Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献_第6页

Phylogenetic Study of cox1 Gene in Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato Genotypes in Southwestern Iran 伊朗西南部细粒棘球绦虫基因型cox1基因的系统发育研究。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13220

Ali Jamshidi, Mohammad Amin Ghatee, Ali Haniloo, Asghar Fazaeli, Mohamad Sabaghan

Introduction

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious global health concern. CE is an endemic zoonotic disease in Iran. The substantial genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus is closely linked to its life cycle, transmission mechanisms and pathogenesis. This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic structure of the genotypes of E. granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) in southwestern Iran (SWI).

Methods

Seventy-two hydatid cyst samples were collected from various intermediate hosts, including goats, cattle, sheep, camels, buffalo and humans, primarily from the lungs, liver, spleen and heart of livestock slaughtered in local and industrial abattoirs, as well as from patients in several hospitals (Namazi, Golestan, Arvand and Shahid Beheshti) in southwestern Iran (Bushehr, Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad and Khuzestan provinces).

Results

Sequence analysis revealed three genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. in the SWI: G₁ (n = 69, 95.8%), G₃(n = 1, 1.4%) and genotype like G₆/G₇ (n = 2, 2.8%). Twenty-one different haplotypes were identified in this study. According to the phylogenetic tree topology, the cox1 gene sequence similarities can be shown for some G₁ and G₆/G₇ isolates in some vast areas, but these genotypes generally show a heterogeneous population worldwide. High similarity was shown between G₃ isolates from some countries (Spain, Turkey, India and Iran) and different hosts (sheep, human and buffalo).

Conclusions

The presence of the G₆/G₇ genotype in the SWI may be due to the transmission of this genotype from other regions or the role of camel/wild boar and other possible intermediate hosts in the expansion of this genotype in the SWI. The results of the present study can be used in CE control programs, molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies in Iran and other countries for future goals.

囊性棘球蚴病（CE）是一个严重的全球性健康问题。CE是伊朗的一种地方性人畜共患疾病。细粒棘球绦虫丰富的遗传多样性与其生命周期、传播机制和发病机制密切相关。本研究旨在探讨伊朗西南部地区浅感细粒棘球绦虫（e granulosus sensu lato, s.l.）基因型的系统发育结构。方法：从各种中间宿主（包括山羊、牛、绵羊、骆驼、水牛和人类）收集了72份包虫样本，主要来自伊朗西南部（布什尔、法尔斯、科吉卢耶、博耶拉艾哈迈德和胡齐斯坦省）当地和工业屠宰场屠宰的牲畜的肺、肝、脾和心脏，以及几家医院（纳马齐、戈列斯坦、阿尔万和沙希德·贝赫什蒂）的患者。结果：序列分析显示SWI中存在3种基因型：G1 （n = 69, 95.8%）、G3（n = 1, 1.4%）和G6/G7 （n = 2, 2.8%）。本研究共鉴定出21种不同的单倍型。根据系统发育树拓扑结构，部分G1和G6/G7分离株的cox1基因序列具有相似性，但这些基因型在世界范围内普遍表现为异质群体。来自某些国家（西班牙、土耳其、印度和伊朗）和不同宿主（绵羊、人类和水牛）的G3分离株具有高度相似性。结论：G6/G7基因型在西南地区的存在可能是由于该基因型从其他地区传播，或者骆驼/野猪和其他可能的中间宿主在该基因型在西南地区的扩展中发挥了作用。本研究结果可用于伊朗及其他国家的CE控制程序、分子流行病学和系统发育研究。

{"title":"Phylogenetic Study of cox1 Gene in Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato Genotypes in Southwestern Iran","authors":"Ali Jamshidi, Mohammad Amin Ghatee, Ali Haniloo, Asghar Fazaeli, Mohamad Sabaghan","doi":"10.1111/zph.13220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious global health concern. CE is an endemic zoonotic disease in Iran. The substantial genetic diversity of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> is closely linked to its life cycle, transmission mechanisms and pathogenesis. This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic structure of the genotypes of <i>E. granulosus</i> sensu lato (s.l.) in southwestern Iran (SWI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-two hydatid cyst samples were collected from various intermediate hosts, including goats, cattle, sheep, camels, buffalo and humans, primarily from the lungs, liver, spleen and heart of livestock slaughtered in local and industrial abattoirs, as well as from patients in several hospitals (Namazi, Golestan, Arvand and Shahid Beheshti) in southwestern Iran (Bushehr, Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad and Khuzestan provinces).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sequence analysis revealed three genotypes of <i>E. granulosus</i> s.l. in the SWI: G<sub>1</sub> (<i>n</i> = 69, 95.8%), G<sub>3</sub>(<i>n</i> = 1, 1.4%) and genotype like G<sub>6</sub>/G<sub>7</sub> (<i>n</i> = 2, 2.8%). Twenty-one different haplotypes were identified in this study. According to the phylogenetic tree topology, the <i>cox</i>1 gene sequence similarities can be shown for some G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>6</sub>/G<sub>7</sub> isolates in some vast areas, but these genotypes generally show a heterogeneous population worldwide. High similarity was shown between G<sub>3</sub> isolates from some countries (Spain, Turkey, India and Iran) and different hosts (sheep, human and buffalo).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of the G<sub>6</sub>/G<sub>7</sub> genotype in the SWI may be due to the transmission of this genotype from other regions or the role of camel/wild boar and other possible intermediate hosts in the expansion of this genotype in the SWI. The results of the present study can be used in CE control programs, molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies in Iran and other countries for future goals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 5","pages":"435-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasmataceae in Ticks From Domestic Animals in Northern Colombia 哥伦比亚北部家畜蜱中的立克次体和无原体科。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13219

Maria Badillo-Viloria, Salim Mattar, Susana Remesar, Steffania de la Rosa-Jaramillo, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Jorge Miranda, Aránzazu Portillo, Cristina Cervera-Acedo, José Antonio Oteo, David Cano-Terriza

Introduction

Tick-borne diseases have a significant impact on public and animal health and represent a considerable financial burden on livestock farming. However, in many regions of Latin America, comprehensive epidemiological data, including species identification, geographical distribution and molecular profiling of ticks and their associated pathogens, remain scarce. The aims of the present study were: 1) to establish the distribution of tick species collected from domestic animals and 2) to molecularly characterise the rickettsial bacteria present in ticks from the department of Atlántico, area Caribe, Colombia.

