Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献_第3页

Widely Distributed Pigeon Paramyxovirus Sub-Genotypes Pose a Risk to Immunocompromised Humans 广泛分布的鸽子副粘病毒亚基因型对免疫功能低下的人类构成风险。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70011

Celia Abolnik, Michaela Hayes

Introduction

Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) is an antigenic variant of Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) (Newcastle disease virus) with a global distribution that causes lethal infections in pigeon and dove species. AOAV-1's infecting humans normally cause mild, self-limiting conjunctivitis, but since 2003, PPMV-1 has been associated with an increased number of severe and lethal respiratory and neurological infections in immunocompromised persons in the Netherlands, the USA, France, China and Australia.

Methods

PPMV-1's isolated from free-living pigeons and doves across South Africa from 2012 to 2024 were sequenced using conventional or next generation technologies. Maximum likelihood and time-scaled phylogenetic analyses were conducted. Cases of human infections with AOAV-1 were reviewed, and where the genotypes were not previously assigned, the sequence data were re-analysed for classification purposes.

Results

PPMV-1 sub-genotype VI.2.1.1.2.1, present in South Africa since at least 2005, continued to circulate in 2021. Sub-genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2, that is widely distributed across Europe, Asia and Australia, was identified in South Africa for the first time, with introduction estimated around September 2017 (95% HPD January 2016–June 2019). Previously unclassified viruses causing lethal human infections in the Netherlands (2003), the USA (2007) and France (2021) were identified as sub-genotypes VI.2.1.1.2.2, VI.2.1.1.1 and XXI.1.1, respectively.

Conclusions

Five recorded AOAV-1-associated human fatalities since 1953 were all caused by PPMV-1. Three out of the five human fatalities, plus one seriously ill survivor, were associated with sub-genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2 viruses, and sub-genotypes VI.2.1.1.1 and XXI.1.1 each caused one human death. PPMV-1's, found widely in pigeons and doves, pose a serious health risk to immunocompromised persons.

简介：鸽子副粘病毒1型（PPMV-1）是禽原avulvirus 1 (AOAV-1)（新城疫病毒）的一种抗原变异，在全球分布，可引起鸽子和鸽子的致命感染。AOAV-1感染人类通常会引起轻度自限性结膜炎，但自2003年以来，PPMV-1在荷兰、美国、法国、中国和澳大利亚的免疫功能低下人群中与严重和致命的呼吸道和神经系统感染数量增加有关。方法：采用常规或下一代技术对2012 - 2024年从南非自由生活的鸽子和鸽子中分离的PPMV-1进行测序。进行了最大似然和时间尺度的系统发育分析。对人感染AOAV-1病例进行了回顾，对先前未指定基因型的病例重新分析序列数据以进行分类。结果：至少自2005年以来在南非存在的PPMV-1亚基因型VI.2.1.1.2.1在2021年继续传播。广泛分布于欧洲、亚洲和澳大利亚的VI.2.1.1.2.2亚基因型首次在南非被发现，估计在2017年9月左右引入（95% HPD于2016年1月至2019年6月）。以前在荷兰（2003年）、美国（2007年）和法国（2021年）引起致命人类感染的未分类病毒分别被确定为亚基因型VI.2.1.1.2.2、VI.2.1.1.1和XXI.1.1。结论：1953年以来记录的5例与aoav -1相关的人类死亡病例均由PPMV-1引起。在5例死亡病例中，3例和1例重病幸存者与VI.2.1.1.2.2亚基因型病毒有关，VI.2.1.1.1和XXI.1.1亚基因型各造成1人死亡。PPMV-1广泛存在于鸽子和鸽子中，对免疫功能低下的人构成严重的健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Human Patients, Food and Animal Products From Slovakia 斯洛伐克人类患者、食品和动物产品中戊型肝炎病毒的发生。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70012

Alica Pavlova, Bozena Kocikova, Katarina Dudasova, Rene Mandelik, Michaela Urda Dolinska, Zuzana Paralicova, Anna Jackova

