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Exposure Practices to Animal-Origin Influenza A Virus at the Animal-Human Interface in Poultry and Swine Backyard Farms. 在家禽和猪散养场的人畜界面接触动物源性甲型流感病毒的做法。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13182

Cecilia Baumberger, Gustavo Anríquez, Pablo Galdames, Tamara Palma, María Antonieta Gonzalez, Katherinne Orozco, Cristobal Oyarzun, Camila Rojas, Victor Marambio, Soledad Ruiz, Francisca Di Pillo, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Pedro Jimenez-Bluhm, Jonathan Rushton, Christopher Hamilton-West

Aim: Backyard production systems (BPS) represent an interface of contact between people, domestic and wild animals. Studies conducted in Chile during the last decade have provided extensive evidence of influenza A virus (IAV) circulation in backyard poultry and swine. The aim of this study was to investigate exposure practices of humans to animal-origin IAV within backyards.

Methods and results: Backyard farmers and household members of a total of 101 BPS in the proximity of wetlands located throughout Chile were interviewed between 2021 and 2022. Data were collected on the nature of human-animal contacts through participation in productive activities conducted within backyards, which was used to estimate participants' exposure risk to animal-origin IAV. Additionally, RT-qPCR and serologic IAV active surveillance was carried out in backyard animals. Multilinear regression was used to identify factors associated with exposure risk. Overall, IAV prevalence was 10.1% (95% CI: 4.7%-15.5%) and seroprevalence was 43.5% (95% CI: 29.7%-54.2%), both at the BPS level. Of 180 interviewees, 86% reported participating regularly in poultry or swine exposure activities within the backyard. A greater participation of male participants was observed when evaluating swine exposure activities, while female participation was greater for some activities related to poultry handling. Handwashing was a very extended hygiene practice; however, the use of personal protective equipment was uncommon. Different factors related to participants, households and backyards were associated with an increased exposure risk of participants to animal-origin IAV: (i) older age, (ii) less years of education, (iii) no off-farm work, (iv) greater backyard production value and (v) greater household consumption of backyard products.

Conclusion: These results indicate the circulation of IAV in BPS and the frequent human-animal contact at this interface, highlighting the need for awareness campaigns and educational programmes aimed at backyard farmers on prevention and biosecurity measures in the management of backyard animals.

目的：散养生产系统（BPS）是人、家畜和野生动物之间的接触界面。过去十年间在智利进行的研究提供了大量证据，证明甲型流感病毒（IAV）在散养家禽和猪中流行。本研究旨在调查人类在后院接触动物源甲型流感病毒的情况：在 2021 年至 2022 年期间，对智利全国湿地附近的 101 个 BPS 的散养农户和家庭成员进行了访谈。通过参与后院的生产活动，收集了有关人与动物接触性质的数据，用于估算参与者接触动物源 IAV 的风险。此外，还对散养动物进行了 RT-qPCR 和血清学 IAV 主动监测。多线性回归用于确定与接触风险相关的因素。总体而言，IAV流行率为10.1%（95% CI：4.7%-15.5%），血清流行率为43.5%（95% CI：29.7%-54.2%），均为BPS水平。在 180 名受访者中，86% 的人表示经常参加后院的家禽或猪接触活动。在评估与猪接触的活动时，男性参与者较多，而在一些与家禽处理相关的活动中，女性参与者较多。洗手是一种非常普遍的卫生习惯，但使用个人防护设备的情况并不常见。与参与者、家庭和后院有关的不同因素与参与者接触动物源性 IAV 的风险增加有关：(i) 年龄较大；(ii) 受教育年限较低；(iii) 没有农场外工作；(iv) 后院产值较高；(v) 家庭消费后院产品较多：这些结果表明了 IAV 在 BPS 中的传播情况以及人与动物在这一界面上的频繁接触，突出了针对散养农户开展有关散养动物管理中的预防和生物安全措施的宣传活动和教育计划的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

ESBL Producing E. coli in Chickens and Poultry Farms Environment in Selangor, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study on Their Occurrence and Associated Risk Factors With Environment and Public Health Importance 马来西亚雪兰莪州鸡和家禽养殖场环境中产 ESBL 大肠杆菌：关于其发生率及其与环境和公共卫生重要性相关的风险因素的横断面研究

