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Eukaryotic splicing machinery in the plant-virus battleground. 真核剪接机器在植物病毒的战场上。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1793
Chang-Feng Su, Debatosh Das, Mehtab Muhammad Aslam, Ji-Qin Xie, Xiang-Yang Li, Mo-Xian Chen

Plant virual infections are mainly caused by plant-virus parasitism which affects ecological communities. Some viruses are highly pathogen specific that can infect only specific plants, while some can cause widespread harm, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). After a virus infects the host, undergoes a series of harmful effects, including the destruction of host cell membrane receptors, changes in cell membrane components, cell fusion, and the production of neoantigens on the cell surface. Therefore, competition between the host and the virus arises. The virus starts gaining control of critical cellular functions of the host cells and ultimately affects the fate of the targeted host plants. Among these critical cellular processes, alternative splicing (AS) is an essential posttranscriptional regulation process in RNA maturation, which amplify host protein diversity and manipulates transcript abundance in response to plant pathogens. AS is widespread in nearly all human genes and critical in regulating animal-virus interactions. In particular, an animal virus can hijack the host splicing machinery to re-organize its compartments for propagation. Changes in AS are known to cause human disease, and various AS events have been reported to regulate tissue specificity, development, tumour proliferation, and multi-functionality. However, the mechanisms underlying plant-virus interactions are poorly understood. Here, we summarize the current understanding of how viruses interact with their plant hosts compared with humans, analyze currently used and putative candidate agrochemicals to treat plant-viral infections, and finally discussed the potential research hotspots in the future. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.

植物病毒感染主要由影响生态群落的植物病毒寄生引起。有些病毒具有高度的病原体特异性,只能感染特定的植物,而有些病毒则会造成广泛的危害,如烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)。病毒感染宿主后,会产生一系列有害影响,包括破坏宿主细胞膜受体、改变细胞膜成分、细胞融合以及在细胞表面产生新抗原。因此,宿主和病毒之间产生了竞争。病毒开始控制宿主细胞的关键细胞功能,并最终影响目标宿主植物的命运。在这些关键的细胞过程中,选择性剪接(AS)是RNA成熟中一个重要的转录后调节过程,它放大宿主蛋白质的多样性,并操纵转录物的丰度以应对植物病原体。AS广泛存在于几乎所有人类基因中,对调节动物与病毒的相互作用至关重要。特别是,动物病毒可以劫持宿主的剪接机制,重新组织其隔间进行繁殖。众所周知,AS的变化会导致人类疾病,据报道,各种AS事件可以调节组织特异性、发育、肿瘤增殖和多功能。然而,人们对植物病毒相互作用的机制知之甚少。在这里,我们总结了目前对病毒与植物宿主相互作用的理解,并与人类进行了比较,分析了目前使用的和公认的治疗植物病毒感染的候选农用化学品,最后讨论了未来潜在的研究热点。本文分类如下:RNA加工>剪接机制RNA加工>拼接调控/选择性剪接。
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引用次数: 1
The HNRNPF/H RNA binding proteins and disease. HNRNPF/H RNA结合蛋白与疾病。
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1788
Tayvia Brownmiller, Natasha J Caplen

The members of the HNRNPF/H family of heterogeneous nuclear RNA proteins-HNRNPF, HNRNPH1, HNRNPH2, HNRNPH3, and GRSF1, are critical regulators of RNA maturation. Documented functions of these proteins include regulating splicing, particularly alternative splicing, 5' capping and 3' polyadenylation of RNAs, and RNA export. The assignment of these proteins to the HNRNPF/H protein family members relates to differences in the amino acid composition of their RNA recognition motifs, which differ from those of other RNA binding proteins (RBPs). HNRNPF/H proteins typically bind RNA sequences enriched with guanine (G) residues, including sequences that, in the presence of a cation, have the potential to form higher-order G-quadruplex structures. The need to further investigate members of the HNRNPF/H family of RBPs has intensified with the recent descriptions of their involvement in several disease states, including the pediatric tumor Ewing sarcoma and the hematological malignancy mantle cell lymphoma; newly described groups of developmental syndromes; and neuronal-related disorders, including addictive behavior. Here, to foster the study of the HNRNPF/H family of RBPs, we discuss features of the genes encoding these proteins, their structures and functions, and emerging contributions to disease. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.

