中华劳动卫生职业病杂志最新文献

This paper summarizes the research progress in automated ergonomic contact risk assessment technology based on the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and rapid entire body assessment (REBA) , with a focus on analyzing current status and challenges in data acquisition, transmission and processing, application scenarios, and accuracy validation, as well as providing an outlook on future research directions. The analysis indicates that currently, inertial measurement unit (IMU) , conventional/depth cameras, and infrared motion capture systems are the primary hardware devices, with data processing predominantly relying on computer vision and deep learning algorithms. There are significant variations in the accuracy of system assessments, with Cohen's kappa (κ) ranging from 0.21 to 0.95 and the proportion agreement index (Po) ranging from 0.37 to 0.97. Limited by the constraints of data collection and transmission and the reliability of the system, current research primarily employs semi-automated methods in simulated scenarios. Future studies should aim to develop more reliable hardware solutions, establish unified validation standards, and promote the continuous and holistic assessment application of systems in real-world work scenarios.

Objective: To calculate the occupational exposure limits (OELs) of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) , and to provide a reference for formulating the OELs of PGME in China. Methods: From June to August 2024, data on the physicochemical properties, toxicological test results (acute, subchronic, chronic toxicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity) , and foreign occupational exposure limits (OELs) of PGME were collected by searching databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed, as well as the official websites of institutions such as the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) . The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) from chronic toxicity experiments was used as the point of departure for extrapolation (PoD) , and the OELs of PGME were calculated using the OELs mathematical model, taking into account uncertainty factors such as interspecies differences and individual differences within the population. Results: PGME was a colorless and transparent liquid (relative molecular weight 90.121) , mainly absorbed through the respiratory tract and skin, and had eye and nasal irritation, hepatorenal toxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Through model calculation, the permissible concentration-time weighted average (PC-TWA) of PGME was 185.5 mg/m(3) (50 ppm) . Conclusion: The PGME PC-TWA calculated based on multi-source data, combined with mathematical models and uncertainty coefficients is scientific and reliable, and can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of PGME OELs in China.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the fit of dust respirator and the head-face dimensions of dust-exposed workers, thereby facilitating the selection of suitable protective respirator for such personnel. Methods: In July 2023, a total of 300 dust-exposed workers at a construction site were selected as research subjects by cluster sampling. The Artec EVA handheld 3D scanner and its software were used to measure 21 head-face dimensions indices. Each subject underwent fit test with one foldable and one cup-shaped respirator. The relationship between head-face dimensions and respirator fit was analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 600 fit tests were conducted among the 300 dust-exposed workers, with an overall pass rate of 23.50% (141/600) . Pass rates differed significantly between respirator types: cup-shaped respirator (36.00%, 108/300) higher than foldable respirator (11.00%, 33/300) , and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=52.15, P<0.001) . The overall coverage rate of head-face dimension classification was 75.00% (225/300) . There was a statistically significant difference in the pass rate of fit test for cup-shaped respirator among different classification groups (χ(2)=18.92, P<0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression revealed that body mass index (BMI, OR=1.08, P<0.05) , morphological face length (OR=1.58, P<0.05) , nasal width (OR=2.57, P<0.05) , and respirator shape (OR=5.27, P<0.05) were primary factors influencing respirator fit. Conclusion: The key factors influencing respirator fit include BMI, morphological face length, nasal width, and respirator shape. Occupational groups are advised to undergo fit test before initial use of dust respirator.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of sintilimab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods: A prospective case series study was conducted, selecting 66 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma from Dayao County admitted to the People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture from January 2014 to November 2023. The patients were divided into three groups: chemotherapy group, chemotherapy+sintilimab group, and chemotherapy+bevacizumab group, with 22 cases in each group. After 4 cycles of treatment, the clinical efficacy (objective response rate) , tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 125) , pleural thickness, and adverse drug reactions were evaluated. Follow-up was continued until February 29, 2024. The progression free survival was recorded. Categorical data were compared between groups using chi-square test, and continuous data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results: The objective response rates in the chemotherapy+sintilimab group (59.09%, 13/22) and chemotherapy+bevacizumab group (63.64%, 14/22) were significantly higher than those in the chemotherapy group (27.27%, 6/22) (P<0.05) . The progressions free survival in the chemotherapy+sintilimab group and chemotherapy+bevacizumab group [ (232.27±82.52) d, (240.68±70.02) d] was significantly longer than that in the chemotherapy group[ (149.59±67.59) d] (P<0.05) . The differences in carbohydrate antigen 125 levels before and after treatment were higher in the chemotherapy+sintilimab group and chemotherapy+bevacizumab group compared to the chemotherapy group (P<0.05) . After 4 cycles of treatment, the maximum pleural thickness and the sum of the maximum pleural thickness in the three areas of the chest cavity were significantly smaller in the chemotherapy+bevacizumab group compared to the chemotherapy group (P<0.05) . There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups (P>0.05) . Conclusion: Chemotherapy+sintilimab and chemotherapy+bevacizumab are more effective than chemotherapy alone in treating malignant pleural mesothelioma, and can prolong the progression free survival of patients.

