Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02826
Aditya Jagadeesh Malla, Katerina Nikolaidou, Miguel Dosil, Mariona Dalmases, Stephy Vincent, Marta Martos Valverde, Gerasimos Konstantatos
Shortwave infrared light sources are indispensable for various applications, including advanced imaging, spectroscopy, and sensing, yet their widespread adoption is limited by the high cost of epitaxial semiconductors, such as InGaAs. Downconverters (DCs) offer a cost-effective alternative, and quantum dots (QDs) stand out due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield, size-tunable emission, and solution processability. However, QD-DCs suffer from performance degradation under high excitation power densities due to significant heat generation in the process of light absorption. Here we have developed high-power, stable, and spectrally tunable narrowband and broadband SWIR DCs (1000–1600 nm) based on Lead sulfide QDs. By mixing two different-sized QDs, we exploit Förster resonance energy transfer and photon reabsorption to realize a binary system with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 35%. Embedding the QDs in a poly(methyl methacrylate) host mitigates local thermal stress on the QDs, enabling standalone DCs with a high emission power density (EmPD) of 110 mW/cm2 at 1380 nm. Further optimization with a spectrally selective distributed Bragg reflector for enhanced light extraction and a sapphire substrate for efficient heat dissipation, we achieved a record EmPD of 385 mW/cm2 at 1380 nm with optical power conversion efficiency of 10% and operational stability above 230 h at an EmPD of 190 mW/cm2. This demonstrates a scalable route to low-cost SWIR light sources, narrowing the performance gap between solution-processed DCs and conventional epitaxial semiconductors.
短波红外光源对于包括先进成像、光谱和传感在内的各种应用是必不可少的，但其广泛采用受到外延半导体（如InGaAs）的高成本的限制。下变频器（dc）提供了一种具有成本效益的替代方案，量子点（QDs）因其高光致发光量子产率，尺寸可调发射和溶液可加工性而脱颖而出。然而，在高激发功率密度下，由于光吸收过程中产生大量热量，量子点-直流晶体的性能会下降。在这里，我们开发了基于硫化铅量子点的大功率，稳定，光谱可调谐的窄带和宽带SWIR dc （1000-1600 nm）。通过混合两个不同尺寸的量子点，我们利用Förster共振能量转移和光子重吸收来实现具有35%高光致发光量子产率的二元系统。将量子点嵌入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯主体中可以减轻量子点上的局部热应力，使独立的dc在1380 nm处具有110 mW/cm2的高发射功率密度（EmPD）。进一步优化，利用光谱选择性分布布拉格反射器增强光提取和蓝宝石衬底进行高效散热，我们在1380 nm处实现了创纪录的385 mW/cm2的EmPD，光功率转换效率为10%，在190 mW/cm2的EmPD下，工作稳定性超过230小时。这证明了低成本SWIR光源的可扩展路径，缩小了溶液处理dc和传统外延半导体之间的性能差距。
{"title":"High Power, Efficient, and Stable Quantum Dot-Based Downconverters for SWIR Applications","authors":"Aditya Jagadeesh Malla, Katerina Nikolaidou, Miguel Dosil, Mariona Dalmases, Stephy Vincent, Marta Martos Valverde, Gerasimos Konstantatos","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02826","url":null,"abstract":"Shortwave infrared light sources are indispensable for various applications, including advanced imaging, spectroscopy, and sensing, yet their widespread adoption is limited by the high cost of epitaxial semiconductors, such as InGaAs. Downconverters (DCs) offer a cost-effective alternative, and quantum dots (QDs) stand out due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield, size-tunable emission, and solution processability. However, QD-DCs suffer from performance degradation under high excitation power densities due to significant heat generation in the process of light absorption. Here we have developed high-power, stable, and spectrally tunable narrowband and broadband SWIR DCs (1000–1600 nm) based on Lead sulfide QDs. By mixing two different-sized QDs, we exploit Förster resonance energy transfer and photon reabsorption to realize a binary system with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 35%. Embedding the QDs in a poly(methyl methacrylate) host mitigates local thermal stress on the QDs, enabling standalone DCs with a high emission power density (EmPD) of 110 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 1380 nm. Further optimization with a spectrally selective distributed Bragg reflector for enhanced light extraction and a sapphire substrate for efficient heat dissipation, we achieved a record EmPD of 385 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 1380 nm with optical power conversion efficiency of 10% and operational stability above 230 h at an EmPD of 190 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. This demonstrates a scalable route to low-cost SWIR light sources, narrowing the performance gap between solution-processed DCs and conventional epitaxial semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02389
Ju-Young Kim, Minhaeng Cho
