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Multiphase friction calculation peculiarities based on models implemented in the "d-Flow" software package 基于 "d-Flow "软件包模型的多相摩擦计算特殊性
Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-6-11-47-64
N. O. Matroshilov, A. M. Krylov, M. G. Kozlov, P. A. Lyhin, E. Usov, D. Tailakov, V. Ulyanov
In order to ensure efficient and safe operation of oil and gas fields, a tool is required to design production wells and surface infrastructure. It is important to take into account the physical processes that occur during production, as well as fluid properties and phase transitions. The "d-Flow" software package enables the creation of a comprehensive field model based on geological and field data to calculate hydraulic losses of pipelines and forecast hydrocarbon production. The fluid flow modelling is based on the calculation of multiphase friction with the wall of a well or a pipeline.                The article discusses the implementation of four friction models: the Beggs-Brill model, the Gray model and its modification, and the Mukherjee-Brill model. The purpose of this work is to compare the predictions of friction models with the results obtained using commercial realizations of the same models. The results of the Schlumberger PIPESIM hydraulic simulator calculations were used as a benchmark for comparison with the "d-Flow" models. Numerical experiments were conducted to investigate two-phase flow under varying well geometry and flow regimes. The models used were compared, and the results showed that the predicted liquid holdup had an average relative error of 0.06%. In some cases, the error was as low as 0.02%. The predicted cumulative pressure drop in the well did not exceed 0.34% for all considered models. Based on the comparison results, we conclude that the "d-Flow" software package is suitable for calculating pressure drop in wells of different geometry and surface networks.
为了确保油气田的高效安全运营,需要一种工具来设计生产井和地面基础设施。必须考虑到生产过程中发生的物理过程以及流体特性和相变。d-Flow" 软件包可根据地质和油气田数据创建综合油气田模型,计算管道水力损失并预测碳氢化合物产量。流体流动建模的基础是计算多相与井壁或管道的摩擦力。 文章讨论了四种摩擦模型的实施:Beggs-Brill 模型、Gray 模型及其修改版以及 Mukherjee-Brill 模型。这项工作的目的是将摩擦模型的预测结果与使用相同模型的商业实现所获得的结果进行比较。斯伦贝谢 PIPESIM 水力模拟器的计算结果被用作与 "d-Flow "模型进行比较的基准。进行了数值实验,以研究不同油井几何形状和流态下的两相流动。对所使用的模型进行了比较,结果表明,预测的液持平均相对误差为 0.06%。在某些情况下,误差甚至低至 0.02%。在所有考虑的模型中,预测的井内累积压降不超过 0.34%。根据比较结果,我们得出结论:"d-Flow "软件包适用于计算不同几何形状和表面网络的水井压降。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated model "reservoir-well" based on D-CRMP 基于 D-CRMP 的 "水库-井 "综合模型
Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-6-11-35-46
V. I. Lebedev, E. N. Musakaev, N. G. Musakaev, S. P. Rodionov
The active use of integrated modeling in reservoir engineering of oil fields has led to research to overcome the problems of its practical application. Typically, a 3D hydrodynamic model is used as a component characterizing the fluid flow in the reservoir. The downsides of the model are high computational complexity and low reliability of the initial data. Therefore, the objectives of the study are to construct an integrated reservoir-well model that does not have these drawbacks and to verify its adequacy. The article presents an integrated model for fast decision-making in the development of oil fields, as well as for analysis of the characteristics of the inter-well space, which doesn't require prior information about the reservoir. The integrated model is based on a representation of the analytical capacitance-resistance model (CRM), which considers shutdown periods of production wells. Oil flow rates are calculated using the Koval method. The pressure distribution in wells is calculated using a correlation similar to that used in the tNavigator software. A comparison was made between the calculation results obtained using the integrated model based on D-CRMP and the calculations in the tNavigator.
