中华劳动卫生职业病杂志最新文献

Objective: To establish the air-liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) model of human bronchial epithelial cells (Calu3 cells) , evaluate the toxic effects of silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) particles on airway epithelial cells, and construct a representative in vitro inhalation exposure toxicity evaluation model for dust. Methods: In January 2025, SiO(2) particles were exposed using the cloud exposure system to establish the Calu3 cells ALICE model. The experimental groups were classified into control group, low dose SiO(2) group (1 μg/cm(2)) , medium dose SiO(2) group (5 μg/cm(2)) , and high dose SiO(2) group (10 μg/cm(2)) . Calu3 cells were seeded in 12-well Transwell chambers and exposed for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured by LDH cytotoxicity assay. The concentrations of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , interleukin-8 (IL-8) , and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . The expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) , E-Cadherin, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) was observed by immunofluorescence double labeling. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for comparisons among multiple groups, followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test for pairwise comparisons. Results: Compared with the control group, the cell survival rates in the low, medium, and high dose groups, declined following a 24 hours exposure to SiO(2) particles, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the LDH activity in the low dose group increased after 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values in the low, medium, and high dose groups [respectively (753.3±55.4) , (595.3±55.0) , and (625.7±43.8) Ω·cm(2)] decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01) . Compared with the control group, the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 increased in the low dose group, and the expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 increased in the low and medium dose groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01) . Immunofluorescence detection indicated that the fluorescence signals of ZO-1 and E-Cadherin on the cell membrane were weakened, the integrity of the cell membrane was compromised, and the fluorescence intensity of MUC5AC increased. Conclusion: Low dose SiO(2) particle exposure can induce structural and functional damage in Calu3 cells, thereby affecting the normal mucus clearance and defense mechanisms of respiratory epithelial cells.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis in Beijing and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods: In January 2024, through the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System, the incidence of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Beijing from 2005 to 2021 was collected. The basic information, stage, region, industry, enterprise scale, age of occupational disease diagnosis and dust exposure length characteristics of the cases were analyzed. Descriptive analysis methods were used to analyze the case data. Results: A total of 19329 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were newly diagnosed in Beijing from 2005 to 2021, mainly coal worker's pneumoconiosis (16789 cases, accounting for 86.86%) and silicosis (819 cases, accounting for 4.24%) , and 16800 cases (accounting for 86.92%) were stage Ⅰ cases. Occupational pneumoconiosis cases were mainly concentrated in Mentougou District (8825 cases, accounting for 45.66%) , Fangshan District (8671 cases, accounting for 44.86%) . There were 8012 cases (accounting for 41.45%) in coal and anthracite mining and washing industry, and 7818 cases (accounting for 40.45%) in coal mining and washing industry. There were 14207 cases of large enterprises (accounting for 73.50%) . The age at diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis cases was 55 (47, 64) years old, and the working years exposed to dust were 15 (9, 25) years. Conclusion: The newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis in Beijing has obvious regional and industry aggregation. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of employers in key areas and industries, strengthen the protection knowledge training of workers, improve the protection awareness, and protect the occupational health of workers.