Optical vortex beams (OVBs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer access to an unbounded set of orthogonal states, enabling a dramatic increase in the information capacity for optical communication systems. However, practical OAM detection in telecommunication platforms remains challenging due to background noise, detector limitations at infrared communication wavelengths, and the destructive nature of conventional sampling methods. Here, we introduce an all-optical, nearly nondestructive OAM detection method based on sum-frequency generation (SFG) that overcomes these limitations by transferring the information on the OAM into a distinct frequency domain. In our scheme, two OVBs─one carrying OAM-encoded information and the other serving as a reference─are coupled within a beta-barium borate (BBO) crystal to generate an SFG signal. Our theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that SFG efficiency is governed by the spatial overlap of the interacting vortex profiles, providing mode-selective and OAM-resolved detection. Crucially, as only a small fraction of the input photons undergo conversion into the nonlinear signal, the original beams remain functionally intact. Since detection is performed exclusively on the upconverted signal in a spectrally distinct visible wavelength region, the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved. Moreover, the SFG signal is generated only when specific OAM states and temporal overlap conditions are simultaneously satisfied, enabling ultrafast and conditionally gated access to the OAM information. This nonlinear selectivity offers enhanced physical-layer security and high-throughput capabilities. Together, our approach provides a robust and versatile platform for advanced OAM-based optical communications and high-capacity photonics applications.
{"title":"Optical Orbital Angular Momentum Detection Using Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Processes","authors":"Ju-Young Kim, Minhaeng Cho","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02389","url":null,"abstract":"Optical vortex beams (OVBs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer access to an unbounded set of orthogonal states, enabling a dramatic increase in the information capacity for optical communication systems. However, practical OAM detection in telecommunication platforms remains challenging due to background noise, detector limitations at infrared communication wavelengths, and the destructive nature of conventional sampling methods. Here, we introduce an all-optical, nearly nondestructive OAM detection method based on sum-frequency generation (SFG) that overcomes these limitations by transferring the information on the OAM into a distinct frequency domain. In our scheme, two OVBs─one carrying OAM-encoded information and the other serving as a reference─are coupled within a beta-barium borate (BBO) crystal to generate an SFG signal. Our theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that SFG efficiency is governed by the spatial overlap of the interacting vortex profiles, providing mode-selective and OAM-resolved detection. Crucially, as only a small fraction of the input photons undergo conversion into the nonlinear signal, the original beams remain functionally intact. Since detection is performed exclusively on the upconverted signal in a spectrally distinct visible wavelength region, the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved. Moreover, the SFG signal is generated only when specific OAM states and temporal overlap conditions are simultaneously satisfied, enabling ultrafast and conditionally gated access to the OAM information. This nonlinear selectivity offers enhanced physical-layer security and high-throughput capabilities. Together, our approach provides a robust and versatile platform for advanced OAM-based optical communications and high-capacity photonics applications.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terahertz quantum well photodetectors (THz QWPs) have demonstrated high sensitivity and rapid response speeds, yet their practical applications remain constrained by the requirement for cryogenic operating temperatures. To overcome this limitation, we propose a THz resonant tunneling quantum well photodetector (RT-QWP) incorporating a double-barrier structure. We systematically designed and characterized a 6.5 THz RT-QWP. Our results reveal that the double-barrier architecture in the RT-QWP effectively suppresses dark current while facilitating efficient photocurrent tunneling. This design achieves a nearly three-order-of-magnitude reduction in dark current compared to conventional THz QWPs. Owing to this significant dark current suppression, the background-limited infrared performance (BLIP) temperature is elevated from 16 to 22 K in contrast to a conventional THz QWP operating at the same response frequency. The specific detectivity is enhanced by a factor of 4.8. Such a resonant tunneling design provides a possible way to improve the overall performance of THz photodetectors.
