Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献_第5页

The Role of Foxes in Transmitting Zoonotic Bacteria to Humans: A Scoping Review 狐狸在将人畜共患病细菌传播给人类中的作用：范围综述。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13230

Emma C. Hobbs, Bridgette McNamara, Sarah Hayman, Kim Blasdell, Eugene Athan, Daniel P. O'Brien, Michael Muleme

Zoonotic diseases inflict substantial burdens on human and animal populations worldwide, and many of these infections are bacterial. An Australian study investigating environmental risk factors for Buruli ulcer in humans detected the causative agent, Mycobacterium ulcerans , in the faeces of wild foxes, a novel finding that suggests foxes may be implicated in the transmission of this zoonotic bacterium. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically search and examine the global data for reports implicating foxes in the transmission of zoonotic bacteria to humans. A pre-tested search strategy was implemented in five bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, CAB Abstracts, Cochrane Trials, Google Scholar). Eligible studies presented primary research data about zoonotic bacterial diseases that were confirmed or presumed to have been transmitted via foxes (excluding exclusively blood- or vector-borne bacteria), with no restrictions on geographical setting or publication year. The final dataset included ten primary research articles, with varying study designs, settings, populations and testing methods. The described bacterial zoonoses were anthrax, cutaneous diphtheria, leptospirosis, faecal coliforms including E. coli , tularaemia, yersiniosis, and Buruli ulcer (the study that was the impetus for this scoping review). Fox-human bacterial transmission was confirmed in one human case and considered likely to have occurred in certain high-risk groups in another. The likelihood of fox-human transmission having occurred in the remaining studies was possible (n = 5) or unlikely (n = 3). Identified and hypothesised drivers of fox-human transmission included accidental and occupational factors. Published reports of fox-human transmission of zoonotic bacteria are few, and generally indicative of relatively low risk. However, foxes can transmit zoonotic pathogens including bacteria to humans in a variety of settings, and human-fox encounters are likely to increase with ongoing anthropogenic activities. Further research and public education campaigns would help increase knowledge and awareness of fox-associated zoonoses.

人畜共患疾病给全世界的人类和动物种群造成了巨大的负担，其中许多感染是细菌感染。澳大利亚的一项研究调查了人类布鲁里溃疡的环境风险因素，在野生狐狸的粪便中发现了病原体溃疡分枝杆菌，这一新发现表明狐狸可能与这种人畜共患细菌的传播有关。这项范围审查的目的是系统地搜索和检查涉及狐狸向人类传播人畜共患病细菌的报告的全球数据。在五个书目数据库（PubMed, Embase, CAB Abstracts, Cochrane Trials，谷歌Scholar）中实施了预先测试的搜索策略。符合条件的研究提供了确认或推定通过狐狸传播的人畜共患细菌性疾病（完全不包括血液或媒介传播的细菌）的初步研究数据，不受地理环境或出版年份的限制。最终的数据集包括10篇主要研究文章，研究设计、设置、人群和测试方法各不相同。所描述的细菌性人畜共患病有炭疽、皮肤白喉、钩端螺旋体病、粪便大肠菌群（包括大肠杆菌）、土拉菌病、耶尔森菌病和布鲁里溃疡（该研究是本综述的推动力）。在一例人类病例中确认了狐-人细菌传播，在另一例病例中被认为可能发生在某些高危人群中。在其余研究中，有可能（n = 5）或不太可能（n = 3）发生狐-人传播的可能性。确定和假设的狐-人传播驱动因素包括意外和职业因素。已发表的关于人畜共患细菌在狐-人之间传播的报告很少，通常表明风险相对较低。然而，狐狸可以在各种环境中向人类传播包括细菌在内的人畜共患病病原体，并且随着人类活动的进行，人类与狐狸的接触可能会增加。进一步的研究和公众教育活动将有助于提高对与狐狸有关的人畜共患病的认识和认识。

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引用次数: 0

Neuroangiostrongyliasis Infection Risk Near Preschool Centres in Mallorca, Spain: A Pilot Micro-Epidemiological Study 西班牙马略卡岛学龄前中心附近的神经血管线虫病感染风险：一项试点微观流行病学研究。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13228

Sebastià Jaume-Ramis, Phoebe Rivory, Irene Serra Velázquez, Jan Šlapeta, Claudia Paredes-Esquivel

Introduction

Neuroangiostrongyliasis, caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis , is a globally emerging zoonosis, with Spain being the only endemic country in Europe. Human infection occurs through ingestion of gastropods or paratenic hosts carrying third-stage larvae, often leading to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Alternative routes such as the ingestion of gastropod mucus or contaminated water have been proposed as potential routes of infection. Young children, particularly those under 5 years old, are at higher risk of neurological complications. This study aimed to assess the risk of neuroangiostrongyliasis transmission in preschool children at an endemic site in Mallorca through a micro-epidemiological approach.

