Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02468
Tengfei Wu, YoonSeok Baek, Fei Xia, Sylvain Gigan, Hilton B de Aguiar
Far-field super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has been rapidly developed for applications ranging from cell biology to nanomaterials. However, it remains a significant challenge to achieve super-resolution imaging at depth in opaque materials. In this study, we present a super-resolution microscopy technique for imaging hidden fluorescent objects through scattering media, started by exploiting the inherent object replica generation arising from the memory effect, i.e., the seemingly informationless emission speckle can be regarded as a random superposition of multiple object copies. Inspired by the concept of super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging, we use temporally fluctuating speckles to excite fluorescence signals and perform high-order cumulant analysis on the fluctuation, which can not only improve the image resolution but also increase the speckle contrast to isolate only the bright object replicas. A super-resolved image can be finally retrieved by simply unmixing the sparsely distributed replicas with their location map. This methodology allows one to overcome scattering and achieve robust super-resolution fluorescence imaging, circumventing the need for heavy computational steps.
{"title":"Replica-Assisted Super-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging in Scattering Media","authors":"Tengfei Wu, YoonSeok Baek, Fei Xia, Sylvain Gigan, Hilton B de Aguiar","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02468","url":null,"abstract":"Far-field super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has been rapidly developed for applications ranging from cell biology to nanomaterials. However, it remains a significant challenge to achieve super-resolution imaging at depth in opaque materials. In this study, we present a super-resolution microscopy technique for imaging hidden fluorescent objects through scattering media, started by exploiting the inherent object replica generation arising from the memory effect, i.e., the seemingly informationless emission speckle can be regarded as a random superposition of multiple object copies. Inspired by the concept of super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging, we use temporally fluctuating speckles to excite fluorescence signals and perform high-order cumulant analysis on the fluctuation, which can not only improve the image resolution but also increase the speckle contrast to isolate only the bright object replicas. A super-resolved image can be finally retrieved by simply unmixing the sparsely distributed replicas with their location map. This methodology allows one to overcome scattering and achieve robust super-resolution fluorescence imaging, circumventing the need for heavy computational steps.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02620
Thomas Zacharias, Robert Gray, Ryoto Sekine, James Williams, Selina Zhou, Alireza Marandi
The growth of ultrafast nanophotonic circuits necessitates the development of energy-efficient on-chip pulse characterization techniques. Nanophotonic realizations of Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG), a common pulse characterization technique in bulk optics, have been challenging due to their noncollinear nature and the lack of efficient nonlinear optical processes in the integrated platform. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a novel FROG-based technique compatible with the nanophotonic platform that leverages the high gain-bandwidth of a dispersion-engineered degenerate optical parametric amplifier (DOPA) for energy-efficient ultrashort pulse characterization. We demonstrate on-chip pulse characterization of sub-80 fs, ∼1 fJ pulses using just ∼60 fJ of gate pulse energy, which is several orders of magnitude lower than the gate pulse energy required for characterizing similar pulses in the bulk counterpart. In the future, we anticipate our work will enable the characterization of ultraweak-ultrashort pulses with energies at the single photon level.