Methods

Between January 2021 and March 2022, ticks were collected from 216 cattle and 72 sympatric domestic animals (38 dogs, 31 equids and 3 goats) on 28 farms. Specimens were identified and grouped into 297 pools. Molecular detection and characterisation of the pathogens were carried out by targeting the partial gltA, ompA, ompB and 16S rRNA genes of Rickettsia and the partial 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes of Anaplasmataceae.

Results

A total of 1541 ticks were collected, and four species belonging to the genera Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor and Amblyomma were identified. A total of 137 out of 288 animals (47.6%) were infested with a mean infection rate of 9.7 ± SD 6.8 ticks per animal. Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasmataceae DNA were detected in 2.7% (MIR: 0.5%) and 15.5% (MIR: 0.3%) of the tick pools, respectively. The obtained sequences showed high nucleotide identity (99%–100%) with sequences of Candidatus Rickettsia colombiensis, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia minasensis.

Conclusion

Our data represent the first description of Dermacentor nitens and Amblyomma patinoi in the Atlantic region of the Colombian Caribbean. Considering the risk that the tick and rickettsial species represent for public and animal health, monitoring and control programmes are necessary to prevent the spread of tick-borne pathogenic bacteria to humans.

蜱传疾病对公众和动物健康产生重大影响，并对畜牧业构成相当大的经济负担。然而，在拉丁美洲的许多地区，全面的流行病学数据，包括蜱及其相关病原体的物种鉴定、地理分布和分子谱，仍然很少。本研究的目的是：1)确定从家畜身上收集的蜱的分布；2)对哥伦比亚加勒比地区Atlántico部门蜱中存在的立克次体细菌进行分子表征。方法：于2021年1月至2022年3月，在28个农场采集216头牛和72只同域家畜（犬38只、马31只、山羊3只）的蜱虫。对标本进行鉴定并分组到297个池中。利用立克次体gltA、ompA、ompB和16S rRNA部分基因以及无形体科23S rRNA和16S rRNA部分基因对病原菌进行分子检测和鉴定。结果：共采集到蜱1541只，鉴定出蜱属4种，隶属于头蜱属、皮蜱属和钝蜱属。288只动物中有137只（47.6%）被感染，平均感染率为9.7±SD 6.8只。蜱池中分别检出2.7% （MIR: 0.5%）和15.5% （MIR: 0.3%）立克次体和无浆体科DNA。所得序列与哥伦比亚立克次体、边缘无形体、高原无形体、犬埃利希体和米纳斯埃利希体序列核苷酸同源性高（99% ~ 100%）。结论：我们的数据首次描述了哥伦比亚加勒比海大西洋地区的皮肤病和patinoi弱视瘤。考虑到蜱和立克次体物种对公众和动物健康构成的风险，有必要制定监测和控制规划，以防止蜱传致病菌向人类传播。

{"title":"Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasmataceae in Ticks From Domestic Animals in Northern Colombia","authors":"Maria Badillo-Viloria, Salim Mattar, Susana Remesar, Steffania de la Rosa-Jaramillo, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Jorge Miranda, Aránzazu Portillo, Cristina Cervera-Acedo, José Antonio Oteo, David Cano-Terriza","doi":"10.1111/zph.13219","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13219","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tick-borne diseases have a significant impact on public and animal health and represent a considerable financial burden on livestock farming. However, in many regions of Latin America, comprehensive epidemiological data, including species identification, geographical distribution and molecular profiling of ticks and their associated pathogens, remain scarce. The aims of the present study were: 1) to establish the distribution of tick species collected from domestic animals and 2) to molecularly characterise the rickettsial bacteria present in ticks from the department of Atlántico, area Caribe, Colombia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between January 2021 and March 2022, ticks were collected from 216 cattle and 72 sympatric domestic animals (38 dogs, 31 equids and 3 goats) on 28 farms. Specimens were identified and grouped into 297 pools. Molecular detection and characterisation of the pathogens were carried out by targeting the partial <i>gltA</i>, <i>ompA, ompB</i> and 16S rRNA genes of <i>Rickettsia</i> and the partial 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes of <i>Anaplasmataceae</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1541 ticks were collected, and four species belonging to the genera <i>Rhipicephalus</i>, <i>Dermacentor</i> and <i>Amblyomma</i> were identified. A total of 137 out of 288 animals (47.6%) were infested with a mean infection rate of 9.7 ± SD 6.8 ticks per animal. <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. and Anaplasmataceae DNA were detected in 2.7% (MIR: 0.5%) and 15.5% (MIR: 0.3%) of the tick pools, respectively. The obtained sequences showed high nucleotide identity (99%–100%) with sequences of <i>Candidatus</i> Rickettsia colombiensis, <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, <i>Anaplasma platys</i>, <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Ehrlichia minasensis</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data represent the first description of <i>Dermacentor nitens</i> and <i>Amblyomma patinoi</i> in the Atlantic region of the Colombian Caribbean. Considering the risk that the tick and rickettsial species represent for public and animal health, monitoring and control programmes are necessary to prevent the spread of tick-borne pathogenic bacteria to humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 5","pages":"421-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Mammals: Lack of Detection in Cattle With Respiratory Tract Infections and Genetic Analysis of Sporadic Spillover Infections in Wild Mammals in Bavaria, Southern Germany, 2022–2023 哺乳动物高致病性禽流感病毒：在德国南部巴伐利亚州牛呼吸道感染中缺乏检测和野生哺乳动物散发溢出感染的遗传分析，2022-2023。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13217

Natali Paravinja, Lorena Herrmann, Isabella Dzijan, Monika Rinder, Antonie Neubauer-Juric

Background

In 2021, the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs) emerged on the American continent. At the same time, a further global spread took place. Infections have been reported in avian species as well as in over 50 mammalian species in 26 countries, and often result in severe disease with notable neurological pathology. Outbreaks in dairy cattle in the United States in 2024 illustrate viral transmission at a non-traditional interface and cross-species transmission. This development raises significant global concern regarding the virus's potential for wider spread. Given that H5N1 infections in birds reached record-high levels in Germany by late 2022, it is important to investigate whether Influenza A Virus (IAV) infections were also occurring in mammals sharing habitats with wild birds.

