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Outdoor worker knowledge of ticks and Lyme disease in Québec 魁北克户外工作者对蜱虫和莱姆病的了解。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13167
Erica Fellin, Mathieu Varin, Virginie Millien

Background and Aims

Lyme disease is a well-known occupational risk across North America caused by exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi via blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). As the geographic range of B. burgdorferi advances with the increasing distribution of blacklegged ticks, more outdoor workers are at risk of contracting Lyme disease. In this study, we examined the demography and personal perceptions of outdoor workers within one framework to better determine the overall risk for those working outdoors.

Methods and Results

We analysed outdoor worker knowledge of ticks and of behaviours that can prevent tick bites and Lyme disease. We then compared these risk perceptions of individuals across age, sex, education, and industry, as well as time spent outdoors. We tested the hypothesis that the risk perception of an individual and their knowledge of Lyme disease transmission was dependent on their demographics, experience in their job, and the region in which they spend time outdoors. We estimated a knowledge-based risk score based on individuals' answers to a questionnaire on risk perception given to voluntary participants who work outdoors. Those who had higher risk scores were more at risk. We found that knowledge-based risk scores were correlated with geographic risk levels and with the number of hours per day spent outdoors. Those who work longer hours and who work in areas with mid-level risk had higher risk scores. Those who spend more time outdoors recreationally had lower risk scores.

Conclusions

Further examination and acknowledgment of the reasoning behind why these factors are affecting workers' risks must be considered to recognize that it is not necessarily demographics or geographically high-risk areas that affect an individual's risk. Workers' knowledge of these risks is affected by several variables that should be taken into consideration when implementing safety measures and awareness programs.

背景和目的:莱姆病是北美地区一种众所周知的职业风险,它是通过黑腿蜱(Ixodes scapularis)接触博氏杆菌(Borrelia burgdorferi)引起的。随着黑腿蜱分布范围的扩大,布氏杆菌的地理分布范围也随之扩大,更多的户外工作者面临感染莱姆病的风险。在这项研究中,我们在一个框架内研究了户外工作者的人口统计和个人认知,以更好地确定户外工作者的总体风险:我们分析了户外工作者对蜱虫以及可预防蜱虫叮咬和莱姆病的行为的了解。然后,我们比较了不同年龄、性别、教育程度、行业以及户外工作时间的人对这些风险的认识。我们测试了一个假设,即个人的风险认知及其对莱姆病传播的了解取决于其人口统计学特征、工作经验以及户外活动时间所在地区。我们根据自愿参加户外工作的人对风险认知问卷的回答,估算出一个基于知识的风险分数。风险分数越高的人面临的风险越大。我们发现,基于知识的风险评分与地理风险水平和每天户外工作的小时数相关。那些工作时间较长和在中等风险地区工作的人风险得分较高。而户外休闲时间较长的人风险得分较低:必须进一步研究和认识这些因素影响工人风险的原因,认识到影响个人风险的不一定是人口统计或地理上的高风险地区。工人对这些风险的认识受多个变量的影响,在实施安全措施和提高认识计划时应将这些变量考虑在内。
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引用次数: 0
Reaching new lands: Updating the distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in South America with the first record in Argentina 到达新大陆:通过在阿根廷的首次记录,更新南美洲坎顿金尾鲃的分布。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13163
Diego Hancke, Noelia Guzman, Mariel Tripodi, Emiliano Muschetto, Olga Virginia Suárez

Background

Angiostrongylus cantonensis, commonly known as the rat lungworm, is a metastrongyloid nematode found primarily not only in tropical and subtropical regions but also in temperate areas and considered the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Synanthropic rodents such as Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus are the most frequent definitive hosts of this parasite.

Methods and Results

The presence of this parasite was detected in the pulmonary arteries of three specimens of R. norvegicus in the city of Buenos Aires representing the species' southernmost known record in natural hosts. Species confirmation was achieved through partial sequences of 18S and COI genes. By comparing the COI gene sequences with those available in GenBank through the construction of a haplotype network, we obtained that the analysed specimen presents high similarity with those reported in Japan and Southeast Asia.

Conclusions

All infected rats were captured in an area surrounding a port with significant import and export activity, suggesting that A. cantonensis may have been introduced through commercial ships. Specifically, the parasite was detected in a neighbourhood with vulnerable socio-economic conditions and in a nature reserve, which exhibit biotic and abiotic characteristics conducive to sustaining high-density rat populations, scattered waste, areas of spontaneous vegetation, debris accumulation and flooded areas or lagoons offering suitable habitats for intermediate hosts such as snails. Thus, the close proximity of the port to these sites creates a favourable ecological context for the establishment of A. cantonensis. This study shows the need to conduct research to detect A. cantonensis in non-endemic areas but with the characteristics that promote its arrival and development of its life cycle in order to implement control measures to prevent expansion of this parasite and its transmission to humans and other animals.

背景:广东鼠肺线虫(Angiostrongylus cantonensis)通常被称为鼠肺线虫,是一种中生代线虫,不仅主要存在于热带和亚热带地区,也存在于温带地区,被认为是导致人类嗜酸性脑膜炎的主要原因。啮齿类动物(如诺维格犬和鼠类)是这种寄生虫最常见的宿主:方法和结果:在布宜诺斯艾利斯市的三只无尾鼠标本的肺动脉中检测到了这种寄生虫,这是该物种在已知自然宿主中最南端的记录。物种确认是通过 18S 和 COI 基因的部分序列实现的。通过构建单倍型网络将 COI 基因序列与 GenBank 中的序列进行比较,我们发现所分析的标本与日本和东南亚报告的标本具有高度相似性:结论:所有受感染的老鼠都是在进出口活动频繁的港口周边地区捕获的,这表明坎顿金氏疟原虫可能是通过商船传入的。具体而言,在一个社会经济条件脆弱的社区和一个自然保护区内发现了这种寄生虫,这两个地区具有有利于维持高密度鼠群的生物和非生物特征,如散落的垃圾、自发植被区、碎屑堆积区以及为蜗牛等中间宿主提供合适栖息地的淹没区或泻湖。因此,港口与这些地点的近距离为 A. cantonensis 的建立创造了有利的生态环境。这项研究表明,有必要开展研究,在非地方病流行但具有促进坎顿金氏蜗牛到达和发展其生命周期的特征的地区检测坎顿金氏蜗牛,以便实施控制措施,防止这种寄生虫的扩展及其传播给人类和其他动物。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular characterization of rabies virus from wild and domestic animals in the Sultanate of Oman 阿曼苏丹国野生和家养动物狂犬病病毒的分子特征
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13164
Haytham Ali, Ahmed Ali, Julanda Al Mawly, Hossam G. Tohamy, Mahmoud S. El-Neweshy