异质核RNA蛋白HNRNPF/H家族的成员HNRNPF、HNRNPH1、HNRNPH2、HNRNPH3和GRSF1是RNA成熟的关键调节因子。这些蛋白质的记录功能包括调节剪接,特别是选择性剪接,RNA的5'封端和3'多腺苷酸化,以及RNA输出。这些蛋白质被分配到HNRNPF/H蛋白质家族成员与它们的RNA识别基序的氨基酸组成的差异有关,这与其他RNA结合蛋白(RBP)的氨基酸组成不同。HNRNPF/H蛋白通常结合富含鸟嘌呤(G)残基的RNA序列,包括在阳离子存在下有可能形成高阶G-四链体结构的序列。随着最近对RBPs HNRNPF/H家族成员参与几种疾病状态的描述,进一步研究其成员的必要性得到了加强,包括儿童肿瘤尤因肉瘤和血液系统恶性肿瘤套细胞淋巴瘤;新描述的发育综合征组;以及神经元相关疾病,包括成瘾行为。在这里,为了促进对RBPs的HNRNPF/H家族的研究,我们讨论了编码这些蛋白质的基因的特征、它们的结构和功能,以及对疾病的新贡献。这篇文章分类为:RNA在疾病和发展中>RNA在疾病RNA处理中>剪接调控/选择性剪接RNA与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用>蛋白质-RNA相互作用:功能意义。
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引用次数: 0
Insights in piRNA targeting rules. 对piRNA靶向规则的见解。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1811
Josien C van Wolfswinkel

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play an important role in the defense against transposons in the germline and stem cells of animals. To what extent other transcripts are also regulated by piRNAs is an ongoing topic of debate. The amount of sequence complementarity between piRNA and target that is required for effective downregulation of the targeted transcript is guiding in this discussion. Over the years, various methods have been applied to infer targeting requirements from the collections of piRNAs and potential target transcripts, and recent structural studies of the PIWI proteins have provided an additional perspective. In this review, I summarize the findings from these studies and propose a set of requirements that can be used to predict targets to the best of our current abilities. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA-Based Catalysis > RNA-Mediated Cleavage.

PIWI相互作用RNA(piRNA)在防御动物生殖系和干细胞中的转座子方面发挥着重要作用。其他转录物在多大程度上也受到piRNA的调控是一个持续争论的话题。有效下调靶向转录物所需的piRNA和靶标之间的序列互补性在本讨论中具有指导意义。多年来,各种方法已被应用于从PIRNA和潜在靶转录物的集合中推断靶向要求,最近对PIWI蛋白的结构研究提供了另一个视角。在这篇综述中,我总结了这些研究的发现,并提出了一套要求,可用于尽我们目前的最大能力预测目标。这篇文章分类为:调控RNAs/RNAi/核糖开关>调控RNAs-RNA与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用>蛋白质-RNA相互作用:基于RNA的催化的功能含义>RNA介导的切割。
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引用次数: 0
Exosome-derived long noncoding RNAs: Mediators of host-Plasmodium parasite communication. 外泌体衍生的长链非编码rna:宿主-疟原虫交流的介质。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1808
Jin-Guang Chen, Shuang-Chun Liu, Qing Nie, Yun-Ting Du, Yin-Yi Lv, Lian-Ping He, Guang Chen