Methods

Gastropods from an area where an infected rat was detected were identified and screened for A. cantonensis , with parasitic loads quantified via qPCR. Positive samples were digested to confirm the presence of L3. The distribution of infected gastropods was mapped and analysed for spatial clustering. Teacher surveys were conducted to assess exposure risks within the school.

Results

Overall prevalence in gastropods was 7.38%, with only slugs testing positive, showing a higher prevalence (28.2%). Milax nigricans, Deroceras reticulatum and D. panormitanum were confirmed as intermediate hosts, with D. panormitanum representing a new global host record. L3 larvae were observed in the three slug species. Larval loads ranged from 1 to 20,000 L3s. Infected slugs exhibited a clustered distribution near the positive rat location. Despite the limited epidemiological surveillance, teacher surveys revealed that children place gastropods in their mouths during outdoor activities.

Conclusions

Multiple risk factors for neuroangiostrongyliasis were identified in an endemic area of Mallorca. Enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostics, treatment protocols and public health interventions are needed to prevent paediatric infections in Spain.

由广东管圆线虫引起的神经血管圆线虫病是一种全球性的人畜共患病，西班牙是欧洲唯一的流行国家。人类感染是通过摄入腹足动物或携带第三期幼虫的副宿主而发生的，通常导致嗜酸性脑膜脑炎。其他途径，如摄取腹足动物粘液或被污染的水被认为是潜在的感染途径。幼儿，特别是5岁以下的儿童，患神经系统并发症的风险较高。本研究旨在通过微观流行病学方法评估马略卡岛一个流行地区学龄前儿童神经血管圆线虫病传播的风险。方法：对某疫区大鼠腹足类进行鉴定和筛选，采用qPCR方法对广东按蚊寄生负荷进行定量分析。阳性样品被消化以确认L3的存在。对感染腹足动物的分布进行了空间聚类分析。对教师进行了调查，以评估学校内的暴露风险。结果：腹足类动物的总患病率为7.38%，阳性率较高的只有蛞蝓（28.2%）。证实了Milax nigricans、Deroceras reticulatum和D. panormitanum为中间寄主，其中D. panormitanum为全球新寄主记录。在3种蛞蝓中均观察到L3幼虫。幼虫负荷从1到20,000 L3s不等。感染鼻涕虫在阳性大鼠附近呈聚集性分布。尽管流行病学监测有限，但教师调查显示，儿童在户外活动时将腹足类动物放在嘴里。结论：在马略卡岛的一个流行地区发现了神经血管线虫病的多种危险因素。西班牙需要加强监测、改进诊断、治疗方案和公共卫生干预措施，以预防儿科感染。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Survey of Tick Infestations and Pathogen Detection in Taiwanese Wildlife: Uncovering Public Health Risks 台湾野生动物蜱虫侵害及病原体检测综合调查：揭示公共卫生风险。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13227

Jhih-Rong Liao, Tsung-Yu Ho, Kuei-Min Liao, Wu-Chun Tu, Ying-Hsi Lin

Introduction

Ticks are important vectors of zoonotic diseases, yet their biodiversity and pathogen associations remain understudied in many regions. This study aims to provide a comprehensive survey of tick species and associated pathogens in Taiwanese wildlife to assess their ecological roles and public health implications.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide survey across Taiwan and its affiliated islands, collecting ticks from wildlife hosts and their environments. Morphological and molecular techniques were used to identify tick species and detect tick-borne pathogens, focusing on Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed to confirm pathogen identities and explore genetic relationships.

Results

We identified 12 tick species and 6 pathogens, including a potential novel Rickettsia species. Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis and Haemaphysalis longicornis were the most abundant, with H. longicornis recorded in Taiwan for the first time. Molecular analysis revealed widespread Rickettsia spp. infections, with detection rates reaching 100% in New Taipei City, Changhua and Yilan, and 83.33% in Lienchiang. No pathogens were detected in counties such as Yunlin, Chiayi and Tainan. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of Rickettsia tamurae , Rickettsia massiliae and Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis, as well as a potential novel species closely related to R. conorii subsp. raoultii.

