中华劳动卫生职业病杂志最新文献

Objective: To explore the method of CT quantitative evaluation of silicosis fibrosis in artificial stone and analyze its correlation with the stage of chest X-ray and lung function impairment. Methods: The clinical data of 142 patients with artificial stone silicosis who were treated at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected. These patients were diagnosed based on GBZ 70-2015 Diagnosis of Occupational Pneumoconiosis and underwent chest X-rays, chest CT scans, and lung function tests within a two-month period. The chest CT scoring method is based on the CT characteristics of silicosis, including ground-glass shadows, small nodule shadows, point-line shadows/cord-line shadows, emphysema/pulmonary bullae and patch shadows/mass shadows, with a scoring range of 0 to 25 points. Lung function indicators included FVC, FEV(1) and DLco. For inter-group comparisons of normally distributed quantitative data, one-way ANOVA was employed with LSD post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. Chi-square test was used for multi-group ratio comparisons. Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied to non-normally distributed quantitative data, followed by LSD post-hoc test. Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between pulmonary function indicators and CT fibrosis scores, Trend test was conducted using the Pearson test. Results: As the silicosis stage progressed, both the CT fibrosis score (R=0.87, P(trend)<0.001) and the degree of lung function impairment (FVC: R=-0.41, P(trend)<0.001; FEV(1): R=-0.52, P(trend)<0.001) ; DLco: R=-0.38, P(trend)<0.001) showed an increasing trend. The CT fibrosis Score demonstrated a strong positive correlation with silicosis stage (r(s)=0.85, P(trend)<0.001) and a moderate negative correlation with FVC, FEV(1), and DLco (r(s)=-0.48, -0.56, and -0.45, respectively, with all P<0.05) . Over an average follow-up period of 14 months, it was observed that changes in the CT score had a strong to moderate negative correlation with variations in FVC and FEV(1) (r(s)=-0.63 and -0.52, P<0.05) . Additionally, there was a moderate negative correlation between ground glass opacity and DLco (r(s)=-0.52, P<0.001) . Conclusion: The CT fibrosis score not only reflects pathological changes associated with artificial stone-related silicosis but also provides a more precise representation of lung function injury.

Objective: To establish a rapid method for the determination of glyphosate and glufosinate residues in plasma samples by solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) . Methods: In March 2024, plasma samples were extracted and protein precipitated with methanol and purified using a weak cation exchange (WCX) SPE cartridge. Then the samples were separated on a Dikma Polyamino HILIC column (150 mm×2.0 mm, 5 μm) with a gradient elution of 1.0 mmol/L ammonium fluoride aqueous solution (pH=11) and acetonitrile as mobile phases. Analysis was performed using an electrospray ionization source (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with internal standard quantification. The method's linearity, detection limits, spiked recovery and precision were then evaluated. Results: Glyphosate and glufosinate exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 1.0-200.0 μg/L, with correlation coefficients of 0.9986-0.9992. The limits of detection (LODs) of glyphosate and glufosinate were 0.5 and 1.0 μg/L, respectively. At low, medium and high spiked concentrations, the spiked recovery rates and precision for glyphosate and glufosinate in plasma ranged from 92.5% to 113.2% and 3.01% to 11.23%, respectively. Conclusion: The SPE-LC-MS/MS method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate, and is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of glyphosate and glufosinate in plasma from poisoned patients.

Objective: To establish an atomic fluorescence detection method for bismuth and bismuth telluride (Bi(2)Te(3)) in the air of workplaces. Methods: In March 2024, the acetate-fiber filter material was digested by ultrawave and detected by atomic fluorescence spectrometry to obtain the content of bismuth and Bi(2)Te(3) in the air of the workplace. Results: The correlation coefficients of standard curve were above 0.9990, The detection limit of bismuth was 0.02 μg/L, the minimum detection concentration was 0.02 μg/m(3), the minimum quantitation concentration was 0.06 μg/m(3), the minimum detection concentration and the minimum quantitation concentration of Bi(2)Te(3) was 0.03 μg/m(3) and 0.09 μg/m(3) respectively. The digestion efficiency ranged from 98.6% to 102 %, the RSDs of intra-batch and inter-batch were below 1.3% and 4.0% respectively. The samples were stable within 7 days, and interference elements of 1.0 mg/L (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn, Zr) do not affect the detection of bismuth. Conclusion: This method is simple, fast, accurate, and highly sensitive, and can meet the requirements of the determination of bismuth and bismuth telluride in the air of working place.