Overcoming challenges associated with malaria eradication proves to be a formidable task due to the complicated life cycle exhibited by the malaria parasite and the lack of safe and enduring vaccines against malaria. Investigating the interplay between Plasmodium parasites and their mammalian hosts is crucial for the development of novel vaccines. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) derived from Plasmodium parasites or host cells have emerged as potential signaling molecules involved in the trafficking of proteins, RNA (mRNAs, miRNAs, and ncRNAs), and DNA. These lncRNAs facilitate the interaction between hosts and parasites, impacting normal physiology or pathology in malaria-infected individuals. Moreover, they possess the capacity to regulate immune responses and associated signaling pathways, thus potentially influencing chromatin organization, epigenetic modifications, mRNA processing, splicing, and translation. However, the functional role of exosomal lncRNAs in malaria remains poorly understood. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of lncRNA and exosomal lncRNA profiles during malaria infection. It presents an overview of recent progress in elucidating the involvement of exosomal lncRNAs in host-parasite interactions. Additionally, potential exosomal lncRNAs linked to the domains of innate and adaptive immunity in the context of malaria are proposed. These findings may contribute to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for malaria. Furthermore, the need for additional research was highlighted that aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying lncRNA transportation into host cells and their targeting of specific genes to regulate the host's immune response. This knowledge gap presents an opportunity for future investigations, offering innovative approaches to enhance malarial control. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule-RNA Interactions RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.

克服与消灭疟疾有关的挑战证明是一项艰巨的任务,因为疟疾寄生虫表现出复杂的生命周期,而且缺乏安全和持久的疟疾疫苗。研究疟原虫与其哺乳动物宿主之间的相互作用对于开发新型疫苗至关重要。来自疟原虫寄生虫或宿主细胞的长链非编码RNA (lncRNAs)已成为参与蛋白质、RNA (mrna、miRNAs和ncRNAs)和DNA运输的潜在信号分子。这些lncrna促进宿主和寄生虫之间的相互作用,影响疟疾感染个体的正常生理或病理。此外,它们具有调节免疫应答和相关信号通路的能力,从而潜在地影响染色质组织、表观遗传修饰、mRNA加工、剪接和翻译。然而,外泌体lncrna在疟疾中的功能作用仍然知之甚少。本文综述了疟疾感染期间lncRNA和外泌体lncRNA谱的全面分析。它概述了最近在阐明外泌体lncrna参与宿主-寄生虫相互作用方面的进展。此外,研究人员还提出了与疟疾先天免疫和适应性免疫结构域相关的潜在外泌体lncrna。这些发现可能有助于发现新的疟疾诊断和治疗策略。此外,还需要进一步的研究,以阐明lncRNA转运到宿主细胞及其靶向特定基因以调节宿主免疫反应的机制。这一知识差距为今后的调查提供了机会,为加强疟疾控制提供了创新方法。本文分类如下:RNA与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用>小分子-RNA相互作用>蛋白质和其他分子的RNA相互作用>蛋白质-RNA相互作用:RNA在疾病和发展中的功能含义> RNA在疾病中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. 内质网应激与非编码rna在心血管疾病中的串扰。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1767
Shuyun Lin, Haijiao Long, Lianjie Hou, Ming Zhang, Jiang Ting, Haiyue Lin, Pan Zheng, Weixing Lei, Kai Yin, Guojun Zhao

Cells are exposed to various pathological stimulus within the cardiovascular system that challenge cells to adapt and survive. Several of these pathological stimulus alter the normal function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins, thus triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) to cope with the stress or trigger apoptosis of damaged cells. Downstream components of the UPR regulate transcription and translation reprogramming to ensure selective gene expression in response to pathological stimulus, including the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The ncRNAs play crucial roles in regulating transcription and translation, and their aberrant expression is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Notably, ncRNAs and ER stress can modulate each other and synergistically affect the development of CVD. Therefore, studying the interaction between ER stress and ncRNAs is necessary for effective prevention and treatment of CVD. In this review, we discuss the UPR signaling pathway and ncRNAs followed by the interplay regulation of ER stress and ncRNAs in CVD, which provides further insights into the understanding of the pathogenesis of CVD and therapeutic strategies. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.

细胞暴露于心血管系统内的各种病理刺激,挑战细胞适应和生存。这些病理刺激改变了内质网(ER)的正常功能,导致未折叠和错误折叠蛋白的积累,从而触发未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)来应对应激或触发受损细胞的凋亡。UPR的下游组分调节转录和翻译重编程,以确保在病理刺激下选择性表达基因,包括非编码rna (ncRNAs)的表达。ncrna在调节转录和翻译中起着至关重要的作用,它们的异常表达与心血管疾病(CVD)的发生有关。值得注意的是,ncrna和内质网应激可以相互调节,协同影响CVD的发展。因此,研究内质网应激与ncrna的相互作用对于有效预防和治疗CVD是必要的。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了UPR信号通路和ncRNAs,以及内质网应激和ncRNAs在CVD中的相互作用调控,从而进一步了解CVD的发病机制和治疗策略。本文分类为:RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease。
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引用次数: 0
New insights into the centrosome-associated spliceosome components as regulators of ciliogenesis and tissue identity. 中心体相关剪接体成分作为纤毛生成和组织特征调节器的新见解。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1776
Johan Busselez, Rustem E Uzbekov, Brunella Franco, Massimo Pancione