在油田储层工程中积极使用综合建模,促使人们研究如何克服实际应用中的问题。通常情况下,三维流体力学模型被用作描述储油层流体流动特征的组成部分。该模型的缺点是计算复杂度高,初始数据可靠性低。因此,本研究的目标是构建一个没有这些缺点的储层-井综合模型,并验证其适当性。文章提出了一个综合模型,用于油田开发的快速决策以及井间空间特征的分析,该模型不需要事先了解储层信息。该综合模型基于电容-电阻分析模型(CRM),考虑了生产井的停产期。石油流速采用科瓦尔法计算。油井中的压力分布采用类似于 tNavigator 软件中使用的相关性进行计算。使用基于 D-CRMP 的综合模型得出的计算结果与 tNavigator 中的计算结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Criteria approach to the professional selection of an operator of an automated control system for an integrated oil and gas processing unit at the Kogalymneftegaz territorial production enterprise 为 "科加利姆涅夫特加兹"(Kogalymneftegaz)地区生产企业的石油和天然气综合处理装置自动化控制系统专业选择操作员的标准方法
Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-6-11-88-97
E. Zhilyakov, I. Tomus, Z. Monakhova, S. A. Guzeeva, G. L. Petrov
Research into the criteria for selecting professionals to operate automated control systems for integrated oil and gas processing units involves evaluating the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of employees and applicants in this field. The operator of automated control systems plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency of oil and gas production, industrial safety, and labour protection at the enterprise. The process of professional selection complex and can be affected by various negative factors that affect the working capacity of the studied group. These factors include objective and subjective fatigue processes, as well as the activity of the central nervous system. The latter is dependent not only on a person's psychotype but also on the intensity of these factors. Additionally, extreme climatic and geographical working conditions, shift work, and harmful parameters in the production process can also be mentioned. The Professional Selection Programme was developed for an operator of the automated control system of the integrated oil and gas processing unit of LUKOIL-Western Siberia LLC, Kogalymneftegaz territorial production enterprise. The analysis of the data enabled us to establish the main requirements for this Programme and devise an algorithm for its implementation.
对石油和天然气综合处理装置自动化控制系统操作专业人员的选拔标准进行研究,涉及对该领域雇员和申请人的质量和数量特征进行评估。自动化控制系统操作员在确保石油和天然气生产效率、工业安全和企业劳动保护方面发挥着至关重要的作用。专业人员的选拔过程十分复杂,可能会受到影响所研究群体工作能力的各种负面因素的影响。这些因素包括客观和主观的疲劳过程,以及中枢神经系统的活动。后者不仅取决于一个人的心理类型,还取决于这些因素的强度。此外,极端的气候和地理工作条件、轮班工作和生产过程中的有害参数也会造成疲劳。专业选拔计划是为科加利姆涅夫特加兹(Kogalymneftegaz)地区生产企业卢克石油西西伯利亚有限责任公司(LUKOIL-Western Siberia LLC)油气综合处理装置自动控制系统的一名操作员制定的。通过对数据的分析,我们确定了该计划的主要要求,并设计了实施该计划的算法。
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引用次数: 0
Geosteering, application of synthetic logging to horizontal wellbore sections 地质导向,将合成测井应用于水平井段
Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-6-11-65-77
E. V. Novitskaya, A. A. Shiryaev
This article provides an analysis of the process and optimization of horizontal wellbore tracking using geosteering control. Recently, the issue of high-quality and efficient drilling of wells through the reservoir and determining the position of the wellbore in the formations has been raised. In this regard, complex data analysis is used based on a 3D geological model and special software for well geosteering. In preparation for drilling a well, it is necessary to prepare voluminous, comprehensive information on previously drilled wells in a particular field and upload the results of seismic surveys. The article also describes an analysis of activities at various stages of drilling support, starting with geophysical reference and opening the target formation with the transport section.                When drilling a horizontal section of a well, geosteering software is used while drilling wells, equipped with various tools, one of which is the 2D synthetic logging method. The method is based on the superposition of logging curves of a previously drilled reference vertical well and a directional well with a horizontal end currently being drilled. The two-dimensional synthetic logging method is the main and most optimal way to optimize the placement of wells with horizontal completion when drilling terrigenous reservoirs in Western Siberia.