Objective: To explore the prevalence trends and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among hospital medical staff, with the goal of providing scientific support for the formulation and improvement of hospital occupational health management policies. Methods: From January to February 2025, a total of 1029 frontline medical staff from a hospital in Tianjin were selected using a convenient sampling method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire to assess the occurrence of WMSDs in various body regions over the past year. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential influencing factors for WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, back, and lower back. Results: The overall incidence rate of WMSDs among medical staff was 59.48% (612/1029) . The top four incidence rates of WMSDs in different body parts were 42.95% (442/1029) for the lower back, 41.59% (428/1029) for the neck, 36.64% (377/1029) for the shoulders, and 28.47% (293/1029) for the back. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male and prolonged neck flexion were influencing factors for WMSDs in the neck of medical staff (OR=0.38, 3.15, P<0.001) . Male, night-shift work, insufficient rest time, and physical exertion difficulties caused by improper posture were influencing factors for WMSDs in the shoulders (OR=0.57, 1.47, 0.61, 1.60, P<0.05) . Night-shift work, insufficient rest time, and physical exertion difficulties caused by improper posture were influencing factors for WMSDs in the back (OR=1.52, 0.66, 1.74, P<0.05) . Male and working years ≥ 31 were influencing factors for WMSDs in the lower back (OR=0.41, 2.69, P<0.001) . Conclusion: The incidence of WMSDs among hospital medical staff is high and closely linked to factors like workload, work posture, and individual characteristics. Targeted intervention measures should be taken to improve the occupational health status of medical staff.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common musculoskeletal disorder. In severe cases, it can lead to median nerve damage and loss of hand function. Occupational carpal tunnel syndrome, as a newly included disease in the category of occupational diseases, poses significant risks to the health of workers and has become a research hotspot in recent years. The diagnosis of this disease relies on clinical symptoms, neurological physical examination and related imaging tests. This article analyzes ultrasound examination techniques such as high-frequency ultrasonography, color Doppler ultrasonography, superb microvascular imaging combined with shear wave elastography, and high-frequency ultrasonography combined with grayscale technology, and conducts ultrasonography diagnosis and evaluation of lesions in the median nerve, transverse carpal ligament, etc., providing a scientific basis for the ultrasonography diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the blood lead levels of lead-exposed workers in Jiangsu Province and to assess the occupational health risk in the workplace. Methods: In April 2023, a study was conducted to monitor blood lead levels in 2732 workers from 20 lead-related enterprises across 4 cities in Jiangsu Province, analyzing their distribution by gender, age, length of service, and job position. Additionally, hazardous lead exposure factors were assessed in the workplaces of these 20 enterprises, and occupational health risk evaluations were performed for lead-related positions. The inter-group comparison of count data was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: The blood lead level of the lead-exposed individuals was (227.2±151.4) μg/L. Statistically significant differences in abnormal rates of blood lead were observed among lead-exposed workers of different ages, years of service, genders, regions, and industries (P<0.05) . The abnormal blood lead rates among male workers, those over 60 years old, and those with over 25 years of service were all relatively high, at 13.12% (216/1646) , 17.91% (12/67) , and 14.29% (3/21) , respectively. According to the risk assessment results, the semi-quantitative exposure ratio method indicated that all testing positions in Suqian City were classified as high-risk. High-risk positions were identified in electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing testing roles. The non-carcinogenic risk in lead-related occupations across different regions and industries were unacceptable. Conclusion: Occupational health monitoring should be strengthened for male lead-exposed workers with advanced age and long service years, and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing workers, and targeted intervention measures should be taken.

Objective: To establish a solvent desorption-headspace gas chromatography method for simultaneously determining methanol and acetaldehyde in the air of the workplace. Methods: From June to August 2024, air samples from the workplace were collected using solvent desorption silica gel tubes. After desorption with pure water, the samples were subjected to headspace injection, and separated using a TG-WAX gas chromatography column. The contents of methanol and acetaldehyde were determined using a hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) , and the detection limits, recovery rates, and other indicators of the method were analyzed. Results: After desorption with 10.0 ml of pure water and subsequent headspace gas chromatography analysis, good linearity was demonstrated for both methanol and acetaldehyde, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999. The detection limits of the method were 0.10 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively, and the minimum detectable concentrations were 0.7 and 1.0 mg/m(3) (with a sampling volume of 1.5 L) . The relative standard deviation of precision was 0.92% to 1.45%, the average recovery rate was 97.80% to 101.50%, the desorption efficiency was 95.11% to 97.09%, and the samples could be stored at room temperature for at least 5 days. Conclusion: The solvent desorption-headspace gas chromatography method for the determination of methanol and acetaldehyde is simple, rapid, accurate, and precise, and is suitable for the simultaneous determination of methanol and acetaldehyde in the air of the workplace, meeting the detection requirements for harmful substances in the workplace air.

