, multiple layers of evidence that the HMGB family are dual DNA and RNA binding proteins is comprehensively reviewed. For example, HMGB proteins directly interact with RNA in vitro and in vivo, are localized to RNP granules involved in RNA processing, and their protein interactors are enriched in RNA binding proteins involved in RNA metabolism. Importantly, in cell-based systems, HMGB-RNA interactions facilitate protein-protein interactions, impact splicing outcomes, and modify HMGB protein genomic or cellular localization. Misregulation of these HMGB-RNA interactions are also likely involved in human disease. This review brings to light that as a family, HMGB proteins are likely to bind RNA which is essential to HMGB protein biology. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.

核酸结合蛋白调节转录、剪接、RNA稳定性、RNA定位和翻译,共同调节对刺激的基因表达。一旦发现,这些蛋白质通常被分类为DNA或RNA结合,如其体内功能所定义的;然而,最近的证据表明,这些蛋白质中的许多具有双重DNA和RNA结合。高迁移率基团盒(HMGB)蛋白具有结合DNA的HMGB结构域,充当转录因子和染色质重塑蛋白,并且越来越被理解为与RNA相互作用,作为调节基因表达的手段。本文全面综述了HMGB家族是DNA和RNA双重结合蛋白的多层证据。例如,HMGB蛋白在体外和体内直接与RNA相互作用,定位于参与RNA加工的RNP颗粒,并且它们的蛋白质相互作用体富含参与RNA代谢的RNA结合蛋白。重要的是,在基于细胞的系统中,HMGB-RNA相互作用促进蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用,影响剪接结果,并改变HMGB蛋白质的基因组或细胞定位。HMGB-RNA相互作用的失调也可能与人类疾病有关。这篇综述揭示了作为一个家族,HMGB蛋白可能与RNA结合,这对HMGB蛋白生物学至关重要。本文分类为:RNA与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用>蛋白质-RNA识别-RNA与蛋白质及其他分子的作用>RNA-蛋白质复合物-RNA与蛋白及其他分子相互作用>蛋白-RNA相互作用:功能含义。
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引用次数: 0
Translation machinery captured in motion. 翻译机器在运动。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1792
Hassan Zafar, Ahmed H Hassan, Gabriel Demo

Translation accuracy is one of the most critical factors for protein synthesis. It is regulated by the ribosome and its dynamic behavior, along with translation factors that direct ribosome rearrangements to make translation a uniform process. Earlier structural studies of the ribosome complex with arrested translation factors laid the foundation for an understanding of ribosome dynamics and the translation process as such. Recent technological advances in time-resolved and ensemble cryo-EM have made it possible to study translation in real time at high resolution. These methods provided a detailed view of translation in bacteria for all three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. In this review, we focus on translation factors (in some cases GTP activation) and their ability to monitor and respond to ribosome organization to enable efficient and accurate translation. This article is categorized under: Translation > Ribosome Structure/Function Translation > Mechanisms.

翻译的准确性是蛋白质合成的最关键因素之一。它受核糖体及其动态行为的调节,以及指导核糖体重排的翻译因子,使翻译成为一个统一的过程。早期对具有停滞翻译因子的核糖体复合体的结构研究为理解核糖体动力学及其翻译过程奠定了基础。时间分辨和系综冷冻电镜的最新技术进步使以高分辨率实时研究翻译成为可能。这些方法提供了细菌中所有三个阶段的翻译的详细视图:起始、延伸和终止。在这篇综述中,我们关注翻译因子(在某些情况下GTP激活)及其监测和响应核糖体组织的能力,以实现高效准确的翻译。本文分类在:翻译>核糖体结构/功能翻译>机制。
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引用次数: 0
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase: A guardian of the cellular nucleotide pool and potential mediator of RNA function. 肌苷三磷酸焦磷酸酶:细胞核苷酸库的守护者和RNA功能的潜在介质。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1790
Jacob H Schroader, Mark T Handley, Kaalak Reddy

Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase), encoded by the ITPA gene in humans, is an important enzyme that preserves the integrity of cellular nucleotide pools by hydrolyzing the noncanonical purine nucleotides (deoxy)inosine and (deoxy)xanthosine triphosphate into monophosphates and pyrophosphate. Variants in the ITPA gene can cause partial or complete ITPase deficiency. Partial ITPase deficiency is benign but clinically relevant as it is linked to altered drug responses. Complete ITPase deficiency causes a severe multisystem disorder characterized by seizures and encephalopathy that is frequently associated with fatal infantile dilated cardiomyopathy. In the absence of ITPase activity, its substrate noncanonical nucleotides have the potential to accumulate and become aberrantly incorporated into DNA and RNA. Hence, the pathophysiology of ITPase deficiency could arise from metabolic imbalance, altered DNA or RNA regulation, or from a combination of these factors. Here, we review the known functions of ITPase and highlight recent work aimed at determining the molecular basis for ITPA-associated pathogenesis which provides evidence for RNA dysfunction. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.

肌苷三磷酸焦磷酸酶(ITPase)由人类的ITPA基因编码,是一种重要的酶,通过将非经典嘌呤核苷酸(脱氧)肌苷和(脱氧)黄嘌呤三磷酸水解为单磷酸盐和焦磷酸盐来保持细胞核苷酸库的完整性。ITPA基因的变异可导致部分或完全ITPA酶缺乏。ITPase部分缺乏是良性的,但与临床相关,因为它与药物反应的改变有关。ITPase完全缺乏会导致严重的多系统疾病,其特征是癫痫发作和脑病,通常与致命的婴儿扩张型心肌病有关。在缺乏ITPase活性的情况下,其底物非经典核苷酸有可能积累并异常结合到DNA和RNA中。因此,ITPase缺乏症的病理生理学可能由代谢失衡、DNA或RNA调节改变或这些因素的组合引起。在这里,我们回顾了ITPA酶的已知功能,并强调了最近旨在确定ITPA相关发病机制的分子基础的工作,这为RNA功能障碍提供了证据。这篇文章被分类为:RNA在疾病和发展中>RNA在疾病中RNA在疾病与发展中>核糖核酸在发展中。
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引用次数: 1
Utilizing functional cell-free extracts to dissect ribonucleoprotein complex biology at single-molecule resolution. 利用功能性无细胞提取物以单分子分辨率剖析核糖核蛋白复合物生物学。
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1787
Elizabeth Duran, Andreas Schmidt, Robb Welty, Ameya P Jalihal, Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya, Nils G Walter

Cellular machineries that drive and regulate gene expression often rely on the coordinated assembly and interaction of a multitude of proteins and RNA together called ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). As such, it is challenging to fully reconstitute these cellular machines recombinantly and gain mechanistic understanding of how they operate and are regulated within the complex environment that is the cell. One strategy for overcoming this challenge is to perform single molecule fluorescence microscopy studies within crude or recombinantly supplemented cell extracts. This strategy enables elucidation of the interaction and kinetic behavior of specific fluorescently labeled biomolecules within RNPs under conditions that approximate native cellular environments. In this review, we describe single molecule fluorescence microcopy approaches that dissect RNP-driven processes within cellular extracts, highlighting general strategies used in these methods. We further survey biological advances in the areas of pre-mRNA splicing and transcription regulation that have been facilitated through this approach. Finally, we conclude with a summary of practical considerations for the implementation of the featured approaches to facilitate their broader future implementation in dissecting the mechanisms of RNP-driven cellular processes. This article is categorized under: RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems.

驱动和调节基因表达的细胞机制通常依赖于大量蛋白质和RNA的协调组装和相互作用,这些蛋白质和RNA被称为核糖核蛋白复合物(RNPs)。因此,要完全重组这些细胞机器,并从机制上了解它们是如何在复杂的细胞环境中运作和调节的,这是一项挑战。克服这一挑战的一种策略是在粗的或重组补充的细胞提取物中进行单分子荧光显微镜研究。该策略能够阐明RNP内特定荧光标记生物分子在接近天然细胞环境的条件下的相互作用和动力学行为。在这篇综述中,我们描述了单分子荧光显微镜方法,该方法剖析了细胞提取物中RNP驱动的过程,强调了这些方法中使用的一般策略。我们进一步调查了通过这种方法促进的前信使核糖核酸剪接和转录调控领域的生物学进展。最后,我们总结了实施特色方法的实际考虑因素,以促进其在未来更广泛的实施,剖析RNP驱动的细胞过程的机制。本文分类如下:RNA结构和动力学>RNA结构、动力学和化学RNA与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用>RNA-蛋白质复合物RNA结构和力学>RNA结构在生物系统中的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Pol III transcriptome: Basic features, recurrent patterns, and emerging roles in cancer. Pol III转录组:癌症的基本特征、复发模式和新出现的作用。
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1782
Sihang Zhou, Kevin Van Bortle

The RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcriptome is universally comprised of short, highly structured noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Through RNA-protein interactions, the Pol III transcriptome actuates functional activities ranging from nuclear gene regulation (7SK), splicing (U6, U6atac), and RNA maturation and stability (RMRP, RPPH1, Y RNA), to cytoplasmic protein targeting (7SL) and translation (tRNA, 5S rRNA). In higher eukaryotes, the Pol III transcriptome has expanded to include additional, recently evolved ncRNA species that effectively broaden the footprint of Pol III transcription to additional cellular activities. Newly evolved ncRNAs function as riboregulators of autophagy (vault), immune signaling cascades (nc886), and translation (Alu, BC200, snaR). Notably, upregulation of Pol III transcription is frequently observed in cancer, and multiple ncRNA species are linked to both cancer progression and poor survival outcomes among cancer patients. In this review, we outline the basic features and functions of the Pol III transcriptome, and the evidence for dysregulation and dysfunction for each ncRNA in cancer. When taken together, recurrent patterns emerge, ranging from shared functional motifs that include molecular scaffolding and protein sequestration, overlapping protein interactions, and immunostimulatory activities, to the biogenesis of analogous small RNA fragments and noncanonical miRNAs, augmenting the function of the Pol III transcriptome and further broadening its role in cancer. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.

RNA聚合酶III(Pol III)转录组普遍由短的、高度结构化的非编码RNA(ncRNA)组成。通过RNA-蛋白质相互作用,Pol III转录组启动从核基因调控(7SK)、剪接(U6、U6atac)、RNA成熟和稳定性(RMRP、RPPH1、Y RNA)到细胞质蛋白靶向(7SL)和翻译(tRNA、5S rRNA)的功能活动。在高等真核生物中,Pol III转录组已经扩展到包括额外的、最近进化的ncRNA物种,这些物种有效地将Pol III的转录足迹扩大到额外的细胞活动。新进化的ncRNA作为自噬(vault)、免疫信号级联(nc886)和翻译(Alu,BC200,snaR)的核糖调节因子发挥作用。值得注意的是,在癌症中经常观察到Pol III转录的上调,并且在癌症患者中,多种ncRNA物种与癌症进展和不良生存结果有关。在这篇综述中,我们概述了Pol III转录组的基本特征和功能,以及癌症中每种ncRNA的失调和功能障碍的证据。综合起来,出现了重复的模式,从包括分子支架和蛋白质固定、重叠的蛋白质相互作用和免疫刺激活性的共享功能基序,到类似的小RNA片段和非经典miRNA的生物发生,增强了Pol III转录组的功能,并进一步扩大了其在癌症中的作用。这篇文章分类为:RNA在疾病和发展中>RNA在疾病RNA加工中>小RNA的加工RNA与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用>蛋白质-RNA相互作用:功能意义。
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引用次数: 0
Web tools support predicting protein-nucleic acid complexes stability with affinity changes. 网络工具支持预测蛋白质-核酸复合物的亲和力变化稳定性。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1781
Xiao Zhang, Long-Can Mei, Yang-Yang Gao, Ge-Fei Hao, Bao-An Song

Numerous biological processes, such as transcription, replication, and translation, rely on protein-nucleic acid interactions (PNIs). Demonstrating the binding stability of protein-nucleic acid complexes is vital to deciphering the code for PNIs. Numerous web-based tools have been developed to attach importance to protein-nucleic acid stability, facilitating the prediction of PNIs characteristics rapidly. However, the data and tools are dispersed and lack comprehensive integration to understand the stability of PNIs better. In this review, we first summarize existing databases for evaluating the stability of protein-nucleic acid binding. Then, we compare and evaluate the pros and cons of web tools for forecasting the interaction energies of protein-nucleic acid complexes. Finally, we discuss the application of combining models and capabilities of PNIs. We may hope these web-based tools will facilitate the discovery of recognition mechanisms for protein-nucleic acid binding stability. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.