本文分析了利用地质导向控制进行水平井井筒跟踪的过程和优化。最近,人们提出了在储层中高质量、高效率地钻井并确定井筒在地层中位置的问题。在这方面,使用了基于三维地质模型的复杂数据分析和用于油井地质导向的专用软件。在准备钻井的过程中,有必要准备大量、全面的信息,了解特定区域之前钻井的情况,并上传地震勘测结果。文章还对钻井支持各阶段的活动进行了分析,从地球物理参考开始,用运输段打开目标地层。 在钻井水平段时,使用地质导向软件,同时配备各种工具,其中之一是二维合成测井法。该方法基于先前钻过的基准垂直井和目前正在钻的水平端定向井的测井曲线的叠加。二维合成测井法是在西西伯利亚钻探原生储层时优化水平完井位置的主要和最佳方法。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and field studies of wave technology for bottomhole cleaning and clogging of permeable formations 用于渗透地层井底清理和堵塞的波浪技术的实验和现场研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-6-11-25-34
Yu. S. Kuznetsov, S. R. Ganiev, D. Sultanov, V. N. Fedorov, S. N. Bastrikov
The article presents the results of field experiments and field tests of wave technology for bottomhole cleaning and clogging of permeable formations. Acceleration of well construction time and avoidance of plugging (especially in gas wells) is extremely important nowadays. It is widely acknowledged that rock fractures occur due to the alternating motion of the flushing fluid, and it has significant implications for accelerating drilling processes and maintaining wellbore stability. This can be achieved through the wave motion of the flushing fluid. The experiments were conducted on a specialized installation that simulates downhole conditions, enabling the modeling of downhole processes. We created and tested various designs of wave generators to flush holes of bits with different types and sizes. Experimental evidence suggests that wave technology can aid in bottomhole cleaning and the creation of a colmatation screen. The wave action helps to keep the bottomhole zone and well walls clean, and significantly reduces the penetration of drilling fluid filtrate into the rock. The use of wave technology for bottomhole cleaning and permeable formation ringing shows great potential for oil and gas well construction. The sealing of the borehole space is crucial in the construction of Underground Gas Storage facilities.
文章介绍了现场实验和现场测试波浪技术用于井底清理和堵塞渗透地层的结果。如今,加快建井时间和避免堵塞(尤其是气井)极为重要。人们普遍认为,岩石裂缝是由于冲洗液的交替运动造成的,这对加快钻井进程和保持井筒稳定具有重要意义。这可以通过冲洗液的波浪运动来实现。实验是在模拟井下条件的专用装置上进行的,从而能够对井下过程进行建模。我们创建并测试了各种设计的波浪发生器,以冲洗不同类型和尺寸的钻头孔。实验证据表明,波浪技术可以帮助进行井底清洁和建立胶凝筛网。波浪作用有助于保持井底区域和井壁的清洁,并显著减少钻井液滤液对岩石的渗透。使用波浪技术进行井底清洁和渗透地层圈闭,在油气井施工中显示出巨大的潜力。井眼空间的密封对于地下储气设施的建设至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
An interpretation of data after performing Step-rate-test in multi-layered, unconsolidated and weakly consolidated reservoirs 在多层、非固结和弱固结储层中进行阶跃速率测试后的数据解释
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-6-11-24
R. R. Alekberov, A. A. Volf
The prerequisite for this study is the difficulty in interpreting data after stimulation of the bottomhole formation zone has been carried out. The objectives of this work are the applicability and interpretation of Step-rate-test (SRT) data to evaluate suitable injection regimes in multilayered, unconsolidated and weakly consolidated reservoirs and the demonstration of the correlation between injection rate and pressure in a graphical format. We investigated the stability of the reservoir structure to pressure gradients by increasing pressure and injecting fluid through the injection well stock. We concluded that this stability does not improve over time. This means that the practical significance of this method lies in its ability to alter the pressure gradient when injecting fluid to maintain a constant flow rate. The constancy of the pressure gradient has a major impact on the stimulation of the bottomhole formation zone and therefore it can be concluded that the reservoir properties in the bottomhole formation zone are dynamic in nature and can change over time. It should be noted that the study found that a change in pore pressure within the loose rock can also affect the phase (effective) permeability, which in turn can affect the required pressure gradients during injection.
