Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Livestock-associated spatial risk factors for human salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis","authors":"Annemieke Christine Mulder,&nbsp;Lapo Mughini-Gras,&nbsp;Jan van de Kassteele,&nbsp;Sara Lynn Blanken,&nbsp;Roan Pijnacker,&nbsp;Eelco Franz","doi":"10.1111/zph.13170","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most human infections with non-typhoid <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS) or <i>Campylobacter</i> are zoonotic in nature and acquired though consumption of contaminated food of mainly animal origin. However, individuals may also acquire salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis through non-foodborne transmission pathways, such as those mediated by the environment. This emphasizes the need to consider both direct and indirect exposure to livestock sources as a possible transmission route for NTS and <i>Campylobacter</i>. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing whether salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis incidence is spatially associated with exposure to livestock (i.e. small ruminants, dairy cows, veal calves, laying hens, broiler chickens and pigs) in the Netherlands for the years 2007–2019 and 2014–2019 respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Risk factors (population-weighted number of animals) and their population attributable fractions were determined using a Poisson regression model with a log-link function fitted using integrated nested Laplace approximation. The analyses were performed for different hexagonal sizes (90, 50, 25 and 10 km²) and accounted for geographical coverage of the diagnostic laboratory catchment areas. Moreover, serological data were used to look into the possible effects of acquired immunity due to repeated exposure to the pathogen through the environment that would potentially hinder the analyses based on the incidence of reported cases. A linear mixed-effects model was then fitted where the postal code areas were included as a random effect. Livestock was not consistently significantly associated with acquiring salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis in the Netherlands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed that living in livestock-rich areas in the Netherlands is not a consistently significant, spatially restricted risk factor for acquiring salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis, thereby supporting current knowledge that human infections with <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> are mainly foodborne.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 8","pages":"876-899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Illinois companion animal veterinarians' antimicrobial prescription practices and the factors that influence their decisions when treating bacterial infections in dogs and cats","authors":"Setyo Yudhanto,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Reinhart,&nbsp;Clarissa Pimentel de Souza,&nbsp;Alexandria Gochenauer,&nbsp;William E. Sander,&nbsp;Chien-Che Hung,&nbsp;Carol W. Maddox,&nbsp;Csaba Varga","doi":"10.1111/zph.13172","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Judicious antimicrobial use in companion animal practice is critical for maintaining the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against bacterial infections and reducing the selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to provide insights into companion animal veterinarians' antimicrobial treatment recommendations for common bacterial infections in dogs and cats and describe the factors influencing their prescription choices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An online survey using QualtricsXM® software was administered between September and November 2022 to companion animal veterinarians who were Illinois State Veterinary Medical Association members. Descriptive and text analyses were conducted to assess the participants' responses. A total of 78 surveys were included in the analysis. Skin infections were ranked as the most common bacterial infections for which veterinarians prescribed antimicrobial agents, followed by ear, urinary tract, respiratory, and enteric infections. The severity of clinical symptoms and the results of bacterial culture and susceptibility tests were the most influential factors for veterinarians when making antimicrobial prescription choices. Veterinarians were aware of the current antimicrobial prescription guideline recommendations when prescribing antimicrobials empirically to nine hypothetical scenarios of bacterial infections. According to the results of the text analysis that assessed veterinarians' responses to an open-ended question, regarding their challenges when prescribing antimicrobial agents, the pairwise correlation of word frequencies within each response showed the highest correlations between the words ‘owner’ and ‘compliance’, ‘administration’ and ‘route’, ‘cost’ and ‘culture’, and ‘patients’ and ‘acceptance’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study results can support animal health stakeholders in the development of antimicrobial stewardship programmes to promote appropriate antimicrobial use and limit the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 8","pages":"911-924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rising incidence of feline and cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in Latin America","authors":"Mariana Tibúrcio Santos,&nbsp;Luiz Fernando de Jesus Nascimento,&nbsp;Ana Andrea Teixeira Barbosa,&nbsp;Maira Pompeu Martins,&nbsp;Gabriel Isaias Lee Tunon,&nbsp;Patrícia Oliveira Meira Santos,&nbsp;Filipe Dantas-Torres,&nbsp;Silvio Santana Dolabella","doi":"10.1111/zph.13169","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by different species of thermodimorphic fungi belonging to the genus <i>Sporothrix</i>. These fungi may affect a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including humans, dogs