Methods and Results

Selected wild and domestic mammal populations were monitored over a two-year period (from January 2022 to December 2023), which coincided with a major infection period in wild birds in Bavaria. Genomes of Highly Pathogenic Avian IAV H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) were detected in red foxes but not in samples from ruminants such as red deer or domestic cattle. Analyses of viral whole genome sequences revealed several mutations associated with mammalian adaptation.

Conclusion

Our results indicate a high frequency of spillover events to red foxes at a time when there was a peak of H5N1 infections in wild birds in Bavaria. Phylogenetic analyses show no specifically close genetic relationship between viruses detected in mammalian predators within a geographic area. While direct fox-to-fox transmission has not yet been reported, the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b AIVs' ability to spread through non-traditional interfaces and to cross species barriers underlines the importance of continuous IAV surveillance in mammals and possibly including previously unknown host species.

背景：2021年，H5N1分支2.3.4.4b禽流感病毒（AIVs）在美洲大陆出现。与此同时，进一步的全球传播发生了。据报告，在26个国家的鸟类和50多种哺乳动物中都有感染，并常常导致严重的疾病，伴有明显的神经病理学。2024年在美国奶牛中爆发的疫情说明了病毒在非传统界面和跨物种传播中的传播。这一事态发展引起了全球对该病毒可能更广泛传播的严重关切。鉴于到2022年底德国鸟类中的H5N1感染达到创纪录的高水平，调查甲型流感病毒（IAV）感染是否也发生在与野生鸟类共享栖息地的哺乳动物中很重要。方法和结果：对选定的野生和家养哺乳动物种群进行了为期两年的监测（2022年1月至2023年12月），这与巴伐利亚野生鸟类的主要感染期相吻合。在红狐中检测到高致病性禽流感H5N1（进化支2.3.4.4b）基因组，但在马鹿或家畜等反刍动物样本中未检测到。对病毒全基因组序列的分析揭示了一些与哺乳动物适应相关的突变。结论：我们的研究结果表明，在巴伐利亚州野生鸟类H5N1感染高峰期，赤狐感染的外溢事件频率较高。系统发育分析表明，在同一地理区域的哺乳动物捕食者中发现的病毒之间没有特别密切的遗传关系。虽然尚未报告狐狸与狐狸之间的直接传播，但H5N1进化分支2.3.4.4b aiv通过非传统界面传播和跨越物种屏障的能力强调了在哺乳动物中持续监测IAV的重要性，可能包括以前未知的宿主物种。

{"title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Mammals: Lack of Detection in Cattle With Respiratory Tract Infections and Genetic Analysis of Sporadic Spillover Infections in Wild Mammals in Bavaria, Southern Germany, 2022–2023","authors":"Natali Paravinja, Lorena Herrmann, Isabella Dzijan, Monika Rinder, Antonie Neubauer-Juric","doi":"10.1111/zph.13217","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2021, the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs) emerged on the American continent. At the same time, a further global spread took place. Infections have been reported in avian species as well as in over 50 mammalian species in 26 countries, and often result in severe disease with notable neurological pathology. Outbreaks in dairy cattle in the United States in 2024 illustrate viral transmission at a non-traditional interface and cross-species transmission. This development raises significant global concern regarding the virus's potential for wider spread. Given that H5N1 infections in birds reached record-high levels in Germany by late 2022, it is important to investigate whether Influenza A Virus (IAV) infections were also occurring in mammals sharing habitats with wild birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Selected wild and domestic mammal populations were monitored over a two-year period (from January 2022 to December 2023), which coincided with a major infection period in wild birds in Bavaria. Genomes of Highly Pathogenic Avian IAV H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) were detected in red foxes but not in samples from ruminants such as red deer or domestic cattle. Analyses of viral whole genome sequences revealed several mutations associated with mammalian adaptation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate a high frequency of spillover events to red foxes at a time when there was a peak of H5N1 infections in wild birds in Bavaria. Phylogenetic analyses show no specifically close genetic relationship between viruses detected in mammalian predators within a geographic area. While direct fox-to-fox transmission has not yet been reported, the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b AIVs' ability to spread through non-traditional interfaces and to cross species barriers underlines the importance of continuous IAV surveillance in mammals and possibly including previously unknown host species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 4","pages":"400-419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low Certainty of Evidence and Heterogeneity Dominate in Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Drug Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock—The Example of Cattle and Salmonella 在家畜抗菌药使用和耐药性的系统综述中，证据的低确定性和异质性占主导地位——以牛和沙门氏菌为例。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13218

Daniel D. Taylor, Jane G. Pouzou, Solenne Costard, Hanna Kiryluk, Francisco J. Zagmutt

Introduction

Predicting the public health impact of policies limiting antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock requires quantifying the link between AMU and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Using cattle and Salmonella as an example, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) (PROSPERO #CRD42023399764) to elucidate AMU's impact on AMR in bacteria from animals raised both conventionally (CONV) and without AMU (RWA).

Methods

Using a predefined population (cattle), intervention (AMU), comparison (CONV vs. RWA), and outcome (AMR in Salmonella or commensal Escherichia coli) framework, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. We estimated pooled odds ratios (POR) describing the association between AMU and Salmonella prevalence, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistances and evaluated evidence certainty using a GRADE approach. Predictive intervals (PIs) incorporating heterogeneity (τ²) were calculated along with POR to illustrate the effect of between-study differences on association estimates.

Results

Poor evidence certainty was driven by a high risk of bias, imprecise odds ratio estimates, and inconsistency among the included studies. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, and PIs reflected non-significant associations for all AMR outcomes.

Conclusions

Given the poor certainty of evidence and between-studies differences, pooled estimates should not be trusted, necessitating a suitable alternative to estimate the effects of AMU reduction on human health.