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the only zoonotic pathogen that causes human viral hepatitis. Foodborne transmission of this virus is one of the most important transmission routes. In this study, performed in various hospitals between 2019 and 2024, we detected the HEV RNA in samples of 66 suspected patients in Eastern Slovakia. In total, 36 patients were found positive. Phylogenetic analysis of selected sequences (n = 26) showed that the majority (n = 22) clustered to genotype HEV-3 group 1. There were only four isolates that clustered to HEV-3 group 2. Statistically significant risk factors associated with viral hepatitis E were gender, age, health status and consumption of animal products. We also analysed suspected food products consumed by patients (n = 10) and animal product samples from stores (n = 218). Only 2 out of 55 (3.6%) pork liver samples from the same butchery shop were found positive for the HEV RNA, clustering to HEV-3 group 2. None of the other animal or food products were found to be positive. This report is the first to utilise genetic typing of the HEV from Slovakia in human patients, food and animal products. However, a direct relationship between human HEV infection and food was not found.

戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是引起人类病毒性肝炎的唯一人畜共患病原体。食源性传播是该病毒最重要的传播途径之一。在2019年至2024年期间在多家医院进行的这项研究中，我们在斯洛伐克东部66名疑似患者的样本中检测到了HEV RNA。总共有36名患者被发现呈阳性。所选序列（n = 26）的系统发育分析表明，大多数（n = 22）聚集在HEV-3基因型1组。仅有4株分离株聚集在HEV-3第2组。与病毒性戊型肝炎相关的统计上显著的危险因素是性别、年龄、健康状况和动物产品的消费。我们还分析了患者食用的疑似食品（n = 10）和商店的动物产品样本（n = 218）。来自同一屠宰场的55份猪肝样本中只有2份（3.6%）检测到HEV RNA阳性，聚集在HEV-3组2。其他动物或食品均未发现阳性。本报告首次在人类患者、食品和动物产品中利用斯洛伐克HEV的基因分型。然而，没有发现人类戊肝病毒感染与食物之间的直接关系。

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引用次数: 0

Country-Level Canine Leishmaniosis Risk: A Literature Review, 2019–2023 国家级犬利什曼病风险：2019-2023年文献综述

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70010

Samantha Swisher, Sheena Tarrant, Kaitlyn Krus, Francis Chu, Anne Carroll, Tucker Colvin, Jennifer J. Fowler, Helen MacGregor, Kenneth Onyewurunwa, Sara Taetzsch, Andrew Abbott, Anne Straily, Emily Pieracci

Aims

Dogs are the primary reservoir for Leishmania infantum, a zoonotic, vector-borne pathogen that causes severe disease in people and dogs. International movement of dogs represents a risk for the introduction of L. infantum into nonendemic countries. Knowing the Leishmania status of the countries a dog has visited allows veterinary and public health professionals to more accurately assess the dog's leishmaniosis risk and take appropriate public health action. The aim of this review was to create a centralised source of information on leishmaniosis risk at the country level to support such assessments.

Methods

We reviewed literature and reports published from 2019 to 2023 relating to canine leishmaniosis, L. infantum, and the distribution of sandflies. We developed a scoring system and assigned a risk category to each country, ranging from ‘no evidence of risk’ to ‘high risk’.

Results

We scored 91 countries as moderate or high risk, 107 as low risk or no evidence of risk and 44 had no data available. Among the countries scored, data availability was often limited.

Conclusions

This review represents a valuable centralised source of information on canine leishmaniosis risk to support public health assessments. Assessments would benefit from improved surveillance and reporting, especially systematic serosurveillance in dogs and inclusion of Leishmania species information in reports of human disease.

目的：狗是婴儿利什曼原虫的主要宿主，利什曼原虫是一种人畜共患的媒介传播病原体，可引起人和狗的严重疾病。犬只的国际流动有将婴儿乳杆菌引入非流行国家的风险。了解犬只所访问国家的利什曼病状况可使兽医和公共卫生专业人员更准确地评估犬只患利什曼病的风险，并采取适当的公共卫生行动。这次审查的目的是在国家一级建立一个关于利什曼病风险的集中信息来源，以支持这种评估。方法：回顾2019 - 2023年发表的有关犬利什曼病、婴儿L.和白蛉分布的文献和报告。我们开发了一个评分系统，并为每个国家分配了一个风险类别，范围从“无风险证据”到“高风险”。结果：我们将91个国家评为中度或高风险，107个国家为低风险或无风险证据，44个国家没有可用的数据。在得分的国家中，数据的可用性往往有限。结论：本综述为犬利什曼病风险提供了有价值的集中信息来源，可支持公共卫生评估。改进监测和报告，特别是对狗进行系统的血清监测，并在人类疾病报告中纳入利什曼原虫种类信息，将有利于评估工作。

