中华劳动卫生职业病杂志最新文献

Objective: To investigate the blood lead levels of lead-exposed workers in Jiangsu Province and to assess the occupational health risk in the workplace. Methods: In April 2023, a study was conducted to monitor blood lead levels in 2732 workers from 20 lead-related enterprises across 4 cities in Jiangsu Province, analyzing their distribution by gender, age, length of service, and job position. Additionally, hazardous lead exposure factors were assessed in the workplaces of these 20 enterprises, and occupational health risk evaluations were performed for lead-related positions. The inter-group comparison of count data was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: The blood lead level of the lead-exposed individuals was (227.2±151.4) μg/L. Statistically significant differences in abnormal rates of blood lead were observed among lead-exposed workers of different ages, years of service, genders, regions, and industries (P<0.05) . The abnormal blood lead rates among male workers, those over 60 years old, and those with over 25 years of service were all relatively high, at 13.12% (216/1646) , 17.91% (12/67) , and 14.29% (3/21) , respectively. According to the risk assessment results, the semi-quantitative exposure ratio method indicated that all testing positions in Suqian City were classified as high-risk. High-risk positions were identified in electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing testing roles. The non-carcinogenic risk in lead-related occupations across different regions and industries were unacceptable. Conclusion: Occupational health monitoring should be strengthened for male lead-exposed workers with advanced age and long service years, and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing workers, and targeted intervention measures should be taken.

Objective: To establish a solvent desorption-headspace gas chromatography method for simultaneously determining methanol and acetaldehyde in the air of the workplace. Methods: From June to August 2024, air samples from the workplace were collected using solvent desorption silica gel tubes. After desorption with pure water, the samples were subjected to headspace injection, and separated using a TG-WAX gas chromatography column. The contents of methanol and acetaldehyde were determined using a hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) , and the detection limits, recovery rates, and other indicators of the method were analyzed. Results: After desorption with 10.0 ml of pure water and subsequent headspace gas chromatography analysis, good linearity was demonstrated for both methanol and acetaldehyde, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999. The detection limits of the method were 0.10 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively, and the minimum detectable concentrations were 0.7 and 1.0 mg/m(3) (with a sampling volume of 1.5 L) . The relative standard deviation of precision was 0.92% to 1.45%, the average recovery rate was 97.80% to 101.50%, the desorption efficiency was 95.11% to 97.09%, and the samples could be stored at room temperature for at least 5 days. Conclusion: The solvent desorption-headspace gas chromatography method for the determination of methanol and acetaldehyde is simple, rapid, accurate, and precise, and is suitable for the simultaneous determination of methanol and acetaldehyde in the air of the workplace, meeting the detection requirements for harmful substances in the workplace air.

Objective: To reveal the occurrence of burnout and anxiety among petroleum sales personnel, explore the moderating effect of face tendency on the relationship between burnout and anxiety, and provide a new basis for the formulation of anxiety intervention strategies in petroleum sales venues. Methods: From May to August 2024, a total of 1771 petroleum sales personnel from two sales branches were selected as the research subjects by cluster sampling. Information such as burnout, face tendency, and anxiety was collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Consciousness of Social Face Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between burnout and face tendency as well as anxiety. The moderating effect model was used to evaluate and test the moderating effect of face tendency on burnout and anxiety. Results: The burnout score of 1771 petroleum sales personnel was (2.07±1.27) points, and 980 individuals (55.3%) had job burnout. The score of face tendency was (32.19±15.77) points. The anxiety score was (46.43±11.49) points, with 544 individuals (30.7%) exhibiting anxiety. Correlation analysis showed that burnout among petroleum sales personnel was positively correlated with face tendency (r(s)=0.18, P<0.001) and anxiety (r(s)=0.57, P<0.001) , and face tendency was positively correlated with anxiety (r(s)=0.37, P<0.001) . The moderating effect model analysis showed that both burnout and face tendency had positive effects on the anxiety of petroleum sales personnel (β=4.784, 0.157, P<0.001) . The face tendency of petroleum sales personnel had a moderating effect on the relationship between burnout and anxiety (△R(2)=0.049, F=162.48, P<0.001) . Conclusion: The current situation of burnout and anxiety among petroleum sales personnel is not optimistic. The face tendency has a moderating effect on anxiety caused by burnout. Targeted measures can be taken in the workplace to help employees form a healthy face recognition to alleviate anxiety.