许多生物学过程,如转录、复制和翻译,都依赖于蛋白质-核酸相互作用(PNI)。证明蛋白质-核酸复合物的结合稳定性对于破译PNI的密码至关重要。已经开发了许多基于网络的工具来重视蛋白质核酸的稳定性,促进了PNI特征的快速预测。然而,数据和工具分散,缺乏全面的集成,无法更好地了解PNI的稳定性。在这篇综述中,我们首先总结了现有的用于评估蛋白质-核酸结合稳定性的数据库。然后,我们比较和评估了预测蛋白质-核酸复合物相互作用能的网络工具的优缺点。最后,我们讨论了PNI的模型和功能相结合的应用。我们可能希望这些基于网络的工具将有助于发现蛋白质-核酸结合稳定性的识别机制。本文分类为:RNA与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用>蛋白质-RNA识别-RNA与蛋白质及其他分子的作用>RNA-蛋白质复合物-RNA与蛋白及其他分子相互作用>蛋白-RNA相互作用:功能含义。
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引用次数: 2
Functional and regulatory impact of chimeric RNAs in human normal and cancer cells. 嵌合RNA在人类正常细胞和癌症细胞中的功能和调节影响。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1777
Sumit Mukherjee, Sunanda Biswas Mukherjee, Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern

Fusions of two genes can lead to the generation of chimeric RNAs, which may have a distinct functional role from their original molecules. Chimeric RNAs could encode novel functional proteins or serve as novel long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The appearance of chimeric RNAs in a cell could help to generate new functionality and phenotypic diversity that might facilitate this cell to survive against new environmental stress. Several recent studies have demonstrated the functional roles of various chimeric RNAs in cancer progression and are considered as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and sometimes even drug targets. Further, the growing evidence demonstrated the potential functional association of chimeric RNAs with cancer heterogeneity and drug resistance cancer evolution. Recent studies highlighted that chimeric RNAs also have functional potentiality in normal physiological processes. Several functionally potential chimeric RNAs were discovered in human cancer and normal cells in the last two decades. This could indicate that chimeric RNAs are the hidden layer of the human transcriptome that should be explored from the functional insights to better understand the functional evolution of the genome and disease development that could facilitate clinical practice improvements. This review summarizes the current knowledge of chimeric RNAs and highlights their functional, regulatory, and evolutionary impact on different cancers and normal physiological processes. Further, we will discuss the potential functional roles of a recently discovered novel class of chimeric RNAs named sense-antisense/cross-strand chimeric RNAs generated by the fusion of the bi-directional transcripts of the same gene. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.

两个基因的融合可以产生嵌合RNA,这可能与它们的原始分子具有不同的功能作用。嵌合RNA可以编码新的功能蛋白或作为新的长非编码RNA(lncRNA)。嵌合RNA在细胞中的出现有助于产生新的功能和表型多样性,这可能有助于该细胞在新的环境压力下生存。最近的几项研究已经证明了各种嵌合RNA在癌症进展中的功能作用,并被认为是癌症诊断的生物标志物,有时甚至是药物靶点。此外,越来越多的证据证明了嵌合RNA与癌症异质性和癌症耐药性进化的潜在功能关联。最近的研究强调,嵌合RNA在正常生理过程中也具有功能潜力。在过去二十年中,在人类癌症和正常细胞中发现了几种功能上潜在的嵌合RNA。这可能表明嵌合RNA是人类转录组的隐藏层,应该从功能见解中进行探索,以更好地了解基因组的功能进化和疾病发展,从而促进临床实践的改进。这篇综述总结了目前对嵌合RNA的了解,并强调了它们对不同癌症和正常生理过程的功能、调节和进化影响。此外,我们将讨论最近发现的一类新的嵌合RNA的潜在功能作用,该类嵌合RNA名为有义反义/跨链嵌合RNA,由同一基因的双向转录物融合产生。这篇文章分类在:调控RNAs/RNAi/核糖开关>调控RNA。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA
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