Pub Date : 2026-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122157
A. Rezaei Sameti, M.R. Vafaei Sefti, A.R. Khoei
The unique properties of nanoporous aluminum foams include high surface area, low density, and excellent mechanical properties that extend their use in many industrial applications, including aerospace, energy absorption, catalysis, and biomedical devices. In the present paper, the damping characteristics and mechanical behavior of aluminum nanofoam under cyclic deformation are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The initial structures, with relative densities of 40%, 50%, and 60%, are generated through Voronoi tessellation to create a nanoporous configuration. After stabilization under controlled environmental conditions, cyclic loading is applied at strain peaks ranging from 1% to 6%. Variations of several mechanical properties, such as hysteresis energy, elastic modulus, damping ratio, residual strain, and residual stress are evaluated under the cyclic loading conditions. Evaluation of stressstrain graphs and radial distribution function are also presented to elucidate the deformation mechanisms in the nanofoam. The results also point out the role of relative density and strain amplitude in energy dissipation, elastic modulus evolution, and residual strain stabilization. The energy dissipation and damping ratio are higher for the lower-density nanofoams with more pronounced plastic deformation and pore collapse, while higher-density nanofoams showed greater structural stability with reduced sensitivity to cyclic loading. In addition, the trend in the damping ratio and elastic modulus confirms the high potential of aluminum nanofoam in effective vibration damping and energy absorption.
{"title":"Cyclic deformation-induced stabilization and damping mechanisms in Aluminum nanofoam; A molecular dynamics study","authors":"A. Rezaei Sameti, M.R. Vafaei Sefti, A.R. Khoei","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122157","url":null,"abstract":"The unique properties of nanoporous aluminum foams include high surface area, low density, and excellent mechanical properties that extend their use in many industrial applications, including aerospace, energy absorption, catalysis, and biomedical devices. In the present paper, the damping characteristics and mechanical behavior of aluminum nanofoam under cyclic deformation are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The initial structures, with relative densities of 40%, 50%, and 60%, are generated through Voronoi tessellation to create a nanoporous configuration. After stabilization under controlled environmental conditions, cyclic loading is applied at strain peaks ranging from 1% to 6%. Variations of several mechanical properties, such as hysteresis energy, elastic modulus, damping ratio, residual strain, and residual stress are evaluated under the cyclic loading conditions. Evaluation of stress<span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mo is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.855ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.351ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -647.8 778.5 798.9\" width=\"1.808ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></math></script></span>strain graphs and radial distribution function are also presented to elucidate the deformation mechanisms in the nanofoam. The results also point out the role of relative density and strain amplitude in energy dissipation, elastic modulus evolution, and residual strain stabilization. The energy dissipation and damping ratio are higher for the lower-density nanofoams with more pronounced plastic deformation and pore collapse, while higher-density nanofoams showed greater structural stability with reduced sensitivity to cyclic loading. In addition, the trend in the damping ratio and elastic modulus confirms the high potential of aluminum nanofoam in effective vibration damping and energy absorption.","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-23DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122153
Zhihui Tian, Ethan Suwandi, Tomas Oppelstrup, Vasily V. Bulatov, Joel B. Harley, Fei Zhou
{"title":"Scaling kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations of grain growth with combined convolutional and graph neural networks","authors":"Zhihui Tian, Ethan Suwandi, Tomas Oppelstrup, Vasily V. Bulatov, Joel B. Harley, Fei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-23DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122154
Jiawei Lu, Ryan Khawarizmi, Patrick Kwon, Thomas R. Bieler
{"title":"Deformation mechanisms causing segmented chip formation when turning STA Ti-6Al-4V: part II – adiabatic β transformation and superplastic dynamic recrystallization","authors":"Jiawei Lu, Ryan Khawarizmi, Patrick Kwon, Thomas R. Bieler","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-23DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122155
Hong-Yi Li, Tong Li, Fuhua Cao, Yuanyuan Tan, Yan Chen, Haiying Wang, Lan-Hong Dai
Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) show considerable promise for high-temperature structural applications. However, the poor room-temperature ductility severely limits their practical engineering applications. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale B2 chemical-order domain (COD) tuning strategy that enables Al-Ti-Zr-Nb refractory high-entropy superalloy to achieve uniform tensile plasticity of 20.1% and yield strength of 1,010 MPa. A high density of CODs effectively hinders dislocation motion, and triggers a unique dislocation multiplication driven by double cross-slip. These multiplied dislocations advance into the planar slip bands, forming entanglements with pre-existing dislocations. This enhances the glide resistance for subsequent dislocations, forcing them to transition onto higher-order slip planes via cross-slip. Notably, the fission of the planar slip bands halts the original slip plane softening process. Furthermore, cross-slip-induced dislocations interact with those on adjacent slip planes, initiating chain reactions. This dislocation activity, akin to a cascade of falling dominoes, propagates plastic deformation into underformed regions, thereby mitigating stress concentration. This strategy provides a viable ductilization strategy for RHEAs, facilitating their deployment in structural applications.
