Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献_第4页

Canine Spotted Fever Group Rickettsial Seroprevalence as an Indicator for Human Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Case Rates in Arizona, USA 犬斑疹热组立克次体血清阳性率作为美国亚利桑那州落基山斑疹热病例率的指标。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70009

Alec Oliva, Rachael Kreisler, Andrea Romkema, Soren Madsen, Haley Furman, Christopher Maag, Charles Schaefer, Jose A. Hernandez, Jung Keun Lee, Michael Quinlan, John VandenBrooks

Introduction

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a rapidly progressing febrile disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, is the deadliest tick-borne disease in the world. Human infection initially results in non-specific symptoms and, if untreated, can result in death in up to 35% of cases. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) was discovered to spread RMSF in Arizona and Northern Mexico in the early 2000s, and the disease is now considered endemic in areas of the Southwestern United States. This study investigates the relationship between canine spotted fever group rickettsial (SFGR) seroprevalence and human RMSF case rates in Arizona.

Methods

Canine serum samples were opportunistically collected from 12 counties in Arizona between February 2018 and November 2022. Immunofluorescence assays were employed to determine the anti-SFGR antibody titers in each of the samples, with dilutions ≥ 1:64 considered positive. An exponential nonlinear regression was used to determine the association between canine SFGR seroprevalence and human RMSF case rates per 100,000 as reported by the Arizona Department of Health Services.

Results

Of the 423 dogs sampled, 21% (89/423) were found to be positive for anti-SFGR antibodies. Eight of the 12 counties had seropositive dogs. Geometric mean titers ranged from 64 to 464, with a median of 179. A nonlinear regression model demonstrated a strong association between canine SFGR seropositivity and human RMSF case rates, with the best-fitting model employing RMSF case rates lagged by 1 year. A similar model also showed a significant association between canine SFGR geometric mean titers and RMSF case rates.

Conclusion

Canine SFGR seroprevalence correlates with human RMSF case rates, with RMSF risk rising exponentially as canine SFGR seroprevalence increases. This lends support to the potential use of canine SFGR serology as an epidemiological tool for forecasting RMSF.

落基山斑疹热（RMSF）是由细菌立克次体立克次体引起的一种迅速发展的发热疾病，是世界上最致命的蜱传疾病。人类感染最初会导致非特异性症状，如果不治疗，可导致高达35%的病例死亡。21世纪初，在亚利桑那州和墨西哥北部发现了传播RMSF的血蜱（棕色狗蜱），现在该疾病被认为是美国西南部地区的地方病。本研究调查了亚利桑那州犬斑点热组立克次体（SFGR）血清阳性率与人类RMSF病例率之间的关系。方法：2018年2月至2022年11月，在亚利桑那州12个县随机采集犬血清样本。采用免疫荧光法测定每个样品的抗sfgr抗体滴度，稀释度≥1:64为阳性。指数非线性回归用于确定犬SFGR血清患病率和人类RMSF病例率之间的关系，每10万人报告的亚利桑那州卫生服务部门。结果：在423只犬中，有21%（89/423）检测到sfgr抗体阳性。12个县中有8个县犬血清呈阳性。几何平均滴度范围为64 ~ 464，中位数为179。非线性回归模型显示犬SFGR血清阳性与人类RMSF病例率之间存在很强的相关性，使用RMSF病例率滞后1年的最佳拟合模型。类似的模型也显示犬SFGR几何平均滴度与RMSF病例率之间存在显着关联。结论：犬SFGR血清阳性率与人类RMSF发病率相关，随着犬SFGR血清阳性率的升高，RMSF发病风险呈指数增长。这为犬SFGR血清学作为预测RMSF的流行病学工具提供了潜在的支持。

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引用次数: 0

A Rapid Review Contrasting the Evidence on Avian Influenza A(H5Nx) Clades 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.2.1c in Humans 人感染禽流感病毒A（H5Nx）分支2.3.4.4b和2.3.2.1c证据对比的快速回顾

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70006

Tricia Corrin, Kaitlin M. Young, Mavra Qamar, Kusala Pussegoda, Austyn Baumeister, Nicole Atchessi, Erin Leonard, Lisa A. Waddell