前言：预测限制牲畜抗菌素使用（AMU）政策对公共卫生的影响，需要量化AMU与食源性病原体抗菌素耐药性（AMR）之间的联系。以牛和沙门氏菌为例，我们进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析（SRMA）（PROSPERO #CRD42023399764），以阐明AMU对常规饲养（CONV）和不饲养（RWA）动物细菌AMR的影响。方法：使用预定义的种群（牛）、干预（AMU）、比较（CONV vs. RWA）和结果（沙门氏菌或共生大肠杆菌的AMR）框架，36项研究符合纳入标准。我们估计了描述AMU与沙门氏菌患病率、四环素、环丙沙星和第三代头孢菌素（3GC）耐药性之间关系的合并优势比（POR），并使用GRADE方法评估了证据确定性。结合异质性（τ2）的预测区间（pi）与POR一起计算，以说明研究间差异对关联估计的影响。结果：低证据确定性是由高偏倚风险、不精确的优势比估计和纳入研究之间的不一致造成的。观察到实质性的异质性，PIs反映了所有AMR结果的非显著相关性。结论：鉴于证据的不确定性和研究之间的差异，汇总估计不应该是可信的，需要一个合适的替代方法来估计AMU减少对人类健康的影响。

{"title":"Low Certainty of Evidence and Heterogeneity Dominate in Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Drug Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock—The Example of Cattle and Salmonella","authors":"Daniel D. Taylor, Jane G. Pouzou, Solenne Costard, Hanna Kiryluk, Francisco J. Zagmutt","doi":"10.1111/zph.13218","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Predicting the public health impact of policies limiting antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock requires quantifying the link between AMU and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Using cattle and <i>Salmonella</i> as an example, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) (PROSPERO #CRD42023399764) to elucidate AMU's impact on AMR in bacteria from animals raised both conventionally (CONV) and without AMU (RWA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a predefined population (cattle), intervention (AMU), comparison (CONV vs. RWA), and outcome (AMR in <i>Salmonella</i> or commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i>) framework, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. We estimated pooled odds ratios (POR) describing the association between AMU and <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistances and evaluated evidence certainty using a GRADE approach. Predictive intervals (PIs) incorporating heterogeneity (<i>τ</i><sup>2</sup>) were calculated along with POR to illustrate the effect of between-study differences on association estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor evidence certainty was driven by a high risk of bias, imprecise odds ratio estimates, and inconsistency among the included studies. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, and PIs reflected non-significant associations for all AMR outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the poor certainty of evidence and between-studies differences, pooled estimates should not be trusted, necessitating a suitable alternative to estimate the effects of AMU reduction on human health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 4","pages":"390-399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High Mycobacterium bovis Exposure but Low IGRA Positivity in UK Farm Workers 英国农场工人高牛分枝杆菌暴露但低IGRA阳性。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13214

Amy Thomas, Alice Halliday, Genevieve Clapp, Ross Symonds, Noreen Hopewell-Kelly, Carmel McGrath, Lucy Wheeler, Anna Dacey, Nigel Noel, Andrea Turner, Isabel Oliver, James Wood, Ed Moran, Paul Virgo, James Tiller, Paul Upton, Andrew Mitchell, Anu Goenka, Ellen Brooks-Pollock

Background

Between 1999 and 2021, 505 culture-confirmed cases of M. bovis disease in humans (zoonotic tuberculosis, TB) were diagnosed in England. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of M. bovis infection in persons exposed to TB-infected cattle in England and identify any risk factors associated with latent TB infection (LTBI) in this population.

Methods

We co-developed a retrospective cohort study in Southwest England, a bovine TB high risk area, with members of the UK farming community. A questionnaire captured participant characteristics, behaviours and farming practices. Linkage with historical herd testing data was used to categorise participants as low, medium or high risk for TB exposure. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity with Quantiferon was used to determine LTBI status and linked to questionnaire data.

Results

We recruited 90 participants at agricultural shows and a standalone event. Participants were farmers/farm workers (76/90) and veterinary professionals (10/90). Median age was 45.5 years (IQR: 19–77); 63% were male; 67% reported BCG vaccination. M. bovis exposure was via direct contact with infected cattle and consumption of raw milk. One participant in the high-risk group was IGRA positive, all other participants were IGRA negative. Estimated IGRA positivity rate was 1.1% (95% CI 0.058%–7.0%) in all participants and 4.0% (95% CI 0.21%–22%) in participants with high exposure levels.

Conclusions

We found limited LTBI in individuals in contact with TB-infected cattle in England, despite high and prolonged exposure. We identified a high-risk group of farmers who should be prioritised for future engagement.

背景：1999年至2021年间，英国诊断出505例人类牛支原体病（人畜共患结核病，TB）培养确诊病例。我们的目的是估计英国暴露于结核感染牛的人群中牛支原体感染的流行程度，并确定该人群中与潜伏结核感染（LTBI）相关的任何危险因素。方法：我们与英国农业社区的成员在英格兰西南部牛结核病高风险地区共同开展了一项回顾性队列研究。一份问卷记录了参与者的特征、行为和耕作方式。与历史群体测试数据的联系被用于将参与者分类为结核病暴露的低、中或高风险。干扰素γ释放试验（IGRA）与Quantiferon阳性用于确定LTBI状态，并与问卷数据相关联。结果：我们在农业展览和一个独立活动中招募了90名参与者。参与者为农民/农场工人（76/90）和兽医专业人员（10/90）。中位年龄45.5岁（IQR: 19-77）；63%为男性；67%报告接种了卡介苗。接触牛支原体是通过直接接触受感染的牛和食用原料奶。高危组1例IGRA阳性，其余均为IGRA阴性。估计IGRA阳性率在所有参与者中为1.1% (95% CI 0.058%-7.0%)，在高暴露水平的参与者中为4.0% （95% CI 0.21%-22%）。结论：我们发现在英格兰与感染结核病的牛接触的个体LTBI有限，尽管暴露时间长且高。我们确定了一个高风险的农民群体，他们应该优先考虑未来的参与。