{"title":"Energy-Efficient Ultrashort-Pulse Characterization Using Nanophotonic Parametric Amplification","authors":"Thomas Zacharias, Robert Gray, Ryoto Sekine, James Williams, Selina Zhou, Alireza Marandi","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02620","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of ultrafast nanophotonic circuits necessitates the development of energy-efficient on-chip pulse characterization techniques. Nanophotonic realizations of Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG), a common pulse characterization technique in bulk optics, have been challenging due to their noncollinear nature and the lack of efficient nonlinear optical processes in the integrated platform. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a novel FROG-based technique compatible with the nanophotonic platform that leverages the high gain-bandwidth of a dispersion-engineered degenerate optical parametric amplifier (DOPA) for energy-efficient ultrashort pulse characterization. We demonstrate on-chip pulse characterization of sub-80 fs, ∼1 fJ pulses using just ∼60 fJ of gate pulse energy, which is several orders of magnitude lower than the gate pulse energy required for characterizing similar pulses in the bulk counterpart. In the future, we anticipate our work will enable the characterization of ultraweak-ultrashort pulses with energies at the single photon level.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of adaptive, multistate neuromorphic and photonic-memristive devices is essential for advancing intelligent systems capable of complex learning and decision-making. However, conventional devices face limitations in achieving simultaneous, tunable electrical and optical responses required for such biomimetic functions, often necessitating complex circuitry or material-specific modifications that hinder scalability and integration. Here, we present a reconfigurable, ion-migration driven WSe2-based memristor that addresses these challenges by enabling multistate, reversible switching between photoconductive and photovoltaic states. First-principles calculations were employed to investigate the Pd migration mechanism, revealing how controlled Pd ion movement dynamically modulates the device’s band structure and contributes to its multistate functionality. Ultimately, the device achieves notable rectification ratios─up to 3 orders of magnitude─and a photovoltage modulation range of approximately ±0.5 V. These capabilities allow the device to emulate associative learning and multicondition decision-making in response to both external stimuli and internal states, directly supporting neuromorphic applications. These advancements, combined with an integration-friendly fabrication process, underscore the device’s potential for secure communication, adaptive signal processing, and scalable neuromorphic systems.
{"title":"Reconfigurable Ion-Migration Driven Memristor for Multistate Neuromorphic Associative Learning","authors":"Jiaji Yang, Xin Li, Junzhe Gu, Feilong Yu, Jin Chen, Juntong Liu, Yuxin Song, Xianjie Lin, Xiaoshuang Chen, Wei Lu, Guanhai Li","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00023","url":null,"abstract":"The development of adaptive, multistate neuromorphic and photonic-memristive devices is essential for advancing intelligent systems capable of complex learning and decision-making. However, conventional devices face limitations in achieving simultaneous, tunable electrical and optical responses required for such biomimetic functions, often necessitating complex circuitry or material-specific modifications that hinder scalability and integration. Here, we present a reconfigurable, ion-migration driven WSe<sub>2</sub>-based memristor that addresses these challenges by enabling multistate, reversible switching between photoconductive and photovoltaic states. First-principles calculations were employed to investigate the Pd migration mechanism, revealing how controlled Pd ion movement dynamically modulates the device’s band structure and contributes to its multistate functionality. Ultimately, the device achieves notable rectification ratios─up to 3 orders of magnitude─and a photovoltage modulation range of approximately ±0.5 V. These capabilities allow the device to emulate associative learning and multicondition decision-making in response to both external stimuli and internal states, directly supporting neuromorphic applications. These advancements, combined with an integration-friendly fabrication process, underscore the device’s potential for secure communication, adaptive signal processing, and scalable neuromorphic systems.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02362
Maksym V. Zhelyeznyakov, Johannes E. Fröch, Shane Colburn, Steven L. Brunton, Arka Majumdar
Computer vision tasks require processing large amounts of data to perform image classification, segmentation, and feature extraction. Optical preprocessors can potentially reduce the number of floating-point operations required by computer vision tasks, enabling low-power and low-latency operation. However, existing optical preprocessors are mostly learned and hence strongly depend on the training data and thus lack universal applicability. In this paper, we present a meta-optic imager, which implements the Radon transform, obviating the need for training the optics. High-quality image reconstruction with a large compression ratio of 9.2% is presented through the use of the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique. We also demonstrate image classification with 90% accuracy on a further compressed (0.6% of total measured pixels) Radon data set through a neural network trained on digitally transformed images. Our work shows the efficacy of data-independent encoding in an optical encoder. While our platform is based on meta-optics, we note that such encoding can be performed with other optics as well.