and, mainly, cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this article, we conducted a narrative literature review about the status of feline and cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in Latin American countries, with emphasis on Brazil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From a global perspective, Latin America is one of the main foci of human and feline sporotrichosis. In humans, the disease has been reported in several countries, with endemic transmission occurring in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay. <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i> is the most common species identified in human cases in Brazil, whereas <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> predominates in other countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Domestic cats are the main source of infection in the zoonotic transmission cycle of sporotrichosis in Latin America. Cases of feline sporotrichosis have been reported in several countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay and Peru.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 6","pages":"609-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Campylobacter assessment along the Spanish food chain: Identification of key points","authors":"Carlos Sacristán,&nbsp;Antonio Rodríguez,&nbsp;Irene Iglesias,&nbsp;Ana de la Torre","doi":"10.1111/zph.13165","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Campylobacteriosis, caused by <i>Campylobacter</i> spp., is one of the most important foodborne zoonotic diseases in the world and a common cause of gastroenteritis. In the European Union, campylobacteriosis is considered the most common zoonotic disease, with over 10,000 cases in 2020 alone. This high occurrence highlights the need of more efficient surveillance methods and identification of key points.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herein, we evaluated and identified key points of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. occurrence along the Spanish food chain during 2015–2020, based on the following variables: product, stage and region. We analysed a dataset provided by the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition using a machine learning algorithm (random forests). <i>Campylobacter</i> presence was influenced by the three selected explanatory variables, especially by product, followed by region and stage. Among the studied products, meat, especially poultry and sheep, presented the highest probability of occurrence of <i>Campylobacter</i>, where the bacterium was present in the initial, intermediate and final stages (e.g., wholesale, retail) of the food chain. The presence in final stages may represent direct consumer exposure to the bacteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclussions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By using the random forest method, this study contributes to the identification of <i>Campylobacter</i> key points and the evaluation of control efforts in the Spanish food chain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 6","pages":"755-762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks collected from animals and the environment in Uganda","authors":"Wilfred Eneku,&nbsp;Bernard Erima,&nbsp;Anatoli Maranda Byaruhanga,&nbsp;Nora Cleary,&nbsp;Gladys Atim,&nbsp;Titus Tugume,&nbsp;Qouilazoni Aquino Ukuli,&nbsp;Hannah Kibuuka,&nbsp;Edison Mworozi,&nbsp;Robert Tweyongyere,&nbsp;Christina E. Douglas,&nbsp;Jeffrey W. Koehler,&nbsp;Michael E. von Fricken,&nbsp;Fred Wabwire-Mangen,&nbsp;Denis K. Byarugaba","doi":"10.1111/zph.13168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Coxiella burnetii</i> is a highly infectious organism that is easily spread through aerosols causing Q fever in humans. Ticks can harbour and transmit <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> to animals, contributing to disease maintenance. Our aim was to examine the presence of <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> in ticks in Uganda.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, ticks were collected from five Ugandan districts and tested by real-time PCR for <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> (<i>Coxiella</i> outer membrane protein 1 gene). A total of 859 tick pools (9602 individual ticks) were tested, and pool positivity for <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> was 5.5% (<i>n</i> = 47). Pooled prevalence differed by district; the highest was Luwero (7.3%), then Gulu (6.6%), and Kasese had the lowest (1.3%). However, district variation was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact = 0.07). Ticks collected from dogs and cats had the highest positivity rates [23/47, (48.9%)] followed by livestock (cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs) [18/47, (38.3%)] and vegetation [6/47, (12.8%)]. <i>Haemaphysalis elliptica</i> had the highest infection rates, followed by <i>Rhipicephalus appendiculatus</i>, <i>Amblyomma variegatum</i> and <i>Rhipicephalus decoloratus</i> had similar prevalence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although ticks are not the primary transmitters of <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> to humans, pathogen detection in ticks can be an indirect indicator of risk among animal hosts. Vulnerable populations, including occupations with close animal contact such as farming, butchery, and veterinary practice, have an increased risk of <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> exposure. Veterinarians and clinicians should be aware that <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> may cause human and animal illness in these regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 8","pages":"869-875"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of human brucellosis in Turkey: A comprehensive meta-analysis","authors":"Pınar Kıran,&nbsp;Reyhan Uçku","doi":"10.1111/zph.13166","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brucellosis remains a