Conclusions

This study highlights the diversity of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Taiwanese wildlife, underscoring the importance of ongoing surveillance. The first record of H. longicornis and the identification of a novel Rickettsia species demonstrate the urgent need for research on their ecological and zoonotic impact.

蜱是人畜共患疾病的重要媒介，但其生物多样性和病原体相关性在许多地区仍未得到充分研究。摘要本研究旨在对台湾野生动物的蜱类及其相关病原体进行调查，以评估其生态作用和公共卫生意义。方法：在台湾及其附属岛屿进行全国性调查，收集野生宿主及其环境中的蜱虫。采用形态学和分子技术鉴定蜱类和蜱传病原体，重点检测立克次体、埃利希体和无原体，并进行贝叶斯系统发育分析以确定病原体身份和探索遗传关系。结果：共鉴定出蜱类12种，病原菌6种，包括一种立克次体新种。其中马希曼血蜱和长角血蜱数量最多，其中长角血蜱为台湾首次记录。立克次体感染分布广泛，新北市、彰化、宜兰检出率为100%，连江市检出率为83.33%。云林、嘉义、台南等县未检出致病菌。系统发育分析证实存在田鼠立克次体、马氏立克次体和京新候选立克次体，以及与conorii亚种密切相关的潜在新种。raoultii。结论：本研究强调台湾野生动物中蜱和蜱传病原体的多样性，强调持续监测的重要性。长角锥虫的首次记录和立克次体新种的鉴定表明迫切需要对其生态和人畜共患影响进行研究。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a Dynamic Stochastic Compartmental Model of Zoonotic Toxocariasis Transmission 人畜共患弓形虫病传播动态随机区室模型的建立。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13226

Alistair Antonopoulos, Alessio Giannelli, Eric R. Morgan, Johannes Charlier

Introduction

Toxocariasis is a neglected zoonosis caused by ascarid nematodes of canids and felids. It is a global problem, affecting individuals in high, low, and middle-income countries. The burden of disease has previously been estimated at > 90,000 DALYs lost per year due to toxocariasis, and $2.5 billion annually in economic impact. Transmission of toxocariasis depends on interactions and contact between humans and the definitive animal hosts, mediated by environmental contamination with long-lived parasite eggs. This can complicate control measures, requiring the adoption of a One Health approach. Within this context, dynamic models of transmission can have an important role to play in improving our understanding of disease transmission and can serve as effective tools to aid in the development of control strategies.

Methods

In this study, we develop a modified dynamic compartmental model for the zoonotic transmission of toxocariasis from dogs and cats. We further incorporate stochasticity into the model to account for existing uncertainties related to the proportion of seroprevalent individuals who exhibit symptoms of the infection.

Results

We initially use the model to estimate region-specific transmission rates from dogs and cats to humans by iterative model fitting to existing estimates of seroprevalence across a selection of countries. We then examined the performance of the model in estimating the number of human exposures and symptomatic cases of toxocariasis and found a good level of concordance between the model predictions and estimates from previous work. Finally, we use the model to estimate the potential disease burden and economic impact across a range of countries, with the potential for more realistic estimates in countries that may have underestimates for seroprevalence.

Conclusions

We described the first zoonotic transmission model of toxocariasis, which can serve as a foundational tool for testing public veterinary health interventions to reduce the burden of toxocariasis. This model represents an important first step to improving One Health control for this disease.

弓形虫病是一种被忽视的人畜共患病，由犬科动物和猫科动物的蛔虫线虫引起。这是一个全球性问题，影响着高、低收入和中等收入国家的个人。此前估计，由于弓形虫病，疾病负担每年损失90万残疾调整生命年，经济影响每年达25亿美元。弓形虫病的传播取决于人类与最终动物宿主之间的相互作用和接触，这是由长期寄生虫卵的环境污染介导的。这可能使控制措施复杂化，需要采用“同一个健康”方法。在这种情况下，动态传播模型可以在提高我们对疾病传播的理解方面发挥重要作用，并可以作为帮助制定控制战略的有效工具。方法：在这项研究中，我们建立了一个改进的动态区室模型，用于犬和猫弓形虫病的人畜共患传播。我们进一步将随机性纳入模型，以解释与表现出感染症状的血清阳性率个体比例相关的现有不确定性。结果：我们最初使用该模型通过迭代模型拟合选定国家中现有的血清患病率估计，来估计犬和猫对人类的特定区域传播率。然后，我们检查了模型在估计人类暴露数量和弓形虫病症状病例方面的性能，并发现模型预测与以前工作的估计之间具有良好的一致性。最后，我们使用该模型来估计一系列国家的潜在疾病负担和经济影响，在可能低估血清患病率的国家中有可能获得更现实的估计。结论：我们建立了首个弓形虫病人畜共患传播模型，该模型可作为检验公共兽医卫生干预措施以减轻弓形虫病负担的基础工具。这一模式是改善“同一健康”对这种疾病控制的重要的第一步。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing Rabies Antibody Titres in Imported Dogs to a Population of Dogs in Ontario, Canada 比较进口犬与加拿大安大略省犬群狂犬病抗体滴度。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13225