{"title":"Computed Tomography Using Meta-Optics","authors":"Maksym V. Zhelyeznyakov, Johannes E. Fröch, Shane Colburn, Steven L. Brunton, Arka Majumdar","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02362","url":null,"abstract":"Computer vision tasks require processing large amounts of data to perform image classification, segmentation, and feature extraction. Optical preprocessors can potentially reduce the number of floating-point operations required by computer vision tasks, enabling low-power and low-latency operation. However, existing optical preprocessors are mostly learned and hence strongly depend on the training data and thus lack universal applicability. In this paper, we present a meta-optic imager, which implements the Radon transform, obviating the need for training the optics. High-quality image reconstruction with a large compression ratio of 9.2% is presented through the use of the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique. We also demonstrate image classification with 90% accuracy on a further compressed (0.6% of total measured pixels) Radon data set through a neural network trained on digitally transformed images. Our work shows the efficacy of data-independent encoding in an optical encoder. While our platform is based on meta-optics, we note that such encoding can be performed with other optics as well.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02516
Antonios Pelekanidis, Fengling Zhang, Kjeld S. E. Eikema, Stefan Witte
Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) can be generated in the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectra by means of high harmonic generation (HHG). In HHG, phase properties of the drive laser, such as curvature, aberrations, and topological charge, are upconverted to the harmonic beams and coherently added to the inherent dipole phase. The strong nonlinearity of the HHG process, combined with the rapid phase variations corresponding to large OAM values in these vortex beams, leads to a high sensitivity to small variations in the driving field. However, a study of the generation dynamics via an accurate reconstruction of multiwavelength OAM beams is challenging. Here we show full complex field measurements of multiple individual harmonics of the HHG vortex beams. By using spectrally resolved ptychographic wavefront sensing, we retrieve the high-resolution amplitude and phase profiles for harmonics 23 to 29 in parallel, enabling detailed multiwavelength beam reconstructions. We study the influence of generation conditions and drive laser aberrations on the resulting vortex fields by comparing measured fields to numerical simulations and retrieving the propagation conditions around the focus and the OAM content of the beams. Specifically, we find that the multimodal content of such vortex beams can significantly influence the propagation and field distributions in the focal region. Such a beam propagation analysis allows a prediction of the resulting attosecond pulse trains and associated attosecond light springs that can be generated under realistic driving conditions.
{"title":"Generation Dynamics of Broadband Extreme Ultraviolet Vortex Beams","authors":"Antonios Pelekanidis, Fengling Zhang, Kjeld S. E. Eikema, Stefan Witte","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02516","url":null,"abstract":"Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) can be generated in the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectra by means of high harmonic generation (HHG). In HHG, phase properties of the drive laser, such as curvature, aberrations, and topological charge, are upconverted to the harmonic beams and coherently added to the inherent dipole phase. The strong nonlinearity of the HHG process, combined with the rapid phase variations corresponding to large OAM values in these vortex beams, leads to a high sensitivity to small variations in the driving field. However, a study of the generation dynamics via an accurate reconstruction of multiwavelength OAM beams is challenging. Here we show full complex field measurements of multiple individual harmonics of the HHG vortex beams. By using spectrally resolved ptychographic wavefront sensing, we retrieve the high-resolution amplitude and phase profiles for harmonics 23 to 29 in parallel, enabling detailed multiwavelength beam reconstructions. We study the influence of generation conditions and drive laser aberrations on the resulting vortex fields by comparing measured fields to numerical simulations and retrieving the propagation conditions around the focus and the OAM content of the beams. Specifically, we find that the multimodal content of such vortex beams can significantly influence the propagation and field distributions in the focal region. Such a beam propagation analysis allows a prediction of the resulting attosecond pulse trains and associated attosecond light springs that can be generated under realistic driving conditions.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02409
Haoguang Liu, Yiyang Luo, Yixiang Sun, Yu An, Yao Yao, Jindong Wang, Cunzheng Fan, Qizhen Sun, Perry Ping Shum
Soliton molecules constitute a fundamental structure in nonlinear optics, which presents a striking analogy with matter particles. The multiplicity of degrees of freedom endows them with the artificial manipulation of molecular patterns, yielding compelling scenarios toward on-demand harnessing for applied stimuli, in which the molecular phase gradually reveals its remarkable controllability. Here, we report a quaternary encoding scheme relying upon gain-dominated phase customization. Initially, via artificial modulation of laser gain, the deterministic harnessing of the type and velocity of molecular phase evolution is well implemented, in which one phase-oscillating state, one stationary state, and two phase-sliding states with different evolving velocities can be reliably switched to each another. Moreover, taking the four states in different phase regions as the encoding symbols, the hybrid quaternary encoding format is implemented. Due to the distinct characteristics of each phase region, this scheme can facilitate the recognition of the code symbols, therefore possessing high fidelity and high antijamming capability. Particularly, incorporating both type and velocity of molecular phase as characteristics of the code elements endows the hybrid encoding scheme with the potential for dimensional scalability. All of these results experimentally demonstrate the encoding capabilities of relative phase as well as highlight their potential applications in large-capacity all-optical storage and soliton communication.
