Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Khuzestan Province, Iran","authors":"Mohammad Javad Boozhmehrani,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Feiz-Haddad,&nbsp;Mehdi Tavalla,&nbsp;Mohammad Nouri,&nbsp;Seyed Morteza Ghoreishi","doi":"10.1111/zph.13195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a parasitic protozoan capable of infecting warm-blooded animals, including humans, and is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) serve as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens like <i>T. gondii</i>, which can cause disease in humans if transmitted. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> in wild boars in Khuzestan Province, Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seroprevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> antibodies was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), employing a commercial kit (Calbiotech), whereas molecular detection was carried out through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the <i>B1</i> gene of <i>T. gondii</i> on tissue samples (tongue, muscle, diaphragm and heart). Thirty wild boars were sampled from the regions of Shush, Shushtar, Dezful and Abadan, and both blood and tissue samples were analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, the seroprevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> antibodies was found to be 83.3% (25/30) among wild boar serum samples using ELISA. Molecular detection through PCR identified <i>T. gondii</i> DNA in 46.7% (14/30) of tissue samples, with the highest detection rates in tongue tissues (64%), followed by muscle (21%) and diaphragm (14%). No positive results were found in heart samples, and no animal had multiple tissues testing positive. All PCR-positive cases corresponded with positive ELISA results, and a statistically significant difference was observed in parasite prevalence across different tissues (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although consumption of wild boar meat is banned in Iran, illegal hunting and consumption remain a concern. The high prevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> in wild boars poses a potential risk for transmission through the illegal consumption of undercooked or raw meat. This study highlights the need for public health interventions to control the illegal trade of wild boar meat and reduce the risk of toxoplasmosis transmission. Further research is recommended to investigate <i>T. gondii</i> distribution in other tissues, including the brain, and to better understand the parasite's epidemiology in this region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Community-Based Reporting and Field Diagnostics for Improved Rabies Surveillance in Rural Laikipia, Kenya","authors":"Christian O. Odinga,&nbsp;Lian F. Thomas,&nbsp;Evalyne Wambugu,&nbsp;Adam W. Ferguson,&nbsp;Eric M. Fèvre,&nbsp;Andy Gibson,&nbsp;James M. Hassell,&nbsp;Dishon M. Muloi,&nbsp;Suzan Murray,&nbsp;Andrea Surmat,&nbsp;Peter M. Mwai,&nbsp;Rosie Woodroffe,&nbsp;Dedan Ngatia,&nbsp;Peter M. Gathura,&nbsp;John Waitumbi,&nbsp;Katherine E. L. Worsley-Tonks","doi":"10.1111/zph.13193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rabies vaccination in domestic dog populations has increased globally in a bid to protect human health. Surveillance efforts, however, are inconsistent in endemic regions such as in sub-Saharan Africa, due to fragmented reporting and limited diagnostic capacity for suspected cases, limiting successful monitoring and evaluation of vaccination campaigns. Here, we conducted a pilot study aiming to strengthen rabies surveillance by combining community-based surveillance with field-based diagnostic testing in pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in central Kenya; communities which are frequently marginalised from health systems. During the 6-month pilot study, there were 14 alerts of suspected rabid dogs in the community, of which eight were tested and five diagnostically confirmed as rabid. Two positive samples processed successfully for whole genome sequencing indicated that the rabies variant circulating in central Kenya during the study period belonged to the Africa 1b subclade, which is similar to variants identified in eastern Kenya and Tanzania, suggesting regional transmission. This pilot study indicates that rabies continues to circulate in the region and that community-based surveillance, when combined with enhanced diagnostic testing, can help alleviate underreporting and guide vaccination campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of Mammals to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: A Qualitative Risk Assessment From the Belgian Perspective","authors":"Virginie Van Leeuw,&nbsp;Pieter Depoorter,&nbsp;Axel Mauroy,&nbsp;Olivier Beck,&nbsp;Herman Claeys,&nbsp;Nick De Regge,&nbsp;Valérie De Waele,&nbsp;Paul De Winter,&nbsp;Jean-François Heymans,&nbsp;Jozef Hooyberghs,&nbsp;Philippe Houdart,&nbsp;Cyrelle Houtsaeger,&nbsp;Annick Linden,&nbsp;Marcella Mori,&nbsp;Hans Nauwynck,&nbsp;Anna Parys,&nbsp;Javiera Rebolledo Romero,&nbsp;Chantal Rettigner,&nbsp;Lieze Rouffaer,&nbsp;Jorgen Stassijns,&nbsp;Mieke Steensels,&nbsp;Steven Van Gucht,&nbsp;Kristien Van Reeth,&nbsp;Katie Vermeersch,&nbsp;Muriel Vervaeke,&nbsp;Claude Saegerman,&nbsp;Jeroen Dewulf","doi":"10.1111/zph.13194","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The world experienced a huge number of outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in birds, which could represent one of the largest registered epidemics of infectious disease in food-producing animals. Therefore, mammals, including humans, are continuously exposed to HPAI viruses leading to sporadic and sometimes unusual mammal infections. The aim of this paper is to assess the risk of crossing the avian/mammalian species barrier by the currently circulating