Aims

Rabies virus (RV) is endemic in some Arabian countries. However, it is difficult to control RV without understanding the epidemiological evolution of endemic RV isolates. The current study aimed to characterize RV from domestic and wild animal clinical cases in Oman.

Methods and Results

Twelve brain samples from domestic (Five camels, three goats and one cattle) and wild animals (Two foxes and one honey badger) were investigated from different locations in Oman between 2017 and 2020. All samples were confirmed by RV nucleoprotein (N) gene-specific primers. Seven out of the 12 amplified samples were successfully sequenced and subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The detected RVs shared an in-between 96.8%–98.7% and 96.9%–99% nucleotide and amino acid identities, respectively. However, the wild animal RVs shared only 92.6%–93.9% and 95.9% nucleotide and amino acid identities with the domestic animal RVs, respectively. Negri bodies were detected histologically in six brain samples from camels (n = 3), goats (n = 1) and foxes (n = 2). The RVs from domestic animals shared 97%–98.7% and 98%–100% nucleotide and amino acid identities with the previously published fox RVs from Oman and Gulf countries. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all RV sequences belong to a distinct clade confined to the previously reported clade V within the Middle Eastern Cluster.

Conclusions

As indicated by the analysis of RVs from different locations between 2017 and 2020, a genetic variant isolated to the Gulf region may exist within the Middle East clade. Moreover, it appears that new RV lineages are emerging rapidly within this region. Therefore, a comprehensive genomic and phylogenetic analysis of the circulating RV is important for the development of future prevention and control strategies.

目的狂犬病毒(RV)在一些阿拉伯国家流行。然而,如果不了解地方性 RV 分离物的流行病学演变,就很难控制 RV。本研究旨在分析阿曼家养和野生动物临床病例中 RV 的特征。方法与结果在 2017 年至 2020 年期间,对来自阿曼不同地点的 12 份家养动物(5 头骆驼、3 只山羊和 1 头牛)和野生动物(2 只狐狸和 1 只蜜獾)的脑部样本进行了调查。所有样本均通过 RV 核蛋白(N)基因特异性引物进行了确认。12 份扩增样本中有 7 份成功测序,并进行了序列和系统发育分析。检测到的 RV 的核苷酸和氨基酸相同度分别在 96.8%-98.7% 和 96.9%-99% 之间。然而,野生动物 RV 与家养动物 RV 的核苷酸和氨基酸相同度分别只有 92.6%-93.9% 和 95.9%。在骆驼(3 个)、山羊(1 个)和狐狸(2 个)的 6 个脑样本中,从组织学角度检测到了内格里体。来自家畜的 RV 与之前发表的来自阿曼和海湾国家的狐狸 RV 的核苷酸和氨基酸相同度分别为 97%-98.7% 和 98%-100%。系统发生学分析表明,所有 RV 序列都属于一个独特的支系,局限于之前报告的中东支系群中的支系 V。结论通过对 2017 年至 2020 年期间来自不同地点的 RV 进行分析表明,中东支系中可能存在一个孤立于海湾地区的遗传变异体。此外,该地区似乎正在迅速出现新的 RV 系。因此,对循环 RV 进行全面的基因组和系统发育分析对于制定未来的预防和控制策略非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with school field trips at a farm animal exhibit—Tennessee, September–October 2023 2023年9月至10月,田纳西州,在农场动物展览中爆发与学校郊游有关的产志贺毒素大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7疫情。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13161
Christine M. Thomas, Allison Foster, Sarah Boop, David Kirschke, Hopelyn Mooney, Isabella Reid, Andrew S. May, Heather Mullins, Katie N. Garman, Mugdha Golwalkar, Jack H. Marr, Kelly Orejuela, Danny Ripley, Robin Rasnic, Erica Terrell, Lisa M. Durso, William Schaffner, Timothy F. Jones, Mary-Margaret A. Fill, John R. Dunn

Aims

In October 2023, the Tennessee Department of Health identified an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 infections among elementary school students who attended school field trips to the same farm animal exhibit. Our aim was to determine STEC source and prevent additional illnesses by initiating epidemiologic, laboratory and environmental investigations.

Methods and Results

We identified cases using laboratory-based surveillance and by surveying caregivers of children who attended the exhibit. Probable cases were defined as illness with abdominal cramps or diarrhoea after attendance; confirmed cases were laboratory-confirmed STEC infection in an attendee or household contact. A site visit was conducted, and event organizers were interviewed. Human stool, animal faeces and environmental samples were tested for STEC O157:H7 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Approximately 2300 elementary school students attended the animal exhibit during 2 days. Field trip activities included contact with different farm animal species, drinking pasteurized milk outside animal enclosures and eating lunch in a separate building onsite. We received survey responses from 399 caregivers for 443 (19%) animal exhibit attendees. We identified 9 confirmed and 55 probable cases with illness onset dates during 26 September to 12 October. Seven children aged 1–7 years were hospitalized. Four children aged 1–6 years experienced haemolytic uraemic syndrome; none died. Laboratory testing identified STEC O157:H7 by culture from eight human stool samples with 0–1 allele difference by WGS. Three environmental samples had Shiga toxin (stx 2) genes detected by PCR, but no STEC isolates were recovered by culture.