{"title":"High Mycobacterium bovis Exposure but Low IGRA Positivity in UK Farm Workers","authors":"Amy Thomas, Alice Halliday, Genevieve Clapp, Ross Symonds, Noreen Hopewell-Kelly, Carmel McGrath, Lucy Wheeler, Anna Dacey, Nigel Noel, Andrea Turner, Isabel Oliver, James Wood, Ed Moran, Paul Virgo, James Tiller, Paul Upton, Andrew Mitchell, Anu Goenka, Ellen Brooks-Pollock","doi":"10.1111/zph.13214","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13214","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 1999 and 2021, 505 culture-confirmed cases of <i>M. bovis</i> disease in humans (zoonotic tuberculosis, TB) were diagnosed in England. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of <i>M. bovis</i> infection in persons exposed to TB-infected cattle in England and identify any risk factors associated with latent TB infection (LTBI) in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We co-developed a retrospective cohort study in Southwest England, a bovine TB high risk area, with members of the UK farming community. A questionnaire captured participant characteristics, behaviours and farming practices. Linkage with historical herd testing data was used to categorise participants as low, medium or high risk for TB exposure. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity with Quantiferon was used to determine LTBI status and linked to questionnaire data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited 90 participants at agricultural shows and a standalone event. Participants were farmers/farm workers (76/90) and veterinary professionals (10/90). Median age was 45.5 years (IQR: 19–77); 63% were male; 67% reported BCG vaccination. <i>M. bovis</i> exposure was via direct contact with infected cattle and consumption of raw milk. One participant in the high-risk group was IGRA positive, all other participants were IGRA negative. Estimated IGRA positivity rate was 1.1% (95% CI 0.058%–7.0%) in all participants and 4.0% (95% CI 0.21%–22%) in participants with high exposure levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found limited LTBI in individuals in contact with TB-infected cattle in England, despite high and prolonged exposure. We identified a high-risk group of farmers who should be prioritised for future engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 4","pages":"369-378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Risk Factors for the Contamination of Cattle Carcasses With Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Provincially Licensed Abattoirs in Ontario, Canada, Based on Molecular Surveillance 基于分子监测的加拿大安大略省省级许可屠宰场产志贺毒素大肠杆菌污染牛尸体的流行率和危险因素

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13215

Sarah Adam, David L. Pearl, Andrew Papadopoulos

Introduction

Reducing the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important responsibility of provincial abattoirs to ensure safe products are entering the human food chain. Currently, within Ontario, provincial abattoirs are mandated to apply various antimicrobial treatments to cattle carcasses to help decrease pathogen presence post-slaughter. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of contamination of O157 and non-O157 STEC in carcasses from Ontario provincial abattoirs.

Methods

Using mixed logistic regression models, we examined the associations between cattle characteristics, season, monitoring program and abattoir interventions on carcass contamination with E. coli O157:H7, non-O157:H7 STEC and the top six non-O157:H7 STEC of concern to public health (i.e., O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145). Random effects for abattoir and the area in which an abattoir was located were included in these models to adjust for clustering at these levels. The STEC examined was detected through two provincial molecular-based monitoring programs.

Results

Samples taken in the summer had significantly greater odds of screening positive for the top six STEC compared to samples taken in the fall and winter months. Similar seasonal effects were observed for E. coli O157:H7, but for only one of the monitoring programs (i.e., seasonal effects were modified by a monitoring program). Carcasses that received dry age treatment had significantly lower odds of screening positive for STEC. Samples collected from veal calf and cow carcasses had significantly greater odds of screening positive for STEC than samples taken from the carcasses of steers or heifers, but not bulls. Most of the variance in carcass contamination was explained at the carcass level.

Conclusions

These results suggest that additional efforts in risk mitigation should focus on cattle of certain demographic characteristics and higher risk seasons and that additional carcass-level interventions be explored.

导论：减少产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC）的流行是省级屠宰场确保安全产品进入人类食物链的一项重要责任。目前，在安大略省，省级屠宰场被授权对牛尸体进行各种抗菌处理，以帮助减少屠宰后病原体的存在。本研究的目的是确定安大略省屠宰场尸体中O157和非O157产志贺毒素大肠杆菌污染的流行程度。方法：采用混合logistic回归模型，研究了牛的特性、季节、监测方案和屠宰场干预措施与O157:H7大肠杆菌、非O157:H7 STEC以及最受公众关注的6种非O157:H7 STEC （O26、O45、O103、O111、O121和O145）胴体污染的关系。这些模型包括屠宰场和屠宰场所在地区的随机效应，以调整这些水平上的聚集性。检测的产志毒素大肠杆菌是通过两个省级分子监测项目检测到的。结果：与秋季和冬季月份采集的样本相比，夏季采集的样本对前六种产志贺毒素大肠杆菌筛查阳性的几率明显更高。在大肠杆菌O157:H7中也观察到类似的季节性效应，但只有一个监测程序（即，季节性效应被监测程序修改）。接受干龄处理的胴体产志贺毒素大肠杆菌筛查阳性的几率显著降低。从小牛肉和母牛尸体中采集的样本对产志毒素大肠杆菌筛查阳性的几率明显高于从阉牛或小母牛尸体中采集的样本，但公牛没有。屠体污染的大部分变异是在屠体水平上解释的。结论：这些结果表明，风险缓解的额外努力应集中在某些人口统计学特征和高风险季节的牛身上，并探索额外的胴体水平干预措施。

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for the Contamination of Cattle Carcasses With Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Provincially Licensed Abattoirs in Ontario, Canada, Based on Molecular Surveillance","authors":"Sarah Adam, David L. Pearl, Andrew Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1111/zph.13215","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reducing the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) is an important responsibility of provincial abattoirs to ensure safe products are entering the human food chain. Currently, within Ontario, provincial abattoirs are mandated to apply various antimicrobial treatments to cattle carcasses to help decrease pathogen presence post-slaughter. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of contamination of O157 and non-O157 STEC in carcasses from Ontario provincial abattoirs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using mixed logistic regression models, we examined the associations between cattle characteristics, season, monitoring program and abattoir interventions on carcass contamination with <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7, non-O157:H7 STEC and the top six non-O157:H7 STEC of concern to public health (i.e., O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145). Random effects for abattoir and the area in which an abattoir was located were included in these models to adjust for clustering at these levels. The STEC examined was detected through two provincial molecular-based monitoring programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Samples taken in the summer had significantly greater odds of screening positive for the top six STEC compared to samples taken in the fall and winter months. Similar seasonal effects were observed for <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7, but for only one of the monitoring programs (i.e., seasonal effects were modified by a monitoring program). Carcasses that received dry age treatment had significantly lower odds of screening positive for STEC. Samples collected from veal calf and cow carcasses had significantly greater odds of screening positive for STEC than samples taken from the carcasses of steers or heifers, but not bulls. Most of the variance in carcass contamination was explained at the carcass level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that additional efforts in risk mitigation should focus on cattle of certain demographic characteristics and higher risk seasons and that additional carcass-level interventions be explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 4","pages":"379-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Milk and Milk Products in Europe 欧洲牛奶和奶制品中蜱传脑炎病毒流行情况的系统综述。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13216

Laura Tomassone, Elisa Martello, Alessandro Mannelli, Aurora Vicentini, Céline M. Gossner, Jo Leonardi-Bee

Background

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most significant zoonotic diseases in Europe. It primarily spreads through the bites of infected ticks and, less frequently, through consumption of raw milk and dairy products from viremic domestic ruminants.