{"title":"Ductilizing refractory high-entropy superalloy via planar-slip fission","authors":"Hong-Yi Li, Tong Li, Fuhua Cao, Yuanyuan Tan, Yan Chen, Haiying Wang, Lan-Hong Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122155","url":null,"abstract":"Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) show considerable promise for high-temperature structural applications. However, the poor room-temperature ductility severely limits their practical engineering applications. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale B2 chemical-order domain (COD) tuning strategy that enables Al-Ti-Zr-Nb refractory high-entropy superalloy to achieve uniform tensile plasticity of 20.1% and yield strength of 1,010 MPa. A high density of CODs effectively hinders dislocation motion, and triggers a unique dislocation multiplication driven by double cross-slip. These multiplied dislocations advance into the planar slip bands, forming entanglements with pre-existing dislocations. This enhances the glide resistance for subsequent dislocations, forcing them to transition onto higher-order slip planes via cross-slip. Notably, the fission of the planar slip bands halts the original slip plane softening process. Furthermore, cross-slip-induced dislocations interact with those on adjacent slip planes, initiating chain reactions. This dislocation activity, akin to a cascade of falling dominoes, propagates plastic deformation into underformed regions, thereby mitigating stress concentration. This strategy provides a viable ductilization strategy for RHEAs, facilitating their deployment in structural applications.","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-23DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122139
Francesco Maresca, Alireza Ghafarollahi, William A. Curtin
{"title":"Strength of screw dislocations in BCC non-dilute and high-entropy alloys","authors":"Francesco Maresca, Alireza Ghafarollahi, William A. Curtin","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fine-grained microstructures are essential for achieving high strength in metallic polycrystals, and oxide dispersion is an effective strategy to suppress grain coarsening. However, during sintering, oxide-induced grain boundary (GB) pinning is often accompanied by sluggish densification, as both processes are thermally activated. Herein, we establish a correlation between the intrinsic growth behavior of second-phase oxides (Al, Ce, La, Zr) and the sintering kinetics of oxide-dispersion-strengthened W (ODS-W) alloys through experiments and first-principles calculations. A nearly linear relationship is revealed between the apparent sintering activation energy and oxide growth mobility. In contrast to the conventional view that second-phase particles inhibit diffusion and densification, as observed in W-La2O3 and W-CeO2 alloys, Al- or Zr-oxide-strengthened W alloys display a strikingly opposite effect, promoting sintering and achieving high relative densities (∼ 95 %) at a low temperature of ∼ 1500°C. Zr and Al species preferentially exist as atomically dispersed or small-cluster states, which reduce W vacancy formation energies and diffusion barriers, thereby facilitating rapid atomic transport along W GBs during sintering. Accelerated densification leads to ultrafine-grained microstructures (∼300 nm), where the combined effects of grain refinement and oxide dispersion strengthening (ODS) deliver high hardness (740.7 HV) and compressive yield strength (2288.86 MPa), positioning them among the best-performing W alloys reported to date.