Conclusions

This is the largest reported STEC O157:H7 outbreak associated with an animal exhibit in Tennessee. We identified opportunities for educating school staff, event organizers and families about zoonotic disease risks associated with animal contact and published prevention measures.

目的:2023 年 10 月,田纳西州卫生部发现在参加学校组织的同一农场动物展览实地考察的小学生中爆发了产志贺毒素大肠杆菌 (STEC) O157:H7 感染。我们的目的是确定 STEC 的来源,并通过启动流行病学、实验室和环境调查来预防更多疾病的发生:我们通过实验室监测和调查参加展览儿童的看护人来确定病例。疑似病例的定义是参加展览后出现腹部绞痛或腹泻;确诊病例是参加展览者或家庭接触者感染 STEC 并经实验室确诊。对现场进行了考察,并对活动组织者进行了访谈。通过实时聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)、培养和全基因组测序 (WGS) 对人类粪便、动物粪便和环境样本进行了 STEC O157:H7 检测。约 2300 名小学生参加了为期两天的动物展览。实地考察活动包括接触不同种类的农场动物、在动物围栏外饮用巴氏杀菌牛奶以及在现场的一栋独立建筑内享用午餐。我们收到了 443 名(19%)动物展览参与者的 399 名护理人员的调查回复。我们确定了 9 个确诊病例和 55 个疑似病例,其发病日期为 9 月 26 日至 10 月 12 日。7 名 1-7 岁的儿童住院治疗。四名 1-6 岁儿童出现溶血性贫血综合症,但无一人死亡。实验室检测从 8 份人类粪便样本中通过培养鉴定出 STEC O157:H7,WGS 鉴定出等位基因差异为 0-1。三个环境样本通过 PCR 检测到志贺毒素(stx 2)基因,但培养未发现 STEC 分离物:这是田纳西州报告的与动物展览相关的最大一次 STEC O157:H7 疫情。我们发现了对学校教职员工、活动组织者和家庭进行与动物接触相关的人畜共患病风险教育的机会,并公布了预防措施。
{"title":"Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with school field trips at a farm animal exhibit—Tennessee, September–October 2023","authors":"Christine M. Thomas,&nbsp;Allison Foster,&nbsp;Sarah Boop,&nbsp;David Kirschke,&nbsp;Hopelyn Mooney,&nbsp;Isabella Reid,&nbsp;Andrew S. May,&nbsp;Heather Mullins,&nbsp;Katie N. Garman,&nbsp;Mugdha Golwalkar,&nbsp;Jack H. Marr,&nbsp;Kelly Orejuela,&nbsp;Danny Ripley,&nbsp;Robin Rasnic,&nbsp;Erica Terrell,&nbsp;Lisa M. Durso,&nbsp;William Schaffner,&nbsp;Timothy F. Jones,&nbsp;Mary-Margaret A. Fill,&nbsp;John R. Dunn","doi":"10.1111/zph.13161","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In October 2023, the Tennessee Department of Health identified an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) O157:H7 infections among elementary school students who attended school field trips to the same farm animal exhibit. Our aim was to determine STEC source and prevent additional illnesses by initiating epidemiologic, laboratory and environmental investigations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified cases using laboratory-based surveillance and by surveying caregivers of children who attended the exhibit. Probable cases were defined as illness with abdominal cramps or diarrhoea after attendance; confirmed cases were laboratory-confirmed STEC infection in an attendee or household contact. A site visit was conducted, and event organizers were interviewed. Human stool, animal faeces and environmental samples were tested for STEC O157:H7 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Approximately 2300 elementary school students attended the animal exhibit during 2 days. Field trip activities included contact with different farm animal species, drinking pasteurized milk outside animal enclosures and eating lunch in a separate building onsite. We received survey responses from 399 caregivers for 443 (19%) animal exhibit attendees. We identified 9 confirmed and 55 probable cases with illness onset dates during 26 September to 12 October. Seven children aged 1–7 years were hospitalized. Four children aged 1–6 years experienced haemolytic uraemic syndrome; none died. Laboratory testing identified STEC O157:H7 by culture from eight human stool samples with 0–1 allele difference by WGS. Three environmental samples had Shiga toxin (stx 2) genes detected by PCR, but no STEC isolates were recovered by culture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the largest reported STEC O157:H7 outbreak associated with an animal exhibit in Tennessee. We identified opportunities for educating school staff, event organizers and families about zoonotic disease risks associated with animal contact and published prevention measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"829-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife of northeastern Minnesota and Isle Royale National Park 明尼苏达州东北部和罗亚尔岛国家公园的野生动物中未发现 SARS-CoV-2 病毒。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13162
David Castañeda, Edmund J. Isaac, Benjamin P. Schnieders, Todd Kautz, Mark C. Romanski, Seth A. Moore, Matthew T. Aliota

Aims

We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging wildlife populations in Northeastern Minnesota on the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and Isle Royale National Park.

Methods and Results

One hundred twenty nasal samples were collected from white-tailed deer, moose, grey wolves and black bears monitored for conservation efforts during 2022–2023. Samples were tested for viral RNA by RT-qPCR using the CDC N1/N2 primer set. Our data indicate that no wildlife samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Conclusions

Continued surveillance is therefore crucial to better understand the changing landscape of zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 in the Upper Midwest.