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulate in wild and domestic bird populations, posing an on-going risk for zoonotic transmission and virus adaptation to mammals and humans. The A(H5Nx) clades 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4b currently circulating have caused sporadic infections in humans. A rapid review (RR) was conducted to contrast the evidence on infection from these clades in humans. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a protocol was developed a priori. The search was conducted in December 2023 for primary research articles (published and preprint) pertaining to AIV clades 2.3.4.4b or 2.3.2.1c in Scopus, PubMed and EuropePMC. Search verification and a grey literature search were also conducted in January 2024. Full-text relevance screening was conducted independently by two reviewers. Data extraction and risk of bias (ROB) assessment was conducted by one reviewer and verified by a senior reviewer. Results were reported narratively. Forty articles published between 2014 and 2023 were included in this RR. Studies found no discernible difference in the likely mode of exposure, transmission or the potential of AIV infection in humans between the two clades. Seropositivity, seroconversion and hospitalisation rates were also similar, while intensive care unit admission and fatalities were higher for A(H5Nx) clade 2.3.2.1c. Several markers of mammalian adaptation and mutations associated with increased viral replication, polymerase activity and virulence in mammals and/or mice were found in both clades. Most studies were considered to be at high ROB, while some well-designed cohort studies were at moderate ROB. This summary can be used to inform what is known about A(H5Nx) in humans for the two clades and suggests that there is on-going adaptation pressure from circulating AIVs that should be closely monitored. It is important to continue surveillance in birds, mammals and humans, conduct large epidemiological studies and develop mitigation strategies from a One Health perspective.

禽流感病毒（AIV）在野生和家禽种群中传播，持续构成人畜共患病传播和病毒适应哺乳动物和人类的风险。目前流行的A（H5Nx）分支2.3.2.1c和2.3.4.4b已在人类中引起散发感染。对这些分支在人类中感染的证据进行了快速审查（RR）。遵循PRISMA准则，先验地制定了一项协议。检索于2023年12月在Scopus、PubMed和EuropePMC中检索与AIV分支2.3.4.4b或2.3.2.1c相关的主要研究文章（已发表和预印本）。检索验证和灰色文献检索也于2024年1月进行。全文相关性筛选由两位审稿人独立进行。数据提取和偏倚风险（ROB）评估由一名审稿人进行，并由一名高级审稿人进行验证。结果以叙述方式报道。该RR收录了2014年至2023年间发表的40篇文章。研究发现，这两个分支在可能的接触方式、传播方式或人类感染艾滋病病毒的可能性方面没有明显差异。血清阳性、血清转化率和住院率也相似，而甲型（H5Nx）进化分支2.2.3.2.1 c的重症监护病房住院率和死亡率更高。在哺乳动物和/或小鼠中发现了一些与病毒复制、聚合酶活性和毒力增加相关的哺乳动物适应和突变标记。大多数研究被认为是高ROB，而一些设计良好的队列研究是中等ROB。这一总结可用于告知关于这两个支系在人类中的甲型（H5Nx）的已知情况，并表明应密切监测流行aiv的持续适应压力。必须继续对鸟类、哺乳动物和人类进行监测，开展大规模流行病学研究，并从“同一个健康”的角度制定缓解战略。

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引用次数: 0

Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cats: Zoonotic Transmission 猫的牛分枝杆菌感染：人畜共患传播。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70008

Soledad Barandiaran, María Jimena Marfil, Natalia Yaafar, María Fernanda Ferrer, Sandra Fajardo, María Fernanda Salvador, Mariana Biscia, Martín José Zumárraga, Javier Eduardo Sarradell

Introduction

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an infectious disease of worldwide relevance, with a growing concern for its zoonotic potential. Although cattle are the primary host, infections in companion animals have been reported, raising new public health concerns.

Methods

Four cases of M. bovis infection in two cohabiting cats and two humans, one being the pet owner and the other a veterinarian, are analysed. Microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques were employed, including culture, PCR, and genotyping through spoligotyping.

Results

The presence of M. bovis was confirmed in both felines, identifying the same spoligotype (SB0140). Subsequently, the infection was documented in the pet owner, who had no history of contact with livestock, and in a veterinarian who sustained a needlestick injury during sample collection.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the risk of zoonotic tuberculosis originating from companion animals, even in the absence of direct exposure to livestock. The results underscore the need to strengthen diagnostic and surveillance strategies in non-traditional species and emphasise the importance of adopting a comprehensive One Health approach to prevent and mitigate transmission between animals and humans, particularly in regions where bovine tuberculosis is endemic.

由牛分枝杆菌引起的结核病是一种世界性的传染性疾病，其人畜共患的可能性日益受到关注。虽然牛是主要宿主，但也有伴侣动物感染的报告，引起了新的公共卫生问题。方法：对2只同居猫和2人（1为宠物主人，1为兽医）4例牛支原体感染病例进行分析。采用微生物和分子诊断技术，包括培养、PCR和通过spoligotyping进行基因分型。结果：在两只猫中均发现牛分枝杆菌，鉴定出相同的spoligotype （SB0140）。随后，在没有与牲畜接触史的宠物主人和一名在样本采集过程中被针刺伤的兽医中记录了感染。结论：这些发现强调了来自伴侣动物的人畜共患结核病的风险，即使没有直接接触牲畜。结果强调有必要加强非传统物种的诊断和监测战略，并强调采取全面的“同一个健康”方法来预防和减轻动物与人之间的传播的重要性，特别是在牛结核病流行的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of a Low-Cost Mosquito-Borne Disease Early Warning System Integrating Molecular Mosquito and Arbovirus Surveillance 结合蚊子分子和虫媒病毒监测的低成本蚊媒疾病预警系统的评估。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70005