{"title":"Oxide-induced fast densification in W alloys","authors":"Fengsong Fan, Sijia Liu, Jie Wang, Haifeng Xu, Huihuang Song, Qiang Chen, Haoyang Wu, Deyin Zhang, Baorui Jia, Xuanhui Qu, Mingli Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122146","url":null,"abstract":"Fine-grained microstructures are essential for achieving high strength in metallic polycrystals, and oxide dispersion is an effective strategy to suppress grain coarsening. However, during sintering, oxide-induced grain boundary (GB) pinning is often accompanied by sluggish densification, as both processes are thermally activated. Herein, we establish a correlation between the intrinsic growth behavior of second-phase oxides (Al, Ce, La, Zr) and the sintering kinetics of oxide-dispersion-strengthened W (ODS-W) alloys through experiments and first-principles calculations. A nearly linear relationship is revealed between the apparent sintering activation energy and oxide growth mobility. In contrast to the conventional view that second-phase particles inhibit diffusion and densification, as observed in W-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and W-CeO<sub>2</sub> alloys, Al- or Zr-oxide-strengthened W alloys display a strikingly opposite effect, promoting sintering and achieving high relative densities (∼ 95 %) at a low temperature of ∼ 1500°C. Zr and Al species preferentially exist as atomically dispersed or small-cluster states, which reduce W vacancy formation energies and diffusion barriers, thereby facilitating rapid atomic transport along W GBs during sintering. Accelerated densification leads to ultrafine-grained microstructures (∼300 nm), where the combined effects of grain refinement and oxide dispersion strengthening (ODS) deliver high hardness (740.7 HV) and compressive yield strength (2288.86 MPa), positioning them among the best-performing W alloys reported to date.","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122147
Amit Kumar Singh, Priyanka Agrawal, Eric Kusterer, Fredrick N. Michael, Rajiv S. Mishra
Tungsten-based alloys exhibit poor printability during laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) due to their high crack susceptibility index (CSI) and intrinsic brittleness associated with a high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, leading to severe solidification cracking in additively manufactured components. Addressing this challenge requires alloy design strategies that reduce crack susceptibility while maintaining the high-temperature capability of tungsten alloys. In this study, two ternary alloys, W–10Nb–xC (x = 0.45 and 1.0 wt.%), were designed using an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) framework to investigate the role of interstitial carbon in mitigating cracking during PBF-LB processing. The crack susceptibility index was evaluated using CALPHAD-based thermodynamic calculations coupled with heat-transfer and material-flow simulations representative of PBF-LB conditions. A modified back-diffusion treatment was incorporated to account for solute redistribution under the high cooling rates associated with variations in laser scanning speed. Increasing carbon content promotes a higher volume fraction of carbide phases, which is typically expected to increase brittleness and cracking susceptibility. However, CALPHAD-based CSI calculations predict that the lower eutectic alloy (0.45 wt.% C) exhibits higher cracking susceptibility than the 1.0 wt.% C alloy, consistent with experimental observations. The improved printability of the higher-carbon alloy arises from the formation of coarser eutectic structures that enhance liquid backfilling and accommodate tensile strains during solidification. Although both alloys exhibit compressive strengths of ∼1200 MPa at room temperature, the higher fraction of WC and NbC carbides in the 1.0 wt.% C alloy reduces strain relative to 0.45 wt.% C alloy.
{"title":"Crack susceptibility of novel W-Nb-C alloy for laser beam powder bed fusion additive manufacturing","authors":"Amit Kumar Singh, Priyanka Agrawal, Eric Kusterer, Fredrick N. Michael, Rajiv S. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122147","url":null,"abstract":"Tungsten-based alloys exhibit poor printability during laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) due to their high crack susceptibility index (CSI) and intrinsic brittleness associated with a high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, leading to severe solidification cracking in additively manufactured components. Addressing this challenge requires alloy design strategies that reduce crack susceptibility while maintaining the high-temperature capability of tungsten alloys. In this study, two ternary alloys, W–10Nb–xC (x = 0.45 and 1.0 wt.%), were designed using an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) framework to investigate the role of interstitial carbon in mitigating cracking during PBF-LB processing. The crack susceptibility index was evaluated using CALPHAD-based thermodynamic calculations coupled with heat-transfer and material-flow simulations representative of PBF-LB conditions. A modified back-diffusion treatment was incorporated to account for solute redistribution under the high cooling rates associated with variations in laser scanning speed. Increasing carbon content promotes a higher volume fraction of carbide phases, which is typically expected to increase brittleness and cracking susceptibility. However, CALPHAD-based CSI calculations predict that the lower eutectic alloy (0.45 wt.