Catherine R. Belanger, Maureen E. C. Anderson, J. Scott Weese, Kelsey L. Spence, Katie M. Clow

Introduction

Vaccinating dogs against rabies virus is essential for protecting animal and public health. Most dogs imported into Canada must have a valid rabies vaccination certificate but do not require serological testing to confirm response to vaccination. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of dogs with rabies antibody titres below 0.5 IU/mL in a sample of imported dogs with rabies certificates, compared to rabies antibody titres in nonimported dogs in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

Serum was collected from a convenience sample of dogs imported via rescues to Ontario, within a month of arrival and before revaccination with rabies in Canada. Rabies antibody titres were measured using the rapid fluorescent foci inhibition test (RFFIT) at Kansas State University's Rabies Laboratory. Univariable logistic analysis examined demographic, vaccine and country of origin factors associated with achieving a titre of at least 0.5 IU/mL. Rabies antibody titres from nonimported dogs were obtained from the University of Guelph's Animal Health Laboratory records. Dogs tested between 2013 and 2023, using either the RFFIT or fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation (FAVN) test, were included.

Results

From October 2021 to November 2022, serum was collected from 67 dogs arriving mainly from Egypt (n = 46). In total, 48% (32/67) of these dogs had titres below 0.5 IU/mL, and this included 19 dogs that had no measurable titre. No examined factors were significantly associated with the outcome. Of the 65 nonimported dogs, 14% (9/65) had titres below 0.5 IU/mL.

Conclusions

Rabies titres of many imported dogs were below the international standard for transboundary movement. A high proportion of dogs with unmeasurable antibodies suggests some had not been effectively vaccinated. Veterinarians should be aware of this gap and consider revaccinating imported dogs to protect both animal and public health, and to meet legal requirements of their jurisdiction. Rescues and owners should be informed that documentation does not always guarantee imported dogs have adequately responded to vaccination and to seek veterinary advice.

导言：犬只接种狂犬病毒疫苗对保护动物和公众健康至关重要。大多数进口到加拿大的狗必须有有效的狂犬病疫苗接种证书，但不需要血清学测试来确认对疫苗接种的反应。本研究的目的是确定具有狂犬病证书的进口犬样本中狂犬病抗体滴度低于0.5 IU/mL的犬的比例，并与加拿大安大略省非进口犬的狂犬病抗体滴度进行比较。方法：对经救援输入安大略省的犬只，在抵达加拿大后1个月内和再次接种狂犬病疫苗前抽取方便样本进行血清采集。在堪萨斯州立大学狂犬病实验室使用快速荧光焦点抑制试验（RFFIT）检测狂犬病抗体滴度。单变量logistic分析检查了与达到至少0.5 IU/mL滴度相关的人口统计学、疫苗和原产国因素。非进口犬的狂犬病抗体滴度从圭尔夫大学动物卫生实验室记录中获得。在2013年至2023年期间，使用RFFIT或荧光抗体病毒中和（FAVN）测试对狗进行了测试。结果：2021年10月至2022年11月，采集了主要来自埃及的67只犬（n = 46）的血清。总共有48%（32/67）的狗滴度低于0.5 IU/mL，其中包括19只没有可测量滴度的狗。没有被检查的因素与结果显著相关。在65只非进口犬中，14%（9/65）的滴度低于0.5 IU/mL。结论：许多输入犬的狂犬病滴度低于国际越境转移标准。抗体无法测量的狗的比例很高，这表明有些狗没有有效接种疫苗。兽医应意识到这一差距，并考虑为进口狗重新接种疫苗，以保护动物和公众健康，并符合其管辖范围的法律要求。救援人员和饲主应了解，文件并不总能保证进口狗对疫苗接种有充分反应，并寻求兽医建议。

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引用次数: 0

Novel Class 1 Integron Structures in High-Risk Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 and ST654 From Companion Animals 来自伴侣动物的产金属β-内酰胺酶高风险铜绿假单胞菌ST235和ST654的新型1类整合子结构

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-05-04 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13224

Chavin Leelapsawas, Rungtip Chuanchuen, Parinya Sroithongkham, Vincent Perreten, Pattrarat Chanchaithong

Introduction

Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CP-Pa) has emerged as a significant clinical and public health concern due to its ability to limit treatment options with last-resort antimicrobials. This study aims to characterise novel class 1 integron (Int1) structures containing bla_VIM-2 and bla_IMP-1 in high-risk CP-Pa sequence type (ST) 235 and ST654 strains from dogs and cats and illustrate the genetic relatedness between CP-Pa strains from animal and human origins.