Nidya Jurado-Sánchez, Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes, Andreu Comas-García, Fernando Díaz Barriga-Martínez, Mauricio Comas-García, Sandra E. Guerra-Palomares, Christian A. García-Sepúlveda

Introduction

Arboviruses can be transmitted by Anophelinae (Anopheles genus) or Culicinae (Aedes and Culex genera) mosquitoes. Ecological and sociodemographic factors such as urbanisation, poverty, access to health systems and social inequality determine vector density and risk of disease transmission. Effective surveillance of vectors and arboviruses is crucial for guiding public health strategies.

Methods

We developed a low-cost molecular approach integrating mosquito and arbovirus surveillance and assessed its performance during 2021 in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Our approach incorporates an innovative mosquito trap (Yoy trap), an ITS2-based mosquito molecular taxonomy assay and the use of FTA card preservation of arboviral RNA.

Results

A total of 16,319 mosquitoes were collected, Culex spp. genus being the most abundant (63.3%) followed by Aedes spp. (26.6%) and Anopheles spp. (4.7%). Our approach allowed us to characterise mosquito population dynamics including the centripetal expansion of mosquito range from city outskirts to urban areas. Viral RNA screening of 124 FTA cards identified the presence of four arboviruses in mosquitoes of the city of San Luis Potosi: DENV (6.5%), ZIKV (5.6%), CHIKV (1.6%) and WNV (3.2%).

Conclusions

This surveillance system detected DENV in mosquitoes 7 weeks prior to the first reported human case, further supporting the public health benefits deriving from the adoption of similar innovative, low-cost and robust surveillance systems.

虫媒病毒可由按蚊科（按蚊属）或库蚊科（伊蚊属和库蚊属）传播。城市化、贫困、获得卫生系统和社会不平等等生态和社会人口因素决定了病媒密度和疾病传播风险。媒介和虫媒病毒的有效监测对于指导公共卫生战略至关重要。方法：我们开发了一种低成本的分子方法，将蚊子和虫媒病毒监测结合起来，并评估了该方法2021年在墨西哥圣路易斯Potosí的表现。我们的方法结合了一种创新的蚊子诱捕器（Yoy诱捕器）、一种基于its2的蚊子分子分类试验和使用FTA卡保存虫媒病毒RNA。结果：共捕获蚊虫16319只，以库蚊属最多（63.3%），其次为伊蚊（26.6%）和按蚊（4.7%）；我们的方法使我们能够描述蚊子种群动态，包括蚊子范围从城市郊区向城市地区的向心扩张。对124张FTA卡片进行病毒RNA筛选，发现圣路易斯波托西市蚊虫中存在4种虫媒病毒：DENV（6.5%）、ZIKV（5.6%）、CHIKV（1.6%）和WNV（3.2%）。结论：该监测系统在首次报告人间病例前7周在蚊子中发现DENV，进一步支持采用类似的创新、低成本和强大的监测系统所带来的公共卫生效益。

{"title":"Assessment of a Low-Cost Mosquito-Borne Disease Early Warning System Integrating Molecular Mosquito and Arbovirus Surveillance","authors":"Nidya Jurado-Sánchez, Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes, Andreu Comas-García, Fernando Díaz Barriga-Martínez, Mauricio Comas-García, Sandra E. Guerra-Palomares, Christian A. García-Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1111/zph.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arboviruses can be transmitted by <i>Anophelinae</i> (<i>Anopheles</i> genus) or <i>Culicinae</i> (<i>Aedes</i> and <i>Culex</i> genera) mosquitoes. Ecological and sociodemographic factors such as urbanisation, poverty, access to health systems and social inequality determine vector density and risk of disease transmission. Effective surveillance of vectors and arboviruses is crucial for guiding public health strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed a low-cost molecular approach integrating mosquito and arbovirus surveillance and assessed its performance during 2021 in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Our approach incorporates an innovative mosquito trap (Yoy trap), an ITS2-based mosquito molecular taxonomy assay and the use of FTA card preservation of arboviral RNA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 16,319 mosquitoes were collected, <i>Culex</i> spp. genus being the most abundant (63.3%) followed by <i>Aedes</i> spp. (26.6%) and <i>Anopheles</i> spp. (4.7%). Our approach allowed us to characterise mosquito population dynamics including the centripetal expansion of mosquito range from city outskirts to urban areas. Viral RNA screening of 124 FTA cards identified the presence of four arboviruses in mosquitoes of the city of San Luis Potosi: DENV (6.5%), ZIKV (5.6%), CHIKV (1.6%) and WNV (3.2%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This surveillance system detected DENV in mosquitoes 7 weeks prior to the first reported human case, further supporting the public health benefits deriving from the adoption of similar innovative, low-cost and robust surveillance systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 7","pages":"669-682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Human Health Implications of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in Vermont Backyard Poultry 佛蒙特州后院家禽中肠沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌的流行、危险因素和人类健康影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70004