这项研究的前提条件是,在对井底地层区进行激励后,很难对数据进行解释。这项工作的目标是应用和解释阶跃速率测试(SRT)数据,以评估多层、未固结和弱固结储层中合适的注入制度,并以图表形式展示注入速率与压力之间的相关性。我们通过增加压力并通过注水井注入流体,研究了储层结构对压力梯度的稳定性。我们得出的结论是,这种稳定性不会随着时间的推移而提高。这意味着,这种方法的实际意义在于,它能够在注入流体时改变压力梯度,以保持恒定的流量。压力梯度的恒定性对井底地层区的刺激有很大影响,因此可以得出结论,井底地层区的储层性质是动态的,会随着时间的推移而发生变化。值得注意的是,研究发现松散岩层内孔隙压力的变化也会影响相(有效)渗透率,进而影响注入过程中所需的压力梯度。
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引用次数: 0
New in the range of reagents and technologies for chemical enhanced oil recovery in high-temperature reservoirs 高温油藏化学强化采油试剂和技术系列的新产品
Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-5-117-130
S. F. Mambetov, Y. Zemtsov
Currently, numerous enhanced oil recovery reagents and application technologies have been developed in the domains of flow rejection and injection profile levelling. The choice of stimulation methods is reliant on the geological and physical conditions of the reservoir. Therefore, the accuracy of this choice has a direct impact on the efficiency of implementing enhanced oil recovery technologies.The current availability of low-volume chemical enhanced oil recovery reagents for high-temperature reservoirs is limited, and their effectiveness varies. This article presents the results of a pilot study from 2018 to 2021 aimed at improving oil recovery in high-temperature reservoirs. The study involves evaluating approved levelling technologies for injection profiles that use thermotropic compositions "Complex 377" and "EOR701R", as well as the polymer composition "EOR909R". The geological and physical conditions of their approbation, as well as the primary injection parameters and resulting findings, are provided.This information will be valuable to professionals engaged in enhanced oil recovery methods for oil reservoirs, as well as those working on the implementation of physical and chemical methods for the same purpose.
目前,在阻流和注入剖面平整领域已开发出许多提高石油采收率的试剂和应用技术。刺激方法的选择取决于油藏的地质和物理条件。因此,这种选择的准确性直接影响到提高石油采收率技术的实施效率。目前,用于高温油藏的低剂量化学提高石油采收率试剂非常有限,而且效果参差不齐。本文介绍了 2018 年至 2021 年旨在提高高温油藏采油率的试点研究结果。该研究涉及评估已获批准的注入剖面配平技术,这些技术使用了热致性成分 "Complex 377 "和 "EOR701R",以及聚合物成分 "EOR909R"。这些信息对于从事油藏提高石油采收率方法的专业人员,以及为相同目的实施物理和化学方法的人员都很有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Cost reduction in the construction of horizontal wells by optimizing the polymer-chloride drilling mud and its reuse 通过优化聚合物-氯化物钻井泥浆及其再利用,降低水平井施工成本
Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-5-107-116
M. Fattahov, E. Babushkin, M. Buyanova, V. G. Vaulin, T. Sadykov, A. Shalyapina
One of the key tasks in oil and gas well development today is to optimize the cost of various technical processes, including the preparation of drilling muds. The article explores technological remedies to decrease the concentration of potassium chloride, which is the main inhibitor of the hydration of clay rocks, in the composition of drilling mud used for horizontal well drilling. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the drilling mud left after the initial drilling of the productive formation could be reused. Due to the fact that the interval of the horizontal section of wells is represented mainly by sandstone, the composition of the drilling mud must be refined so that the use of inhibitor reagents can be reduced. Reuse of spent drilling muds in the construction of horizontal wells reduces the consumption of multi-tonnage components without impairing the processability of the flushing fluid used. The implementation of this approach will enable the achievement of economic benefits through a reduction in expenses for the preparation of drilling mud and in the amount of drilling waste generated.
