中华劳动卫生职业病杂志最新文献

Objective: To identify risk factors influencing the incidence of hypertension among steelworkers (Homo sapiens) and establish an effective and easily implementable hypertension prediction model. Methods: In September 2023, 2214 steelworkers (Homo sapiens) were selected as study subjects. Basic demographic information, lifestyle, and occupational exposure data were collected, along with physiological measurements such as height, weight, and blood pressure. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was employed based on relevant literature to determine influencing factors for hypertension among steelworkers (Homo sapiens). Python 3.9 software was used to construct and compare logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), random forest, extreme gradient boosting tree (XGBoost), and LGBM models. Model performance was evaluated using metrics such as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, accuracy, calibration curves, and F1 scores. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) model was introduced for feature importance analysis to enhance the interpretability of the prediction model. Results: A total of 432 cases of hypertension were detected among 2214 study subjects, with a detection rate of 19.51%. Age, smoking status, salt intake, use of cooling equipment, carbon monoxide exposure, family history of hypertension, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin were identified as independent risk factors for hypertension (P<0.05). A comparison of the five models revealed the following performance metrics: logistic regression achieved an accuracy of 0.853, F1 score of 0.680, Brier score of 0.108, and AUC of 0.907; SVM demonstrated an accuracy of 0.863, F1 score of 0.687, Brier score of 0.081, and AUC of 0.910; random forest showed an accuracy of 0.857, F1 score of 0.603, Brier score of 0.105, and AUC of 0.861; XGBoost yielded an accuracy of 0.850, F1 score of 0.684, Brier score of 0.117, and AUC of 0.899; and the LGBM model exhibited an accuracy of 0.838, F1 score of 0.625, Brier score of 0.112, and AUC of 0.870. Conclusion: The SVM model demonstrated strong predictive performance, effectively assessing the risk of hypertension among steelworkers (Homo sapiens) and facilitating targeted health management interventions.

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among underground coal mine workers, identify the risk factors for WMSDs, and provide a scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of WMSDs. Methods: In March 2024, through cluster sampling, the on-the-job workers who underwent questionnaire surveys and health examinations at a certain coal mine from July to August 2018 were selected as the research subjects. Basic information of employees, ergonomics-related characteristics, and the occurrence status of WMSDs in each part were collected, and multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: The incidence rate of WMSDs in at least one site among underground coal mine workers within the past year was 62.22% (219/352). The top three sites in sequence were the lower back (44.32%, 156/352), neck (26.14%, 92/352), and knee (26.14%, 92/352). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that frequently exerting great force with arms or hands during work (OR=2.223, 95%CI: 1.022-4.836), prolonged static forward bending (OR=1.544, 95%CI: 1.305-1.972), and frequently exerting great effort to operate tools or machines (OR=2.206, 95%CI: 1.011-4.813), absence of external support systems (OR=1.589, 95%CI: 1.349-1.996), and repetitive full-body twisting (OR=1.523, 95%CI: 1.298-1.916) were all risk factors for the occurrence of WMSDs in the lower back (P<0.05). Both night shift work (OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.339-1.939) and frequent forward neck flexion (OR=1.532, 95%CI: 1.312-1.907) were all risk factors for the occurrence of WMSDs in the neck (P<0.05). Lifting heavy objects above the shoulder (OR=1.333, 95%CI: 1.142-1.782), uncomfortable posture and inability to exert force (OR=1.873, 95%CI: 1.104-2.712), the use of vibration tools (OR=2.958, 95%CI: 1.255-6.972), and length of service >10 years (OR=1.525, 95%CI: 1.105-1.967) were all risk factors for the occurrence of WMSDs in the knee (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The incidence of WMSDs among underground coal miners is relatively high, mainly concentrated in the lower back, neck and knee, and is related to factors such as poor working postures, and work organization. Coal mining enterprises should strengthen work organization, provide appropriate working equipment, and ensure reasonable distribution of workloads.

This study analyzes the clinical data of a patient presenting with acute poisoning following the co-ingestion of a pesticide (approximately 100-120 ml of 41% glyphosate-isopropylammonium) and alcohol (approximately 100 g of ethanol). The patient developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), manifesting as acute kidney injury (AKI), metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, acute lung injury (ALI), acute liver injury, acute intestinal injury, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Following administration of general supportive care combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and hemoperfusion (HP), the patient recovered fully and was discharged. Acute combined glyphosate and ethanol poisoning can induce MODS. Analysis of this patient's diagnosis and treatment process enhances clinicians' understanding of this toxicological presentation and offers valuable clinical insights to improve survival rates in similar cases.

Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) has a strong irritating effect on skin, eyes, etc., and inhalation can cause asthma, dyspnea, allergy and other symptoms. This paper analyzes the accident process and clinical data of a patient with chemical burns of eye and skin and pulmonary inflammation caused by HDI, so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of acute poisoning caused by HDI. At the same time, it reminds enterprises to provide safety training to workers exposed to toxins, regularly organize supervision and inspection, and improve the emergency rescue capabilities for sudden accidents.

Objective: The present study investigated the impact of gaps between the mask and human face on particle barrier protection. It revealed the inhalation and deposition patterns of 1-10 μm particles for masks with and without gaps, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing particle personal protection. Methods: The headand N95 maskmodels were established in August 2023 using three-dimensional modeling technology. The Euler-Lagrange numerical simulation method was employed to simulate inhalation airflow and particle deposition pattern. A MATLAB code was programed to generate randomly distributed particles on the spherical breathing zone, and their trajectories were tracked until deposition on the mask, face, chest, inhalation into the nasal cavity, or escape from the computational domain. Then the inhalation and deposition fractions of micrometer-sized particles were quantified, and the impact of mask gap on particle barrier protection was analyzed. Results: The high-velocity airflow region formed at the leakage site when the mask gap was present. At a nasal inhalation flow rate of 15 L/min, the proportion of inhalation flow through the gap reached 81%. Under sealed mask conditions, 71%-87% of 1-10 μm particles were intercepted within the mask, whereas this retention dropped to 42%-4% in the presence of gap. Without a mask, it was predicted that 93%-52% of particles in the 1-10 μm size range were inhaled through the nose. With a leaky mask, the inhalation fraction decreased to 34%-19%, showing a downward trend with increasing particle size. When the mask was well-fitted and properly sealed, the inhalation fraction dropped to below 1%. Moreover, the surface deposition of 1-10 μm particles on the face and upper chest reached 5%-35% when wearing mask with gap, which was dramatically higher than the 1%-20% under sealed conditions. It was also observed that particle deposition on the human face was concentrated around the eyes. Conclusion: The gaps between the mask and face significantly altered inhalation airflow dynamics, particle trajectories, and deposition pattern, substantially reducing the protective efficacy of masks. To ensure optimal protection in particulate-exposure environments, masks should be worn with a tight seal. Furthermore, facial hygiene is recommended to remove deposited particles and reduce the risk of respiratory injury or infectious disease transmission via inhalation or surface contact.

Objective: To investigate the effective ingredients and molecular mechanisms of Qizao oral liquid in the treatment of lead poisoning through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods: December 2023, the effective ingredients and their corresponding targets of Qizao oral liquid were searched from the TCM Systems Pharmacology database. Swiss Target Prediction was used to predict corresponding potential target genes of compounds. Targets associated with lead poisoning were obtained from GeneCards and OMIM databases. Cytoscape 3.10.1 software was employed to construct a components and corresponding target network as well as a components and corresponding target network, followed by visualization and cluster analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted using the Metascape database, resulting in the generation of a signaling pathway-target network diagram. Molecular docking analysis between the principal compounds and target proteins was performed using Autodock 4.2.6 and Pymol 2.2.0 software to validate their underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: A total of 114 active chemical components, 361 potential targets, 2501 lead poisoning targets, and 191 intersection targets of "Qizao oral liquid and lead poisoning" were screened. Further analysis revealed that there were 2091 entries for GO biological processes and 202 KEGG signaling pathways. Enrichment analysis showed that the key targets were mainly enriched in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that there were 14 combinations with binding energy<-5 kcal/mol, among which PIK3R1-β-sitosterol binding energy was -9.71 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The primary active components found in Qizao oral liquid, such as β-sitosterol, nuciferine, stephanine, and stigmasterol, have the potential to modulate key targets including PIK3R1, AKT1, TP53, and NFKB1. These components are capable of influencing the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as well as lipid and atherosclerosis pathways in order to mitigate the adverse effects of lead exposure.