{"title":"Double-Barrier Resonant Tunnel Heterostructures for High-Performance Terahertz Detection","authors":"Ying Liu, Xin Yuan, Quan Yu, Yi Wang, Hao Deng, Yu Wang, Xinli Dai, Lianghua Gan, Gangyi Xu, Bing Dong, Ka-Di Zhu, Peng Bai, Yueheng Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02841","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz quantum well photodetectors (THz QWPs) have demonstrated high sensitivity and rapid response speeds, yet their practical applications remain constrained by the requirement for cryogenic operating temperatures. To overcome this limitation, we propose a THz resonant tunneling quantum well photodetector (RT-QWP) incorporating a double-barrier structure. We systematically designed and characterized a 6.5 THz RT-QWP. Our results reveal that the double-barrier architecture in the RT-QWP effectively suppresses dark current while facilitating efficient photocurrent tunneling. This design achieves a nearly three-order-of-magnitude reduction in dark current compared to conventional THz QWPs. Owing to this significant dark current suppression, the background-limited infrared performance (BLIP) temperature is elevated from 16 to 22 K in contrast to a conventional THz QWP operating at the same response frequency. The specific detectivity is enhanced by a factor of 4.8. Such a resonant tunneling design provides a possible way to improve the overall performance of THz photodetectors.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01950
Jing Li, Qingzhang You, Wenjing Bo, Menglei Li, Xi Liang, Lisheng Zhang, Longkun Yang, Ze Li, Duan Zhang, Yan Fang, Peter Nordlander, Peijie Wang
Strong coupling (SC) between plasmonic nanocavities and excitons in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) has promoted fundamental studies in quantum electrodynamics and applications in photonic quantum technologies. Although previous SC research with 2D-TMD predominantly characterized cavity polaritons through scattering spectroscopy, the observation of the complete anticrossing behavior in photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been less frequently reported and is crucial for ascertaining the underlying physics. In this study, we robustly demonstrate an unambiguous SC between a single gold-nanorod cavity and monolayer WS2 excitons. This was achieved by observing complete upper and lower polariton branch emissions via both scattering and PL spectroscopy. The sharp tips of the plasmonic nanocavity of the nanorods give rise to a large single exciton coupling strength up to 14.9 meV. We estimate that the number of excitons in the strongly coupled entangled state range from 8.7 to 17.3. Correlated scattering and PL spectra measurements on a single coupled system confirm the presence of strong plasmon-exciton interactions. Further theoretical simulations using a coupled-oscillator model show excellent agreement with the measured scattering and PL spectral data, effectively capturing the energy separation and intensity ratio of the polaritonic peaks. The high yield of SC structures achieved presents an opportunity to explore their nonlinear, electrical, and quantum correlation properties, which may be sufficient for practical quantum optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Robust Strong Coupling of Monolayer WS2 in Plasmonic Nanocavities via Scattering and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy","authors":"Jing Li, Qingzhang You, Wenjing Bo, Menglei Li, Xi Liang, Lisheng Zhang, Longkun Yang, Ze Li, Duan Zhang, Yan Fang, Peter Nordlander, Peijie Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01950","url":null,"abstract":"Strong coupling (SC) between plasmonic nanocavities and excitons in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) has promoted fundamental studies in quantum electrodynamics and applications in photonic quantum technologies. Although previous SC research with 2D-TMD predominantly characterized cavity polaritons through scattering spectroscopy, the observation of the complete anticrossing behavior in photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been less frequently reported and is crucial for ascertaining the underlying physics. In this study, we robustly demonstrate an unambiguous SC between a single gold-nanorod cavity and monolayer WS<sub>2</sub> excitons. This was achieved by observing complete upper and lower polariton branch emissions via both scattering and PL spectroscopy. The sharp tips of the plasmonic nanocavity of the nanorods give rise to a large single exciton coupling strength up to 14.9 meV. We estimate that the number of excitons in the strongly coupled entangled state range from 8.7 to 17.3. Correlated scattering and PL spectra measurements on a single coupled system confirm the presence of strong plasmon-exciton interactions. Further theoretical simulations using a coupled-oscillator model show excellent agreement with the measured scattering and PL spectral data, effectively capturing the energy separation and intensity ratio of the polaritonic peaks. The high yield of SC structures achieved presents an opportunity to explore their nonlinear, electrical, and quantum correlation properties, which may be sufficient for practical quantum optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02757
Chi Hu, Guobin Sun, Yuyan Lu, Dacheng Jiang, Jin Zhang
Three-dimensional (3D) holographic display has emerged as the most promising approach for next-generation visualization technologies. However, the inherent limitations of spatial light modulators (SLMs) in terms of pixel size and resolution impose fundamental trade-off between field of view (FOV) and high image fidelity. Conventional approaches struggle to simultaneously enhance both metrics. In this work, we present an innovative and practical solution that effectively alleviates this trade-off by intelligently redistributing the SLM’s pixel budget via spatial multiplexing. By implementing spatially multiplexed hologram generation combined with an optimized optical layout and phase compensation, we demonstrate a reconfigurable 3D holographic system that achieves, for the first time with a single SLM, an 8 times magnification and a 42° viewing angle. While the resolution of each individual subhologram is limited by the SLM’s pixels, our system orchestrates them to effectively expand the overall system’s capabilities beyond what is achievable with conventional single-hologram setups. The proposed method simplifies the design complexity and alleviates issues related to high-cost components by jointly operating on the hologram design and the display device. This research provides a viable pathway toward high-performance 3D holographic displays with large size and wide viewing angles, with promising implications for high-information-content applications in biomedical imaging, virtual reality, and interactive electronics.