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引用次数: 0

The Effect of Climate Change on Emergence and Evolution of Zoonotic Diseases in Asia 气候变化对亚洲人畜共患疾病发生和演变的影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70007

Roger S. Morris, Masako Wada

As the climate of Asia changes under the influence of global warming, the incidence and spatial distribution of known zoonoses will evolve, and new zoonoses are expected to emerge as a result of greater exposure to organisms which currently occur only in wildlife. In order to evaluate the risks attached to different transmission methods and organism maintenance mechanisms, a classification system is provided which allocates diseases into nine epitypes. All animal diseases and zoonoses recognised as globally important can be categorised into an epitype, or in a few cases more than one epidemiologically distinct epitype. Within each epitype, evidence available on the effects of climatic factors is provided for selected diseases of zoonotic importance to illustrate likely future evolution of these diseases and the extent of currently available evidence for different diseases. Factors which are likely to influence the emergence of novel zoonotic pathogens in Asia are outlined. The range of methods available for analysis, prediction, and evaluation of likely changes in disease occurrence under the influence of climate change has grown rapidly; an introduction is given to the types of tools now available. These methods will need to be integrated into a surveillance and response strategy for Asia, and an approach to achieve this is outlined.

随着亚洲气候在全球变暖的影响下发生变化，已知人畜共患病的发病率和空间分布将发生变化，并且由于更多地接触目前仅发生在野生动物中的生物，预计会出现新的人畜共患病。为了评估不同传播方式和生物体维持机制所带来的风险，提出了一种将疾病划分为9种类型的分类系统。所有被认为具有全球重要性的动物疾病和人畜共患病都可以归类为一种表型，或者在少数情况下可以归类为一种以上的流行病学上不同的表型。在每个表型中，提供了关于气候因素影响的现有证据，以说明这些疾病未来可能的演变以及目前可获得的不同疾病证据的程度。概述了可能影响亚洲新型人畜共患病原体出现的因素。可用于分析、预测和评估气候变化影响下疾病发生可能变化的方法范围迅速扩大；介绍了目前可用的工具类型。需要将这些方法纳入亚洲的监测和应对战略，并概述了实现这一目标的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Canine Spotted Fever Group Rickettsial Seroprevalence as an Indicator for Human Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Case Rates in Arizona, USA 犬斑疹热组立克次体血清阳性率作为美国亚利桑那州落基山斑疹热病例率的指标。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70009

Alec Oliva, Rachael Kreisler, Andrea Romkema, Soren Madsen, Haley Furman, Christopher Maag, Charles Schaefer, Jose A. Hernandez, Jung Keun Lee, Michael Quinlan, John VandenBrooks

Introduction

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a rapidly progressing febrile disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, is the deadliest tick-borne disease in the world. Human infection initially results in non-specific symptoms and, if untreated, can result in death in up to 35% of cases. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) was discovered to spread RMSF in Arizona and Northern Mexico in the early 2000s, and the disease is now considered endemic in areas of the Southwestern United States. This study investigates the relationship between canine spotted fever group rickettsial (SFGR) seroprevalence and human RMSF case rates in Arizona.

Methods

Canine serum samples were opportunistically collected from 12 counties in Arizona between February 2018 and November 2022. Immunofluorescence assays were employed to determine the anti-SFGR antibody titers in each of the samples, with dilutions ≥ 1:64 considered positive. An exponential nonlinear regression was used to determine the association between canine SFGR seroprevalence and human RMSF case rates per 100,000 as reported by the Arizona Department of Health Services.

Results

Of the 423 dogs sampled, 21% (89/423) were found to be positive for anti-SFGR antibodies. Eight of the 12 counties had seropositive dogs. Geometric mean titers ranged from 64 to 464, with a median of 179. A nonlinear regression model demonstrated a strong association between canine SFGR seropositivity and human RMSF case rates, with the best-fitting model employing RMSF case rates lagged by 1 year. A similar model also showed a significant association between canine SFGR geometric mean titers and RMSF case rates.