common zoonotic disease, in developing countries, as well as in Turkey where it is endemic, underdiagnosed, and underreported. The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide a comprehensive estimate of seroprevalence with a large sample size, covering all regions of Turkey, including both grey literature and published studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE (via PubMed), TürkMedline (National Health Sciences-Periodicals Database), and YÖKSİS database (Higher Education Council Information System) until May 5th, 2023. The quality of the studies was evaluated independently using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical assessment tool for prevalence studies. A random-effects model (DerSimion and Laird) was utilized to estimate the overall pooled prevalence. A sensitivity analysis was performed, excluding studies with a high risk of bias. The subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Egger test and funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. The meta-analysis included 30 studies in total published between 1999 and 2021 with 51,560 individuals. In Turkey, the pooled seroprevalence of human brucellosis was estimated to be 4.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8%–5.3%). According to the subgroup analysis, a higher seroprevalence was found in rural areas (8.0%, 95% CI: 5.4%–10.7%), high-risk occupational groups (9.9%, 95% CI: 5.3%–14.6%), and the Central East Anatolia Region (13%, 95% CI: 3.2%–22.8%). The meta-regression analysis identified living in rural areas and certain geographic regions as significant risk factors associated with higher seroprevalence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis revealed a significant burden of human brucellosis in Turkey. The findings highlight the need for public health measures and targeted interventions to reduce the burden of this zoonotic disease, especially in rural areas, high-risk occupational groups, and the East Anatolia Region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"844-854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor worker knowledge of ticks and Lyme disease in Québec","authors":"Erica Fellin,&nbsp;Mathieu Varin,&nbsp;Virginie Millien","doi":"10.1111/zph.13167","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lyme disease is a well-known occupational risk across North America caused by exposure to <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> via blacklegged ticks (<i>Ixodes scapularis</i>). As the geographic range of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> advances with the increasing distribution of blacklegged ticks, more outdoor workers are at risk of contracting Lyme disease. In this study, we examined the demography and personal perceptions of outdoor workers within one framework to better determine the overall risk for those working outdoors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed outdoor worker knowledge of ticks and of behaviours that can prevent tick bites and Lyme disease. We then compared these risk perceptions of individuals across age, sex, education, and industry, as well as time spent outdoors. We tested the hypothesis that the risk perception of an individual and their knowledge of Lyme disease transmission was dependent on their demographics, experience in their job, and the region in which they spend time outdoors. We estimated a knowledge-based risk score based on individuals' answers to a questionnaire on risk perception given to voluntary participants who work outdoors. Those who had higher risk scores were more at risk. We found that knowledge-based risk scores were correlated with geographic risk levels and with the number of hours per day spent outdoors. Those who work longer hours and who work in areas with mid-level risk had higher risk scores. Those who spend more time outdoors recreationally had lower risk scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Further examination and acknowledgment of the reasoning behind why these factors are affecting workers' risks must be considered to recognize that it is not necessarily demographics or geographically high-risk areas that affect an individual's risk. Workers' knowledge of these risks is affected by several variables that should be taken into consideration when implementing safety measures and awareness programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"855-867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaching new lands: Updating the distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in South America with the first record in Argentina","authors":"Diego Hancke,&nbsp;Noelia Guzman,&nbsp;Mariel Tripodi,&nbsp;Emiliano Muschetto,&nbsp;Olga Virginia Suárez","doi":"10.1111/zph.13163","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i>, commonly known as the rat lungworm, is a metastrongyloid nematode found primarily not only in tropical and subtropical regions but also in temperate areas and considered the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Synanthropic rodents such as <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> and <i>Rattus rattus</i> are the most frequent definitive hosts of this parasite.