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13179

Abdulrasheed Bello Aliyu, Abu Jalila, Abdul Aziz Saleha, Zakaria Zunita

Introduction

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) are widespread multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria that threaten animal production, food safety and antimicrobial therapy worldwide including Malaysia. Poultry has been reported as one of the pathways for human exposure to ESBL-EC. There has been little research on the occurrence of ESBL-EC within the Malaysian poultry food chain. Hence, the objectives of the study were to determine the occurrence of ESBL-EC in chickens and to identify the potential risk factors associated with their occurrence in poultry farms.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 samples, consisting of 240 cloacal swabs from chickens and 160 from poultry farms environments in eight districts in Selangor, Malaysia using culture and disk combination methods and multiple polymerase chain reaction assays. In the determination of possible factors associated with the presence of ESBL-EC at poultry farms, a questionnaire was used to obtain the information and data.

Results

The findings demonstrated the wide distribution of ESBL-EC in all the farms with an overall occurrence of 37.2%. Farms in Gombak, Klang and Hulu Selangor had the highest occurrence rates at 62%, 50% and 50%, respectively, followed by farms in Petaling 38%, Sepang at 34%, Kuala Langat at 26% and Kuala Selangor at 24%, and the lowest was in Hulu Langat 14%. Among the study samples, chickens had the highest occurrence rate at 45.4%, followed by chicken house floors at 40% and flies at 30%, while feed and water samples at 17.5% and 12.5%, respectively. The present study indicated the high occurrence and wide dissemination of ESBL-EC in chickens and poultry farms environment. The ESBL-EC occurrence was associated with several factors including imprudent use of antibiotics, poor husbandry, management and biosecurity practices at the farms.

Conclusions

Our study showed the presence and spread of ESBL EC among chickens in the farms and their environment; this may lead to being spread to outside of farm environment by flies, vermins, flying birds, litter and farm wastes and possibly to humans upon contact with the contaminated environment and by poultry meat. Thus, the findings of the study can assist to serve as a piece of useful information to veterinary authority in designing evidence-based mitigation strategies for the control of ESBL-EC in poultry farms.

导言产广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌（ESBL-EC）是一种广泛存在的对多种药物产生耐药性的人畜共患细菌，威胁着包括马来西亚在内的世界各地的动物生产、食品安全和抗菌药物治疗。据报道，家禽是人类接触 ESBL-EC 的途径之一。有关马来西亚家禽食物链中出现的 ESBL-EC 的研究很少。因此，本研究的目的是确定鸡体内 ESBL-EC 的发生率，并确定与家禽养殖场中发生 ESBL-EC 相关的潜在风险因素。方法：采用培养和盘组合方法以及多重聚合酶链反应检测法，对马来西亚雪兰莪州 8 个地区的 400 份样本（包括 240 份来自鸡的泄殖腔拭子和 160 份来自家禽养殖场的泄殖腔拭子）进行了横断面研究。在确定与家禽养殖场出现 ESBL-EC 相关的可能因素时，采用了问卷调查的方式来获取信息和数据。刚柏、巴生和胡鲁雪兰莪的农场发生率最高，分别为 62%、50% 和 50%，其次是八打灵 38%、雪邦 34%、瓜拉惹 26%、瓜拉雪兰莪 24%，最低的是胡鲁兰惹 14%。在研究样本中，鸡的发生率最高，为 45.4%，其次是鸡舍地板（40%）和苍蝇（30%），而饲料和水样本的发生率分别为 17.5% 和 12.5%。本研究表明，ESBL-EC 在鸡和家禽养殖场环境中的发生率高，传播范围广。我们的研究表明，ESBL-EC 在养殖场及其环境中的存在和传播；这可能导致其通过苍蝇、害虫、飞鸟、垃圾和养殖场废物传播到养殖场以外的环境，并可能在接触受污染的环境和禽肉后传播给人类。因此，这项研究的结果可为兽医当局提供有用信息，帮助其制定以证据为基础的缓解策略，控制家禽养殖场中的 ESBL-EC 感染。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Epidemic Situation of Anthrax in Armenia Over the Last Decade 对过去十年亚美尼亚炭疽疫情的评估