Chelsey A. Patch, Katalin M. Larsen, Cheryl M. Armstrong, Siddhartha Kanrar, Alessandra M. Michaelides, Purna Chakraborty, Kelcey Harper, Valarie Devlin, Lorrie Martin, Alia Lunna, Hannah L. Blackwell, Sarah C. Nguyen, Anna Penny, Andrea J. Etter

Introduction

Backyard poultry (BYP) are increasingly linked to cases of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis.

Methods

Between 2022 and 2024, soiled bedding samples from 70 BYP farms were tested for Campylobacter spp. and/or Salmonella enterica.

Results

Nine farms (12.86%) had at least one sample positive for S. enterica, while 19.05% (12/63) tested positive for Campylobacter spp. We sequenced 54 S. enterica isolates from eight farms in this sample and four farms from previous sampling in 2021 (n = 12 total farms) to determine the genetic characteristics of S. enterica from backyard poultry. Salmonella Schwarzengrund was the most common serovar (33%; 18/54) found, followed by Kentucky (16.7%; 9/54) and serovars Hadar (14.8%; 8/54) and Enteritidis (14.8%; 8/54). Though over half of isolates (51.9%; 28/54) exhibited no predicted genotypic or phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials, some serovars such as Salmonella Hadar were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Four isolates had intermediate phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin and two were resistant to ampicillin.

Conclusions

In summary, the frequency of Campylobacter and Salmonella in BYP populations of Vermont may pose a significant public health risk. Although the rate of antimicrobial resistance was low among S. enterica isolates, resistance to medically important antibiotics was observed, and isolate serovars aligned with serovars implicated in human illness in Vermont.

导论：后院家禽（BYP）越来越多地与弯曲杆菌病和沙门氏菌病有关。方法：在2022年至2024年期间，对70个BYP农场的污染床上用品样本进行弯曲杆菌和/或肠沙门氏菌检测。结果：9个养殖场（12.86%）至少有1个样本检测出肠球菌阳性，19.05%（12/63）的养殖场检测出弯曲杆菌。我们对该样本中的8个养殖场和2021年4个养殖场（共12个养殖场）的54株肠球菌进行了测序，以确定后院家禽肠球菌的遗传特征。沙门氏菌是最常见的血清型(33%；18/54)，其次是肯塔基州(16.7%；9/54)和serovars Hadar (14.8%；8/54)和Enteritidis (14.8%；8/54)。尽管半数以上的分离株(51.9%；28/54)对抗菌素没有预测的基因型或表型耐药，一些血清型如哈达尔沙门氏菌对多种抗菌素耐药。4株对环丙沙星有中等表型耐药，2株对氨苄西林有耐药。结论：综上所述，佛蒙特州BYP人群中弯曲杆菌和沙门氏菌的频率可能构成重大的公共卫生风险。尽管肠链球菌分离株的抗菌素耐药率很低，但观察到对医学上重要的抗生素的耐药性，并且分离出的血清型与佛蒙特州人类疾病的血清型一致。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiology and Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Rickettsiae in Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus Ticks Infesting Dogs and Sheep in Pakistan 巴基斯坦犬羊间透明体和鼻头蜱中蜱传立克次体的流行病学及分子检测。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70002

Jehan Zeb, Haytham Senbill, Muhammad Kashif Obaid, Ren Qiaoyun, Mourad Ben Said, Muhammad Umair Aziz, Adil Khan, Reem Alajmi, Raquel Cossio-Bayugar, Karla Dzul-Rosado, Olivier Andre Sparagano

Background

Tick-borne rickettsiae present significant health risks to both humans and animals globally. However, the epidemiology of rickettsial pathogens in Pakistan remains largely unexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and molecular detection of tick-borne Rickettsia in Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus ticks infesting dogs and sheep in Pakistan.

Methods

A total of 810 ticks were collected from six geographical locations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Morphological and molecular identification classified the ticks as Rhipicephalus linnaei, Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma scupense and Hyalomma isaaci, with Rh. linnaei being the most prevalent species (34.81%).