Conclusion

Canine SFGR seroprevalence correlates with human RMSF case rates, with RMSF risk rising exponentially as canine SFGR seroprevalence increases. This lends support to the potential use of canine SFGR serology as an epidemiological tool for forecasting RMSF.

落基山斑疹热（RMSF）是由细菌立克次体立克次体引起的一种迅速发展的发热疾病，是世界上最致命的蜱传疾病。人类感染最初会导致非特异性症状，如果不治疗，可导致高达35%的病例死亡。21世纪初，在亚利桑那州和墨西哥北部发现了传播RMSF的血蜱（棕色狗蜱），现在该疾病被认为是美国西南部地区的地方病。本研究调查了亚利桑那州犬斑点热组立克次体（SFGR）血清阳性率与人类RMSF病例率之间的关系。方法：2018年2月至2022年11月，在亚利桑那州12个县随机采集犬血清样本。采用免疫荧光法测定每个样品的抗sfgr抗体滴度，稀释度≥1:64为阳性。指数非线性回归用于确定犬SFGR血清患病率和人类RMSF病例率之间的关系，每10万人报告的亚利桑那州卫生服务部门。结果：在423只犬中，有21%（89/423）检测到sfgr抗体阳性。12个县中有8个县犬血清呈阳性。几何平均滴度范围为64 ~ 464，中位数为179。非线性回归模型显示犬SFGR血清阳性与人类RMSF病例率之间存在很强的相关性，使用RMSF病例率滞后1年的最佳拟合模型。类似的模型也显示犬SFGR几何平均滴度与RMSF病例率之间存在显着关联。结论：犬SFGR血清阳性率与人类RMSF发病率相关，随着犬SFGR血清阳性率的升高，RMSF发病风险呈指数增长。这为犬SFGR血清学作为预测RMSF的流行病学工具提供了潜在的支持。

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引用次数: 0

A Rapid Review Contrasting the Evidence on Avian Influenza A(H5Nx) Clades 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.2.1c in Humans 人感染禽流感病毒A（H5Nx）分支2.3.4.4b和2.3.2.1c证据对比的快速回顾

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70006

Tricia Corrin, Kaitlin M. Young, Mavra Qamar, Kusala Pussegoda, Austyn Baumeister, Nicole Atchessi, Erin Leonard, Lisa A. Waddell

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulate in wild and domestic bird populations, posing an on-going risk for zoonotic transmission and virus adaptation to mammals and humans. The A(H5Nx) clades 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4b currently circulating have caused sporadic infections in humans. A rapid review (RR) was conducted to contrast the evidence on infection from these clades in humans. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a protocol was developed a priori. The search was conducted in December 2023 for primary research articles (published and preprint) pertaining to AIV clades 2.3.4.4b or 2.3.2.1c in Scopus, PubMed and EuropePMC. Search verification and a grey literature search were also conducted in January 2024. Full-text relevance screening was conducted independently by two reviewers. Data extraction and risk of bias (ROB) assessment was conducted by one reviewer and verified by a senior reviewer. Results were reported narratively. Forty articles published between 2014 and 2023 were included in this RR. Studies found no discernible difference in the likely mode of exposure, transmission or the potential of AIV infection in humans between the two clades. Seropositivity, seroconversion and hospitalisation rates were also similar, while intensive care unit admission and fatalities were higher for A(H5Nx) clade 2.3.2.1c. Several markers of mammalian adaptation and mutations associated with increased viral replication, polymerase activity and virulence in mammals and/or mice were found in both clades. Most studies were considered to be at high ROB, while some well-designed cohort studies were at moderate ROB. This summary can be used to inform what is known about A(H5Nx) in humans for the two clades and suggests that there is on-going adaptation pressure from circulating AIVs that should be closely monitored. It is important to continue surveillance in birds, mammals and humans, conduct large epidemiological studies and develop mitigation strategies from a One Health perspective.