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13181

Satenik Kharatyan, Khachik Sargsyan, Hasmik Elbakyan, Varduhi Hakobyan, Vazgen Sargsyan, Gayane Chobanyan, Manvel Badalyan, Tigran Markosyan

IntroductionAnthrax is a World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)‐listed disease that must be reported upon confirmation based on the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Anthrax poses a serious health issue for unvaccinated livestock, is a threat to humans through interaction with contaminated livestock and animal products and is endemic in many areas throughout the world, including the Transcaucasian Region. Despite several control and eradication efforts that have been implemented by the government of the Republic of Armenia (RA), sporadic cases of anthrax are still reported. We sought to understand the epidemic situation of anthrax in RA during the last 10 years (2012–2023) based on analysis of outbreaks and reported cases in cattle and humans.MethodsWe collected and evaluated officially reported data from human and animal cases, such as time, location, animal species, disease intensity and spread radius. The data and various parameters were mapped using ArcGIS to prepare a viable risk assessment.ResultsBased on the officially available data and reports, there have been 80 human cases and 55 animal cases of anthrax confirmed in RA from 2012 to 2023. We also identified the presence of anthrax spores in soil and environmental samples near animal burial sites in RA in 2015–2017 through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Upon comparing the human and animal cases by frequency and intensity, the human cases are directly proportional to the animal husbandry practices performed in RA.ConclusionThe detection of the anthrax pathogen at the burial sites highlights the continued threat in these areas. Thus, it is imperative to secure and monitor any areas that have been used for anthrax burial and limit the movement of animals in these areas. In the future, legislation should be updated to prioritise incineration of anthrax‐infected carcasses instead of burial to limit further exposure to animals and humans.

导言炭疽是世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）列入清单的疾病，必须根据《陆生动物卫生法典》在确认后报告。炭疽对未接种疫苗的牲畜造成严重的健康问题，并通过与受污染的牲畜和动物产品的相互作用对人类构成威胁，而且在包括外高加索地区在内的世界许多地区都是地方病。尽管亚美尼亚共和国（RA）政府采取了多项控制和根除措施，但仍有零星炭疽病例的报道。我们试图根据对牛和人类炭疽疫情和报告病例的分析，了解过去 10 年（2012-2023 年）亚美尼亚炭疽的流行情况。方法我们收集并评估了官方报告的人类和动物病例数据，如时间、地点、动物种类、疾病强度和传播半径。结果根据官方提供的数据和报告，从 2012 年到 2023 年，亚美尼亚共确诊 80 例人类炭疽病例和 55 例动物炭疽病例。我们还通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）检测发现，2015-2017 年在亚美尼亚共和国动物埋葬地附近的土壤和环境样本中存在炭疽孢子。通过比较人类和动物病例的频率和强度，人类病例与 RA 的动物饲养方式成正比。因此，当务之急是保护和监控任何曾被用于炭疽埋葬的地区，并限制动物在这些地区的活动。今后，应更新立法，优先焚烧而不是掩埋感染炭疽病的尸体，以限制动物和人类进一步接触炭疽病。

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引用次数: 0

Toxoplasma gondii DNA in Tissues of Anadromous Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpinus, Collected From Nunavik, Québec, Canada 从加拿大魁北克努纳维克采集的溯河北极鲑鱼组织中的弓形虫 DNA

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13175

Harriet Merks, Renessa Gomes, Shawna Zhu, Mahdid Meymandy, Sarah J. Reiling, Sara Bolduc, Julien Mainguy, Brent R. Dixon

Background

Toxoplasma gondii is a very common zoonotic parasite in humans and animals worldwide. Human seroprevalence is high in some regions of Canada's North and is thought to be associated with the consumption of traditionally prepared country foods, such as caribou, walrus, ringed seal and beluga. While numerous studies have reported on the prevalence of T. gondii in these animals, in the general absence of felid definitive hosts in the North there has been considerable debate regarding the source of infection, particularly in marine mammals. It has been proposed that fish could be involved in this transmission.

Aims

The objectives of the present study were to perform a targeted survey to determine the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in various tissues of anadromous Arctic charr sampled in Nunavik, Québec, and to investigate the possible role of this commonly consumed fish in the transmission of infection to humans and marine mammals in Canada's North.