目的:我们调查了明尼苏达州东北部大波蒂奇印第安保留地和罗亚尔岛国家公园中自由活动的野生动物种群中是否存在 SARS-CoV-2 病毒:在 2022-2023 年期间,对白尾鹿、驼鹿、灰狼和黑熊进行了监测,并收集了 120 份鼻腔样本。使用疾控中心 N1/N2 引物集通过 RT-qPCR 对样本进行病毒 RNA 检测。我们的数据表明,没有野生动物样本的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 呈阳性:因此,继续监测对于更好地了解上中西部地区人畜共患病 SARS-CoV-2 的变化情况至关重要。
{"title":"Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife of northeastern Minnesota and Isle Royale National Park","authors":"David Castañeda,&nbsp;Edmund J. Isaac,&nbsp;Benjamin P. Schnieders,&nbsp;Todd Kautz,&nbsp;Mark C. Romanski,&nbsp;Seth A. Moore,&nbsp;Matthew T. Aliota","doi":"10.1111/zph.13162","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging wildlife populations in Northeastern Minnesota on the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and Isle Royale National Park.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred twenty nasal samples were collected from white-tailed deer, moose, grey wolves and black bears monitored for conservation efforts during 2022–2023. Samples were tested for viral RNA by RT-qPCR using the CDC N1/N2 primer set. Our data indicate that no wildlife samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Continued surveillance is therefore crucial to better understand the changing landscape of zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 in the Upper Midwest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 6","pages":"744-747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular and spatial evaluation of small rodents and Didelphimorphis infected with Mycobacterium leprae in the southern Amazon, Brazil 对巴西亚马逊南部感染麻风分枝杆菌的小型啮齿类动物和Didelphimorphis进行分子和空间评估。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13160
Elderson Mariano de Souza Valois, Nathan Guilherme de Oliveira, Patrick Ricardo de Lázari, David José Ferreira da Silva, Raissa Campos Rotelli, Lavínia Cássia Ferreira Batista, Marcos Henrique Sobral, Bruna Eduarda Bortolomai, Amanda Juliane Finardi, Taal Levi, Carlos Augusto Peres, Roberta Vieira de Morais Bronzoni, Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Baptista

Background

The high levels of recent transmission of leprosy worldwide demonstrate the necessity of epidemiologic surveillance to understand and control its dissemination. Brazil remains the second in number of cases around the world, indicating active transmission of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) in the population. At this moment, there is a consensus that the bacillus is transmitted by inter-human contact, however, different serologic, molecular, and histopathological approaches indicate the existence of non-human transmission sources.

Methods and Results

The qPCR assay was used to amplify the molecular targets 16S RNAr and RLEP, in samples of liver, spleen, and ear of wild animals belonging to Didelphimorphia and Rodentia orders, in highly endemic areas of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The RLEP repetitive sequence was positive in 202 (89.0%) samples, with 96 (42.3%) of these also being positive for the 16S gene. Regarding the collection sites, it was observed that the animals were found in areas profoundly deforested, close to urban areas.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that wild animals can play an important role in the maintenance of M. leprae in endemic regions with major anthropic action in Brazil. Therefore, integrating human, animal, and environmental health care with the One Health initiative is highly efficient for the development of effective strategies to contain and control leprosy in Brazil.

背景:近期麻风病在全球范围内的高传播率表明,有必要进行流行病学监测,以了解和控制麻风病的传播。巴西的麻风病例数仍居世界第二位,这表明麻风分枝杆菌(M. leprae)在人群中的传播十分活跃。然而,不同的血清学、分子学和组织病理学方法表明存在非人类传播源:在巴西马托格罗索州的高流行区,使用 qPCR 方法扩增了属于双翅目和啮齿目野生动物肝脏、脾脏和耳朵样本中的分子目标 16S RNAr 和 RLEP。202 份样本(89.0%)的 RLEP 重复序列呈阳性,其中 96 份样本(42.3%)的 16S 基因也呈阳性。在采集地点方面,我们发现这些动物出现在森林严重砍伐的地区,靠近城市地区:我们的研究结果表明,在巴西人类活动频繁的地方病流行区,野生动物在麻风杆菌的维持中扮演着重要角色。因此,将人类、动物和环境卫生保健与 "同一健康 "倡议结合起来,对于制定有效的战略来遏制和控制巴西麻风病是非常有效的。
{"title":"Molecular and spatial evaluation of small rodents and Didelphimorphis infected with Mycobacterium leprae in the southern Amazon, Brazil","authors":"Elderson Mariano de Souza Valois,&nbsp;Nathan Guilherme de Oliveira,&nbsp;Patrick Ricardo de Lázari,&nbsp;David José Ferreira da Silva,&nbsp;Raissa Campos Rotelli,&nbsp;Lavínia Cássia Ferreira Batista,&nbsp;Marcos Henrique Sobral,&nbsp;Bruna Eduarda Bortolomai,&nbsp;Amanda Juliane Finardi,&nbsp;Taal Levi,&nbsp;Carlos Augusto Peres,&nbsp;Roberta Vieira de Morais Bronzoni,&nbsp;Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Baptista","doi":"10.1111/zph.13160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high levels of recent transmission of leprosy worldwide demonstrate the necessity of epidemiologic surveillance to understand and control its dissemination. Brazil remains the second in number of cases around the world, indicating active transmission of <i>Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae)</i> in the population. At this moment, there is a consensus that the bacillus is transmitted by inter-human contact, however, different serologic, molecular, and histopathological approaches indicate the existence of non-human transmission sources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The qPCR assay was used to amplify the molecular targets 16S RNAr and RLEP, in samples of liver, spleen, and ear of wild animals belonging to Didelphimorphia and Rodentia orders, in highly endemic areas of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The RLEP repetitive sequence was positive in 202 (89.0%) samples, with 96 (42.3%) of these also being positive for the 16S gene. Regarding the collection sites, it was observed that the animals were found in areas profoundly deforested, close to urban areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that wild animals can play an important role in the maintenance of <i>M. leprae</i> in endemic regions with major anthropic action in Brazil. Therefore, integrating human, animal, and environmental health care with the One Health initiative is highly efficient for the development of effective strategies to contain and control leprosy in Brazil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 6","pages":"736-743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in African lions (Panthera leo) and humans at Utah's Hogle Zoo, USA, 2021–22 2021-22 年美国犹他州霍格尔动物园非洲狮(Panthera leo)和人类中的 SARS-CoV-2 delta 变种。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13156
Heather Oltjen, Erika Crook, William A. Lanier, Hannah Rettler, Kelly F. Oakeson, Erin L. Young, Mia Torchetti, Arnaud J. Van Wettere

Aims

We conducted a One Health investigation to assess the source and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in African lions (Panthera leo) at Utah's Hogle Zoo in Salt Lake City from October 2021 to February 2022.