Objective: To Exploring the protective effect of hearing protectors worn by noise workers in the petrochemical industry and the factors affecting the protective effect of hearing protectors. Methods: From June 2021 to July 2023, 929 petrochemical workers were selected as the research subjects through cluster sampling. The noise exposure of workers and the usage of two types of hearing protectors were surveyed through questionnaire surveys and on-site occupational hygiene surveys. The protective effect of hearing protectors were evaluated by testing the PAR of workers. If the noise exposure value of workers minus the PAR value was less than 85 dB (A) , it was considered passed. Otherwise, it was considered not passed. The passing rate of the protective effect test of hearing protectors was analyzed through chi square test and the influencing factors for the effectiveness of workers hearing protectors in test were explored through single factor analysis and logistic regression models. Results: Among the research subjects, 80.5% of workers (748/929) had noise exposure levels greater than 85 dB (A) . The passing rate (80.9%) of the earmuff is greater than that of the earplug (52.6%) , and the median of PAR of the earmuff is 22 (16, 25) , which is greater than that of the earplug 15 (3, 22) dB dB, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) . Univariate analysis and logistic regression models showed that length of service, exposure level to noise, and wearing comfort were the influencing factors of earplug protection effect (P<0.05) , while wearing comfort was the influencing factor of earmuff protection effect (P<0.05) . Conclusion: This study indicates that the protective effect of hearing protectors on workers in the petrochemical enterprise is poor, and the protective effect of earmuffs is greater than that of earplugs. Working experience, noise exposure level, and wearing comfort are the influencing factors of earplug protection effect, while wearing comfort is the influencing factor of earplug protection effect.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a type of organic compounds that exist in the form of vapor in the air at room temperature, and are common pollutants in industrial production and living environments. The health hazards caused by exposure to VOCs are gradually gaining recognition and social attention. At present, the research on the harm of VOCs to human health mainly involves the respiratory system, cardiovascular system and nervous system. However, in recent years, people have realized that VOCs can induce glucose metabolism disorder through insulin resistance, oxidative stress and oxidative damage, inflammatory reaction and liver damage, leading to increased blood sugar and increased potential risk of diabetes, and even increased the risk of complications of diabetes. This review summarizes the epidemiology and related mechanisms of VOCs, diabetes and its complications, providing a reference for effective prevention and control of VOC induced diabetes.

Objective: To study the subacute oral toxic effect of p-chloro-m-xylphenol on rats and provide a basis for its safety evaluation. Methods: SPF-grade Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight stratification randomization, with 20 rats in each group, half male and half female. The set concentrations of the p-chloro-m-xylphenol dose groups were 11.25, 22.50, and 45.00 mg/kg·BW respectively, with an intragastric volume of 10 ml/kg·BW. The blank control group was given the same amount of distilled water. The rats were treated with intragastric administration for 30 days. After intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg·BW pentobarbital sodium for anesthesia, bloodletting and death, the organs were separated and weighed. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta to determine the hematological and serum biochemical indicators of the whole blood of rats. Multiple groups comparison was performed by one-way analysis of variance, and pairwise comparison between groups was performed by the least significant difference test or Dunnett-t3 test. Results: The kidney weight in the 45.00 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats [ (1.59±0.11) g] was lower than that in the blank control group [ (1.71±0.12) g], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The percentage of monocytes in the 11.25 mg/kg·BW dose group of male rats [ (4.81±0.74) %] was lower than that in the blank control group [ (5.86±0.58) %], the red blood cell count [ (6.93±0.26) ×10(12)/L] and hemoglobin [ (134.30±4.95) g/L] in the 22.50 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats were both lower than those in the blank control group[ (7.48±0.26) ×10(12)/L, (146.20±4.42) g/L], the percentage of eosinophils in the 11.25 mg/kg·BW dose group of female rats [ (2.46±0.86) %] was higher than that in the blank control group [ (1.66±0.41) %], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: P-chloro-m-xylphenol may have toxic effects on the blood system of rats, and the kidneys may be the potential target organs for its toxicity.

Objective: To establish a solvent elution-liquid chromatography method for the determination of trichloroaniline concentration in the air of the workplace. Methods: From December 2023 to January 2024, 2, 4, 5-trichloroaniline, 2, 4, 6-trichloroaniline, and 3, 4, 5-trichloroaniline in the air were collected using glass fiber filter membranes. After elution with acetonitrile and filtration with a 0.22 μm mixed cellulose filter membrane, isometric elution with acetonitrile and water (volume ratio 55∶45) was performed using a C8 column (250 mm×4.6 mm×5 μm) , and detection was carried out using a photo-diode array (PDA) detector. The detection limit, precision and other indicators of the method were analyzed. Results: The separation and determination of trichloroaniline isomers were completed within 9 minutes by the solvent elution-liquid chromatography method. The linear range was 0.1-30 μg/ml, the detection limit of the method was 0.005 μg/ml, the recoveries were 88%-98%, and the relative standard deviation was 0.3%-3.2%. Conclusion: The solvent elution-liquid chromatography method for the determination of trichloroaniline is simple and efficient. Both the recovery and precision meet the standard requirements for the determination of toxic substances in the workplace, and it is suitable for the detection of trichloroaniline in the workplace.