Objective: To establish the air-liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) model of human bronchial epithelial cells (Calu3 cells) , evaluate the toxic effects of silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) particles on airway epithelial cells, and construct a representative in vitro inhalation exposure toxicity evaluation model for dust. Methods: In January 2025, SiO(2) particles were exposed using the cloud exposure system to establish the Calu3 cells ALICE model. The experimental groups were classified into control group, low dose SiO(2) group (1 μg/cm(2)) , medium dose SiO(2) group (5 μg/cm(2)) , and high dose SiO(2) group (10 μg/cm(2)) . Calu3 cells were seeded in 12-well Transwell chambers and exposed for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured by LDH cytotoxicity assay. The concentrations of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , interleukin-8 (IL-8) , and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . The expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) , E-Cadherin, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) was observed by immunofluorescence double labeling. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for comparisons among multiple groups, followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test for pairwise comparisons. Results: Compared with the control group, the cell survival rates in the low, medium, and high dose groups, declined following a 24 hours exposure to SiO(2) particles, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the LDH activity in the low dose group increased after 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values in the low, medium, and high dose groups [respectively (753.3±55.4) , (595.3±55.0) , and (625.7±43.8) Ω·cm(2)] decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01) . Compared with the control group, the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 increased in the low dose group, and the expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 increased in the low and medium dose groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01) . Immunofluorescence detection indicated that the fluorescence signals of ZO-1 and E-Cadherin on the cell membrane were weakened, the integrity of the cell membrane was compromised, and the fluorescence intensity of MUC5AC increased. Conclusion: Low dose SiO(2) particle exposure can induce structural and functional damage in Calu3 cells, thereby affecting the normal mucus clearance and defense mechanisms of respiratory epithelial cells.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis in Beijing and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods: In January 2024, through the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System, the incidence of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Beijing from 2005 to 2021 was collected. The basic information, stage, region, industry, enterprise scale, age of occupational disease diagnosis and dust exposure length characteristics of the cases were analyzed. Descriptive analysis methods were used to analyze the case data. Results: A total of 19329 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were newly diagnosed in Beijing from 2005 to 2021, mainly coal worker's pneumoconiosis (16789 cases, accounting for 86.86%) and silicosis (819 cases, accounting for 4.24%) , and 16800 cases (accounting for 86.92%) were stage Ⅰ cases. Occupational pneumoconiosis cases were mainly concentrated in Mentougou District (8825 cases, accounting for 45.66%) , Fangshan District (8671 cases, accounting for 44.86%) . There were 8012 cases (accounting for 41.45%) in coal and anthracite mining and washing industry, and 7818 cases (accounting for 40.45%) in coal mining and washing industry. There were 14207 cases of large enterprises (accounting for 73.50%) . The age at diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis cases was 55 (47, 64) years old, and the working years exposed to dust were 15 (9, 25) years. Conclusion: The newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis in Beijing has obvious regional and industry aggregation. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of employers in key areas and industries, strengthen the protection knowledge training of workers, improve the protection awareness, and protect the occupational health of workers.

Objective: To explore the prevalence trends and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among hospital medical staff, with the goal of providing scientific support for the formulation and improvement of hospital occupational health management policies. Methods: From January to February 2025, a total of 1029 frontline medical staff from a hospital in Tianjin were selected using a convenient sampling method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire to assess the occurrence of WMSDs in various body regions over the past year. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential influencing factors for WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, back, and lower back. Results: The overall incidence rate of WMSDs among medical staff was 59.48% (612/1029) . The top four incidence rates of WMSDs in different body parts were 42.95% (442/1029) for the lower back, 41.59% (428/1029) for the neck, 36.64% (377/1029) for the shoulders, and 28.47% (293/1029) for the back. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male and prolonged neck flexion were influencing factors for WMSDs in the neck of medical staff (OR=0.38, 3.15, P<0.001) . Male, night-shift work, insufficient rest time, and physical exertion difficulties caused by improper posture were influencing factors for WMSDs in the shoulders (OR=0.57, 1.47, 0.61, 1.60, P<0.05) . Night-shift work, insufficient rest time, and physical exertion difficulties caused by improper posture were influencing factors for WMSDs in the back (OR=1.52, 0.66, 1.74, P<0.05) . Male and working years ≥ 31 were influencing factors for WMSDs in the lower back (OR=0.41, 2.69, P<0.001) . Conclusion: The incidence of WMSDs among hospital medical staff is high and closely linked to factors like workload, work posture, and individual characteristics. Targeted intervention measures should be taken to improve the occupational health status of medical staff.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common musculoskeletal disorder. In severe cases, it can lead to median nerve damage and loss of hand function. Occupational carpal tunnel syndrome, as a newly included disease in the category of occupational diseases, poses significant risks to the health of workers and has become a research hotspot in recent years. The diagnosis of this disease relies on clinical symptoms, neurological physical examination and related imaging tests. This article analyzes ultrasound examination techniques such as high-frequency ultrasonography, color Doppler ultrasonography, superb microvascular imaging combined with shear wave elastography, and high-frequency ultrasonography combined with grayscale technology, and conducts ultrasonography diagnosis and evaluation of lesions in the median nerve, transverse carpal ligament, etc., providing a scientific basis for the ultrasonography diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.