禽流感病毒（AIV）在野生和家禽种群中传播，持续构成人畜共患病传播和病毒适应哺乳动物和人类的风险。目前流行的A（H5Nx）分支2.3.2.1c和2.3.4.4b已在人类中引起散发感染。对这些分支在人类中感染的证据进行了快速审查（RR）。遵循PRISMA准则，先验地制定了一项协议。检索于2023年12月在Scopus、PubMed和EuropePMC中检索与AIV分支2.3.4.4b或2.3.2.1c相关的主要研究文章（已发表和预印本）。检索验证和灰色文献检索也于2024年1月进行。全文相关性筛选由两位审稿人独立进行。数据提取和偏倚风险（ROB）评估由一名审稿人进行，并由一名高级审稿人进行验证。结果以叙述方式报道。该RR收录了2014年至2023年间发表的40篇文章。研究发现，这两个分支在可能的接触方式、传播方式或人类感染艾滋病病毒的可能性方面没有明显差异。血清阳性、血清转化率和住院率也相似，而甲型（H5Nx）进化分支2.2.3.2.1 c的重症监护病房住院率和死亡率更高。在哺乳动物和/或小鼠中发现了一些与病毒复制、聚合酶活性和毒力增加相关的哺乳动物适应和突变标记。大多数研究被认为是高ROB，而一些设计良好的队列研究是中等ROB。这一总结可用于告知关于这两个支系在人类中的甲型（H5Nx）的已知情况，并表明应密切监测流行aiv的持续适应压力。必须继续对鸟类、哺乳动物和人类进行监测，开展大规模流行病学研究，并从“同一个健康”的角度制定缓解战略。

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引用次数: 0

Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cats: Zoonotic Transmission 猫的牛分枝杆菌感染：人畜共患传播。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70008

Soledad Barandiaran, María Jimena Marfil, Natalia Yaafar, María Fernanda Ferrer, Sandra Fajardo, María Fernanda Salvador, Mariana Biscia, Martín José Zumárraga, Javier Eduardo Sarradell

Introduction

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an infectious disease of worldwide relevance, with a growing concern for its zoonotic potential. Although cattle are the primary host, infections in companion animals have been reported, raising new public health concerns.

Methods

Four cases of M. bovis infection in two cohabiting cats and two humans, one being the pet owner and the other a veterinarian, are analysed. Microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques were employed, including culture, PCR, and genotyping through spoligotyping.

Results

The presence of M. bovis was confirmed in both felines, identifying the same spoligotype (SB0140). Subsequently, the infection was documented in the pet owner, who had no history of contact with livestock, and in a veterinarian who sustained a needlestick injury during sample collection.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the risk of zoonotic tuberculosis originating from companion animals, even in the absence of direct exposure to livestock. The results underscore the need to strengthen diagnostic and surveillance strategies in non-traditional species and emphasise the importance of adopting a comprehensive One Health approach to prevent and mitigate transmission between animals and humans, particularly in regions where bovine tuberculosis is endemic.

由牛分枝杆菌引起的结核病是一种世界性的传染性疾病，其人畜共患的可能性日益受到关注。虽然牛是主要宿主，但也有伴侣动物感染的报告，引起了新的公共卫生问题。方法：对2只同居猫和2人（1为宠物主人，1为兽医）4例牛支原体感染病例进行分析。采用微生物和分子诊断技术，包括培养、PCR和通过spoligotyping进行基因分型。结果：在两只猫中均发现牛分枝杆菌，鉴定出相同的spoligotype （SB0140）。随后，在没有与牲畜接触史的宠物主人和一名在样本采集过程中被针刺伤的兽医中记录了感染。结论：这些发现强调了来自伴侣动物的人畜共患结核病的风险，即使没有直接接触牲畜。结果强调有必要加强非传统物种的诊断和监测战略，并强调采取全面的“同一个健康”方法来预防和减轻动物与人之间的传播的重要性，特别是在牛结核病流行的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of a Low-Cost Mosquito-Borne Disease Early Warning System Integrating Molecular Mosquito and Arbovirus Surveillance 结合蚊子分子和虫媒病毒监测的低成本蚊媒疾病预警系统的评估。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70005

Nidya Jurado-Sánchez, Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes, Andreu Comas-García, Fernando Díaz Barriga-Martínez, Mauricio Comas-García, Sandra E. Guerra-Palomares, Christian A. García-Sepúlveda

Introduction

Arboviruses can be transmitted by Anophelinae (Anopheles genus) or Culicinae (Aedes and Culex genera) mosquitoes. Ecological and sociodemographic factors such as urbanisation, poverty, access to health systems and social inequality determine vector density and risk of disease transmission. Effective surveillance of vectors and arboviruses is crucial for guiding public health strategies.