Methods and Results

Of the four CP-Pa strains, whole-genome sequencing and analysis revealed that three strains belonged to ST235/O11/exoU+/exoS-, with two strains harbouring bla_VIM-2, and one strain harbouring bla_IMP-1. The remaining strain was characterised as ST654/O4/exoU-/exoS+ and harboured bla_VIM-2. Core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogeny illustrated genetic relationships between animal and human high-risk CP-Pa ST235/O11 and ST654/O4 strains within the same STs. Three novel Int1 gene cassette arrays were identified in the canine and feline CP-Pa strains in this study. The novel ~6.2-kb bla_VIM-2-containing Int1[Pae-CUVET21-397] and Int1[Pae-CUVET23-830] (intI1-aadB-bla_VIM-2-aadB-cmlA6-qacE∆1-folP) formed a complex Int1 located in an integrative and conjugative element of two feline CP-Pa ST235 strains. The canine CP-Pa ST235 strain CUVET20-956 contained a novel ~5.8-kb bla_IMP-1-containing Int1[Pae-CUVET20-956] (intI1-bla_IMP-1-aacA4-aacA4-IS1595-qacE∆1-sul1). The CP-Pa ST654 strain CUVET18-860 contained In1206 encoding bla_VIM-2 and a novel ~5.9-kb Int1[Pae-CUVET18-860] (∆intI1-bla_VEB-1-aadB-qnrVC1-aacA4-bla_OXA-10-aadA1-dfrA14) encoding multidrug resistance (MDR). Additionally, In51-containing Tn6162 inserted in genomic island 1 was identified in all CP-Pa ST235 strains.

Conclusions

The novel Int1s encoding metallo-β-lactamases and MDR in canine and feline CP-Pa play a crucial role in the development of resistance to multiple antimicrobials and last-resort carbapenems in P. aeruginosa ST235 and ST654 strains of veterinary and public health importance, posing possible zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission of the high-

产生碳青霉烯酶的铜绿假单胞菌（CP-Pa）已经成为一个重要的临床和公共卫生问题，因为它能够限制最后的抗微生物药物治疗选择。本研究旨在分析狗和猫的高风险CP-Pa序列型（ST） 235和ST654株中含有blaVIM-2和blaIMP-1的新型1类整合子（Int1）结构，并阐明动物和人类来源的CP-Pa株之间的遗传相关性。方法与结果：对4株CP-Pa进行全基因组测序和分析，发现3株属于ST235/O11/exoU+/exoS-， 2株为blaVIM-2, 1株为blaIMP-1。剩余菌株的特征为ST654/O4/exoU-/exoS+，携带blaVIM-2。基于核心基因组单核苷酸多态性的系统发育揭示了同一STs内动物和人类高风险CP-Pa ST235/O11和ST654/O4菌株之间的遗传关系。本研究在犬和猫CP-Pa株中鉴定出三个新的Int1基因盒阵列。新发现的含有Int1[Pae-CUVET21-397]和Int1[Pae-CUVET23-830] （intI1-aadB-blaVIM-2-aadB-cmlA6-qacE∆1-folP）的约6.2 kb blavim -2复合物Int1位于两种猫CP-Pa ST235菌株的整合共轭元件中。犬CP-Pa ST235菌株CUVET20-956含有一种新的~5.8 kb的含有blaimp -1的Int1[Pae-CUVET20-956] （intI1-blaIMP-1-aacA4-aacA4-IS1595-qacE∆1-sul1）。CP-Pa ST654菌株CUVET18-860含有编码blaVIM-2的In1206和编码多药耐药（MDR）的新inti1 [Pae-CUVET18-860]（∆intI1-blaVEB-1-aadB-qnrVC1-aacA4-blaOXA-10-aadA1-dfrA14）。此外，在所有CP-Pa ST235菌株中均鉴定到插入基因组岛1的含in51的Tn6162。结论：新型Int1s编码金属β-内酰胺酶和犬猫CP-Pa的耐多药在铜绿假单胞菌ST235和ST654菌株对多种抗菌素和最后的碳青霉烯类药物产生耐药性的过程中发挥了关键作用，对兽医和公共卫生具有重要意义，可能导致高风险CP-Pa克隆在伴侣动物和人类之间的人畜共患和人传。