Methods and Results

A total of 126 individual Arctic charr were sampled from several sites in Nunavik, and various tissues were tested for the presence of T. gondii DNA using PCR. Overall, 12 out of 126 (9.5%) Arctic charr tested in the present study were PCR-positive, as confirmed by DNA sequencing. Brain tissue was most commonly found to be positive, followed by heart tissue, while none of the dorsal muscle samples tested were positive.

Conclusions

Although the presence of T. gondii DNA in brain and heart tissues of Arctic charr is very intriguing, infection in these fish, and their possible role in the transmission of this parasite to humans and marine mammals, will need to be confirmed using mouse bioassays. Arctic charr are likely exposed to T. gondii through the ingestion of oocysts transported by surface water and ocean currents from more southerly regions where the definitive felid hosts are more abundant. If infection in Arctic charr can be confirmed, it is possible that these fish could play an important role in the transmission of toxoplasmosis to Inuit, either directly through the consumption of raw fish or indirectly through the infection of fish-eating marine mammals harvested as country foods.

背景弓形虫是一种非常常见的人畜共患寄生虫，在世界各地的人类和动物中都有感染。加拿大北部一些地区的人类血清流行率很高，据认为这与食用传统的乡村食物（如驯鹿、海象、环斑海豹和白鲸）有关。虽然许多研究报告了这些动物中的淋病双球菌流行情况，但由于北方地区普遍缺乏猫科动物的确定宿主，因此关于感染源，尤其是海洋哺乳动物的感染源，一直存在大量争议。本研究的目的是进行一次有针对性的调查，以确定在魁北克努纳维克采样的溯河北极鲑鱼各种组织中的淋病双球菌 DNA 的流行率，并调查这种常吃的鱼类在加拿大北部地区向人类和海洋哺乳动物传播感染中可能扮演的角色。方法与结果在努纳维克的几个地点共采集了126条北极鲑鱼样本，并利用PCR技术检测了各种组织中是否存在淋病双球菌DNA。总体而言，本研究检测的126只北极红点鲑中有12只（9.5%）PCR呈阳性，DNA测序结果也证实了这一点。结论虽然北极红点鲑的脑组织和心脏组织中出现了淋病双球菌 DNA 的现象非常引人关注，但这些鱼类是否感染了淋病双球菌，以及它们在将这种寄生虫传播给人类和海洋哺乳动物方面可能扮演的角色，还需要使用小鼠生物测定法进行确认。北极红点鲑很可能是通过摄入由地表水和洋流从南方地区传播过来的卵囊而感染了淋病双球菌，因为南方地区的猫科动物宿主更多。如果能证实北极红点鲑感染弓形虫，那么这些鱼类就有可能在向因纽特人传播弓形虫病的过程中扮演重要角色，要么直接通过食用生鱼，要么间接通过感染作为乡村食物捕获的食鱼海洋哺乳动物。

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引用次数: 0

Excess Healthcare Costs and Resource Utilisation of Lyme Borreliosis in Germany: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study. 德国莱姆病的超额医疗成本和资源利用：倾向得分匹配队列研究》。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13180

Gordon Brestrich, Joanna Diesing, Nils Kossack, James H Stark, Andreas Pilz, Holly Yu, Jochen Suess

Aim: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Germany; however, data on the economic burden of LB are limited. In this study, we aim to report healthcare costs, healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and diagnostic consumption associated with LB by clinical manifestation.

Method: Using specific case definitions, patients with localised disease (erythema migrans [EM]) or disseminated disease (Lyme arthritis [LA], Lyme neuroborreliosis [LNB] and other rarer manifestations [OTH]) were identified from a claims database in 2016 and followed up for 3 years (2016-2019). After propensity score matching, excess costs and HCRU were calculated as the differences between each LB cohort and the matched control cohort.