Aims

Assess the prevalence of TBEV or anti-TBEV antibodies in milk and milk products from domestic ruminants in Europe.

Materials and Methods

Systematic literature review adhering to the JBI methodology, and reported following the PRISMA framework.

Results

From the 16 included scientific articles, we extracted 35 data collections (31 on raw milk and 4 on raw milk cheese); studies focused on cow (n = 15), goat (n = 11) and sheep milk (n = 5), goat (n = 3) and cow/goat cheese (n = 1). Fifteen data collections involved individual milk and 16 bulk milk samples. The estimated prevalence of TBEV in individual raw milk and cheese was 6% and 3%, respectively. TBEV prevalence in bulk milk was very heterogeneous, with most values either 0% or 100%.

Discussion

Although published research on TBEV transmission to humans through milk and dairy products in the EU countries is limited, our results highlight the potential infection risk for consumers. The variable prevalence reported in the studies may reflect the focal nature of TBEV.

Conclusion

Studies on unpasteurised dairy products from domestic ruminants can be valuable for the detection of TBEV presence in a geographic area, even when human cases are not reported. Thanks to the ease of sample collection, their testing could be adopted in monitoring plans on TBEV.

背景：蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）是欧洲最重要的人畜共患疾病之一。它主要通过受感染蜱虫的叮咬传播，少数情况下通过食用生牛奶和产自带病毒的家养反刍动物的乳制品传播。目的：评估TBEV或抗TBEV抗体在欧洲国内反刍动物的牛奶和奶制品中的流行程度。材料与方法：采用JBI方法进行系统文献综述，并按照PRISMA框架进行报道。结果：从16篇纳入的科学文章中，我们提取了35个数据集（31个关于原料奶，4个关于原料奶奶酪）；研究集中在牛（n = 15）、山羊（n = 11）和羊奶（n = 5）、山羊（n = 3）和牛/山羊奶酪（n = 1）。15个数据收集涉及个人牛奶和16个散装牛奶样本。在单个原料牛奶和奶酪中，TBEV的估计患病率分别为6%和3%。散装牛奶中的bev患病率非常不均匀，大多数值为0%或100%。讨论：尽管已发表的关于欧盟国家通过牛奶和乳制品将TBEV传播给人类的研究有限，但我们的研究结果强调了消费者的潜在感染风险。研究中报告的不同患病率可能反映了TBEV的局灶性。结论：对来自家养反刍动物的未经巴氏消毒的乳制品进行研究，即使在未报告人类病例的情况下，也可对某一地理区域的TBEV检测具有价值。由于样品采集方便，它们的检测可以被采用在TBEV的监测计划中。

{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Milk and Milk Products in Europe","authors":"Laura Tomassone, Elisa Martello, Alessandro Mannelli, Aurora Vicentini, Céline M. Gossner, Jo Leonardi-Bee","doi":"10.1111/zph.13216","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13216","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most significant zoonotic diseases in Europe. It primarily spreads through the bites of infected ticks and, less frequently, through consumption of raw milk and dairy products from viremic domestic ruminants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess the prevalence of TBEV or anti-TBEV antibodies in milk and milk products from domestic ruminants in Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systematic literature review adhering to the JBI methodology, and reported following the PRISMA framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From the 16 included scientific articles, we extracted 35 data collections (31 on raw milk and 4 on raw milk cheese); studies focused on cow (<i>n</i> = 15), goat (<i>n</i> = 11) and sheep milk (<i>n</i> = 5), goat (<i>n</i> = 3) and cow/goat cheese (<i>n</i> = 1). Fifteen data collections involved individual milk and 16 bulk milk samples. The estimated prevalence of TBEV in individual raw milk and cheese was 6% and 3%, respectively. TBEV prevalence in bulk milk was very heterogeneous, with most values either 0% or 100%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although published research on TBEV transmission to humans through milk and dairy products in the EU countries is limited, our results highlight the potential infection risk for consumers. The variable prevalence reported in the studies may reflect the focal nature of TBEV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies on unpasteurised dairy products from domestic ruminants can be valuable for the detection of TBEV presence in a geographic area, even when human cases are not reported. Thanks to the ease of sample collection, their testing could be adopted in monitoring plans on TBEV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":"248-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lower Bird Evenness and Diversity Are Associated With Higher Usutu Prevalence in Culex pipiens Mosquitoes 较低的鸟类均匀度和多样性与较高的常住流行率有关。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13213

Victor Rodriguez-Valencia, Marie-Marie Olive, Gilbert Le Goff, Marine Faisse, Christophe Paupy, David Roiz

Introduction

The mosquito-transmitted Usutu virus has spread in the last few years, becoming endemic in several areas of Europe, such as in the southern French region of the Camargue. Our aim was to study the relationships between the presence of the viral agent in Culex mosquitoes and the structure of bird communities in the context of the dilution effect.

Methods

We carried out mosquito and bird censuses in several selected localities across a land-use gradient and screened mosquito pools for flaviviruses. We focused on exploring how host bird diversity, richness, abundance and evenness were associated with Usutu detection in Cx. pipiens.

Results

Usutu virus was detected in seven pools of Cx. pipiens, and phylogenetic analysis identified Usutu lineage Africa 3, confirming its circulation. The probability of detection in mosquitoes is associated with areas with lower bird evenness and diversity but higher bird abundance and richness and higher Cx. pipiens abundances.

Conclusions

Bird evenness was the variable with the greatest explanatory power, being negatively related to the probability of detecting Usutu in Cx. pipiens, supporting a dilution effect. These results will help us better understand the relationships between bird community structure and the risk of Usutu mosquito-borne disease.