{"title":"Alleviating the Field of View and High Image Fidelity Trade-off in Holography: Multifunctional Tunable 3D Holographic Display","authors":"Chi Hu, Guobin Sun, Yuyan Lu, Dacheng Jiang, Jin Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02757","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) holographic display has emerged as the most promising approach for next-generation visualization technologies. However, the inherent limitations of spatial light modulators (SLMs) in terms of pixel size and resolution impose fundamental trade-off between field of view (FOV) and high image fidelity. Conventional approaches struggle to simultaneously enhance both metrics. In this work, we present an innovative and practical solution that effectively alleviates this trade-off by intelligently redistributing the SLM’s pixel budget via spatial multiplexing. By implementing spatially multiplexed hologram generation combined with an optimized optical layout and phase compensation, we demonstrate a reconfigurable 3D holographic system that achieves, for the first time with a single SLM, an 8 times magnification and a 42° viewing angle. While the resolution of each individual subhologram is limited by the SLM’s pixels, our system orchestrates them to effectively expand the overall system’s capabilities beyond what is achievable with conventional single-hologram setups. The proposed method simplifies the design complexity and alleviates issues related to high-cost components by jointly operating on the hologram design and the display device. This research provides a viable pathway toward high-performance 3D holographic displays with large size and wide viewing angles, with promising implications for high-information-content applications in biomedical imaging, virtual reality, and interactive electronics.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) demonstrate significant application potential and a broad market prospect in fields such as sterilization, disinfection, optical communication, sensing, agriculture, and food processing. These devices offer distinct advantages, including eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, low energy consumption, and tunable emission wavelengths. Over the past two decades, sustained research and development efforts have led to considerable improvements in luminous efficiency and device lifetime, advancing AlGaN-based DUV LEDs toward commercialization. Nevertheless, their overall performance still lags behind that of fully commercialized GaN-based blue LEDs, indicating ample room for further enhancement. This review begins with an overview of the current development status of AlGaN-based DUV LEDs and examines key methodologies for improving device performance. It then systematically summarizes recent research advances and optimization strategies, focusing on two critical areas: material epitaxial growth and chip structural design. Finally, it discusses current technical challenges and outlines future development opportunities in the field.
{"title":"Design and Optimization of Epitaxial and Chip Structures in AlGaN-Based Deep-Ultraviolet LEDs: Toward Enhanced Efficiency and Reliability","authors":"Yifang Chen, Quanjiang Lv, Tianpeng Yang, Tingting Mi, Xiaowen Wang, Junlin Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02187","url":null,"abstract":"AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) demonstrate significant application potential and a broad market prospect in fields such as sterilization, disinfection, optical communication, sensing, agriculture, and food processing. These devices offer distinct advantages, including eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, low energy consumption, and tunable emission wavelengths. Over the past two decades, sustained research and development efforts have led to considerable improvements in luminous efficiency and device lifetime, advancing AlGaN-based DUV LEDs toward commercialization. Nevertheless, their overall performance still lags behind that of fully commercialized GaN-based blue LEDs, indicating ample room for further enhancement. This review begins with an overview of the current development status of AlGaN-based DUV LEDs and examines key methodologies for improving device performance. It then systematically summarizes recent research advances and optimization strategies, focusing on two critical areas: material epitaxial growth and chip structural design. Finally, it discusses current technical challenges and outlines future development opportunities in the field.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrafast structured light, featuring multidimensional spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) and femtosecond-scale temporal characteristics, has garnered significant research interest. Frequency degeneracy provides a powerful intracavity mechanism to manipulate laser modes by simultaneously supporting multiple eigen frequencies, yet its application to femtosecond structured light generation remains insufficiently investigated. In this work, we demonstrate a half-frequency-degenerate cavity that directly generates femtosecond geometric Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes. By introducing two-dimensional off-axis pumping, the oscillating laser modes can be tuned from single HG to geometric modes, accessing both geometric Gaussian and first-order HG beams. Leveraging the broad emission spectrum of Yb:KGW and SESAM-assisted Kerr-lens mode-locking (KLM), we demonstrated, for the first time, intracavity femtosecond geometric HG mode generation, delivering a pulse duration of 331 fs. An astigmatic mode converter (AMC) transforms the generated geometric HG modes into vortex pulses with multiple vortex cores. Our approach establishes a versatile platform for femtosecond structured light sources, whose high-peak-power and spatiotemporally structured characteristics are relevant to future explorations in high-capacity optical communications, microparticle manipulation, and strong-field physics.