Results: On a per-patient basis, the excess all-cause healthcare cost was €130 for EM during Quarter 1 of Year 1, and €1539 for LA, €3248 for LNB and €4137 for OTH during Year 1. Only for OTH, additional €1860 was observed in Year 2. No increase in costs was observed in Year 3. When extrapolated to all German patients with statutory health insurance, LB was associated with €64.5 million in excess costs. Although disseminated manifestations only accounted for 7.8% of all LB cases, they were responsible for 66% of overall costs. In addition, LB patients consumed healthcare resources of 1.4 million excess outpatient visits, 13,000 excess hospitalisations, 96,000 ELISAs and 65,000 Western blots.

Conclusion: This study shows the substantial economic burden of LB to the German healthcare system.

目的：莱姆包虫病（Lyme borreliosis，LB）是德国最常见的蜱媒疾病；然而，有关 LB 经济负担的数据却很有限。在这项研究中，我们旨在按临床表现报告与莱姆病相关的医疗成本、医疗资源利用率（HCRU）和诊断消耗：采用特定的病例定义，从2016年的理赔数据库中确定了局部疾病（迁徙性红斑[EM]）或播散性疾病（莱姆关节炎[LA]、莱姆神经性包虫病[LNB]和其他罕见表现[OTH]）患者，并对其进行了为期3年（2016-2019年）的随访。经过倾向得分匹配后，计算出每个 LB 队列与匹配对照队列之间的超额费用和 HCRU 差异：按每名患者计算，EM 在第一年第一季度的超额全因医疗成本为 130 欧元，LA 为 1539 欧元，LNB 为 3248 欧元，OTH 为 4137 欧元。只有 OTH 在第二年增加了 1860 欧元。第 3 年的费用没有增加。推断所有德国法定医疗保险患者的情况，LB 会带来 6450 万欧元的超额费用。虽然播散性表现只占所有枸杞病例的 7.8%，但却占总费用的 66%。此外，枸杞病患者还多花费了140万次门诊就诊、1.3万次住院治疗、9.6万次酶联免疫吸附试验和6.5万次免疫印迹等医疗资源：这项研究表明，枸橼酸结肠炎给德国医疗系统造成了巨大的经济负担。

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引用次数: 0

The Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection Among Humans in Heilongjiang Province of China in 2020–2023 2020-2023 年中国黑龙江省人类蜱传脑炎病毒感染流行情况。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13178

Denghui Chen, Yaxian Lu, Wei Wang, Yu Zhang, Tianlu Liu, Hetong Liu, Lu Zhang, Xiaohong Peng, Shouxu Lv, Zedong Wang, Wenzhong Wu, Zhijun Hou

Background and Aims

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a serious and acute central nervous system infection caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In recent years, TBE has emerged as a growing public health threat, with cases reported across Europe, the Russian Far East, Japan and China. This study aims to assess the prevalence of TBEV infection and examine behaviours associated with an increased risk of infection among individuals who visited the Heilongjiang Red Cross Sengong General Hospital due to tick bites from 2020 to 2023.

Methods and Results

We collected blood samples and administered survey questionnaires from tick-bitten people. A total of 457 samples were screened using Nested PCR, and the detected TBEV prevalence rate was 29.54% (135/457). The symptoms of redness and swelling at the site of tick bite (42.57%), fever (28.71%) and headache (10.89%) were identified in the TBEV-positive individuals when they visited the hospital by the physician. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial E gene of TBEV revealed that the predominant strains in the region are highly virulent Far Eastern subtype. However, they do not cluster with the three established evolutionary clades of the Far Eastern type. Questionnaires data analysis identified age and first tick bite as important factors associated with TBEV infection.

Conclusions

This study provides basic information on the epidemiology of TBEV in Heilongjiang Province in recent years and identifies that the most related risk factor of infecting TBEV is tick exposure. Further research is needed to develop effective prevention and control measures.