HPAI viruses, focusing on the epidemiological situation of Belgium, a representative country for Western Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Information on transmission pathways and species susceptibility, based on the experimental and epidemiological data, was reviewed and weighted to assess the risk of mammal infection with HPAI A(H5N1) viruses of the circulating clade 2.3.4.4b. This risk is defined as the likelihood of mammal infection by birds crossed by the clinical consequences of this infection for this animal. From the Belgian perspective, it is concluded that this risk remains ‘low’ to ‘moderate’ for captive/domestic mammal species. However, this risk was categorised as ‘high’ for certain species, i.e. mammals that have the opportunity to have frequent direct or indirect close contacts with infected (dead) birds, such as wild felids, wild mustelids, foxes and wild marine carnivore mammals. For some mammal species, the uncertainty associated with the assessment remains high due to an ever-changing situation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The longer the virus will continue to circulate in wildlife/the environment the stronger the probability of contact between infected birds and mammals will become. This will increase the related risk of viral adaptation for efficient transmission between mammal, posing concerns for public health. Regular reassessments based on the field and experimental data are therefore necessary to implement and adapt risk-based mitigation measures. This will require continuous monitoring of avian influenza viruses in both birds and mammals as well as sharing of sequence data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"150-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of the Habitat Characteristics and Ecological Niche of the Asian Tiger Mosquito in a Fine-Scale Area of a Primate Research Center Using the Maximum Entropy Model","authors":"Dimas Novianto,&nbsp;Upik Kesumawati Hadi,&nbsp;Susi Soviana,&nbsp; Supriyono,&nbsp;Morakot Kaewthamasorn,&nbsp;Huda Shalahudin Darusman","doi":"10.1111/zph.13192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Aedes</i>-borne diseases, such as Zika and Chikungunya, originate from an enzootic cycle in which non-human primates (NHPs) function as reservoirs. This study aimed to analyze the characteristic habitat and ecological niche models of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> within the confines of a Primate Research Center (PRC), to assess its potential as a site for zoonotic arbovirus transmission. Additionally, this study aimed to construct a comprehensive map to delineate the risks of arbovirus transmission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 1-year direct field survey was conducted from January to December 2022 in the PRC to obtain comprehensive data on the presence of larvae, including their conditions, habitat types, and physicochemical characteristics. Larval collection was meticulously performed at potential breeding sites using a 350 ml dipper and pipette. Information on the ecological niche was compiled based on a combination of general environmental variables and mosquito presence data obtained from direct field surveys using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 120 presence points for <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae were obtained from the PRC area, with 23.02% of the larvae found in buckets as artificial habitats, and 18.25% found in bromeliad plants as natural habitat types. Larvae of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> occupy artificial habitats that are not turbid, exposed to direct sunlight, and devoid of predators. The abundances and occurrences of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae was found to be significantly influenced by pH and total dissolved solids. This study showed that the PRC was a suitable habitat for breeding <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae, with the distance to buildings emerging as a significant environmental variable in the species distribution model</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fine-scale empirical model developed for <i>Ae. albopictus</i> and its habitat characteristics not only provide insights into the suitability of vector habitats, but can also be used assess the risk of arbovirus transmission, potentially informing strategies for controlling mosquito breeding sites within the PRC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"136-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Summary of Tick and Animal Surveillance Studies for Lyme Disease in Canada, 1975–2023: A Scoping Review","authors":"Alexander Davidson,&nbsp;Patrick H. Kelly,&nbsp;Julie Davis,&nbsp;Maria Major,&nbsp;Jennifer C. Moïsi,&nbsp;James H. Stark","doi":"10.1111/zph.13191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lyme disease (LD) is caused by infection with the bacteria <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato (<i>Bb</i>) through the bite of an infected <i>Ixodes</i> spp. tick. LD has emerged as a public and animal health issue in Canada, with human incidence increasing in part due to the expansion of <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> ticks and their vertebrate hosts. We sought to provide the first comprehensive summary of published tick and animal surveillance literature regarding LD in Canada to describe changes in LD over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a review to identify peer-reviewed LD-focused tick, mammal, and bird surveillance articles in three online databases between 1975 and 2023. Data on study characteristics, data collection years, and surveillance methods and findings were extracted. Descriptive statistics were reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 115 studies were included for review. Results showed an increase in published surveillance literature and changes in study approaches and their provincial distribution over time, coinciding with increased LD cases in Canada. Seventy-four studies were published after 2014 when Canada's Federal Framework on Lyme Disease Act was introduced, and two-thirds of these studies focused on tick surveillance only. Overall, 58% of studies involved surveillance in Ontario but increases in all other provinces were observed after 2009.