Results

Molecular analysis indicated that 43.58% of the ticks tested positive for rickettsiae. The prevalence of specific rickettsial species was as follows: Rickettsia massiliae (16.79%), Rickettsia sp. (11.48%), R. slovaca (8.77%), Ca. R. kotlanii (5.31%) and R. japonica (1.23%). Notably, approximately 13.95% of the ticks harboured at least one tick-borne Rickettsia, with double and triple co-infections found in 5.06% and 1.23%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates of Candidatus Rickettsia kotlanii and Rickettsia sp. from Pakistan shared close genetic similarities with isolates from Japan and South Africa.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and monitoring of Pakistani tick populations and rickettsial pathogens. Understanding the dynamics of rickettsial transmission is crucial for mitigating the risks of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals and informing public health strategies.

背景：蜱传立克次体在全球范围内对人类和动物都存在重大的健康风险。然而，巴基斯坦立克次体病原体的流行病学研究在很大程度上仍未得到探索。目的：研究巴基斯坦犬、羊中蜱传立克次体的流行病学及分子检测方法。方法：在开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省6个地点采集蜱虫810只。形态和分子鉴定将蜱虫分类为林奈棘头蜱、单峰眼蜱、悬空眼蜱和艾萨奇眼蜱。林奈是最常见的种（34.81%）。结果：分子分析结果显示，43.58%的蜱体检测呈立克次体阳性。特定立克次体流行率依次为马氏立克次体（16.79%）、立克次体（11.48%）、slovaca立克次体（8.77%）、kotlanii立克次体（5.31%）和japonica立克次体（1.23%）。值得注意的是，约13.95%的蜱至少携带一种蜱传立克次体，双重和三重合并感染分别为5.06%和1.23%。系统发育分析表明，来自巴基斯坦的立克次体和立克次体分离株与来自日本和南非的分离株具有密切的遗传相似性。结论：这些发现强调迫切需要加强对巴基斯坦蜱虫种群和立克次体病原体的监测和监测。了解立克次体传播的动态对于减轻人类和动物中蜱传疾病的风险以及为公共卫生战略提供信息至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Bearded Vultures in Spain 西班牙秃鹫高致病性甲型H5N1禽流感感染

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70003

Remigio Martínez, Irene Agulló-Ros, Moisés Gonzálvez, María J. Ruano, Bianca Zecchin, Irene Zorrilla, Rafael Guerra, Jorge Paniagua, David Cano-Terriza, Ignacio García-Bocanegra

We report mortality in bearded vultures ( Gypaetus barbatus ) associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, responsible for the current HPAI panzootic. Between April and May 2022, a total of five bearded vultures from Spain, four free-ranging and one captive individual, were found dead in their nest or with acute symptoms of disease. Complete necropsies were performed and histopathological, immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses were carried out. The presence of the HPAI H5N1 virus was confirmed in different organs, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and feathers from the affected individuals. The complete viral genome was obtained from three of the affected bearded vultures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the sequences obtained from the free-ranging individuals and the captive specimen belonged to the clade 2.3.4.4b and clustered separately. Furthermore, it supports that direct or indirect contact with other sympatric wild birds could be the most likely source of infection. This research highlights the susceptibility of the endangered bearded vulture to HPAI H5N1, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of the virus's host range.

我们报告了与高致病性禽流感HPAI A H5N1分支2.3.4.4b相关的胡须秃鹫（Gypaetus barbatus）的死亡率，该分支是当前HPAI大流行的原因。在2022年4月至5月期间，共有5只来自西班牙的胡须秃鹫，4只自由放养的和1只圈养的，被发现死在巢穴中或出现急性疾病症状。进行了完整的尸检，并进行了组织病理学、免疫组织化学和分子分析。在受影响个体的不同器官、口咽和肛肠拭子以及羽毛中证实存在高致病性H5N1病毒。完整的病毒基因组是从三只受感染的秃鹫身上获得的。系统发育分析表明，自由放养个体和圈养标本的序列均属于2.3.4.4b进化支，并分别聚类。此外，它支持与其他同域野生鸟类的直接或间接接触可能是最可能的感染源。这项研究强调了濒危的胡须秃鹫对高致病性H5N1的易感性，从而有助于更广泛地了解该病毒的宿主范围。

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引用次数: 0

Salmonella Control Programme in France: Factors Influencing the Detection of Salmonella in Laying Hen Flocks From 2013 to 2021 法国沙门氏菌控制计划：2013 - 2021年蛋鸡群中沙门氏菌检测的影响因素

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70001

Adeline Huneau-Salaün, Sophie Le Bouquin, Marianne Chemaly

Introduction

Salmonellosis is the second leading foodborne illness in the European Union. Eggs are still an important source of Salmonella despite an EU-harmonised control programme in laying hen flocks. The objective of our study was to identify the characteristics related to poultry house (location, type of housing system) and sampling (sampler, type and number of samples, date) associated with the detection of Salmonella target serovars (STS) in France (S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, three monophasic variants of S. typhimurium and S. Kentucky).