导言：蚊子传播的Usutu病毒在过去几年中已经传播，在欧洲的几个地区，如法国南部的卡马格地区，成为地方病。我们的目的是在稀释效应的背景下，研究库蚊中病毒剂的存在与鸟类群落结构的关系。方法：在不同土地利用梯度的几个选定地点进行蚊子和鸟类普查，并筛选蚊子池中的黄病毒。我们重点探讨寄主鸟类多样性、丰富度、丰度和均匀度与Cx的Usutu检测之间的关系。侵害。结果：在Cx的7个池中检测到Usutu病毒。系统发育分析鉴定出乌苏图非洲3系，证实其传播。蚊子的检测概率与鸟类均匀度和多样性较低但鸟类丰度和丰富度较高和Cx较高的地区有关。侵害丰度。结论：鸟类均匀度是最具解释力的变量，与Cx中发现Usutu的概率呈负相关。这是一种稀释效应。这些结果将有助于我们更好地了解鸟类群落结构与乌苏图蚊媒疾病风险之间的关系。

{"title":"Lower Bird Evenness and Diversity Are Associated With Higher Usutu Prevalence in Culex pipiens Mosquitoes","authors":"Victor Rodriguez-Valencia, Marie-Marie Olive, Gilbert Le Goff, Marine Faisse, Christophe Paupy, David Roiz","doi":"10.1111/zph.13213","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13213","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mosquito-transmitted Usutu virus has spread in the last few years, becoming endemic in several areas of Europe, such as in the southern French region of the Camargue. Our aim was to study the relationships between the presence of the viral agent in <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes and the structure of bird communities in the context of the dilution effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We carried out mosquito and bird censuses in several selected localities across a land-use gradient and screened mosquito pools for flaviviruses. We focused on exploring how host bird diversity, richness, abundance and evenness were associated with Usutu detection in <i>Cx. pipiens.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Usutu virus was detected in seven pools of <i>Cx. pipiens</i>, and phylogenetic analysis identified Usutu lineage Africa 3, confirming its circulation. The probability of detection in mosquitoes is associated with areas with lower bird evenness and diversity but higher bird abundance and richness and higher <i>Cx. pipiens</i> abundances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bird evenness was the variable with the greatest explanatory power, being negatively related to the probability of detecting Usutu in <i>Cx. pipiens</i>, supporting a dilution effect. These results will help us better understand the relationships between bird community structure and the risk of Usutu mosquito-borne disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 4","pages":"359-368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the Effect of a Changing Climate on the Re-Emergence of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Vulnerable Small Island Nations: A Systematic Review 了解气候变化对脆弱的小岛屿国家蚊媒疾病重新出现的影响：系统综述。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13212

Mohabeer Teeluck, Oyelola Adegboye, Stephan Karl, Diana P. Iyaloo, Emma McBryde

Introduction

Drastic changes in meteorological variables due to climate change will likely have an implication on the proliferation of vectors such as mosquitoes. Extreme weather events may therefore promote the emergence/re-emergence of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) and potentiate the risk of endemicity, particularly, in small island nations.

Method

A systematic review was chosen to methodically ascertain the knowledge gaps that exist in determining the influence of the changing climate on MBDs in small islands with vulnerable public health systems. This review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Following extraction of 600 articles from the databases, 16 studies were determined to meet the selection criteria. The majority of these research papers were from Sri Lanka (n = 9) while the remaining articles were distributed between islands in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. Several of these studies used regression modelling techniques to discuss the effect of multiple meteorological variables on the incidence of MBDs. A positive relationship was observed between temperature and the relative risk of MBDs in 72% of the papers. Rainfall enhanced dengue transmission in 84% of the studies included. All the articles discussing the effect of humidity illustrated a similar trend while wind speed was the only climatic variable demonstrating a negative relationship with MBDs.

Discussion

Considering the intricate nature of the non-linear exposure–response link is crucial when estimating the lagged effect of the changing climate on MBDs transmission. Other challenges associated with bias and confounders in the selected studies as well as meteorological data accessibility, were highlighted. Therefore, it was not possible to conclusively establish that the changing climatic variables do influence the spread of MBDs which accentuated the need for conducting further studies to illustrate the effect of changing weather variables on the incidence of MBDs, with an emphasis on vulnerable small island nations.

导言：气候变化引起的气象变量的剧烈变化可能会对蚊子等病媒的扩散产生影响。因此，极端天气事件可能促进蚊媒疾病的出现/再次出现，并增加地方性流行的风险，特别是在小岛屿国家。方法：采用系统综述的方法，系统地确定在确定气候变化对公共卫生系统脆弱的小岛屿MBDs的影响方面存在的知识差距。该审查是根据PRISMA指南进行的。结果：从数据库中提取600篇文章后，确定了16项研究符合选择标准。这些研究论文大多数来自斯里兰卡（n = 9），而其余的文章分布在太平洋和大西洋的岛屿之间。其中一些研究使用回归建模技术来讨论多种气象变量对mbd发病率的影响。72%的论文观察到温度与mbd的相对风险呈正相关。在纳入的84%的研究中，降雨增强了登革热传播。所有讨论湿度影响的文章都显示出类似的趋势，而风速是唯一显示与MBDs负相关的气候变量。讨论：在估计气候变化对MBDs传播的滞后效应时，考虑非线性暴露-响应联系的复杂性质是至关重要的。他们强调了与选定研究中的偏见和混杂因素以及气象数据可及性有关的其他挑战。因此，不可能最终确定不断变化的气候变量确实影响MBDs的传播，这就强调需要进行进一步的研究，以说明不断变化的天气变量对MBDs发病率的影响，重点是脆弱的小岛屿国家。