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observed changes in five decades of LD-related tick and animal surveillance literature helps document the historical rapid spread of <i>Ixodes</i> and <i>Bb</i> across provinces. This can provide lessons for other regions that may transition from emerging to endemic status for LD in the coming years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 1","pages":"9-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Zoonotic Potential of Nontyphoidal Salmonella From Household Dogs","authors":"Sophia M. Kenney,&nbsp;Nkuchia M. M'ikanatha,&nbsp;Erika Ganda","doi":"10.1111/zph.13174","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Companion animals, like household dogs, are an overlooked transmission point for zoonotic pathogens such as nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS). Given the proximity of dogs to humans and the use of critically important antibiotics in companion animal medicine, household dogs represent a risk for the spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) <i>Salmonella</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To this end, we aimed to leverage existing biosurveillance infrastructure to investigate AMR and the zoonotic potential of NTS isolated from dogs and humans. We identified all NTS strains isolated from domestic dogs via the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network between May 2017 and March 2023 (<i>N</i> = 87), and spatiotemporally matched strains isolated from humans in the NCBI Pathogen Isolate Browser (<i>N</i> = 77). These 164 strains, collected from 17 states in the United States, formed the basis of our analysis. Strains isolated from dogs comprised diverse serovars, with most being clinically relevant to human health. All strains possessed AMR determinants for drug classes deemed critically or highly important by the World Health Organization. We identified sixteen NTS isolates from humans closely related to ≥1 of six dog-associated strains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Collectively, our data emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and sustained biosurveillance beyond human- and agriculture-associated veterinary medicine, using a One-Health framework that accounts for all transmission points including companion animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 1","pages":"84-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emergence of Cat-Transmitted Sporotrichosis Driven by Sporothrix brasiliensis in Piauí, Brazil","authors":"Raizza Eveline Escórcio Pinheiro,&nbsp;Clara Cecília Azevedo Santana,&nbsp;Liline Maria Soares Martins,&nbsp;Dilbert Silva Veloso,&nbsp;Jardenio Assis dos Santos Luz,&nbsp;Oriana Bezerra Lima,&nbsp;Namir Clementino Santos,&nbsp;Fernanda Fidelis Gonsales,&nbsp;Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho,&nbsp;Anderson Messias Rodrigues","doi":"10.1111/zph.13190","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Brazil, the emergence of feline sporotrichosis, a neglected subcutaneous mycosis primarily transmitted by cats and caused by the fungus <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i>, has been monitored via molecular tools. This approach underscores the geographic expansion of this disease and highlights the critical role of molecular surveillance in understanding its epidemiology and guiding public health interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated three domestic cats (<i>Felis catus</i>) with multiple skin lesions in Picos, Piauí, Brazil. The cats were examined, and samples were collected for laboratory diagnosis, including cytological evaluation, fungal culture, and molecular characterisation. The molecular analysis involved a one-tube multiplex probe-based qPCR assay for the diagnosis of <i>Sporothrix</i> species, mating-type determination, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP, EcoRI-GA/MseI-AG) to assess genetic similarity and potential origin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All three cats were diagnosed with sporotrichosis caused by the hypervirulent <i>S. brasiliensis</i>. A probable case of zoonotic transmission has been reported in a 12-year-old girl who developed Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome after contact with one of the cats with sporotrichosis. The molecular analysis revealed that the cat isolates were <i>MAT 1-2</i> and formed a single cluster according to the AFLP analysis, suggesting direct transmission (cat-cat) and a potential founder effect. The isolates were also closely related to strains from Pernambuco and Southeast Brazil, indicating a possible introduction from these regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying <i>S. brasiliensis</i> in Piauí emphasises the need for increased awareness and control measures to prevent further spread. The predominance of the <i>MAT1-2</i> idiomorphs and the genetic similarity among outbreak isolates suggest clonal expansion, which could have significant implications for public health and veterinary practices. Considering its zoonotic potential and environmental adaptability, a One Health approach is crucial for managing and controlling the spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brucella microti and Rodent-Borne Brucellosis: A Neglected Public Health Threat","authors":"Ivo Rudolf,&nbsp;Romana Kejíková,&nbsp;Michael Kosoy,&nbsp;Zdeněk