Objective: To explore the relationship between work engagement, job burnout, and mental health among full-time and part-time student management staff in universities in Xinjiang, and to provide a scientific basis for developing differentiated mental health intervention measures. Methods: By using the method of cluster random sampling, 1267 student management staff from five universities in Urumqi were selected as the research subjects from March 2020 to December 2021. Data collection was conducted using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) , the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) , and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) . Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship among work engagement, job burnout and mental health. Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of mental health, and the mediating effect of job burnout was analyzed through the mediating effect test. Results: The detection proportions of job burnout and psychological disorders were 80.5% (525/652) and 38.5% (251/652) among full-time personnel, and 75.3% (463/615) and 30.2% (186/615) among part-time personnel, respectively. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that work engagement was negatively correlated with psychological disorders (r(s)=-0.720, -0.760, P<0.001) and job burnout (r(s)=-0.776, -0.700, P<0.001) in both full-time and part-time personnel, while job burnout was positively correlated with psychological disorders (r(s)=0.804, 0.718, P<0.001) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high work engagement (full-time: OR=0.05, 95%CI: 0.02-0.18; part-time: OR=0.02, 95%CI: 0.01-0.04) was a protective factor for mental health (P<0.001) , whereas job burnout (full-time: OR=10.85, 95%CI: 3.50-33.58; part-time: OR=3.71, 95%CI: 1.76-7.76) was a risk factor for mental health (P<0.001) . Mediating effect tests demonstrated that job burnout played a partial mediating effect between work engagement and mental health, with mediating effect proportions of 57.3% and 27.9% for full-time and part-time personnel, respectively. Conclusion: The detection proportions of job burnout and psychological disorders among full-time and part-time student management staff in Xinjiang universities are relatively high, and job burnout acts as a mediating variable between work engagement and mental health. Universities should enhance the work engagement level of student management staff to prevent and alleviate job burnout, and thereby improving their mental health status.

In workplaces where formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid and water vapor coexist, dichloromethyl ether can be produced. Dichloromethyl ether has strong carcinogenicity. Its target organ is the lungs, and the common tissue type of lung cancer is small cell lung cancer. This paper analyzes the cause of a case of occupational tumor (lung cancer caused by dichloromethyl ether) in the electroplating industry. Through the use of on-site occupational health investigation method, engineering analysis method and detection and inspection method, the occupational disease diagnosis is diagnosed in combination with the patient's occupational contact history, clinical symptoms and workplace occupational disease hazard factors. According to GBZ 94-2017 "Diagnosis of Occupational Tumor", the patient in this case was clearly diagnosed with primary lung cancer and was diagnosed as an occupational tumor (lung cancer caused by dichloromethyl ether) .

Objective: To construct a structural equation model for neck work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the footwear industry and analyze the mediating effect of fatigue in the model. Methods: From November 2018 to December 2019, stratified cluster sampling was adopted to select all the workers (3565 people) from 7 footwear enterprises in Fujian Province as the research subjects. The incidence of WMSDs, fatigue and work-related condition were investigated by using the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. A structural equation model of individual factors, work type, work posture, work organization factors, and fatigue on neck WMSDs was constructed to analyze the mediating effect of fatigue among them. Results: The incidence rate of WMSDs in the neck of footwear workers was 39.6% (1413/3565) , and the incidence rate of neck fatigue was 46.6% (1662/3565) .The final structural equation model was constructed with a χ(2)/df of 9.927, a goodness-of-fit index of 0.961, an adjusted goodness-of-fit index of 0.946, and a root mean square error of approximation of 0.050. Except for the χ(2)/df, all other fit indicators met the standard. Individual factors and work posture factors had a direct effect on neck WMSDs, with standardized path coefficients of 0.101 and 0.077, respectively (P<0.05) . Individual factors, work type, work posture, and work organization had indirect effects on neck WMSDs through fatigue, the standardized path coefficients of indirect effects were 0.163, 0.090, 0.206, 0.105, respectively, and the standardized path coefficients of the total effect were 0.264, 0.090, 0.282, and 0.105 respectively (P<0.05) . The indirect effects of individual factors and work posture factors on neck WMSDs through fatigue accounted for 61.74% and 73.05% of the total effects, respectively. The standardized path coefficient of fatigue on WMSDs was 0.689 (P<0.001) , with the highest coefficient among all paths. Conclusion: Individual factors, work type, work posture, and work organization factors are important influencing factors in the occurrence and development of neck WMSDs in the footwear industry, and fatigue plays an important mediating role in them.