Methods

For the first time since the implementation of the EU target prevalence in 2010, we compiled the results of bacteriological detection of Salmonella in French laying hen flocks (108,718 sampling events carried out in 4744 poultry houses). The risk of STS detection was modelled using a mixed logistic regression model taking into account repeated sampling at the poultry house level.

Results

An STS was isolated from 737 sampling events (0.68%). Caged flocks had a higher risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [1.2–2.0]) of testing positive compared with on-floor, organic or free-range flocks. The risk of detecting STS was higher when sampling was carried out by the competent authority (CA) (OR = 2.62, [2.2–3.1]) relative to food business operators (FBO), in relation to the risk-based sampling strategy used by the CA. A higher risk of STS detection was associated with taking six samples or more per sampling (OR = 2.8 [2.0–4.0]). A spatial gradient of risk was also described, running from the north-west to the south-east regions of France, in addition to seasonal (third quarter of the year: 2.8 [2.2–3.5], fourth quarter: 2.4 [1.9–3.0], relative to the first quarter) and annual effects (2016: 1.7 [1.2–2.5], 2020: 2.1 [1.5–2.9], 2021: 2.0 [1.4–2.8], relative to 2013).

Conclusions

Our findings are of interest for improving sampling protocols for Salmonella detection in laying hen farms.

沙门氏菌病是欧盟第二大食源性疾病。鸡蛋仍然是沙门氏菌的重要来源，尽管欧盟在蛋鸡群中实施了统一的控制计划。本研究的目的是确定与法国沙门氏菌靶血清型（肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的三种单相变种和肯塔基沙门氏菌）检测相关的家禽舍（地点、饲养系统类型）和采样（采样器、样本类型和数量、日期）的特征。方法：自2010年欧盟目标流行率实施以来，首次对法国产蛋鸡群沙门氏菌的细菌学检测结果进行了整理，共对4744个鸡舍进行了108718次采样。考虑到鸡舍水平的重复采样，使用混合逻辑回归模型对STS检测风险进行建模。结果：从737个采样事件中分离出STS（0.68%）。笼养鸡与散养、有机或自由放养鸡相比，检测呈阳性的风险更高（优势比(OR) = 1.6, 95%可信区间[1.2-2.0]）。与食品经营者（FBO）相比，主管当局（CA）采用基于风险的抽样策略进行抽样时，检测到STS的风险更高（OR = 2.62,[2.2-3.1]）。每次抽样取样6个或更多样本，检测到STS的风险更高（OR = 2.8[2.0-4.0]）。除了季节性影响（今年第三季度：2.8[2.2-3.5]，第四季度：2.4[1.9-3.0]，相对于第一季度）和年度影响（2016年：1.7[1.2-2.5]，2020年：2.1[1.5-2.9]，2021年：2.0[1.4-2.8]，相对于2013年）之外，还描述了从法国西北部到东南部地区的风险空间梯度。结论：本研究结果对改进蛋鸡养殖场沙门氏菌检测的采样方案具有重要意义。

{"title":"Salmonella Control Programme in France: Factors Influencing the Detection of Salmonella in Laying Hen Flocks From 2013 to 2021","authors":"Adeline Huneau-Salaün, Sophie Le Bouquin, Marianne Chemaly","doi":"10.1111/zph.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salmonellosis is the second leading foodborne illness in the European Union. Eggs are still an important source of <i>Salmonella</i> despite an EU-harmonised control programme in laying hen flocks. The objective of our study was to identify the characteristics related to poultry house (location, type of housing system) and sampling (sampler, type and number of samples, date) associated with the detection of <i>Salmonella</i> target serovars (STS) in France (<i>S. enteritidis</i>, <i>S. typhimurium</i>, three monophasic variants of <i>S. typhimurium</i> and <i>S</i>. Kentucky).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the first time since the implementation of the EU target prevalence in 2010, we compiled the results of bacteriological detection of <i>Salmonella</i> in French laying hen flocks (108,718 sampling events carried out in 4744 poultry houses). The risk of STS detection was modelled using a mixed logistic regression model taking into account repeated sampling at the poultry house level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An STS was isolated from 737 sampling events (0.68%). Caged flocks had a higher risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [1.2–2.0]) of testing positive compared with on-floor, organic or free-range flocks. The risk of detecting STS was higher when sampling was carried out by the competent authority (CA) (OR = 2.62, [2.2–3.1]) relative to food business operators (FBO), in relation to the risk-based sampling strategy used by the CA. A higher risk of STS detection was associated with taking six samples or more per sampling (OR = 2.8 [2.0–4.0]). A spatial gradient of risk was also described, running from the north-west to the south-east regions of France, in addition to seasonal (third quarter of the year: 2.8 [2.2–3.5], fourth quarter: 2.4 [1.9–3.0], relative to the first quarter) and annual effects (2016: 1.7 [1.2–2.5], 2020: 2.1 [1.5–2.9], 2021: 2.0 [1.4–2.8], relative to 2013).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings are of interest for improving sampling protocols for <i>Salmonella</i> detection in laying hen farms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 7","pages":"628-636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of a Seasonal Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average Model for the Time Series Analysis of Human Brucellosis 利用季节性自回归分数积分移动平均模型对人类布鲁氏菌病进行时间序列分析。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13229

