中华劳动卫生职业病杂志最新文献

Objective: To explore the potential evidence of active peripheral nerve necrosis when n-hexane produces toxic effects on peripheral nerves. Methods: In May 2023, 36 SPF grade SD male rats with a body weight of 200-220 g were divided into 4 groups with 9 rats in each group and given normal saline and different doses of n-hexane (168, 675, 2 700 mg/kg) by gavage for 6 consecutive weeks (5 days/week). Three rats in each group were killed at the 2nd, 4th and 6th week, respectively. The spinal cord to sciatic nerve tissue was broken and the supernatant was extracted for SDS-PAGE protein isolation. The expression level of Sarm1 protein was analyzed with the β-Actin color strip of internal reference protein by Western blot. The expression of Sarm1 protein was analyzed by the gray ratio of the two. At the 6th week, the sciatic nerve sections of the each group were observed by light microscope and electron microscope. Results: The number of axons was obviously reduced by light microscopy. According to electron microscope, myelin lesions were mainly local disintegration, deformation, and different thickness. The deformation of axonal surface became smaller. The axons in the nerve bundle membrane showed degeneration and reduction. The gray ratio of Sarm1 protein and internal reference protein bands in each group had no significant change at the second week of exposure, and the ratio of SARM1 protein to internal reference protein bands was 1.47 in the high dose group at the fourth week, and 1.51 and 1.89 in the middle and high dose group at the sixth week, respectively. Conclusion: Waller's degeneration was observed in sciatic neuropathologic manifestations of n-hexane-poisoned rats, and the expression level of Sarm1 protein increased.

This paper analyzes the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment measures and prognosis of a case of methemoglobin and hemolytic anemia caused by acute nitrogen trifluoride poisoning. The patient with occupational exposure to nitrogen trifluoride was treated immediately after the onset of illness, methemoglobin was monitored and a comprehensive examination was conducted. After comprehensive analysis, it was considered that acute nitrogen trifluoride poisoning could cause methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia and liver injury. The patient was disengaged and given symptomatic treatment such as oxygen therapy, methylene blue, low-dose methylpredrone, vitamin C and reduced glutathione. The prognosis of the patient is good, which provides a reference for the clinical treatment and occupational health examination of nitrogen trifluoride poisoning.

Sulfuryl fluoride is a kind of pesticide with strong permeability, convenient use at low temperature, non-corrosive and other characteristics, which can kill food pests and has strong lethality to termites. In acute sulfuryl fluoride poisoning, patients can see recurrent convulsions, epileptic electroencephalogram abnormalities such as matrix spikes or high amplitude spikes. In this paper, a patient with sulfuryl fluoride poisoning with convulsion-based mental system symptoms was reported, and after clinical treatment with dexamethasone and phenobarbital sodium, the patient was cured and discharged.

Through the report of 4 cases of occupational heatstroke among sanitation workers working in high-temperature weather, this study analyzes the risk of occupational heatstroke among workers in the environmental sanitation industry working in high-temperature weather, and provides scientific suggestions for standardizing occupational health management, safeguarding the health rights and interests of workers, and preventing the occurrence of occupational heatstroke in summer. Through case analysis, we aim to raise high awareness of the occupational health of sanitation workers in the whole society, in order to provide a scientific and healthy working environment for sanitation workers and promote their physical and mental health.

Objective: To explore the effect of simulated gas of thermobaric bomb charge explosion on cognitive function and the related mechanism of damage. Methods: In January 2022, thirty-two SPF rats were selected and randomly divided into control group, exposed group 1, 2 and 3 (the exposure time of the simulated gas of the explosion of the thermobaric bomb charge was 5 min, 10 min and 15 min, respectively) according to random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. The simulated gas of the explosion of the thermobaric bomb charge were CO 0.15%, CO(2) 3%, NO 0.1%, O(2) 15%, and the rest were N(2). After 30 days of exposure, water maze was used to detect the learning and memory function of rats. Golgi staining was used to observe the number distribution and morphological structure of hippocampal neurons in rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Tau-5, pSer262, pSer396, pThr181 and pThr231 proteins in rats. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the design data of repeated measure, one-way ANOVA was used for multi-group mean comparison, and LSD method was used for pound-wise comparison. Results: There were significant differences in the results of repeated measurement ANOVA of the water maze localization navigation test (F=80.98, P<0.001), and there was an interaction between the group and the training days (F=2.16, P=0.022). There were significant differences in escape latency of rats at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days among all groups (P<0.05). The results of spatial exploration showed that the frequency of rats crossing the platform was significantly different among all groups (F=4.49, P=0.011). The frequency of rats crossing the platform in exposed group 2 and exposed group 3 was lower than that in control group, and the frequency of rats crossing the platform in exposed group 3 was lower than that in exposed group 1 (P<0.05). With the increase of exposure time, the number of hippocampal neurons decreased, and the dendrite spine density of neurons in CA1 region decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the relative expression level of Tau-5 protein in all exposed groups (P>0.05), but the expression level of pSer262 protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the protein expressions of pSer396, pThr181 and pThr231 in exposed group 2 and exposed group 3 were significantly increased (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The simulated gas of the explosion of the thermobaric bomb charge may contribute to the development of cognitive dysfunction by damaging hippocampal neurons with aberrant phosphorylation of Tau proteins.