As a new strategic resource, rare earth elements have important applications in modernization and sustainable development, and are widely used in many fields such as clean energy, industrial materials and medical imaging. However, rare earth elements are also an emerging group of pollutants that can be transferred from the environment to humans through various pathways, with potential hazards to our health. Occupational and environmental exposures are common ways of exposure to rare earth elements. This work provides an overview of the distribution of rare earth elements in humans, discusses the potential harmful effects of occupational and environmental exposures to rare earth elements in terms of respiratory, reproductive, neurological systems, etc.

Occupational heavy metal exposure has become a critical issue in China's high-quality economic development within the field of occupational health. Current occupational exposure now extends beyond traditional contaminants like lead and mercury to include emerging materials such as rare earth elements, forming a dual pollution pattern that combines both conventional and novel pollutants. These substances can damage multiple bodily systems including the nervous and respiratory systems, imposing significant disease burdens on working populations. This paper examines the mechanisms of traditional heavy metals' toxicity, highlighting their distinct indirect neurotoxic effects compared to previous understanding. It analyzes exposure pathways and multi-system toxicological effects of rare earth elements, clarifying current gaps in their toxicology research and standardization efforts while identifying future research directions. The study aims to provide theoretical references for improving occupational heavy metal exposure prevention systems, thereby laying the foundation for safeguarding workers' health and addressing new challenges in modern occupational health.

Objective: Analyze the correlation between exposure to occupational hazard factors and clinical characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to provide a basis for early identification and prevention of occupational-related COPD. Methods: In May 2020, a study was conducted involving 258 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with occupational exposure history from three general hospitals in Jinan City. Such as symptoms, signs and the percentage of forced expiratory volnmein one second to predicted valve (FEV(1)%pred) collectted exposure to occupational hazard factors such as length of strvice and types of exposure. Clinical characteristics were analyzed through questionnaire surveys and COPD-related data collection. Group comparisons employed t-tests or F-tests, while non-parametric tests were applied to non-normal distribution data. Differences in categorical variables between groups were examined using χ(2)-tests or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analysis was performed using generalized linear models, with normal distribution correlation analyses conducted through linear regression. Results: Among 258 patients, 145 were male (56.2%) and 113 were female (43.8%), with 210 being smokers (81.4%). The exposure dust primarily consisted of plant-based organic dust (157 cases, 75.5%) and carbon-containing inorganic dust (24 cases, 11.5%). The majority (94 cases, 36.4%) were diagnosed in the 60+ age group. Regarding pulmonary function severity, 55 patients (21.3%) had mild airflow limitation, 99 (38.4%) moderate, 64 (24.8%) severe, and 40 (15.5%) very severe. For acute exacerbation hospitalizations within the past year, 195 (75.6%) had fewer than 2 hospitalizations, while 63 (24.4%) had more than 2. Comprehensive severity assessment showed most patients (91 cases, 35.3%) were in Group B and 62 (24.0%) in Group D. mMRC scores ranged from 0-1 (58.9%) and 2-4 (106 cases, 41.1%). The average CAT questionnaire score was 17.45±1.68. Respiratory symptoms significantly increased with higher occupational hazard exposure levels (P<0.05). Moderate-to-high risk exposure showed a correlation with disease severity, with OR values (95%CI) of 1.30 (1.10-1.53) and 1.38 (1.20-1.59). There was a certain correlation between high risk exposure and the number of acute exacerbations in COPD patients in the past year, OR value (95%CI) was 1.410 (1.33-1.50) . Conclusion: Contact level is a major hazard factor affecting COPD respiratory symptoms, disease severity, and number of acute exacerbations. Older age at diagnosis, lower literacy, more smoking and higher exposure level, patients had worse lung function and more severe clinical symptoms.

With the advancement of information technology and intelligent systems, smart workplaces have become mainstream, accompanied by a growing workforce engaged in screen-based work. The persistent or prolonged close-up use of computer and visual display terminal (VDT) equipment has significantly increased occupational eye health risks. This paper provides a comprehensive review of common workplace eye disorders (such as visual fatigue and dry eye syndrome) among screen users, analyzes associated risk factors, and proposes management strategies to identify occupational hazards and promote workforce wellness.