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引用次数: 0

Higher Hepatitis E Seroprevalence in Workers in the Pig Sector in Flanders, Belgium: Results From a Seroprevalence Case-Control Study 比利时法兰德斯养猪业工人戊型肝炎血清阳性率较高：一项血清阳性率病例对照研究的结果。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13223

Heidi Janssens, Lies Delameillieure, Stijn Jonckheere, Freya Van Houtte, Philip Meuleman, Tom Geens

Introduction

Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in industrialised countries is a zoonosis. Pigs are recognised as the principal reservoir. Consequently, workers in the pig sector may be a high-risk occupational group for HEV infection. The current study aims to investigate whether workers exposed to pigs or pork have a higher seroprevalence of HEV IgG in comparison to a control group.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 92 individuals occupationally exposed to pigs or pork and 217 control subjects outside the pig sector. Socio-demographic variables, information about occupation, and a number of relevant confounding variables (such as eating habits, and history of blood transfusions) were gathered by a questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Our study revealed a significantly higher seroprevalence of HEV antibodies in pig workers (32.6%) compared to the control group (9.2%) (p < 0.001). The relation between occupational exposure and HEV seropositivity remained significant in the multiple logistic regression analysis, in which the odds were adjusted for age, gender, and eating habits.

Conclusions

The results from this first HEV IgG serology study in the pig sector in Belgium demonstrate that workers in this sector have a higher risk for HEV infection compared to a population not occupationally exposed to pigs and pork. These findings underscore the need for targeted occupational health interventions, including improved hygiene practices and informing employees with risk profiles, to mitigate the risk of HEV infection among pig workers.

在工业化国家，本地戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）感染是一种人畜共患病。猪被认为是主要的储存库。因此，养猪业的工人可能是戊型肝炎病毒感染的高危职业群体。目前的研究旨在调查与对照组相比，接触猪或猪肉的工人是否具有更高的HEV IgG血清阳性率。方法：采用横断面研究方法，对92名职业接触猪或猪肉者和217名非养猪业对照者进行调查。通过问卷调查收集社会人口变量、职业信息和一些相关的混杂变量（如饮食习惯和输血史）。使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清样本的抗hev IgG抗体。结果：我们的研究显示，与对照组（9.2%）相比，养猪工人的HEV抗体血清阳性率（32.6%）显着高于对照组(p)。结论：比利时养猪部门首次进行的HEV IgG血清学研究结果表明，与非职业接触猪和猪肉的人群相比，该部门的工人感染HEV的风险更高。这些发现强调需要有针对性的职业卫生干预措施，包括改善卫生习惯和告知具有风险概况的员工，以减轻养猪工人感染HEV的风险。

{"title":"Higher Hepatitis E Seroprevalence in Workers in the Pig Sector in Flanders, Belgium: Results From a Seroprevalence Case-Control Study","authors":"Heidi Janssens, Lies Delameillieure, Stijn Jonckheere, Freya Van Houtte, Philip Meuleman, Tom Geens","doi":"10.1111/zph.13223","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13223","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in industrialised countries is a zoonosis. Pigs are recognised as the principal reservoir. Consequently, workers in the pig sector may be a high-risk occupational group for HEV infection. The current study aims to investigate whether workers exposed to pigs or pork have a higher seroprevalence of HEV IgG in comparison to a control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 92 individuals occupationally exposed to pigs or pork and 217 control subjects outside the pig sector. Socio-demographic variables, information about occupation, and a number of relevant confounding variables (such as eating habits, and history of blood transfusions) were gathered by a questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study revealed a significantly higher seroprevalence of HEV antibodies in pig workers (32.6%) compared to the control group (9.2%) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The relation between occupational exposure and HEV seropositivity remained significant in the multiple logistic regression analysis, in which the odds were adjusted for age, gender, and eating habits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results from this first HEV IgG serology study in the pig sector in Belgium demonstrate that workers in this sector have a higher risk for HEV infection compared to a population not occupationally exposed to pigs and pork. These findings underscore the need for targeted occupational health interventions, including improved hygiene practices and informing employees with risk profiles, to mitigate the risk of HEV infection among pig workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 5","pages":"442-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular and Serological Survey of SARS-CoV-2 in Murid Rodents From Central Chile 智利中部鼠型啮齿动物SARS-CoV-2分子和血清学调查