背景和目的：蜱传脑炎（TBE）是由蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）引起的一种严重的急性中枢神经系统感染。近年来，蜱传脑炎已成为一种日益严重的公共卫生威胁，欧洲、俄罗斯远东地区、日本和中国都有病例报告。本研究旨在评估2020年至2023年期间因蜱虫叮咬到黑龙江省红十字森工总医院就诊的患者中TBEV的感染率，并研究与感染风险增加相关的行为：我们采集了被蜱虫叮咬者的血液样本并发放了调查问卷。使用巢式 PCR 对 457 份样本进行了筛查，发现 TBEV 感染率为 29.54%（135/457）。蜱虫叮咬部位红肿（42.57%）、发热（28.71%）和头痛（10.89%）等症状是 TBEV 阳性者在就医时被医生发现的。对 TBEV 部分 E 基因的系统发育分析表明，该地区的主要毒株为高致病性的远东亚型。然而，这些菌株并不属于远东亚型的三个既定进化支系。问卷数据分析显示，年龄和首次被蜱叮咬是与 TBEV 感染相关的重要因素：本研究提供了近年来黑龙江省 TBEV 流行病学的基本信息，并确定了蜱虫暴露是感染 TBEV 的最相关危险因素。要制定有效的预防和控制措施，还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the Transmission Potential of Opisthorchis viverrini and Intestinal Helminths Along the Thailand-Laos Border in Thailand 揭示泰国-老挝边境上的肝包虫（Opisthorchis viverrini）和肠道蠕虫的传播潜力。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13177

Veerachai Thitapakorn, Teva Phanaksri, Siraphatsorn Yusuk, Montinee Pholhelm, Opal Pitaksakulrat, Jutharat Kulsantiwong, Thanakrit Sathavornmanee, Anthicha Kunjantarachot, Thittinan Rojthongpond, Yanwadee Chitkoolsamphan, Sattrachai Prasopdee

Aims

In pursuit of enhancing prevention efforts for the notably high endemic Opisthorchis viverrini infection in lower Mekong sub-region countries, particularly Thailand and Laos, this cross-sectional study investigated the transmission potential of O. viverrini and other intestinal helminths along the Thailand-Laos border in seven Thai villages.

Methods and Results

Human and pet faecal samples, Bithynia snails and cyprinid fish were analysed for helminth infections. Additionally, a questionnaire survey assessed relevant risk factors among the human population. Two groups of helminth infections were detected in humans: foodborne infections (FBIs) including O. viverrini, minute intestinal flukes (MIFs), and Taenia spp., and soil-transmitted infections (STIs) including hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis, with prevalence rates of 7.4%, 0.5%, 2.5%, 0.5%, 2.5% and 3%, respectively. Smoking was identified as a risk factor for O. viverrini infection [adjusted odds ratios (ORa) = 3.12, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.33–7.30, p = 0.009] and FBIs (ORa = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.14–5.33, p = 0.022), while male was a risk factor for FBIs (ORa = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.16–5.94, p = 0.021). In dogs, hookworm, Toxocara spp., Spirometra mansoni, Trichuris vulpis and Hymenolepis diminuta were identified with prevalence rates of 35.6%, 8.1%, 8.1%, 1.2% and 1.2%, respectively. In cats, hookworm, Toxocara spp., S. mansoni, Strongyloides spp., Platynosomum fastosum, MIFs and H. diminuta were identified with prevalence rates of 50%, 17.9%, 10.7%, 7.1%, 3.6%, 3.6% and 3.6%, respectively. Bithynia snails showed 2% virgulate and 0.7% unknown cercariae infections, while among 19 cyprinid fish species, only unknown metacercariae were found.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the necessity of an integrated approach following the One Health concept to effectively combat these parasitic diseases while addressing human, animal and environmental health.

目的：为了加强对湄公河下游次区域国家（尤其是泰国和老挝）流行性极高的Opisthorchis viverrini感染的预防工作，本横断面研究调查了泰国-老挝边境七个村庄中Opisthorchis viverrini和其他肠道蠕虫的传播潜力：方法和结果：对人类和宠物的粪便样本、Bithynia 蜗牛和青鱼进行了蠕虫感染分析。此外，还通过问卷调查评估了人类的相关风险因素。在人类中发现了两类蠕虫感染：食源性感染（FBI），包括卵圆线虫、微小肠吸虫和陶氏虫；以及土壤传播感染（STI），包括钩虫和盘尾丝虫，感染率分别为 7.4%、0.5%、2.5%、0.5%、2.5% 和 3%。吸烟被认为是O. viverrini感染[调整后的几率比（ORa）= 3.12，95% 置信区间（CI）：1.33-7.30，p = 0.009]和FBIs（ORa = 2.47，95% CI：1.14-5.33，p = 0.022）的风险因素，而男性是FBIs（ORa = 2.62，95% CI：1.16-5.94，p = 0.021）的风险因素。在狗中，钩虫、弓形虫属、曼氏螺旋体、秃毛滴虫和小圆线虫的感染率分别为 35.6%、8.1%、8.1%、1.2% 和 1.2%。在猫中，发现了钩虫、弓形虫属、曼氏钩虫、强直丝虫属、快速板线虫、MIFs 和 H. diminuta，流行率分别为 50%、17.9%、10.7%、7.1%、3.6%、3.6% 和 3.6%。在 19 种鲤科鱼类中，只发现了未知的蛔虫：我们的研究结果表明，有必要按照 "一个健康 "的理念采取综合方法，在解决人类、动物和环境健康问题的同时，有效防治这些寄生虫病。