Methods and Results

Following observation of respiratory illness in the lions, zoo staff collected pooled faecal samples and individual nasal swabs from four lions. All specimens tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The resulting investigation included: lion observation; RT-PCR testing of lion faeces every 1–7 days; RT-PCR testing of lion respiratory specimens every 2–3 weeks; staff interviews and RT-PCR testing; whole-genome sequencing of viruses from lions and staff; and comparison with existing SARS-CoV-2 human community surveillance sequences. In addition to all five lions, three staff displayed respiratory symptoms. All lions recovered and no hospitalizations or deaths were reported among staff. Three staff reported close contact with the lions in the 10 days before lion illness onset, one of whom developed symptoms and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on days 3 and 4, respectively, after lion illness onset. The other two did not report symptoms or test positive. Two staff who did not have close contact with the lions were symptomatic and tested positive on days 5 and 8, respectively, after lion illness onset. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in lion faeces for 33 days and in lion respiratory specimens for 14 weeks after illness onset. The viruses from lions were genetically highly related to those from staff and two contemporaneous surveillance specimens from Salt Lake County; all were delta variants (AY.44).

Conclusions

We did not determine the sources of these infections, although human-to-lion transmission likely occurred. The observed period of respiratory shedding was longer than in previously documented SARS-CoV-2 infections in large felids, indicating the need to further assess duration and potential implications of shedding.

目的:2021 年 10 月至 2022 年 2 月期间,我们在盐湖城犹他州霍格尔动物园开展了一项 "统一健康调查",以评估非洲狮(Panthera leo)感染 SARS-CoV-2 的来源和传播动态:在观察到狮子呼吸道疾病后,动物园工作人员采集了四头狮子的粪便样本和鼻拭子样本。通过反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR),所有样本的 SARS-CoV-2 检测结果均呈阳性。调查结果包括:观察狮子;每 1-7 天对狮子粪便进行一次 RT-PCR 检测;每 2-3 周对狮子呼吸道标本进行一次 RT-PCR 检测;对工作人员进行访谈和 RT-PCR 检测;对狮子和工作人员身上的病毒进行全基因组测序;以及与现有的 SARS-CoV-2 人类社区监测序列进行比较。除全部五头狮子外,还有三名工作人员出现呼吸道症状。所有狮子均已康复,没有工作人员住院或死亡的报告。据报告,有三名工作人员在狮子发病前的 10 天内与狮子有过密切接触,其中一人在狮子发病后的第 3 天和第 4 天出现症状,并在 SARS-CoV-2 检测中呈阳性反应。另外两人没有出现症状,检测结果也呈阳性。两名与狮子没有密切接触的工作人员分别在狮子发病后的第 5 天和第 8 天出现症状,检测结果呈阳性。发病后 33 天,我们在狮子粪便中检测到 SARS-CoV-2 RNA,14 周后在狮子呼吸道标本中检测到 SARS-CoV-2 RNA。狮子体内的病毒与工作人员体内的病毒以及盐湖县的两份同期监测标本的病毒在基因上高度相关;所有病毒都是 delta 变种(AY.44):我们没有确定这些感染的来源,尽管很可能发生了人对狮子的传播。观察到的呼吸道脱落期比以前记录的大型猫科动物感染 SARS-CoV-2 的时间要长,这表明有必要进一步评估脱落的持续时间和潜在影响。
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引用次数: 0
Bartonella species in dromedaries and ruminants from Lower Shabelle and Benadir regions, Somalia 索马里下谢贝利州和贝纳迪尔州单峰驼和反刍动物中的巴顿氏菌。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13158
Aamir M. Osman, Ahmed A. Hassan-Kadle, Clara Morato Dias, Abdalla M. Ibrahim, Flávia C. M. Collere, Mohamed A. Shair, Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira, Marcos R. André, Abdulkarim A. Yusuf, Thállitha S. W. J. Vieira, Rosangela Z. Machado, Rafael F. C. Vieira

Background

Bartonellosis, caused by bacteria of the genus Bartonella, is a zoonotic disease with several mammalian reservoir hosts. In Somalia, a country heavily reliant on livestock, zoonotic diseases pose significant public health and economic challenges. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed aiming to verify the occurrence of Bartonella spp. in Somalia. This study investigated the occurrence and molecular characterization of Bartonella in dromedary (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus, 1758), cattle, sheep, and goats from Somalia.

Materials and Methods

530 blood samples were collected from various animals (155 dromedary, 199 goat, 131 cattle, and 45 sheep) in Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions. DNA was extracted for molecular analysis, and a qPCR assay targeting the NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG) gene was used for Bartonella screening. Positive samples were also subjected to PCR assays targeting seven molecular markers including: nuoG, citrate synthase gene (gltA), RNA polymerase beta-subunit gene (rpoB), riboflavin synthase gene (ribC), 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene (groEL), cell division protein gene (ftsZ), and pap31 and qPCR targeting the 16-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) followed by Sanger sequencing, BLASTn and phylogenetic analysis.