Objective: To reveal the occurrence of burnout and anxiety among petroleum sales personnel, explore the moderating effect of face tendency on the relationship between burnout and anxiety, and provide a new basis for the formulation of anxiety intervention strategies in petroleum sales venues. Methods: From May to August 2024, a total of 1771 petroleum sales personnel from two sales branches were selected as the research subjects by cluster sampling. Information such as burnout, face tendency, and anxiety was collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Consciousness of Social Face Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between burnout and face tendency as well as anxiety. The moderating effect model was used to evaluate and test the moderating effect of face tendency on burnout and anxiety. Results: The burnout score of 1771 petroleum sales personnel was (2.07±1.27) points, and 980 individuals (55.3%) had job burnout. The score of face tendency was (32.19±15.77) points. The anxiety score was (46.43±11.49) points, with 544 individuals (30.7%) exhibiting anxiety. Correlation analysis showed that burnout among petroleum sales personnel was positively correlated with face tendency (r(s)=0.18, P<0.001) and anxiety (r(s)=0.57, P<0.001) , and face tendency was positively correlated with anxiety (r(s)=0.37, P<0.001) . The moderating effect model analysis showed that both burnout and face tendency had positive effects on the anxiety of petroleum sales personnel (β=4.784, 0.157, P<0.001) . The face tendency of petroleum sales personnel had a moderating effect on the relationship between burnout and anxiety (△R(2)=0.049, F=162.48, P<0.001) . Conclusion: The current situation of burnout and anxiety among petroleum sales personnel is not optimistic. The face tendency has a moderating effect on anxiety caused by burnout. Targeted measures can be taken in the workplace to help employees form a healthy face recognition to alleviate anxiety.

Pneumoconiosis is an occupational lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of industrial or mineral dust, with chronic lung inflammation and progressive pulmonary fibrosis as the main pathological features. Early-stage pneumoconiosis often presents with atypical clinical symptoms, while late-stage pneumoconiosis poses severe harm to patients with limited treatment options. Therefore, early screening, accurate diagnosis, and prediction of disease burden are crucial for effectively controlling the progression of pneumoconiosis and reducing associated complications. These measures are vital for improving patients' quality of life and enhancing the efficiency of pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment. Currently, intelligent auxiliary diagnostic systems can assist clinicians in improving the accuracy of pneumoconiosis imaging diagnosis and aid in clinical treatment evaluation. This paper reviews recent literature on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in pneumoconiosis imaging and disease burden prediction. It provides an in-depth analysis of the advancements in AI for early screening, diagnosis, and disease burden assessment and prediction of pneumoconiosis. Furthermore, it explores future directions for the development of intelligent imaging diagnosis and disease burden prediction for pneumoconiosis, aiming to better support clinical decision-making.

Objective: To improve the occupational hazard risk index evaluation method, optimize its classification items and grading indexes, and provide the basis for establishing the dust occupational hazard risk assessment method in accordance with the actual situation in China. Methods: According to Classification of Occupational Hazards at Workplaces Part 1: Occupational Exposure to Industrial Dust (GBZ/T 229.1-2010), the original health effect level and exposure ratio were combined into a hazard level. According to Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemicals in the Workplace (GBZ/T 298-2017), the "number of exposed persons" in the original operating conditions was deleted, and the "occupational health management" division item was added. The classifications of "exposure time", "engineering protective measures", and "dust masks" were optimized, and various grading indicators were refined. Referring to the application matrix and permutation combination, the occupational hazard risk index was divided into 5 levels according to the quintic method. The improved occupational hazard risk index assessment method was applied to six randomly selected small and micro open-pit quarries, and Kendall's W consistency test was conducted on the results of fixed-point sampling, individual sampling assessment, and quantitative evaluation method with the 2016 version of the International Committee on Mining and Metals (ICMM) model, which is currently more mature internationally. Results: The improved occupational hazard risk index assessment method was in line with current standards and consistent with the GBZ/T 298-2017 in terms of "exposure index grading" and "risk level". The consistency tests was conducted using the improved hazard risk index assessment for fixed-point sampling, individual sampling risk ratio grading, and ICMM quantitative method, Kendall W(a)=0.685 (P=0.002) . Conclusion: The improved risk index assessment method can provide a reference for the improvement of the risk assessment method for dust occupational hazards.