Biomolecular condensates are membrane-less assemblies of proteins and nucleic acids. Centrosomes are biomolecular condensates that play a crucial role in nuclear division, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cilia formation in animal cells. Spatial omics technology is providing new insights into the dynamic exchange of spliceosome components between the nucleus and the centrosome/cilium. Intriguingly, centrosomes are emerging as cytoplasmic sites for information storage, enriched with RNA molecules and RNA-processing proteins. Furthermore, growing evidence supports the view that nuclear spliceosome components assembled at the centrosome function as potential coordinators of splicing subprograms, pluripotency, and cell differentiation. In this article, we first discuss the current understanding of the centrosome/cilium complex, which controls both stem cell differentiation and pluripotency. We next explore the molecular mechanisms that govern splicing factor assembly and disassembly around the centrosome and examine how RNA processing pathways contribute to ciliogenesis. Finally, we discuss numerous unresolved compelling questions regarding the centrosome-associated spliceosome components and transcript variants within the cytoplasm as sources of RNA-based secondary messages in the regulation of cell identity and cell fate determination. This article is categorized under: RNA-Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Processing > RNA Processing.

生物分子凝聚体是蛋白质和核酸的无膜集合体。中心体是一种生物分子凝聚体,在动物细胞的核分裂、细胞骨架重塑和纤毛形成过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。空间全息技术为了解细胞核与中心体/纤毛体之间剪接体成分的动态交换提供了新的视角。耐人寻味的是,中心体正在成为细胞质中的信息存储场所,富含 RNA 分子和 RNA 处理蛋白。此外,越来越多的证据支持这样一种观点,即在中心体上组装的核剪接体成分是剪接子程序、多能性和细胞分化的潜在协调者。在本文中,我们首先讨论了目前对中心体/纤毛体复合体的理解,该复合体控制着干细胞分化和多能性。接下来,我们探讨了剪接因子在中心体周围组装和分解的分子机制,并研究了RNA加工途径如何促进纤毛的生成。最后,我们讨论了有关中心体相关剪接体成分和细胞质内转录本变体的许多悬而未决的令人信服的问题,它们是调控细胞特性和细胞命运决定过程中基于 RNA 的次级信息的来源。本文归类于基于 RNA 的催化作用 > RNA 在剪接和翻译中的催化作用 RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > RNA 蛋白复合物 RNA 处理 > 剪接调节/替代剪接 RNA 处理 > RNA 处理。
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引用次数: 0
Regulation of ribonucleoprotein condensates by RNase L during viral infection. 病毒感染过程中 RNase L 对核糖核蛋白缩聚物的调控
IF 6.4 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1770
James M Burke

In response to viral infection, mammalian cells activate several innate immune pathways to antagonize viral gene expression. Upon recognition of viral double-stranded RNA, protein kinase R (PKR) phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) on serine 51. This inhibits canonical translation initiation, which broadly antagonizes viral protein synthesis. It also promotes the assembly of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes termed stress granules (SGs). SGs are widely thought to promote cell survival and antiviral signaling. However, co-activation of the OAS/RNase L antiviral pathway inhibits the assembly of SGs and promotes the assembly of an alternative ribonucleoprotein complex termed an RNase L-dependent body (RLB). The formation of RLBs has been observed in response to double-stranded RNA, dengue virus infection, or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we review the distinct biogenesis pathways and properties of SGs and RLBs, and we provide perspective on their potential functions during the antiviral response. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.