Results

Out of 530 tested animals, 5.1% were positive for Bartonella spp. by the nuoG qPCR assay. Goats showed the highest Bartonella occurrence (17/199, 8.5%), followed by sheep (6/44, 6.8%), cattle (4/131, 3.1%), and dromedary (1/155, 1.9%). Goats, sheep, and cattle had higher odds of infection compared to dromedary. Among nuoG qPCR-positive samples, 11.1%, 14.8%, 11.1%, and 25.9% were positive in PCR assays based on nuoG, gltA, and pap31 genes, and in the qPCR based on the ITS region, respectively. On the other hand, nuoG qPCR-positive samples were negative in the PCR assays targeting the ribC, rpoB, ftsZ, and groEL genes. While Bartonella bovis sequences were detected in cattle (nuoG and ITS) and goats (gltA), Bartonella henselae ITS sequences were detected in dromedary, goat, and sheep. Phylogenetic analysis placed gltA Bartonella sequence from a goat in the same clade of B. bovis.

Conclusion

The present study showed, for t

背景:由巴顿氏菌属细菌引起的巴顿氏菌病是一种人畜共患病,有几种哺乳动物宿主。索马里是一个严重依赖牲畜的国家,人畜共患病给公共卫生和经济带来了巨大挑战。据我们所知,还没有任何研究旨在验证巴顿氏菌属在索马里的存在。本研究调查了索马里单峰骆驼(Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus, 1758)、牛、绵羊和山羊中巴顿氏菌的发生和分子特征。材料和方法:从贝纳迪尔和下谢贝利地区的各种动物(155 只单峰骆驼、199 只山羊、131 只牛和 45 只绵羊)中采集了 530 份血液样本。提取 DNA 进行分子分析,并使用针对 NADH 脱氢酶 gamma 亚基 (nuoG) 基因的 qPCR 分析法筛查巴顿氏菌。对阳性样本还进行了针对七个分子标记的 PCR 检测,包括nuoG、柠檬酸合成酶基因(gltA)、RNA 聚合酶 beta 亚基基因(rpoB)、核黄素合成酶基因(ribC)、60 kDa 热休克蛋白基因(groEL)、细胞分裂蛋白基因(ftsZ)和 pap31,以及针对 16-23S rRNA 内部转录间隔(ITS)的 qPCR,然后进行桑格测序、BLASTn 和系统进化分析。结果在 530 只接受检测的动物中,5.1% 通过 nuoG qPCR 检测对巴顿氏菌属呈阳性。山羊的巴顿氏菌感染率最高(17/199,8.5%),其次是绵羊(6/44,6.8%)、牛(4/131,3.1%)和单峰驼(1/155,1.9%)。与单峰驼相比,山羊、绵羊和牛的感染几率更高。在 nuoG qPCR 阳性样本中,基于 nuoG、gltA 和 pap31 基因的 PCR 检测以及基于 ITS 区域的 qPCR 检测分别有 11.1%、14.8%、11.1% 和 25.9% 呈阳性。另一方面,nuoG qPCR 阳性样本在针对 ribC、rpoB、tsZ 和 groEL 基因的 PCR 检测中呈阴性。在牛(nuoG 和 ITS)和山羊(gltA)中检测到了牛巴顿氏菌序列,而在单峰驼、山羊和绵羊中检测到了鸡巴顿氏菌 ITS 序列。系统发育分析将山羊的 gltA 巴顿氏菌序列归入 B. bovis 的同一支系:本研究首次在全球范围内发现了索马里单峰驼和反刍动物中的巴顿氏菌属以及绵羊和山羊中的亨氏巴顿氏菌属的分子证据。这些发现有助于深入了解巴顿氏菌在索马里牲畜中的发生情况,突出了在 "一个健康 "方法下采取全面监测和控制措施的必要性。
{"title":"Bartonella species in dromedaries and ruminants from Lower Shabelle and Benadir regions, Somalia","authors":"Aamir M. Osman,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Hassan-Kadle,&nbsp;Clara Morato Dias,&nbsp;Abdalla M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Flávia C. M. Collere,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Shair,&nbsp;Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira,&nbsp;Marcos R. André,&nbsp;Abdulkarim A. Yusuf,&nbsp;Thállitha S. W. J. Vieira,&nbsp;Rosangela Z. Machado,&nbsp;Rafael F. C. Vieira","doi":"10.1111/zph.13158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bartonellosis, caused by bacteria of the genus <i>Bartonella</i>, is a zoonotic disease with several mammalian reservoir hosts. In Somalia, a country heavily reliant on livestock, zoonotic diseases pose significant public health and economic challenges. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed aiming to verify the occurrence of <i>Bartonella</i> spp. in Somalia. This study investigated the occurrence and molecular characterization of <i>Bartonella</i> in dromedary (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>, Linnaeus, 1758), cattle, sheep, and goats from Somalia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>530 blood samples were collected from various animals (155 dromedary, 199 goat, 131 cattle, and 45 sheep) in Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions. DNA was extracted for molecular analysis, and a qPCR assay targeting the NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (<i>nuoG</i>) gene was used for <i>Bartonella</i> screening. Positive samples were also subjected to PCR assays targeting seven molecular markers including: <i>nuoG</i>, citrate synthase gene (<i>gltA</i>), RNA polymerase beta-subunit gene (<i>rpoB</i>), riboflavin synthase gene (ribC), 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene (<i>groEL</i>), cell division protein gene (<i>ftsZ</i>), and <i>pap31</i> and qPCR targeting the 16-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) followed by Sanger sequencing, BLASTn and phylogenetic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 530 tested animals, 5.1% were positive for <i>Bartonella</i> spp. by the <i>nuoG</i> qPCR assay. Goats showed the highest <i>Bartonella</i> occurrence (17/199, 8.5%), followed by sheep (6/44, 6.8%), cattle (4/131, 3.1%), and dromedary (1/155, 1.9%). Goats, sheep, and cattle had higher odds of infection compared to dromedary. Among <i>nuoG</i> qPCR-positive samples, 11.1%, 14.8%, 11.1%, and 25.9% were positive in PCR assays based on <i>nuoG</i>, <i>gltA</i>, and <i>pap31</i> genes, and in the qPCR based on the ITS region, respectively. On the other hand, <i>nuoG</i> qPCR-positive samples were negative in the PCR assays targeting the <i>ribC</i>, <i>rpoB</i>, <i>ftsZ</i>, and <i>groEL</i> genes. While <i>Bartonella bovis</i> sequences were detected in cattle (<i>nuoG</i> and ITS) and goats (<i>gltA</i>), <i>Bartonella henselae</i> ITS sequences were detected in dromedary, goat, and sheep. Phylogenetic analysis placed <i>gltA Bartonella</i> sequence from a goat in the same clade of <i>B. bovis</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study showed, for t","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 5","pages":"568-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geographic range and minimum infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Manitoba, Canada from 1995 to 2017 1995 年至 2017 年加拿大马尼托巴省弓形虫(Acari: Ixodidae)蜱中包柔氏包虫病、噬胞嗜血无形体(Anaplasma phagocytophilum)、细小巴贝西亚原虫(Babesia microti)和宫本包柔氏包虫病的地理分布范围和最低感染率。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13159
Cheryl Pei Zhen Foo, Catherine Gayle Sutcliffe, Antonia Dibernardo, Leslie Robbin Lindsay