{"title":"Understanding the Effect of a Changing Climate on the Re-Emergence of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Vulnerable Small Island Nations: A Systematic Review","authors":"Mohabeer Teeluck, Oyelola Adegboye, Stephan Karl, Diana P. Iyaloo, Emma McBryde","doi":"10.1111/zph.13212","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13212","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drastic changes in meteorological variables due to climate change will likely have an implication on the proliferation of vectors such as mosquitoes. Extreme weather events may therefore promote the emergence/re-emergence of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) and potentiate the risk of endemicity, particularly, in small island nations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review was chosen to methodically ascertain the knowledge gaps that exist in determining the influence of the changing climate on MBDs in small islands with vulnerable public health systems. This review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following extraction of 600 articles from the databases, 16 studies were determined to meet the selection criteria. The majority of these research papers were from Sri Lanka (<i>n</i> = 9) while the remaining articles were distributed between islands in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. Several of these studies used regression modelling techniques to discuss the effect of multiple meteorological variables on the incidence of MBDs. A positive relationship was observed between temperature and the relative risk of MBDs in 72% of the papers. Rainfall enhanced dengue transmission in 84% of the studies included. All the articles discussing the effect of humidity illustrated a similar trend while wind speed was the only climatic variable demonstrating a negative relationship with MBDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Considering the intricate nature of the non-linear exposure–response link is crucial when estimating the lagged effect of the changing climate on MBDs transmission. Other challenges associated with bias and confounders in the selected studies as well as meteorological data accessibility, were highlighted. Therefore, it was not possible to conclusively establish that the changing climatic variables do influence the spread of MBDs which accentuated the need for conducting further studies to illustrate the effect of changing weather variables on the incidence of MBDs, with an emphasis on vulnerable small island nations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":"223-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potential Zoonotic Infections Transmitted by Free-Ranging Macaques in Human–Monkey Conflict Areas in Thailand 泰国人猴冲突地区自由放养的猕猴可能传播的人畜共患传染病。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13211

Sarin Suwanpakdee, Benjaporn Bhusri, Aeknarin Saechin, Chalisa Mongkolphan, Siriporn Tangsudjai, Parut Suksai, Supakarn Kaewchot, Rattana Sariwongchan, Piya Sereerak, Ladawan Sariya

Introduction

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) can transmit zoonotic diseases to humans because of their close genetic relationship, facilitating the cross-species transmission of certain pathogens. In Thailand, Macaca is the most common NHP genus and their inhabits area are in close proximity of human, particularly in urban and suburban areas, where frequent interactions with humans increase the risk of pathogen transmission. The risk is influenced by factors such as the type of pathogen, the mode of transmission (e.g. direct contact or vector-borne), and the density of human and macaque populations in the regions. This study aims to investigate potential zoonotic infections in free-ranging macaques residing in human–monkey conflict areas.

Methods

From 2014 to 2023, 2703 macaques across 29 provinces in Thailand were tested for 18 pathogens using PCR, RT-PCR, or real-time PCR. The associations between disease occurrence, demographic variables, and sample types of macaques were analysed using univariable and multivariable regression.

Results

The overall pathogen infection percentage was 35.7% (965/2703). Simian foamy virus (SFV) had the highest infection percentage at 52.5% (759/1446), followed by Herpesviridae at 41.4% (353/852), Plasmodium spp. at 1.8% (14/758), and hepatitis B virus at 0.1% (2/1403). Significant differences were observed among different sampling sites, macaque age groups, and species in infection proportion of SFV, and Herpesviridae.

Conclusions

Identifying the pathogens carried by macaques is crucial for preparing for potential disease epidemics and outbreaks.

简介：非人灵长类动物（NHPs）由于其密切的遗传关系，可以将人畜共患疾病传播给人类，促进了某些病原体的跨物种传播。在泰国，猕猴是最常见的NHP属，它们的栖息地靠近人类，特别是在城市和郊区，与人类的频繁相互作用增加了病原体传播的风险。这种风险受到病原体类型、传播方式（例如直接接触或媒介传播）以及该地区人类和猕猴种群密度等因素的影响。本研究旨在调查居住在人猴冲突地区的自由放养猕猴的潜在人畜共患病情况。方法：2014 - 2023年，对泰国29个省2703只猕猴进行了18种致病菌的PCR、RT-PCR和real-time PCR检测。使用单变量和多变量回归分析了疾病发生、人口统计学变量和猕猴样本类型之间的关系。结果：总病原菌感染率为35.7%（965/2703）。猿猴泡沫病毒（SFV）感染率最高，为52.5%(759/1446)，其次是疱疹病毒科（41.4%）（353/852）、疟原虫（1.8%）（14/758）和乙型肝炎病毒（0.1%）（2/1403）。SFV和疱疹病毒科的感染比例在不同采样点、不同年龄组和不同种类的猕猴中存在显著差异。结论：鉴定猕猴携带的病原体对预防潜在的疾病流行和暴发至关重要。

{"title":"Potential Zoonotic Infections Transmitted by Free-Ranging Macaques in Human–Monkey Conflict Areas in Thailand","authors":"Sarin Suwanpakdee, Benjaporn Bhusri, Aeknarin Saechin, Chalisa Mongkolphan, Siriporn Tangsudjai, Parut Suksai, Supakarn Kaewchot, Rattana Sariwongchan, Piya Sereerak, Ladawan Sariya","doi":"10.1111/zph.13211","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13211","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonhuman primates (NHPs) can transmit zoonotic diseases to humans because of their close genetic relationship, facilitating the cross-species transmission of certain pathogens. In Thailand, <i>Macaca</i> is the most common NHP genus and their inhabits area are in close proximity of human, particularly in urban and suburban areas, where frequent interactions with humans increase the risk of pathogen transmission. The risk is influenced by factors such as the type of pathogen, the mode of transmission (e.g. direct contact or vector-borne), and the density of human and macaque populations in the regions. This study aims to investigate potential zoonotic infections in free-ranging macaques residing in human–monkey conflict areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2014 to 2023, 2703 macaques across 29 provinces in Thailand were tested for 18 pathogens using PCR, RT-PCR, or real-time PCR. The associations between disease occurrence, demographic variables, and sample types of macaques were analysed using univariable and multivariable regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall pathogen infection percentage was 35.7% (965/2703). Simian foamy virus (SFV) had the highest infection percentage at 52.5% (759/1446), followed by Herpesviridae at 41.4% (353/852), <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. at 1.8% (14/758), and hepatitis B virus at 0.1% (2/1403). Significant differences were observed among different sampling sites, macaque age groups, and species in infection proportion of SFV, and Herpesviridae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying the pathogens carried by macaques is crucial for preparing for potential disease epidemics and outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 4","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0