Pneumoconiosis is an occupational lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of industrial or mineral dust, with chronic lung inflammation and progressive pulmonary fibrosis as the main pathological features. Early-stage pneumoconiosis often presents with atypical clinical symptoms, while late-stage pneumoconiosis poses severe harm to patients with limited treatment options. Therefore, early screening, accurate diagnosis, and prediction of disease burden are crucial for effectively controlling the progression of pneumoconiosis and reducing associated complications. These measures are vital for improving patients' quality of life and enhancing the efficiency of pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment. Currently, intelligent auxiliary diagnostic systems can assist clinicians in improving the accuracy of pneumoconiosis imaging diagnosis and aid in clinical treatment evaluation. This paper reviews recent literature on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in pneumoconiosis imaging and disease burden prediction. It provides an in-depth analysis of the advancements in AI for early screening, diagnosis, and disease burden assessment and prediction of pneumoconiosis. Furthermore, it explores future directions for the development of intelligent imaging diagnosis and disease burden prediction for pneumoconiosis, aiming to better support clinical decision-making.

Objective: To improve the occupational hazard risk index evaluation method, optimize its classification items and grading indexes, and provide the basis for establishing the dust occupational hazard risk assessment method in accordance with the actual situation in China. Methods: According to Classification of Occupational Hazards at Workplaces Part 1: Occupational Exposure to Industrial Dust (GBZ/T 229.1-2010), the original health effect level and exposure ratio were combined into a hazard level. According to Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemicals in the Workplace (GBZ/T 298-2017), the "number of exposed persons" in the original operating conditions was deleted, and the "occupational health management" division item was added. The classifications of "exposure time", "engineering protective measures", and "dust masks" were optimized, and various grading indicators were refined. Referring to the application matrix and permutation combination, the occupational hazard risk index was divided into 5 levels according to the quintic method. The improved occupational hazard risk index assessment method was applied to six randomly selected small and micro open-pit quarries, and Kendall's W consistency test was conducted on the results of fixed-point sampling, individual sampling assessment, and quantitative evaluation method with the 2016 version of the International Committee on Mining and Metals (ICMM) model, which is currently more mature internationally. Results: The improved occupational hazard risk index assessment method was in line with current standards and consistent with the GBZ/T 298-2017 in terms of "exposure index grading" and "risk level". The consistency tests was conducted using the improved hazard risk index assessment for fixed-point sampling, individual sampling risk ratio grading, and ICMM quantitative method, Kendall W(a)=0.685 (P=0.002) . Conclusion: The improved risk index assessment method can provide a reference for the improvement of the risk assessment method for dust occupational hazards.

Objective: To explore the effects of clinical ergonomics theoretical training combined with clinical chairside operation guidance strategy on the incidence of pain symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among dentists. Methods: A total of 80 dentists working in the Stomatology Department of the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2023 to December 2023 were selected as the study objects by random simply sampling method. And the objects were separated into the control group (40 persons) and the experimental group (40 persons). The control group didn't get any special intervention, and the experimental group had half a year of training in clinical ergonomics and guidance on clinical chairside operation. The WMSDs cognitive level and symptom incidence of dentists in two groups were measured by questionnaire, and the intensity of pain symptom of WMSDs was compared by visual analogue scale (VAS). The count date was compared using χ(2) test. For measurement data that followed a normal distribution and met the homogeneity of variance requirement, independent samples t-test was used for intergroup comparison. For measurement data that followed a normal distribution but exhibited unequal variances, the corrected t-test was conducted for intergroup comparison. Results: The cognitve rates of dentists in the experimental group regarding WMSDs symptoms, affected areas, influencing factors, and preventive measures reached 90.0% (36 dentists), 87.5% (35 dentists), 80.0% (32 dentists), and 82.5% (33 dentists), respectively. The incidences of WMSDs in the neck and shoulder of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the VAS scores indicated that the intensity of WMSDs pain symptoms in the neck, shoulder, hands/wrists and lower bock/waist of dentists in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Strengthening the clinical ergonomics education and training for dentists is conducive to lowering the incidence of WMSDs, mitigating the severity of symptoms, and preserving the physical health of dentists.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in occupational pneumoconiosis patients in China. Methods: In February 2025, through the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP databases, and PubMed, MedLine, Web of Science, and Embase databases (established up to February 25, 2025), we screened literature on the influencing factors of occupational pneumoconiosis patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in China. Fixed effect or random effect models were selected to analyze the impact of 10 factors (gender, body mass index, smoking, onset age, occupation, pneumoconiosis stage, dust exposure duration, dust exposure years, dust exposure age, and contact history with tuberculosis patients) on occupational pneumoconiosis patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in China. I(2) and Cochran's Q tests were used to assess heterogeneity, and random effect models (P<0.10, I(2)>50%, indicating heterogeneity) or fixed effect models (P≥0.10, I(2)≤50%, indicating no heterogeneity) were chosen based on the degree of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 13 high-quality Chinese and English literatures meeting the requirements were included, and a total of 1792 Chinese occupational pneumoconiosis patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Gender (OR=1.06, 95%CI: 1.02-1.10), smoking (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.01-1.94), stage of pneumoconiosis (OR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.43-2.78), age of exposure to dust (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.26-0.78), age of exposure to dust (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.01-1.94) were influencing factors in occupational pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis (P<0.05). There was no significant heterogeneity in literatures that analysis of gender, smoking. There was significant heterogenity in literatures that analysis of stage of pneumoconiosis, age of exposure to dust, age of exposure to dust. Gender, stage of pneumoconiosis and age of exposure to dust were included in the research literatures with good robustness. The results of smoking, age of exposure to dust, and included literatures were not robust. Egger test suggest that there was no significant publication bias. Conclusion: High stage of pneumoconiosis, long age of exposure to dust, history of smoking, and long age of exposure to dust are all risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in occupational pneumoconiosis patients in China.