Introduction

The expanding geographical range of blacklegged ticks (BLTs), Ixodes scapularis, and its ability to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi poses an emerging public health risk. Our study determined the geographic distribution and the minimum infection rate (MIR) of B. burgdorferi-, A. phagocytophilum-, Ba. microti-, and B. miyamotoi-infected BLTs in Manitoba submitted to the Public Health Agency of Canada's passive tick surveillance programme from 1995 to 2017.

Methods

Regression models were used to test the association of the MIR by year for each pathogen. Ticks were tested using PCR for B. burgdorferi since 1995, A. phagocytophilum since 2006, and Ba. microti and B. miyamotoi since 2013. The global positioning system coordinates of infected and uninfected ticks submitted during the surveillance period were plotted on a map of Manitoba using ArcGIS Pro version 3.1.2 to detect changes in the geographic distribution of ticks over time.

Results

The overall MIR for B. burgdorferi was 139.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 129.0–150.5) per 1000 BLTs; however, it varied over time. After remaining stable from 1995 to 2005, the MIR increased by 12.1 per 1000 BLTs per year from 2005 to 2017 (95% CI: 7.0%–17.2%, p-value <0.01). The geographic distribution of B. burgdorferi-infected BLTs was centred around Winnipeg, Manitoba, and spread outward from this locality. The MIRs of A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and B. miyamotoi were 44.8 per 1000 BLTs (95% CI: 38.1–51.6), 10.8 (95% CI: 6.6–15.0), and 5.2 (95% CI: 2.3–8.1) per 1000 BLTs, respectively, and showed no significant change over time.

Conclusion

Passive surveillance revealed the presence of A. phagocytophilum-, Ba. microti-, and B. miyamotoi-infected BLTs in southern Manitoba and revealed an increased risk of exposure to B. burgdorferi-infected BLTs due to the increasing geographic range and MIR.

导言:黑腿蜱(Ixodes scapularis)的地理分布范围不断扩大,其传播勃氏包柔氏菌(Borrelia burgdorferi)、噬细胞无形体(Anaplasma phagocytophilum)、细小巴贝西亚原虫(Babesia microti)和宫本氏包柔氏菌(Borrelia miyamotoi)的能力对公共健康构成了新的威胁。我们的研究确定了 1995 年至 2017 年期间马尼托巴省提交给加拿大公共卫生署被动蜱虫监测计划的布氏杆菌、噬细胞嗜血杆菌、微小巴氏杆菌和宫本氏杆菌感染的 BLT 的地理分布和最低感染率(MIR):方法:使用回归模型来检验每种病原体的MIR与年份的关联性。自 1995 年以来,使用 PCR 对蜱虫进行了 B. burgdorferi 检测;自 2006 年以来,使用 PCR 对噬菌体进行了 A. phagocytophilum 检测;自 2013 年以来,使用 PCR 对 Ba. microti 和 B. miyamotoi 进行了检测。使用 ArcGIS Pro 3.1.2 版将监测期间提交的受感染和未感染蜱虫的全球定位系统坐标绘制在马尼托巴省地图上,以检测蜱虫地理分布随时间的变化:结果:布氏杆菌的总体MIR为每1000个BLT中139.7个(95%置信区间[CI]:129.0-150.5),但随着时间的推移而变化。在 1995 年至 2005 年期间保持稳定之后,2005 年至 2017 年期间,每 1000 个无菌水箱的 MIR 每年增加了 12.1(95% CI:7.0%-17.2%,P 值 结论):被动监测显示,马尼托巴省南部存在噬细胞嗜血杆菌、微小芽孢杆菌和宫本芽孢杆菌感染的BLT,并且由于地理范围和MIR的增加,暴露于B. burgdorferi感染的BLT的风险增加。
{"title":"Geographic range and minimum infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Manitoba, Canada from 1995 to 2017","authors":"Cheryl Pei Zhen Foo,&nbsp;Catherine Gayle Sutcliffe,&nbsp;Antonia Dibernardo,&nbsp;Leslie Robbin Lindsay","doi":"10.1111/zph.13159","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The expanding geographical range of blacklegged ticks (BLTs), <i>Ixodes scapularis</i>, and its ability to transmit <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, <i>Babesia microti</i>, and <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i> poses an emerging public health risk. Our study determined the geographic distribution and the minimum infection rate (MIR) of <i>B</i>. <i>burgdorferi-</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>phagocytophilum-</i>, <i>Ba</i>. <i>microti</i>-, and <i>B</i>. <i>miyamotoi-</i>infected BLTs in Manitoba submitted to the Public Health Agency of Canada's passive tick surveillance programme from 1995 to 2017.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regression models were used to test the association of the MIR by year for each pathogen. Ticks were tested using PCR for <i>B. burgdorferi</i> since 1995, <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> since 2006, and <i>Ba. microti</i> and <i>B. miyamotoi</i> since 2013. The global positioning system coordinates of infected and uninfected ticks submitted during the surveillance period were plotted on a map of Manitoba using ArcGIS Pro version 3.1.2 to detect changes in the geographic distribution of ticks over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall MIR for <i>B</i>. <i>burgdorferi</i> was 139.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 129.0–150.5) per 1000 BLTs; however, it varied over time. After remaining stable from 1995 to 2005, the MIR increased by 12.1 per 1000 BLTs per year from 2005 to 2017 (95% CI: 7.0%–17.2%, <i>p</i>-value &lt;0.01). The geographic distribution of <i>B</i>. <i>burgdorferi</i>-infected BLTs was centred around Winnipeg, Manitoba, and spread outward from this locality. The MIRs of <i>A</i>. <i>phagocytophilum</i>, <i>Ba. microti</i>, and <i>B. miyamotoi</i> were 44.8 per 1000 BLTs (95% CI: 38.1–51.6), 10.8 (95% CI: 6.6–15.0), and 5.2 (95% CI: 2.3–8.1) per 1000 BLTs, respectively, and showed no significant change over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Passive surveillance revealed the presence of <i>A. phagocytophilum-</i>, <i>Ba. microti-</i>, and <i>B. miyamotoi-</i>infected BLTs in southern Manitoba and revealed an increased risk of exposure to <i>B. burgdorferi</i>-infected BLTs due to the increasing geographic range and MIR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"817-828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiologic and tick exposure characteristics among people with reported Lyme disease – Minnesota, 2011–2019 2011-2019 年明尼苏达州莱姆病报告患者的流行病学特征和蜱虫接触特征。
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13143
Austin R. Earley, Elizabeth K. Schiffman, Karen K. Wong, Alison F. Hinckley, Kiersten J. Kugeler