% C) exhibits higher cracking susceptibility than the 1.0 wt.% C alloy, consistent with experimental observations. The improved printability of the higher-carbon alloy arises from the formation of coarser eutectic structures that enhance liquid backfilling and accommodate tensile strains during solidification. Although both alloys exhibit compressive strengths of ∼1200 MPa at room temperature, the higher fraction of WC and NbC carbides in the 1.0 wt.% C alloy reduces strain relative to 0.45 wt.% C alloy.","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122143
Zhengniu Pan, Sijing Zhu, Yi Wang, Zhen Fan, Jisheng Liang, Shiyuan Zhao, Jun-Liang Chen, Zhongwei Zhang, Zhixiang Zhang, Qi Zhou, Jie Gao, Huaizhou Zhao, Lei Miao
The n-type Mg3+δ(Sb,Bi)2‐based system has recently emerged as a breakthrough class of thermoelectric (TE) materials, drawing considerable interest for its eco‐friendly composition and potential to replace conventional commercial counterparts. However, the precise regulation of grain boundaries in Mg-based materials—akin to wielding an accurate scalpel—so as to extremely optimize thermoelectric performance and device properties remains ill-defined. In this study, the incorporation of Ga into the Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 matrix via high‐energy ball milling (HBM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) yielded an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.41 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K, a superior figure of merit (ZT) exceeding 1.84 at 673 K, and a high average ZT (ZTavg) of 1.55 across 300—773 K. The lattice thermal conductivity of Ga‐modified Mg3+δ(Sb,Bi)2 is markedly reduced over the entire temperature range, primarily due to the enhanced Kapitza thermal resistivity (ρKapitza) resulting from the introduction of a liquid‐like phase at grain boundaries (GBs), which strengthens phonon scattering. while, Ohmic-like metal–semiconductor junctions form at the interfaces between the Ga/Bi secondary phases and the Mg3+δ(Sb,Bi)2 matrix lead to superior power factor. The high performance of Ga‐Mg3+δ(Sb,Bi)2 enabled a two‐pair module based on Mg3.2Ga0.04Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01/ MgAgSb to achieve a conversion efficiency (η) of ∼6.0% at ΔT = 300 K. As a result, this work demonstrates significant theoretical and practical value in areas such as thermal management and thermoelectric material design.
{"title":"Synergistic Optimization of Electrical and Thermal Transport in Mg3+δ(Sb, Bi)2 through Ga-Modified Grain Boundaries","authors":"Zhengniu Pan, Sijing Zhu, Yi Wang, Zhen Fan, Jisheng Liang, Shiyuan Zhao, Jun-Liang Chen, Zhongwei Zhang, Zhixiang Zhang, Qi Zhou, Jie Gao, Huaizhou Zhao, Lei Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122143","url":null,"abstract":"The n-type Mg<sub>3+δ</sub>(Sb,Bi)<sub>2</sub>‐based system has recently emerged as a breakthrough class of thermoelectric (TE) materials, drawing considerable interest for its eco‐friendly composition and potential to replace conventional commercial counterparts. However, the precise regulation of grain boundaries in Mg-based materials—akin to wielding an accurate scalpel—so as to extremely optimize thermoelectric performance and device properties remains ill-defined. In this study, the incorporation of Ga into the Mg<sub>3</sub>(Sb,Bi)<sub>2</sub> matrix via high‐energy ball milling (HBM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) yielded an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.41 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> at 300 K, a superior figure of merit (<em>ZT</em>) exceeding 1.84 at 673 K, and a high average <em>ZT</em> (<em>ZT<sub>avg</sub></em>) of 1.55 across 300—773 K. The lattice thermal conductivity of Ga‐modified Mg<sub>3+δ</sub>(Sb,Bi)<sub>2</sub> is markedly reduced over the entire temperature range, primarily due to the enhanced Kapitza thermal resistivity (ρ<sub>Kapitza</sub>) resulting from the introduction of a liquid‐like phase at grain boundaries (GBs), which strengthens phonon scattering. while, Ohmic-like metal–semiconductor junctions form at the interfaces between the Ga/Bi secondary phases and the Mg<sub>3+δ</sub>(Sb,Bi)<sub>2</sub> matrix lead to superior power factor. The high performance of Ga‐Mg<sub>3+δ</sub>(Sb,Bi)<sub>2</sub> enabled a two‐pair module based on Mg<sub>3.2</sub>Ga<sub>0.04</sub>Sb<sub>1.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.49</sub>Te<sub>0.01</sub>/ MgAgSb to achieve a conversion efficiency (<em>η</em>) of ∼6.0% at ΔT = 300 K. As a result, this work demonstrates significant theoretical and practical value in areas such as thermal management and thermoelectric material design.","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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