{"title":"Gain-Dominated Phase Customization Enables the Hybrid Quaternary Encoding of Dissipative Soliton Molecules","authors":"Haoguang Liu, Yiyang Luo, Yixiang Sun, Yu An, Yao Yao, Jindong Wang, Cunzheng Fan, Qizhen Sun, Perry Ping Shum","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02409","url":null,"abstract":"Soliton molecules constitute a fundamental structure in nonlinear optics, which presents a striking analogy with matter particles. The multiplicity of degrees of freedom endows them with the artificial manipulation of molecular patterns, yielding compelling scenarios toward on-demand harnessing for applied stimuli, in which the molecular phase gradually reveals its remarkable controllability. Here, we report a quaternary encoding scheme relying upon gain-dominated phase customization. Initially, via artificial modulation of laser gain, the deterministic harnessing of the type and velocity of molecular phase evolution is well implemented, in which one phase-oscillating state, one stationary state, and two phase-sliding states with different evolving velocities can be reliably switched to each another. Moreover, taking the four states in different phase regions as the encoding symbols, the hybrid quaternary encoding format is implemented. Due to the distinct characteristics of each phase region, this scheme can facilitate the recognition of the code symbols, therefore possessing high fidelity and high antijamming capability. Particularly, incorporating both type and velocity of molecular phase as characteristics of the code elements endows the hybrid encoding scheme with the potential for dimensional scalability. All of these results experimentally demonstrate the encoding capabilities of relative phase as well as highlight their potential applications in large-capacity all-optical storage and soliton communication.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02616
Ozan Arı, Nahit Polat, Volkan Fırat, Özgür Çakır, Serkan Ateş
Color centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are emerging as a mature platform for single-photon sources in quantum technology applications. In this study, we investigate the temperature-dependent spectral properties of a single defect in hBN to understand the dominant dephasing mechanisms due to phonons. We observe a sharp zero-phonon line (ZPL) emission accompanied by Stokes and anti-Stokes optical phonon sidebands assisted by the Raman-active low-energy (≈ 6.5 meV) interlayer shear mode of hBN. The shape of the spectral lines around the ZPL is measured down to 78 K, at which the line width of the ZPL is measured as 211 μeV. Using a quadratic electron–phonon interaction, the temperature-dependent broadening and the lineshift of the ZPL are found to follow a temperature dependence of T + T5 and T + T3, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent line shape around the ZPL at low-temperature conditions is modeled with a linear electron–phonon coupling theory, which results in a 0 K Debye–Waller factor of the ZPL emission as 0.59. Our results provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of electron–phonon coupling in hBN, which is critical to enhance their potential for applications in quantum technologies.