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of this parasite was detected in the pulmonary arteries of three specimens of <i>R. norvegicus</i> in the city of Buenos Aires representing the species' southernmost known record in natural hosts. Species confirmation was achieved through partial sequences of 18S and COI genes. By comparing the COI gene sequences with those available in GenBank through the construction of a haplotype network, we obtained that the analysed specimen presents high similarity with those reported in Japan and Southeast Asia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All infected rats were captured in an area surrounding a port with significant import and export activity, suggesting that <i>A. cantonensis</i> may have been introduced through commercial ships. Specifically, the parasite was detected in a neighbourhood with vulnerable socio-economic conditions and in a nature reserve, which exhibit biotic and abiotic characteristics conducive to sustaining high-density rat populations, scattered waste, areas of spontaneous vegetation, debris accumulation and flooded areas or lagoons offering suitable habitats for intermediate hosts such as snails. Thus, the close proximity of the port to these sites creates a favourable ecological context for the establishment of <i>A. cantonensis</i>. This study shows the need to conduct research to detect <i>A. cantonensis</i> in non-endemic areas but with the characteristics that promote its arrival and development of its life cycle in order to implement control measures to prevent expansion of this parasite and its transmission to humans and other animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 6","pages":"748-754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of rabies virus from wild and domestic animals in the Sultanate of Oman","authors":"Haytham Ali,&nbsp;Ahmed Ali,&nbsp;Julanda Al Mawly,&nbsp;Hossam G. Tohamy,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. El-Neweshy","doi":"10.1111/zph.13164","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rabies virus (RV) is endemic in some Arabian countries. However, it is difficult to control RV without understanding the epidemiological evolution of endemic RV isolates. The current study aimed to characterize RV from domestic and wild animal clinical cases in Oman.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve brain samples from domestic (Five camels, three goats and one cattle) and wild animals (Two foxes and one honey badger) were investigated from different locations in Oman between 2017 and 2020. All samples were confirmed by RV nucleoprotein (N) gene-specific primers. Seven out of the 12 amplified samples were successfully sequenced and subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The detected RVs shared an in-between 96.8%–98.7% and 96.9%–99% nucleotide and amino acid identities, respectively. However, the wild animal RVs shared only 92.6%–93.9% and 95.9% nucleotide and amino acid identities with the domestic animal RVs, respectively. Negri bodies were detected histologically in six brain samples from camels (<i>n</i> = 3), goats (<i>n</i> = 1) and foxes (<i>n</i> = 2). The RVs from domestic animals shared 97%–98.7% and 98%–100% nucleotide and amino acid identities with the previously published fox RVs from Oman and Gulf countries. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all RV sequences belong to a distinct clade confined to the previously reported clade V within the Middle Eastern Cluster.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As indicated by the analysis of RVs from different locations between 2017 and 2020, a genetic variant isolated to the Gulf region may exist within the Middle East clade. Moreover, it appears that new RV lineages are emerging rapidly within this region. Therefore, a comprehensive genomic and phylogenetic analysis of the circulating RV is important for the development of future prevention and control strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"836-843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with school field trips at a farm animal exhibit—Tennessee, September–October 2023","authors":"Christine M. Thomas,&nbsp;Allison Foster,&nbsp;Sarah Boop,&nbsp;David Kirschke,&nbsp;Hopelyn Mooney,&nbsp;Isabella Reid,&nbsp;Andrew S. May,&nbsp;Heather Mullins,&nbsp;Katie N. Garman,&nbsp;Mugdha Golwalkar,&nbsp;Jack H. Marr,&nbsp;Kelly Orejuela,&nbsp;Danny Ripley,&nbsp;Robin Rasnic,&nbsp;Erica Terrell,&nbsp;Lisa M. Durso,&nbsp;William Schaffner,&nbsp;Timothy F. Jones,&nbsp;Mary-Margaret A. Fill,&nbsp;John R. Dunn","doi":"10.1111/zph.13161","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In October 2023, the Tennessee Department of Health identified an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) O157:H7 infections among elementary school students who attended school field trips to the same farm animal exhibit. Our aim was to determine STEC source and prevent additional illnesses by initiating epidemiologic, laboratory and environmental investigations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified cases using laboratory-based surveillance and by surveying caregivers of children who attended the exhibit. Probable cases were defined as illness with abdominal cramps or diarrhoea after attendance; confirmed cases were laboratory-confirmed STEC infection in an attendee or household contact. A site visit was conducted, and event organizers were interviewed. Human stool, animal faeces and environmental samples were tested for STEC O157:H7 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Approximately 2300 elementary school students attended the animal exhibit during 2 days. Field trip activities included contact with different farm animal species, drinking pasteurized milk outside animal enclosures and eating lunch in a separate building onsite. We received survey responses from 399 caregivers for 443 (19%) animal exhibit attendees. We identified 9 confirmed and 55 probable cases with illness onset dates during 26 September to 12 October. Seven children aged 1–7 years were hospitalized. Four children aged 1–6 years experienced haemolytic uraemic syndrome; none died. Laboratory testing identified STEC O157:H7 by culture from eight human stool samples with 0–1 allele difference by WGS. Three environmental samples had Shiga toxin (stx 2) genes detected by PCR, but no STEC isolates were recovered by culture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the largest reported STEC O157:H7 outbreak associated with an animal exhibit in Tennessee. We identified opportunities for educating school staff, event organizers and families about zoonotic disease risks associated with animal contact and published prevention measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"829-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}