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13222

Catalina Grisolia, Gabriela Muñoz, Rodrigo Salgado, Cristian Herrera, Victor Neira, André V. Rubio

The potential role of rodents as reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 has gained global attention due to their proximity to humans and their involvement in zoonotic disease transmission. Rodents were sampled from urban, rural and natural areas across the Metropolitan Region of Chile between June 2023 and June 2024. Molecular testing (RT-qPCR) revealed no active infections among the 421 analysed individuals, while serological assays (ELISA) detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 4 of 459 rodents (0.87%). All seropositive rodents were Rattus rattus captured in rural areas. These findings suggest localised exposure to SARS-CoV-2, possibly influenced by environmental or anthropogenic factors. The results align with global studies reporting sporadic rodent exposure to SARS-CoV-2, emphasising the importance of integrating molecular and serological approaches in zoonotic surveillance. Despite the low prevalence observed, the potential role of rodents in viral spillover and recombination events with other coronaviruses underscores the need for continued monitoring. These results contribute to understanding zoonotic dynamics and inform public health strategies in a One Health framework.

啮齿类动物作为SARS-CoV-2宿主的潜在作用已引起全球关注，因为它们与人类接近并参与人畜共患疾病的传播。在2023年6月至2024年6月期间，从智利大都市区的城市、农村和自然地区取样啮齿类动物。分子检测（RT-qPCR）显示，在421只分析的个体中没有活动性感染，而血清学检测（ELISA）在459只啮齿动物中检测到4只（0.87%）SARS-CoV-2抗体。血清阳性鼠均为农村捕获的鼠。这些发现表明，局部暴露于SARS-CoV-2可能受到环境或人为因素的影响。这些结果与报告零星啮齿动物暴露于SARS-CoV-2的全球研究相一致，强调了在人畜共患病监测中整合分子和血清学方法的重要性。尽管观察到的流行率很低，但啮齿动物在病毒溢出和与其他冠状病毒重组事件中的潜在作用强调了继续监测的必要性。这些结果有助于理解人畜共患病动力学，并为“同一个健康”框架下的公共卫生战略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Nematode Infections in Commercially Important Squid Species: Distribution Patterns and Food Safety Issues 商业上重要鱿鱼物种的线虫感染：分布模式和食品安全问题。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13221

Monica Caffara, Perla Tedesco, Teresa Pirollo, Ahmed Abdelfadel, Riccardo Forzano, Maria Letizia Fioravanti, Andrea Gustinelli

Introduction

Cephalopods represent a valuable fishery resource worldwide and play a crucial role in the marine food chain both as predators and prey but also as paratenic hosts for the transmission of Ascaridoids, including zoonotic nematodes of the Anisakidae family. This study aimed to assess the presence, tissue distribution and species composition of zoonotic parasites in four squid species marketed in Italy, coming from four different FAO areas.

Methods

A total of 238 squid specimens, Illex sp., I. coindetii, I. illecebrosus and Todaropsis eblanae, were caught across four FAO areas and examined using both visual inspection and the UV-press method. The collected larvae were identified by morphological and molecular methods.

Results

Third stage larvae of nematodes were detected in 22.3% of the squids (18.8% Illexsp., 18.3% I. coindetii, 48.8% I. illecebrosus and 23% Todaropsis eblanae), with Anisakis simplex (s.s), A. pegreffii, Hysterothylacium spp. and Lappetascaris spp. being identified through morphological and molecular analyses. The UV-press method has proved to be significantly more effective than visual inspection. Additionally, the lack of molecular data on Raphidascarididae species, particularly Lappetascarisspp., complicates taxonomic classification, emphasising the need for an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological and genetic methods.

Conclusion

Given the increasing consumption of raw and undercooked cephalopods, these findings highlight the importance of monitoring zoonotic parasites and improving molecular techniques to enhance food safety regulations and minimise health risks to consumers.