Methods

We developed a low-cost molecular approach integrating mosquito and arbovirus surveillance and assessed its performance during 2021 in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Our approach incorporates an innovative mosquito trap (Yoy trap), an ITS2-based mosquito molecular taxonomy assay and the use of FTA card preservation of arboviral RNA.

Results

A total of 16,319 mosquitoes were collected, Culex spp. genus being the most abundant (63.3%) followed by Aedes spp. (26.6%) and Anopheles spp. (4.7%). Our approach allowed us to characterise mosquito population dynamics including the centripetal expansion of mosquito range from city outskirts to urban areas. Viral RNA screening of 124 FTA cards identified the presence of four arboviruses in mosquitoes of the city of San Luis Potosi: DENV (6.5%), ZIKV (5.6%), CHIKV (1.6%) and WNV (3.2%).

Conclusions

This surveillance system detected DENV in mosquitoes 7 weeks prior to the first reported human case, further supporting the public health benefits deriving from the adoption of similar innovative, low-cost and robust surveillance systems.

虫媒病毒可由按蚊科（按蚊属）或库蚊科（伊蚊属和库蚊属）传播。城市化、贫困、获得卫生系统和社会不平等等生态和社会人口因素决定了病媒密度和疾病传播风险。媒介和虫媒病毒的有效监测对于指导公共卫生战略至关重要。方法：我们开发了一种低成本的分子方法，将蚊子和虫媒病毒监测结合起来，并评估了该方法2021年在墨西哥圣路易斯Potosí的表现。我们的方法结合了一种创新的蚊子诱捕器（Yoy诱捕器）、一种基于its2的蚊子分子分类试验和使用FTA卡保存虫媒病毒RNA。结果：共捕获蚊虫16319只，以库蚊属最多（63.3%），其次为伊蚊（26.6%）和按蚊（4.7%）；我们的方法使我们能够描述蚊子种群动态，包括蚊子范围从城市郊区向城市地区的向心扩张。对124张FTA卡片进行病毒RNA筛选，发现圣路易斯波托西市蚊虫中存在4种虫媒病毒：DENV（6.5%）、ZIKV（5.6%）、CHIKV（1.6%）和WNV（3.2%）。结论：该监测系统在首次报告人间病例前7周在蚊子中发现DENV，进一步支持采用类似的创新、低成本和强大的监测系统所带来的公共卫生效益。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Human Health Implications of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in Vermont Backyard Poultry 佛蒙特州后院家禽中肠沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌的流行、危险因素和人类健康影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70004

Chelsey A. Patch, Katalin M. Larsen, Cheryl M. Armstrong, Siddhartha Kanrar, Alessandra M. Michaelides, Purna Chakraborty, Kelcey Harper, Valarie Devlin, Lorrie Martin, Alia Lunna, Hannah L. Blackwell, Sarah C. Nguyen, Anna Penny, Andrea J. Etter

Introduction

Backyard poultry (BYP) are increasingly linked to cases of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis.

Methods

Between 2022 and 2024, soiled bedding samples from 70 BYP farms were tested for Campylobacter spp. and/or Salmonella enterica.

Results

Nine farms (12.86%) had at least one sample positive for S. enterica, while 19.05% (12/63) tested positive for Campylobacter spp. We sequenced 54 S. enterica isolates from eight farms in this sample and four farms from previous sampling in 2021 (n = 12 total farms) to determine the genetic characteristics of S. enterica from backyard poultry. Salmonella Schwarzengrund was the most common serovar (33%; 18/54) found, followed by Kentucky (16.7%; 9/54) and serovars Hadar (14.8%; 8/54) and Enteritidis (14.8%; 8/54). Though over half of isolates (51.9%; 28/54) exhibited no predicted genotypic or phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials, some serovars such as Salmonella Hadar were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Four isolates had intermediate phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin and two were resistant to ampicillin.

Conclusions

In summary, the frequency of Campylobacter and Salmonella in BYP populations of Vermont may pose a significant public health risk. Although the rate of antimicrobial resistance was low among S. enterica isolates, resistance to medically important antibiotics was observed, and isolate serovars aligned with serovars implicated in human illness in Vermont.