Aims and Methods

In the United States, blacklegged Ixodes spp. ticks are the primary vector of Lyme disease. Minnesota is among the states with the highest reported incidence of Lyme disease, having an average of 1857 cases reported annually during 2011–2019. In contrast to the Northeast and mid-Atlantic United States where exposure to ticks predominately occurs around the home, the circumstances regarding risk for exposure to blacklegged ticks in Minnesota are not well understood, and risk is thought to be highest in rural areas where people often participate in recreational activities (e.g. hiking, visiting cabins). We analysed enhanced surveillance data collected by the Minnesota Department of Health during 2011–2019 to describe epidemiologic and tick exposure characteristics among people with reported Lyme disease.

Results

We found that younger age, male gender, residence in a county with lower Lyme disease risk, residence in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, and an illness onset date later in the year were independently associated with higher odds of reporting tick exposures away from the home. We also describe the range of activities associated with tick exposure away from the home, including both recreational and occupational activities.

Conclusions

These findings refine our understanding of Lyme disease risk in Minnesota and highlight the need for heterogeneous public health prevention messaging, including an increased focus on peridomestic prevention measures among older individuals living in high-risk rural areas and recreational and occupational prevention measures among younger individuals living in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area.

目的和方法:在美国,黑腿伊科蜱是莱姆病的主要传播媒介。明尼苏达州是莱姆病报告发病率最高的州之一,在 2011-2019 年期间平均每年报告 1857 例。在美国东北部和大西洋中部地区,接触蜱虫主要发生在家庭周围,而明尼苏达州接触黑腿蜱虫的风险情况尚不十分清楚,人们认为在人们经常参加娱乐活动(如徒步旅行、参观小木屋)的农村地区风险最高。我们分析了明尼苏达州卫生部在 2011-2019 年期间收集的增强型监测数据,以描述莱姆病报告患者的流行病学特征和蜱虫接触特征:我们发现,年龄较小、性别为男性、居住在莱姆病风险较低的县、居住在明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗大都会区以及发病日期在当年较晚的人与较高的报告离家接触蜱虫的几率独立相关。我们还描述了与离家接触蜱虫有关的一系列活动,包括娱乐活动和职业活动:这些发现完善了我们对明尼苏达州莱姆病风险的理解,并强调了对不同公共卫生预防信息的需求,包括更加关注生活在高风险农村地区的老年人的家庭周边预防措施,以及生活在明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗大都会区的年轻人的娱乐和职业预防措施。
{"title":"Epidemiologic and tick exposure characteristics among people with reported Lyme disease – Minnesota, 2011–2019","authors":"Austin R. Earley,&nbsp;Elizabeth K. Schiffman,&nbsp;Karen K. Wong,&nbsp;Alison F. Hinckley,&nbsp;Kiersten J. Kugeler","doi":"10.1111/zph.13143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the United States, blacklegged <i>Ixodes</i> spp. ticks are the primary vector of Lyme disease. Minnesota is among the states with the highest reported incidence of Lyme disease, having an average of 1857 cases reported annually during 2011–2019. In contrast to the Northeast and mid-Atlantic United States where exposure to ticks predominately occurs around the home, the circumstances regarding risk for exposure to blacklegged ticks in Minnesota are not well understood, and risk is thought to be highest in rural areas where people often participate in recreational activities (e.g. hiking, visiting cabins). We analysed enhanced surveillance data collected by the Minnesota Department of Health during 2011–2019 to describe epidemiologic and tick exposure characteristics among people with reported Lyme disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that younger age, male gender, residence in a county with lower Lyme disease risk, residence in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, and an illness onset date later in the year were independently associated with higher odds of reporting tick exposures away from the home. We also describe the range of activities associated with tick exposure away from the home, including both recreational and occupational activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings refine our understanding of Lyme disease risk in Minnesota and highlight the need for heterogeneous public health prevention messaging, including an increased focus on peridomestic prevention measures among older individuals living in high-risk rural areas and recreational and occupational prevention measures among younger individuals living in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"779-789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Zoonoses and Public Health
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