Yongbin Wang, Yifang Liang, Chenlu Xue, Bingjie Zhang, Peiping Zhou, Yanyan Li, Xinxiao Li, Chunjie Xu

Introduction

Human brucellosis (HB) has re-emerged as a critical public health threat in China, necessitating robust forecasting tools for early intervention. This study evaluates the seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (SARFIMA) model's performance in predicting HB epidemics, comparing it with the widely used seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA).

Methods

Monthly HB morbidity data from January 2012 to May 2023 in Henan were collected retrospectively and divided into training (January 2012 to December 2021) and testing (January 2022 to May 2023) segments to evaluate the predictive ability of SARFIMA, comparing it with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA). Sensitivity and secondary analyses were also conducted using HB incidence data in different periods in Henan and mainland China to confirm the predictive robustness.

Results

HB incidence exhibited marked seasonality (peaks: May–June; troughs: December–January) and surged post-2018 (annual increase: 34.9%). The analysis identified distinct SARIMA and SARFIMA configurations for different prediction horizons in Henan. 17-step forecasts required autoregressive components with seasonal differencing, while 5-step predictions benefited from moving average terms. The SARFIMA models consistently exhibited fractional differencing parameters (0.329–0.487), indicating persistent temporal dependencies in the data structure. Although the SARFIMA produced smaller forecast errors than the best SARIMA in both horizons, the forecast errors were still large, and the prediction intervals of the SARFIMA were wider than those of the SARIMA. Further cross-validation and secondary analysis also showed that SARFIMA outperformed SARIMA in assessing HB epidemics.

Conclusions

SARFIMA marginally improves HB forecasting accuracy over SARIMA by addressing long-range dependence, but prediction reliability remains limited. Hybrid models integrating environmental/livestock data are recommended. Escalating HB incidence underscores urgent needs for livestock vaccination, public education on unpasteurized dairy risks, and real-time surveillance to mitigate zoonotic transmission in high-risk regions.

在中国，人布鲁氏菌病（HB）已重新成为一种严重的公共卫生威胁，需要强有力的预测工具进行早期干预。本研究评估了季节性自回归分数积分移动平均（SARFIMA）模型在预测HB流行方面的表现，并将其与广泛使用的季节性自回归综合移动平均（SARIMA）模型进行了比较。方法：回顾性收集河南省2012年1月至2023年5月每月HB发病率数据，分为训练（2012年1月至2021年12月）和测试（2022年1月至2023年5月）两部分，评估SARFIMA的预测能力，并将其与季节性自回归综合移动平均（SARIMA）进行比较。利用河南和中国大陆不同时期的HB发病率数据进行敏感性和二次分析，以证实预测的稳健性。结果：HB发病率具有明显的季节性(高峰：5 - 6月；低谷期：12月1月)，并在2018年之后飙升（年增长率：34.9%）。分析发现，河南省不同预测层的SARIMA和SARFIMA配置不同，17步预测需要具有季节差异的自回归分量，而5步预测则受益于移动平均项。SARFIMA模型始终呈现分数阶差异参数（0.329-0.487），表明数据结构中存在持久的时间依赖性。虽然SARFIMA在两个层位上的预报误差都小于最佳SARIMA，但预报误差仍然较大，而且SARFIMA的预报区间比SARIMA宽。进一步的交叉验证和二次分析也表明SARFIMA在评估HB流行方面优于SARIMA。结论：通过解决长期依赖性，SARFIMA略微提高了HB预测准确性，但预测可靠性仍然有限。建议采用综合环境/牲畜数据的混合模型。不断上升的乙肝发病率强调了迫切需要对牲畜进行疫苗接种，对未经巴氏消毒的乳制品风险进行公众教育，并进行实时监测，以减轻高危地区的人畜共患病传播。