导论：后院家禽（BYP）越来越多地与弯曲杆菌病和沙门氏菌病有关。方法：在2022年至2024年期间，对70个BYP农场的污染床上用品样本进行弯曲杆菌和/或肠沙门氏菌检测。结果：9个养殖场（12.86%）至少有1个样本检测出肠球菌阳性，19.05%（12/63）的养殖场检测出弯曲杆菌。我们对该样本中的8个养殖场和2021年4个养殖场（共12个养殖场）的54株肠球菌进行了测序，以确定后院家禽肠球菌的遗传特征。沙门氏菌是最常见的血清型(33%；18/54)，其次是肯塔基州(16.7%；9/54)和serovars Hadar (14.8%；8/54)和Enteritidis (14.8%；8/54)。尽管半数以上的分离株(51.9%；28/54)对抗菌素没有预测的基因型或表型耐药，一些血清型如哈达尔沙门氏菌对多种抗菌素耐药。4株对环丙沙星有中等表型耐药，2株对氨苄西林有耐药。结论：综上所述，佛蒙特州BYP人群中弯曲杆菌和沙门氏菌的频率可能构成重大的公共卫生风险。尽管肠链球菌分离株的抗菌素耐药率很低，但观察到对医学上重要的抗生素的耐药性，并且分离出的血清型与佛蒙特州人类疾病的血清型一致。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiology and Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Rickettsiae in Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus Ticks Infesting Dogs and Sheep in Pakistan 巴基斯坦犬羊间透明体和鼻头蜱中蜱传立克次体的流行病学及分子检测。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70002

Jehan Zeb, Haytham Senbill, Muhammad Kashif Obaid, Ren Qiaoyun, Mourad Ben Said, Muhammad Umair Aziz, Adil Khan, Reem Alajmi, Raquel Cossio-Bayugar, Karla Dzul-Rosado, Olivier Andre Sparagano

Background

Tick-borne rickettsiae present significant health risks to both humans and animals globally. However, the epidemiology of rickettsial pathogens in Pakistan remains largely unexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and molecular detection of tick-borne Rickettsia in Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus ticks infesting dogs and sheep in Pakistan.

Methods

A total of 810 ticks were collected from six geographical locations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Morphological and molecular identification classified the ticks as Rhipicephalus linnaei, Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma scupense and Hyalomma isaaci, with Rh. linnaei being the most prevalent species (34.81%).

Results

Molecular analysis indicated that 43.58% of the ticks tested positive for rickettsiae. The prevalence of specific rickettsial species was as follows: Rickettsia massiliae (16.79%), Rickettsia sp. (11.48%), R. slovaca (8.77%), Ca. R. kotlanii (5.31%) and R. japonica (1.23%). Notably, approximately 13.95% of the ticks harboured at least one tick-borne Rickettsia, with double and triple co-infections found in 5.06% and 1.23%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates of Candidatus Rickettsia kotlanii and Rickettsia sp. from Pakistan shared close genetic similarities with isolates from Japan and South Africa.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and monitoring of Pakistani tick populations and rickettsial pathogens. Understanding the dynamics of rickettsial transmission is crucial for mitigating the risks of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals and informing public health strategies.

背景：蜱传立克次体在全球范围内对人类和动物都存在重大的健康风险。然而，巴基斯坦立克次体病原体的流行病学研究在很大程度上仍未得到探索。目的：研究巴基斯坦犬、羊中蜱传立克次体的流行病学及分子检测方法。方法：在开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省6个地点采集蜱虫810只。形态和分子鉴定将蜱虫分类为林奈棘头蜱、单峰眼蜱、悬空眼蜱和艾萨奇眼蜱。林奈是最常见的种（34.81%）。结果：分子分析结果显示，43.58%的蜱体检测呈立克次体阳性。特定立克次体流行率依次为马氏立克次体（16.79%）、立克次体（11.48%）、slovaca立克次体（8.77%）、kotlanii立克次体（5.31%）和japonica立克次体（1.23%）。值得注意的是，约13.95%的蜱至少携带一种蜱传立克次体，双重和三重合并感染分别为5.06%和1.23%。系统发育分析表明，来自巴基斯坦的立克次体和立克次体分离株与来自日本和南非的分离株具有密切的遗传相似性。结论：这些发现强调迫切需要加强对巴基斯坦蜱虫种群和立克次体病原体的监测和监测。了解立克次体传播的动态对于减轻人类和动物中蜱传疾病的风险以及为公共卫生战略提供信息至关重要。

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引用次数: 0