Hubálek,&nbsp;Kristína Mravcová,&nbsp;Silvie Šikutová,&nbsp;Adrian M. Whatmore,&nbsp;Sascha Al Dahouk","doi":"10.1111/zph.13188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonoses worldwide, primarily affecting livestock but also posing a serious threat to public health. The major <i>Brucella</i> species are known to cause a feverish disease in humans with various clinical signs. These classical <i>Brucella</i> species are (re-)emerging, but also novel strains and species, some of them transmitted from rodents, can be associated with human infections. As a result of our review on rodent-borne brucellosis, we emphasise the need for more comprehensive surveillance of <i>Brucella</i> and especially <i>Brucella microti</i> in rodent populations and call for further research targeting the ecological persistence of rodent-associated <i>Brucella</i> species in the environment, their epizootic role in wild rodents and their virulence and pathogenicity for wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Prescription Practices and Stewardship in Washington State Small and Mixed Animal Veterinary Medicine","authors":"Shannon Cassel,&nbsp;Hannah T. Fenelon,&nbsp;Elizabeth Rott,&nbsp;Libby Blazes,&nbsp;Leah M. Willess,&nbsp;Anna E. Baines,&nbsp;Vickie Ramirez,&nbsp;Kelly Kauber,&nbsp;Peter Rabinowitz,&nbsp;Claire R. Burbick,&nbsp;Erica R. Fuhrmeister","doi":"10.1111/zph.13187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Judicious antimicrobial use is essential for the continued treatment of infections in small and mixed animal veterinary medicine. To better support Washington (WA) State veterinarians in antimicrobial stewardship, we surveyed licensed small and mixed animal veterinarians and led group conversations regarding antimicrobial prescription practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Survey questions included demographic information, factors influencing prescription practices and clinical cases. Responses were summarised and logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with antibiotic treatment choices. Group conversations, led by a licensed veterinarian, focused on resource gaps for veterinarians, management of clinical scenarios and interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and breakpoints. A systematic qualitative analysis of conversation transcripts identified key themes such as common barriers to stewardship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 53 responses to clinical scenarios, veterinarians selected the most appropriate treatment choice, according to a veterinary microbiologist, 62% of the time. Variability was observed in culture and susceptibility practices and antibiotic choices. Survey respondents reported an influence of the client ability to medicate (92%), considerations of resistance (91%), client finances (75%) and availability of antimicrobials (75%) on their prescription decisions. There were no significant associations between opinions about contributing factors to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) or guidelines used and treatment choices in clinical scenarios. Among 15 veterinarians interviewed in group conversations, a systematic qualitative analysis of conversation transcripts revealed key themes, including reliance on human medicine as a resource and a lack of support for veterinarians in interpreting MICs and breakpoints.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The variability in veterinary antibiotic treatment decisions in this study suggests a need for further dissemination of standardised antimicrobial stewardship resources for veterinarians. Client-related challenges and the cost of culture and susceptibility are major barriers to stewardship. To address these barriers, it is necessary to provide standardised, easy-to-access guidance for veterinarians in interpreting MICs and breakpoints, as well as develop antimicrobial use resources for clients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 2","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Free-Ranging Sapajus nigritus, Argentina","authors":"Daniela Lamattina,&nbsp;Mariela Florencia Martinez,&nbsp;Esteban Manuel Couto,&nbsp;Clara Scarry,&nbsp;María Paula Tujague,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Arrabal,&nbsp;Dante Luis Di Nucci,&nbsp;Eduardo Ariel Lestani,&nbsp;Diego Bombelli,&nbsp;Marcela Andrea López,&nbsp;Natalia Sasoni,&nbsp;Rossana Piloni,&nbsp;Angélica Kim,&nbsp;Carlos Zenobi,&nbsp;María Jimena Marfil,&nbsp;Roberto Trigo,&nbsp;Néstor Eduardo Pérez,&nbsp;María Gabriela Cáceres,&nbsp;Oscar Daniel Salomón","doi":"10.1111/zph.13189","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> are the most relevant among pathogenic mycobacteria, both belonging to the <i>M. tuberculosis</i> complex (MTC). Samples of blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and caseous tubercles were collected from a free-ranging juvenile black capuchin monkey (<i>Sapajus nigritus</i>) showing non-specific signs of illness. Macroscopic findings included emaciation, a caseous lesion in a tooth and gingiva, disseminated nodules in both lungs and left kidney parenchyma and caseous nodules on the pleura and mesentery. The lesions suggested MTC infection, a diagnosis subsequently supported in the lung by bacilloscopy, immunochromatography and PCR. A multiplex PCR further validated the presence of <i>M. bovis</i> genes. Cases of tuberculosis in platyrrhine primates have only been reported in animals maintained in captivity. We describe for the first time the pathological and molecular findings of <i>M. bovis</i> infection in a free-ranging platyrrhine monkey within an area of intense human–wildlife interaction, which has important implications from a One Health perspective.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 1","pages":"95-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}