{"title":"Femtosecond Geometric Hermite-Gaussian Mode Generation from a Half-degenerate Laser Oscillator","authors":"Shenao Zhang,Kunjian Dai,Heyan Liu,Hongyu Liu,Ziyang Chen,Shiya Yang,Xudong Wei,Qingzhe Cui,Jinwei Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02819","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast structured light, featuring multidimensional spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) and femtosecond-scale temporal characteristics, has garnered significant research interest. Frequency degeneracy provides a powerful intracavity mechanism to manipulate laser modes by simultaneously supporting multiple eigen frequencies, yet its application to femtosecond structured light generation remains insufficiently investigated. In this work, we demonstrate a half-frequency-degenerate cavity that directly generates femtosecond geometric Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes. By introducing two-dimensional off-axis pumping, the oscillating laser modes can be tuned from single HG to geometric modes, accessing both geometric Gaussian and first-order HG beams. Leveraging the broad emission spectrum of Yb:KGW and SESAM-assisted Kerr-lens mode-locking (KLM), we demonstrated, for the first time, intracavity femtosecond geometric HG mode generation, delivering a pulse duration of 331 fs. An astigmatic mode converter (AMC) transforms the generated geometric HG modes into vortex pulses with multiple vortex cores. Our approach establishes a versatile platform for femtosecond structured light sources, whose high-peak-power and spatiotemporally structured characteristics are relevant to future explorations in high-capacity optical communications, microparticle manipulation, and strong-field physics.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02490
Mingsheng Gao,Zhenyu Wang,Jiadian Yan,Zixian Ma,Lu Peng,Yang Chen,Qing Zhang,Yuanjie Yang
Resonant metasurfaces, characterized by their compact integration and strong field localization, combined with the superior nonlinear properties of low-dimensional materials, provide a promising platform for developing more efficient and integrated nonlinear devices. Enhancing nonlinear conversion efficiency is crucial; at the same time, integrating multiple functionalities into a single compact design is also urgently demanded for versatile nonlinear optical devices. In this work, we propose a polarization-independent quasi-bound state in continuum (q-BIC) metasurface integrated with a thin layer 3R-MoS2, which enables giant enhancement of second harmonic generation (SHG), as well as full-Poincaré polarization tunability of SHG emission by precisely controlling the polarization of the fundamental wave. Our work paves the way for tailoring exceptional optical nonlinearity and tunable polarization control in nonlinear light sources.
{"title":"Tunable Second Harmonic Generation by Degenerate Quasi-BIC Metasurfaces","authors":"Mingsheng Gao,Zhenyu Wang,Jiadian Yan,Zixian Ma,Lu Peng,Yang Chen,Qing Zhang,Yuanjie Yang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02490","url":null,"abstract":"Resonant metasurfaces, characterized by their compact integration and strong field localization, combined with the superior nonlinear properties of low-dimensional materials, provide a promising platform for developing more efficient and integrated nonlinear devices. Enhancing nonlinear conversion efficiency is crucial; at the same time, integrating multiple functionalities into a single compact design is also urgently demanded for versatile nonlinear optical devices. In this work, we propose a polarization-independent quasi-bound state in continuum (q-BIC) metasurface integrated with a thin layer 3R-MoS2, which enables giant enhancement of second harmonic generation (SHG), as well as full-Poincaré polarization tunability of SHG emission by precisely controlling the polarization of the fundamental wave. Our work paves the way for tailoring exceptional optical nonlinearity and tunable polarization control in nonlinear light sources.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02864
Sam G. Bishop, Hüseyin B. Yağcı, Rachel N. Clark, John P. Hadden, Anthony J. Bennett
Quantum emitters (QEs) in the solid state can be spatially aligned with nanostructures to increase the photon collection efficiency and radiative emission rate. In many promising material platforms, these QEs are randomly positioned over the sample area, necessitating precise mapping of the emitter location and subsequent agile lithography aligned with the source. We have developed a programmable confocal microscope system to localize QEs with subwavelength precision, and subsequently accurately define nanostructures around the emitters. We show that repeated sampling of emitter location relative to alignment markers can account for sample drift and localize the emitter position within a few tens of nanometers. We demonstrate the deterministic enhancement of the collected photon intensity by up to 84% for emitters embedded in a micropillar.