{"title":"Use of a Seasonal Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average Model for the Time Series Analysis of Human Brucellosis","authors":"Yongbin Wang, Yifang Liang, Chenlu Xue, Bingjie Zhang, Peiping Zhou, Yanyan Li, Xinxiao Li, Chunjie Xu","doi":"10.1111/zph.13229","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13229","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human brucellosis (HB) has re-emerged as a critical public health threat in China, necessitating robust forecasting tools for early intervention. This study evaluates the seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (SARFIMA) model's performance in predicting HB epidemics, comparing it with the widely used seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monthly HB morbidity data from January 2012 to May 2023 in Henan were collected retrospectively and divided into training (January 2012 to December 2021) and testing (January 2022 to May 2023) segments to evaluate the predictive ability of SARFIMA, comparing it with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA). Sensitivity and secondary analyses were also conducted using HB incidence data in different periods in Henan and mainland China to confirm the predictive robustness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HB incidence exhibited marked seasonality (peaks: May–June; troughs: December–January) and surged post-2018 (annual increase: 34.9%). The analysis identified distinct SARIMA and SARFIMA configurations for different prediction horizons in Henan. 17-step forecasts required autoregressive components with seasonal differencing, while 5-step predictions benefited from moving average terms. The SARFIMA models consistently exhibited fractional differencing parameters (0.329–0.487), indicating persistent temporal dependencies in the data structure. Although the SARFIMA produced smaller forecast errors than the best SARIMA in both horizons, the forecast errors were still large, and the prediction intervals of the SARFIMA were wider than those of the SARIMA. Further cross-validation and secondary analysis also showed that SARFIMA outperformed SARIMA in assessing HB epidemics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SARFIMA marginally improves HB forecasting accuracy over SARIMA by addressing long-range dependence, but prediction reliability remains limited. Hybrid models integrating environmental/livestock data are recommended. Escalating HB incidence underscores urgent needs for livestock vaccination, public education on unpasteurized dairy risks, and real-time surveillance to mitigate zoonotic transmission in high-risk regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 6","pages":"534-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic Determinants of Campylobacter spp. and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella spp. Infections in Ontario, Canada, 2015–2017: An Ecological Study 加拿大安大略省弯曲杆菌和非伤寒沙门氏菌感染的社会经济决定因素，2015-2017：生态学研究。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70000

Patience John, Csaba Varga, Martin Cooke, Shannon E. Majowicz

Introduction

Campylobacter spp. and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS) are major causes of enteric diseases in Ontario, Canada and worldwide. Although low socioeconomic status is generally associated with poor health outcomes, its relationship with enteric diseases in Ontario is not well known. We investigated area-level socioeconomic risk factors for reported enteric infections caused by Campylobacter spp. and NTS, commonly transmitted by food in Ontario, Canada, between 2015 and 2017.

Methods

Using negative binomial regression models, we examined the association between age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) of laboratory-confirmed cases of Campylobacter spp. and NTS (aggregated to the forward sortation area [FSA] level), and FSA-level socioeconomic factors (median household income; percent population with bachelor's degree or higher; unemployment rate; and percent visible minorities, Indigenous peoples [as defined by Statistics Canada], total immigrants, recent immigrants and lone-parent families), adjusting for the population of the FSA from the 2016 Census.

Results

After controlling for the other variables in the final multivariable models, an increase in the percentage of the population with a bachelor's degree or higher and in the percentage of total immigrants in an FSA significantly increased the IRs of Campylobacter infections, while an increase in the median income and the percentage of total immigrants in an FSA increased the IRs of NTS infections.

Conclusions

Results from our study may inform public health interventions to reduce the rate of infections, for example, via food safety supports relevant to communities with larger numbers of Canadian immigrants. Further individual-level investigations of the socioeconomic factors identified in this study are needed. Also, future studies should assess the mechanisms through which socioeconomic risk factors affect infection rates in different communities.

简介：弯曲杆菌和非伤寒沙门氏菌（NTS）是安大略省，加拿大和世界范围内肠道疾病的主要原因。虽然低社会经济地位通常与健康状况不佳有关，但其与安大略省肠道疾病的关系尚不清楚。我们调查了2015年至2017年加拿大安大略省报告的弯曲杆菌和NTS引起的肠道感染的区域社会经济风险因素，这些感染通常通过食物传播。方法：采用负二项回归模型，研究经年龄和性别调整的弯曲杆菌实验室确诊病例发病率（IRs）与NTS（汇总到正向分类区[FSA]水平）以及FSA水平的社会经济因素(家庭收入中位数；拥有学士及以上学历的人口比例；失业率;以及根据2016年人口普查调整后的少数族裔、土著人（由加拿大统计局定义）、移民总数、新移民和单亲家庭的百分比。结果：在最终的多变量模型中控制了其他变量后，具有学士学位或更高学位的人口百分比和FSA总移民百分比的增加显着增加了弯曲杆菌感染的IRs，而收入中位数和FSA总移民百分比的增加增加了NTS感染的IRs。结论：我们的研究结果可以为公共卫生干预提供信息，以降低感染率，例如，通过与加拿大移民数量较多的社区相关的食品安全支持。需要对本研究中确定的社会经济因素进行进一步的个人层面调查。此外，未来的研究应评估社会经济风险因素影响不同社区感染率的机制。

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引用次数: 0