Objective: To study and analyze the epidemiological regularity of acute poisoning in Tianjin-Hebei region from 2020 to 2022, and to provide reference for the treatment and prevention of related patients. Methods: In December 2023, the analysis results and clinical data of 4695 patients with drug poisoning from January 2020 to December 2022 in multiple centers of Tianjin-Hebei region were collected as research objects. Gender, age, type of drug poisoning, season and poisoning route of the research objects were analyzed, and statistical analysis was conducted as well. Results: The sex ratio of men and women was 1∶1.16 (2173/2522). The poisoning of antidepressants and benzodiazepines were the most common drug poisonings, accounting for 1550 and 1274 cases respectively (33%, 27.1%). Paraquat poisoning has decreased year by year, while the poisonings of herbicides with low toxicity such as diquat, glyphosate and cremart have increased. The number of cases reached a peak during May to August which was the poisoning season, while was relatively fewer during October to December. Conclusion: Effective intervention measures should be taken according to the age of high incidence of poisoning, different seasons and populations. Essential drug poisoning prevention measures should be established and improved. The systems of sedative drug management and use should be established, and pesticide management and storage need to be strengthened.

Dimethyl oxalate is one of the occupational toxic chemicals and causes strong renal toxicity. On May 16, 2023, a patient with acute dimethyl oxalate poisoning was admitted to Dingxi People's Hospital. The patient presented with nausea, vomiting, lumbar distension, weakness, poor appetite, anuria, and rapidly progressing acute kidney injury. Renal biopsy confirmed acute oxalate nephropathy. After symptomatic supportive treatments such as blood purification, anti-oxidative stress, glucocorticoid, fluid supplementation, alkalized urine, anti-infection, controlling blood pressure, calcium supplementation and anemia correction, the patient's symptoms disappeared, and the kidney function basically returned to normal. This case suggested that the etiology of patients with acute kidney injury must be clearly identified, and renal biopsy was an important examination method. For patients suffering from acute dimethyl oxalate poisoning, comprehensive treatment based on blood purification should be performed as soon as possible, aiming to improve the prognosis.

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylmethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosopropylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosodianiline and N-nitrosopiperidine) in the air of workplace by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) . Methods: From January to August 2023, eight N-nitrosamines in the air of workplace were collected by ThermoSorb/N column, eluted with 4 ml methanol-dichloromethane (1∶1 volume ratio), separated by VF-624 ms capillary column, detected by multiple reaction monitoring mode and quantified by external standard method. The detection limit and precision of the method were also analyzed. Results: The linear range of the method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines was 1.0-20.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.9993-0.9999, the detection limit was 0.051-0.132 μg/L, and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.030-0.078 μg/m(3) (calculated by collecting 22.5 L of air sample and eluting with 4.0 ml stripping liquid). The within-run precisions were 2.05%-6.89% and the between-run precisions were 2.41%-8.26%. The desorption rates were 67.20%-102.60%. The sample can be kept at least 7 days at 4 ℃. Conclusion: GC-MS/MS method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air has high sensitivity and good precision, and can accurately determine the content of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air.

Chronic chloropropene poisoning is a disease mainly caused by peripheral nerve damage due to close contact with chloropropene in industrial production, its clinical manifestations include varying degrees of sensory, motor, or tendon reflex disorders in the distal limbs, and neuromyography can show neurogenic damage. This article analyzed and summarized the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment methods of three patients with occupational chronic chloropropene poisoning, in order to enhance the clinical understanding of occupational chronic chloropropene poisoning and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.