{"title":"Temperature-Dependent Spectral Properties of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Color Centers","authors":"Ozan Arı, Nahit Polat, Volkan Fırat, Özgür Çakır, Serkan Ateş","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02616","url":null,"abstract":"Color centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are emerging as a mature platform for single-photon sources in quantum technology applications. In this study, we investigate the temperature-dependent spectral properties of a single defect in hBN to understand the dominant dephasing mechanisms due to phonons. We observe a sharp zero-phonon line (ZPL) emission accompanied by Stokes and anti-Stokes optical phonon sidebands assisted by the Raman-active low-energy (≈ 6.5 meV) interlayer shear mode of hBN. The shape of the spectral lines around the ZPL is measured down to 78 K, at which the line width of the ZPL is measured as 211 μeV. Using a quadratic electron–phonon interaction, the temperature-dependent broadening and the lineshift of the ZPL are found to follow a temperature dependence of <i>T</i> + <i>T</i><sup>5</sup> and <i>T</i> + <i>T</i><sup>3</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent line shape around the ZPL at low-temperature conditions is modeled with a linear electron–phonon coupling theory, which results in a 0 K Debye–Waller factor of the ZPL emission as 0.59. Our results provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of electron–phonon coupling in hBN, which is critical to enhance their potential for applications in quantum technologies.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02270
Zhi-He Hao, Zhen-Xuan He, Jovan Maksimovic, Tomas Katkus, Jin-Shi Xu, Saulius Juodkazis, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo, Stefania Castelletto
Near-infrared emission in silicon carbide (SiC) holds potential advantages to reduce losses in fiber-optic quantum communication, integrated quantum photonics, and quantum sensing based on single-photon emission and spin qubits. In this paper, we study the fluorescence emission of a direct femtosecond laser written array of color centers in SiC, followed by thermal annealing. We show that in high-energy laser writing pulse regions, a near-telecom O-band ensemble fluorescence emission is observed after thermal annealing, and it is tentatively attributed to the nitrogen vacancy center in SiC. Further in the low-energy laser irradiation spots after annealing, we fabricated a few divacancy PL5 and PL6 types and demonstrate their optical spin read-out and coherent spin manipulation (Rabi and Ramsey oscillations and spin echo). We show that direct laser writing and thermal annealing can yield bright near-telecom emission and allows the spin manipulation of the divacancy with above 1.6 μs coherence time at room temperature.
{"title":"Laser Writing and Spin Control of Near-Infrared Emitters in Silicon Carbide","authors":"Zhi-He Hao, Zhen-Xuan He, Jovan Maksimovic, Tomas Katkus, Jin-Shi Xu, Saulius Juodkazis, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo, Stefania Castelletto","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02270","url":null,"abstract":"Near-infrared emission in silicon carbide (SiC) holds potential advantages to reduce losses in fiber-optic quantum communication, integrated quantum photonics, and quantum sensing based on single-photon emission and spin qubits. In this paper, we study the fluorescence emission of a direct femtosecond laser written array of color centers in SiC, followed by thermal annealing. We show that in high-energy laser writing pulse regions, a near-telecom O-band ensemble fluorescence emission is observed after thermal annealing, and it is tentatively attributed to the nitrogen vacancy center in SiC. Further in the low-energy laser irradiation spots after annealing, we fabricated a few divacancy PL5 and PL6 types and demonstrate their optical spin read-out and coherent spin manipulation (Rabi and Ramsey oscillations and spin echo). We show that direct laser writing and thermal annealing can yield bright near-telecom emission and allows the spin manipulation of the divacancy with above 1.6 μs coherence time at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rare-earth ions in bulk crystals are excellent solid-state quantum systems in quantum information science owing to their exceptional optical and spin coherence properties. However, the weak fluorescence of single rare-earth ions presents a significant challenge for scalability, necessitating the integration into microcavities. Thin films serve as a promising material platform for the integration, yet fabrication without compromising the properties of the materials and rare-earth ions remains challenging. In this work, we fabricate micrometer-thin yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) films from bulk crystals using ion implantation techniques. The resulting films preserve the single-crystalline structure of the original bulk crystal. Notably, the embedded rare-earth ions are photostable and exhibit bulk-like spin coherence properties. Our results demonstrate the compatibility of bulk-like spin properties with the thin-film fabrication technique, facilitating the efficient integration of rare-earth ions into on-chip photonic devices and advancing the applications of rare-earth ionsin quantum technologies.