在应对病毒感染时,哺乳动物细胞会激活几种先天性免疫途径来抑制病毒基因的表达。识别病毒双链 RNA 后,蛋白激酶 R(PKR)会使真核生物起始因子 2(eIF2α)α 亚基丝氨酸 51 发生磷酸化。这就抑制了典型的翻译启动,从而广泛地拮抗了病毒蛋白质的合成。它还能促进细胞质核糖核蛋白复合物(称为应激颗粒(SG))的组装。人们普遍认为 SGs 可促进细胞存活和抗病毒信号转导。然而,OAS/RNase L 抗病毒途径的共同激活会抑制 SGs 的组装,并促进称为 RNase L 依赖体(RLB)的另一种核糖核蛋白复合物的组装。在双链 RNA、登革热病毒感染或 SARS-CoV-2 感染时,可观察到 RLB 的形成。在此,我们回顾了 SGs 和 RLBs 不同的生物生成途径和特性,并对它们在抗病毒反应中的潜在功能进行了展望。本文归类于RNA 与蛋白质及其他分子的相互作用 > RNA 蛋白复合物 RNA 更替与监控 > RNA 稳定性调控 RNA 输出与定位 > RNA 定位。
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引用次数: 0
Host and viral RNA dysregulation during BK polyomavirus infection in kidney transplant recipients. 肾移植受者BK多瘤病毒感染期间宿主和病毒RNA失调。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1769
Ramin Yaghobi, Afsoon Afshari, Jamshid Roozbeh

Early detection of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) would enhance their quality of life and save the allograft. Still, many patients lose their grafted kidneys because of this infection. BKPyV microRNAs (miRNAs) have been detected in KTRs during viral infection. BKPyV produces two mature miRNAs that are named BKV-miR-B1-5p and BKV-miR-B1-3p. Additionally, BKPyV associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in kidney transplanted patients cause changes in the expression level of host genes and miRNAs such as IFN-ɣ, BCLA2A1, has-miR-10, and has-miR-30a. BKVAN can alter viral genes and miRNAs expression level, too, like viral miRNAs and T-Ag. However, their potential value as viral infection markers and the regulatory network produced by their expression during viral-host interactions needs more consideration since there are no approved medications for treating BKPyV-related diseases in KTRs. Hence, it is vital to recognize complicated facts regarding the impact of BKPyV infection on the distribution of miRNAs and mRNAs within the host cell and the virus. This article is categorized under: Translation > Regulation RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.

肾移植受者早期发现BK多瘤病毒(BKPyV)感染可提高其生存质量,挽救同种异体移植。尽管如此,许多患者还是因为这种感染而失去了移植的肾脏。在病毒感染期间,在KTRs中检测到BKPyV microrna (miRNAs)。BKPyV产生两种成熟的mirna,分别命名为BKV-miR-B1-5p和BKV-miR-B1-3p。此外,肾移植患者的BKPyV相关肾病(BKVAN)引起宿主基因和mirna(如IFN- α、BCLA2A1、has-miR-10和has-miR-30a)表达水平的变化。BKVAN也可以改变病毒基因和mirna的表达水平,如病毒mirna和T-Ag。然而,它们作为病毒感染标志物的潜在价值以及它们在病毒-宿主相互作用过程中表达产生的调控网络需要更多的考虑,因为目前还没有批准的药物用于治疗KTRs中bkpyv相关疾病。因此,认识到BKPyV感染对宿主细胞和病毒内mirna和mrna分布影响的复杂事实是至关重要的。本文分类为:翻译>调控RNA加工>小RNA加工>疾病与发展中的RNA >疾病中的RNA。
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引用次数: 0
Caught in the act-Visualizing ribonucleases during eukaryotic ribosome assembly. 在真核核糖体组装过程中捕获的活动可视化核糖核酸酶。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1766
Claudia Schneider, Katherine E Bohnsack