当今油气井开发的关键任务之一是优化各种技术流程的成本,包括钻井泥浆的制备。文章探讨了降低水平井钻井泥浆成分中氯化钾浓度的技术补救措施,氯化钾是粘土岩水化的主要抑制剂。此外,研究还证明,在对高产地层进行初步钻探后留下的钻井泥浆可以重复使用。由于水平井段的地层主要是砂岩,因此必须改进钻井泥浆的成分,以减少抑制剂试剂的使用。在水平井施工中重复使用废弃的钻井泥浆可以减少多吨成分的消耗,同时又不影响所使用冲洗液的可加工性。采用这种方法可以减少配制钻井泥浆的费用和产生的钻井废物量,从而实现经济效益。
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引用次数: 0
A study of perforation fluids for secondary opening of productive formations at the Bovanenkovo oil and gas condensate field 博万年科沃石油和天然气凝析油田二次打开生产层的射孔流体研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-5-77-91
E. V. Panikarovskii, M. V. Raspopova, M. V. Ryazapov, A. A. Biletsky
When leaving the drilling of gas wells at the fields of Western Siberia, various methods and technologies are employed for their development, such as the secondary opening of productive formations. While undertaking the secondary opening, it is essential to maintain the reservoir properties of the bottomhole formation zone. Liquids for perforation work must be employed for this purpose. Simultaneously, it is recommended to use salt-based perforating liquids treated with CMC-700 and sulfacell, on a hydrocarbon basis (diesel fuel and gas condensate) and on acidic compositions with a high permeability recovery coefficient for carrying out perforation work at equilibrium and depression. After conducting laboratory experiments, we have selected perforating liquids with a permeability recovery coefficient of over 96 % and perforating liquids based on acid compositions with a permeability recovery coefficient of over 180 %.
在西西伯利亚气田钻探天然气井时,采用了各种方法和技术进行开发,如二次打开高产地层。在进行二次开井时,必须保持井底地层区的储层特性。为此,必须使用射孔作业液。同时,建议使用经 CMC-700 和 sulfacell 处理的盐基射孔液,以碳氢化合物为基础(柴油和天然气凝析油),并使用具有高渗透恢复系数的酸性成分,在平衡和凹陷状态下进行射孔作业。经过实验室实验,我们选择了渗透恢复系数超过 96 % 的射孔液和渗透恢复系数超过 180 % 的基于酸性成分的射孔液。
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引用次数: 0
An estimation of reservoir pressure dynamics and recoverable gas reserves based on the data of production well surveys 根据生产井勘测数据估算储层压力动态和可采天然气储量
Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.31660/0445-0108-2023-5-67-76
E. Levitina, E. Inyakina, N. M. Paklinov
In the development of gas fields, reservoir pressure can be used to estimate gas reserves by means of the material balance methodology and to calculate drained reserves. This provides an indication of the effectiveness of the development system. The authors of the article suggest a methodology for determining drained reserves in wells without reservoir pressure measurements. This approach is useful if the well stock is put into operation concurrently or within a brief period of time. Numerical modelling and analysis of field development data have led the authors to conclude that the current flow rate of wells, the hydrodynamic parameters of the productive formation and the interference of nearby wells are the most significant factors controlling the amount of drained reserves. The use of this technique will improve the understanding of the current processes occurring in the reservoir, clarify the assessment of the energy of the deposit and the value of the initial gas reserves, and also create an additional source of information for timely and more accurate decision-making in field development. Adopting this methodology can improve the understanding of ongoing processes in the reservoir, enhance evaluations of reservoir energy and initial gas reserve sizes, and provide additional information resources for making decisions on field development in a more timely and precise manner.
在气田开发过程中,储层压力可用于通过物料平衡法估算天然气储量和计算枯竭储量。这可以说明开发系统的有效性。文章作者提出了一种在没有储层压力测量的情况下确定油井枯竭储量的方法。如果油井同时或在短时间内投入使用,这种方法非常有用。通过对油田开发数据进行数值建模和分析,作者得出结论:油井的当前流速、产油层的流体力学参数以及附近油井的干扰是控制枯竭储量的最重要因素。使用该技术可以提高对储层当前过程的认识,明确矿床能量评估和初始天然气储量价值,还可以为油气田开发的及时和更准确决策提供额外的信息来源。采用这种方法可以提高对储层当前过程的认识,加强对储层能量和初始天然气储量规模的评估,并为更及时、更准确地制定气田开发决策提供额外的信息资源。
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引用次数: 0
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Oil and Gas Studies
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