{"title":"Coherence Properties of Rare-Earth Spins in Micrometer-Thin Films","authors":"Zihua Chai, Zhaocong Wang, Xinghang Chen, Quanshen Shen, Zeyu Gao, Junyu Guan, Hanyu Zhang, Ya Wang, Yang Tan, Feng Chen, Kangwei Xia","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02520","url":null,"abstract":"Rare-earth ions in bulk crystals are excellent solid-state quantum systems in quantum information science owing to their exceptional optical and spin coherence properties. However, the weak fluorescence of single rare-earth ions presents a significant challenge for scalability, necessitating the integration into microcavities. Thin films serve as a promising material platform for the integration, yet fabrication without compromising the properties of the materials and rare-earth ions remains challenging. In this work, we fabricate micrometer-thin yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) films from bulk crystals using ion implantation techniques. The resulting films preserve the single-crystalline structure of the original bulk crystal. Notably, the embedded rare-earth ions are photostable and exhibit bulk-like spin coherence properties. Our results demonstrate the compatibility of bulk-like spin properties with the thin-film fabrication technique, facilitating the efficient integration of rare-earth ions into on-chip photonic devices and advancing the applications of rare-earth ionsin quantum technologies.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01632
Yumeng Luo, Yuqi Liu, Hongyu Yu, Kwai Hei Li
With the rapid advancements in modern technology, the demand for advanced tactile sensors capable of precisely detecting the magnitude and position of the applied force has grown exponentially urgent. Optical methodologies in force sensing, despite offering exceptional sensitivity and swift responsiveness, often necessitate the alignment of external optics, hindering the pursuit of high-density integration and downscaling. In this work, a compact optical tactile sensor incorporating a GaN device with a deformable reflective dome is introduced. The device adopts a monolithic integration approach comprising a light emitter and four photodetectors. The PDMS dome, embedded with calcium carbonate powder, functions as a light modulator, effectively converting tactile signals into optical signals. The developed sensor exhibits a compact footprint of 4 × 4 mm2 and a measurement range from 0 to 1.1 N with a high resolution of 1.5 mN. Additionally, an encoding system is implemented to recognize the orientation of the applied force and wirelessly transmit the results to a user interface, revealing the potential use of the proposed optical tactile sensor in practical applications.
{"title":"Optical Tactile Sensor Based on Monolithically Integrated GaN Devices with PDMS/CaCO3 Reflective Domes","authors":"Yumeng Luo, Yuqi Liu, Hongyu Yu, Kwai Hei Li","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01632","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid advancements in modern technology, the demand for advanced tactile sensors capable of precisely detecting the magnitude and position of the applied force has grown exponentially urgent. Optical methodologies in force sensing, despite offering exceptional sensitivity and swift responsiveness, often necessitate the alignment of external optics, hindering the pursuit of high-density integration and downscaling. In this work, a compact optical tactile sensor incorporating a GaN device with a deformable reflective dome is introduced. The device adopts a monolithic integration approach comprising a light emitter and four photodetectors. The PDMS dome, embedded with calcium carbonate powder, functions as a light modulator, effectively converting tactile signals into optical signals. The developed sensor exhibits a compact footprint of 4 × 4 mm<sup>2</sup> and a measurement range from 0 to 1.1 N with a high resolution of 1.5 mN. Additionally, an encoding system is implemented to recognize the orientation of the applied force and wirelessly transmit the results to a user interface, revealing the potential use of the proposed optical tactile sensor in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：