Ribosomes are essential macromolecular machines responsible for translating the genetic information encoded in mRNAs into proteins. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNAs and proteins (rRNAs and RPs) and the rRNAs fulfill both catalytic and architectural functions. Excision of the mature eukaryotic rRNAs from their precursor transcript is achieved through a complex series of endoribonucleolytic cleavages and exoribonucleolytic processing steps that are precisely coordinated with other aspects of ribosome assembly. Many ribonucleases involved in pre-rRNA processing have been identified and pre-rRNA processing pathways are relatively well defined. However, momentous advances in cryo-electron microscopy have recently enabled structural snapshots of various pre-ribosomal particles from budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and human cells to be captured and, excitingly, these structures not only allow pre-rRNAs to be observed before and after cleavage events, but also enable ribonucleases to be visualized on their target RNAs. These structural views of pre-rRNA processing in action allow a new layer of understanding of rRNA maturation and how it is coordinated with other aspects of ribosome assembly. They illuminate mechanisms of target recognition by the diverse ribonucleases involved and reveal how the cleavage/processing activities of these enzymes are regulated. In this review, we discuss the new insights into pre-rRNA processing gained by structural analyses and the growing understanding of the mechanisms of ribonuclease regulation. This article is categorized under: Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis RNA Processing > rRNA Processing.

核糖体是重要的大分子机器,负责将mrna编码的遗传信息翻译成蛋白质。核糖体由核糖体rna和蛋白质(RNAs和RPs)组成,RNAs具有催化和结构功能。成熟的真核rna从前体转录物上的切除是通过一系列复杂的核糖核酸内裂解和核糖核酸外裂解加工步骤实现的,这些步骤与核糖体组装的其他方面精确协调。许多参与前rrna加工的核糖核酸酶已经被确定,前rrna加工途径也相对明确。然而,低温电子显微镜技术的重大进步最近使得从出芽酵母(酿酒酵母)和人类细胞中捕获各种前核糖体颗粒的结构快照成为可能,令人兴奋的是,这些结构不仅允许在切割事件前后观察前rrna,而且还使核糖核酸酶能够在其靶rna上可视化。这些关于pre-rRNA加工过程的结构观点让我们对rRNA成熟及其如何与核糖体组装的其他方面进行协调有了新的理解。他们阐明了多种核糖核酸酶参与的靶标识别机制,并揭示了这些酶的切割/加工活性是如何被调节的。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了通过结构分析获得的关于pre-rRNA加工的新见解以及对核糖核酸酶调控机制的日益了解。本文分类如下:翻译>核糖体生物发生RNA加工> rRNA加工。
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引用次数: 2
microRNAs-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications in liver fibrosis. 基于微rna的肝纤维化诊断和治疗应用。
IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1773
Xingtao Zhao, Xinyan Xue, Zhifu Cui, Felix Kwame Amevor, Yan Wan, Ke Fu, Cheng Wang, Cheng Peng, Yunxia Li

Liver fibrosis is a process of over-extracellular matrix (ECM) aggregation and angiogenesis, which develops into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the increasing pressure of liver fibrosis, new therapeutics to cure this disease requires much attention. Exosome-cargoed microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging approaches in the precision of the liver fibrotic paradigm. In this review, we outlined the different types of hepatic cells derived miRNAs that drive intra-/extra-cellular interactive communication in liver fibrosis with different physiological and pathological processes. Specifically, we highlighted the possible mechanism of liver fibrosis pathogenesis associated with immune response and angiogenesis. In addition, potential clinical biomarkers and different stem cell transplant-derived miRNAs-based therapeutic strategies in liver fibrosis were summarized in this review. miRNAs-based approaches might help researchers devise new candidates for the cell-free treatment of liver fibrosis. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.

肝纤维化是一个过度细胞外基质(ECM)聚集和血管生成的过程,最终发展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)。随着肝纤维化压力的增加,新的治疗方法需要引起人们的重视。外泌体装载的microRNAs (miRNAs)是肝纤维化模式精确的新兴方法。在这篇综述中,我们概述了不同类型的肝细胞来源的mirna,这些mirna驱动肝纤维化中具有不同生理和病理过程的细胞内/细胞外相互作用通讯。具体来说,我们强调了与免疫反应和血管生成相关的肝纤维化发病机制。此外,本文还综述了肝纤维化潜在的临床生物标志物和基于干细胞移植来源的mirnas的不同治疗策略。基于mirna的方法可能帮助研究人员设计出无细胞肝纤维化治疗的新候选药物。本文分类为:RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease。
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引用次数: 2
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Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA
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