头足类动物在世界范围内是一种宝贵的渔业资源，在海洋食物链中扮演着至关重要的角色，既是捕食者和猎物，也是传播蛔虫（包括兽共患病线虫）的副宿主。本研究旨在评估意大利市场上来自粮农组织四个不同区域的四种鱿鱼中人畜共患寄生虫的存在、组织分布和物种组成。方法：在粮农组织4个区域共捕获鱿鱼标本238只，分别为Illex sp.、I. coindetii、I. illecebrosus和Todaropsis eblanae，并采用目视检查和紫外压制法进行检查。采集的幼虫采用形态和分子鉴定方法进行鉴定。结果：鳗鲡检出线虫第三期幼虫22.3%，鳗鲡检出线虫第三期幼虫18.8%；通过形态学和分子分析鉴定出单纯性异尖线虫（Anisakis simplexs）、pegreffii、Hysterothylacium和Lappetascaris。事实证明，紫外压印法比目测法明显更有效。此外，rapidascarisspp的分子数据缺乏，特别是Lappetascarisspp。，复杂的分类分类，强调需要一个综合的分类方法结合形态学和遗传学的方法。结论：鉴于对生的和未煮熟的头足类动物的消费不断增加，这些发现突出了监测人畜共患寄生虫和改进分子技术以加强食品安全法规和尽量减少消费者健康风险的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic Study of cox1 Gene in Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato Genotypes in Southwestern Iran 伊朗西南部细粒棘球绦虫基因型cox1基因的系统发育研究。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13220

Ali Jamshidi, Mohammad Amin Ghatee, Ali Haniloo, Asghar Fazaeli, Mohamad Sabaghan

Introduction

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious global health concern. CE is an endemic zoonotic disease in Iran. The substantial genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus is closely linked to its life cycle, transmission mechanisms and pathogenesis. This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic structure of the genotypes of E. granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) in southwestern Iran (SWI).

Methods

Seventy-two hydatid cyst samples were collected from various intermediate hosts, including goats, cattle, sheep, camels, buffalo and humans, primarily from the lungs, liver, spleen and heart of livestock slaughtered in local and industrial abattoirs, as well as from patients in several hospitals (Namazi, Golestan, Arvand and Shahid Beheshti) in southwestern Iran (Bushehr, Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad and Khuzestan provinces).

Results

Sequence analysis revealed three genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. in the SWI: G₁ (n = 69, 95.8%), G₃(n = 1, 1.4%) and genotype like G₆/G₇ (n = 2, 2.8%). Twenty-one different haplotypes were identified in this study. According to the phylogenetic tree topology, the cox1 gene sequence similarities can be shown for some G₁ and G₆/G₇ isolates in some vast areas, but these genotypes generally show a heterogeneous population worldwide. High similarity was shown between G₃ isolates from some countries (Spain, Turkey, India and Iran) and different hosts (sheep, human and buffalo).

Conclusions

The presence of the G₆/G₇ genotype in the SWI may be due to the transmission of this genotype from other regions or the role of camel/wild boar and other possible intermediate hosts in the expansion of this genotype in the SWI. The results of the present study can be used in CE control programs, molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies in Iran and other countries for future goals.

囊性棘球蚴病（CE）是一个严重的全球性健康问题。CE是伊朗的一种地方性人畜共患疾病。细粒棘球绦虫丰富的遗传多样性与其生命周期、传播机制和发病机制密切相关。本研究旨在探讨伊朗西南部地区浅感细粒棘球绦虫（e granulosus sensu lato, s.l.）基因型的系统发育结构。方法：从各种中间宿主（包括山羊、牛、绵羊、骆驼、水牛和人类）收集了72份包虫样本，主要来自伊朗西南部（布什尔、法尔斯、科吉卢耶、博耶拉艾哈迈德和胡齐斯坦省）当地和工业屠宰场屠宰的牲畜的肺、肝、脾和心脏，以及几家医院（纳马齐、戈列斯坦、阿尔万和沙希德·贝赫什蒂）的患者。结果：序列分析显示SWI中存在3种基因型：G1 （n = 69, 95.8%）、G3（n = 1, 1.4%）和G6/G7 （n = 2, 2.8%）。本研究共鉴定出21种不同的单倍型。根据系统发育树拓扑结构，部分G1和G6/G7分离株的cox1基因序列具有相似性，但这些基因型在世界范围内普遍表现为异质群体。来自某些国家（西班牙、土耳其、印度和伊朗）和不同宿主（绵羊、人类和水牛）的G3分离株具有高度相似性。结论：G6/G7基因型在西南地区的存在可能是由于该基因型从其他地区传播，或者骆驼/野猪和其他可能的中间宿主在该基因型在西南地区的扩展中发挥了作用。本研究结果可用于伊朗及其他国家的CE控制程序、分子流行病学和系统发育研究。

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引用次数: 0

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