{"title":"Nanoscale Localization Microscopy and Deterministic Lithography of Solid-State Quantum Emitters","authors":"Sam G. Bishop, Hüseyin B. Yağcı, Rachel N. Clark, John P. Hadden, Anthony J. Bennett","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02864","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum emitters (QEs) in the solid state can be spatially aligned with nanostructures to increase the photon collection efficiency and radiative emission rate. In many promising material platforms, these QEs are randomly positioned over the sample area, necessitating precise mapping of the emitter location and subsequent agile lithography aligned with the source. We have developed a programmable confocal microscope system to localize QEs with subwavelength precision, and subsequently accurately define nanostructures around the emitters. We show that repeated sampling of emitter location relative to alignment markers can account for sample drift and localize the emitter position within a few tens of nanometers. We demonstrate the deterministic enhancement of the collected photon intensity by up to 84% for emitters embedded in a micropillar.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02577
Yuting Xu, Zhen Chai, Xinran Su
Atomic magnetometers (AMs) are among the most promising platforms for ultrasensitive magnetic field detection, achieving femtotesla-level sensitivity in compact, portable architectures. Multichannel magnetic-field measurements within a single vapor cell are intrinsically limited by nonuniform optical pumping, which leads to inconsistent channel responses and degraded spatial resolution. Here, we introduce a novel planar antenna approach based on exceptional-point (EP) that generates an intrinsically uniform, strongly confined radiation field resonant with the 87Rb D1 transition. By exploiting the non-Hermitian modal dynamics near EPs in the antenna bandstructure, specifically engineered silicon nitride antennas generate spatially uniform and confined optical fields, enabling submillimeter-resolution optical pumping within a miniature vapor cell. In particular, simulations demonstrate that rectangular-etched and laterally homogeneous dielectric antennas reduce the interchannel nonuniformity by nearly an order of magnitude, relative to conventional Gaussian pumping. This method combines the unique physics of EPs with the scalability of planar photonics, potentially offering a new route toward compact, high-spatial-resolution atomic sensor arrays and highlighting the potential for future integrated photonic platforms for precise, multichannel magnetic signal readout.
{"title":"Exceptional Point-Driven Multi-Channel Electron Spin Polarization","authors":"Yuting Xu, Zhen Chai, Xinran Su","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c02577","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic magnetometers (AMs) are among the most promising platforms for ultrasensitive magnetic field detection, achieving femtotesla-level sensitivity in compact, portable architectures. Multichannel magnetic-field measurements within a single vapor cell are intrinsically limited by nonuniform optical pumping, which leads to inconsistent channel responses and degraded spatial resolution. Here, we introduce a novel planar antenna approach based on exceptional-point (EP) that generates an intrinsically uniform, strongly confined radiation field resonant with the <sup>87</sup>Rb D1 transition. By exploiting the non-Hermitian modal dynamics near EPs in the antenna bandstructure, specifically engineered silicon nitride antennas generate spatially uniform and confined optical fields, enabling submillimeter-resolution optical pumping within a miniature vapor cell. In particular, simulations demonstrate that rectangular-etched and laterally homogeneous dielectric antennas reduce the interchannel nonuniformity by nearly an order of magnitude, relative to conventional Gaussian pumping. This method combines the unique physics of EPs with the scalability of planar photonics, potentially offering a new route toward compact, high-spatial-resolution atomic sensor arrays and highlighting the potential for future integrated photonic platforms for precise, multichannel magnetic signal readout.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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