Objective: To investigate the factors influencing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among fire rescue personnel and evaluate the effectiveness of a multidimensional intervention approach, in order to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of WMSDs among fire rescue personnel. Methods: A random sampling method was adopted. From March to November 2022, 5119 fire rescue personnel from 10 administrative districts of a certain city were investigated as the baseline research subjects. From March to November 2023, a "comprehensive multidimensional intervention combining prevention and treatment" was implemented on 2353 of these fire rescue personnel. The revised "Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire" was used to investigate the occurrence of WMSDs symptoms before and after the intervention. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between occupational factors, psychosocial factors, and the risk of WMSDs. McNemar's test was employed to compare the incidence of WMSDs and absenteeism rate caused by WMSDs among fire rescue personnel before and after the interventions. Results: Being married was a risk factor for both single-site and overall WMSDs (P<0.05). Smoking emerged as a risk factor for overall WMSDs, while ceasing smoking was deemed a protective factor against single-site and multi-site WMSDs (P<0.05). Work tenure≥5 years was identified as a risk factor for multi-site WMSDs (P<0.05). Additionally, weekly working hours ≥49 hours, frequency of outdoor duties ≥once a week, occupational stress, and negative emotions during working outside were recognized as risk factors for both multi-site WMSDs and overall WMSDs (P<0.05). Prior to the intervention, the incidence rates for single-site, multi-site, and overall WMSDs were 12.28% (289/2353), 32.51% (765/2353), and 44.79% (1054/2353), respectively. The absenteeism rates caused by single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs were 2.93% (69/2353), 8.84% (208/2353), and 11.77% (277/2353), respectively. After the multidimensional intervention, the incidence rates of WMSDs in the neck, shoulders, back, elbows, waist, wrists, hips, knees, ankles, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs among the fire rescue personnel, as well as the absenteeism rates caused by WMSDs in the aforementioned body regions, all decreased significantly (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Marital status, smoking status, weekly working hours, seniority, outdoor duty frequency, occupational stress, and negative emotions of fire rescue personnel may be important factors influencing the occurrence of WMSDs. A multidimensional intervention approach, incorporating initiatives such as awareness campaigns, health education, psychological well-being interventions, and exercise rehabilitation interventions, can effectively reduce the incidence of WMSDs and the resulting absenteeism rates among fire rescue personnel.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of occupational stress among female coal miners and construct a risk prediction model. Methods: In July 2023, a cluster sampling method was conducted to select all female workers on duty at a large coal mine in Gansu Province during a specific period (totaling 1437 individuals) as research subjects. Occupational stress levels were assessed through questionnaire surveys. A total of 1435 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 99.86%. Single-factor analysis was conducted using the rank sum test, while multiple linear regression models was used for multivariate analysis. Deep learning models, including XGBoost and LightGBM, were constructed to analyze factors influencing occupational stress among female coal miners. The performance of the optimal XGBoost model was further explained using the Shapley additive explanatory (SHAP) algorithm. Results: Among the 1435 female coal miners, 89 cases (6.2%) had no occupational stress (score ≤20 points); 930 cases (64.8%) had mild occupational stress (scores 21-30 points); 405 cases (28.2%) had moderate occupational stress (scores 31-40 points); and 11 cases (0.8%) had severe occupational stress (scores 41-50 points). Educational level, marital status, annual personal income, physical exercise, job type, average weekly working time, work form, work position, exposure to noise and noise intensity, heavy labor, coal dust exposure, exposure to occupational hazards and exposure time, injury or infringement during work, and whether to wear protective equipment were influencing factors affecting the occupational stress of female coal miners (P<0.05). For the XGBoost model on the test set, the coefficient of determination (R(2)), mean squared error (MSE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) were 0.994, 0.152, and 0.390, respectively, which were better than LightGBM's 0.933, 1.692, 1.301 and the multiple linear regression model's 0.268, 18.408, and 4.290. The SHAP results showed that work position and daily household chores were the main factors affecting the occupational stress of female coal miners. In addition, physical exercise, work-related injuries or violations, and coal dust exposure also had a certain impact on occupational stress. Conclusion: The occupational stress of coal miners is the result of the combined effects of occupational and lifestyle factors. The XGBoost model demonstrates superior predictive ability and proves the feasibility of the SHAP algorithm in analyzing the occupational stress of female coal miners using machine learning models.