{"title":"Unveiling the Transmission Potential of Opisthorchis viverrini and Intestinal Helminths Along the Thailand-Laos Border in Thailand","authors":"Veerachai Thitapakorn, Teva Phanaksri, Siraphatsorn Yusuk, Montinee Pholhelm, Opal Pitaksakulrat, Jutharat Kulsantiwong, Thanakrit Sathavornmanee, Anthicha Kunjantarachot, Thittinan Rojthongpond, Yanwadee Chitkoolsamphan, Sattrachai Prasopdee","doi":"10.1111/zph.13177","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13177","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In pursuit of enhancing prevention efforts for the notably high endemic <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> infection in lower Mekong sub-region countries, particularly Thailand and Laos, this cross-sectional study investigated the transmission potential of <i>O. viverrini</i> and other intestinal helminths along the Thailand-Laos border in seven Thai villages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human and pet faecal samples, <i>Bithynia</i> snails and cyprinid fish were analysed for helminth infections. Additionally, a questionnaire survey assessed relevant risk factors among the human population. Two groups of helminth infections were detected in humans: foodborne infections (FBIs) including <i>O. viverrini</i>, minute intestinal flukes (MIFs), and <i>Taenia</i> spp., and soil-transmitted infections (STIs) including hookworm and <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>, with prevalence rates of 7.4%, 0.5%, 2.5%, 0.5%, 2.5% and 3%, respectively. Smoking was identified as a risk factor for <i>O. viverrini</i> infection [adjusted odds ratios (ORa) = 3.12, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.33–7.30, <i>p</i> = 0.009] and FBIs (ORa = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.14–5.33, <i>p</i> = 0.022), while male was a risk factor for FBIs (ORa = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.16–5.94, <i>p</i> = 0.021). In dogs, hookworm, <i>Toxocara</i> spp., <i>Spirometra mansoni</i>, <i>Trichuris vulpis</i> and <i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i> were identified with prevalence rates of 35.6%, 8.1%, 8.1%, 1.2% and 1.2%, respectively. In cats, hookworm, <i>Toxocara</i> spp., <i>S. mansoni</i>, <i>Strongyloides</i> spp., <i>Platynosomum fastosum</i>, MIFs and <i>H. diminuta</i> were identified with prevalence rates of 50%, 17.9%, 10.7%, 7.1%, 3.6%, 3.6% and 3.6%, respectively. <i>Bithynia</i> snails showed 2% virgulate and 0.7% unknown cercariae infections, while among 19 cyprinid fish species, only unknown metacercariae were found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings underscore the necessity of an integrated approach following the One Health concept to effectively combat these parasitic diseases while addressing human, animal and environmental health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 8","pages":"942-954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Updated Review on the Spatial Distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Across Ticks, Animals and Humans in Northeastern China and Adjacent Regions 中国东北及毗邻地区蜱虫、动物和人类之间的原发性包柔氏包虫病空间分布最新回顾。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13176

Ruixuan Dong, Ruying Fang, Xin Yang, Yifan Sun, Yinsheng Zhang, Sen Li

Background

Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and is prevalent in northeastern Asia, particularly in the forested area of Northeastern China. However, a lack of systematic data on the spatial distribution of B. burgdorferi in this region hinders the prediction of its transmission risk across the landscape.

Methods

To provide an updated overview and establish a comprehensive spatial distribution database, we conducted a systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2022. We collected and compiled relevant data on B. burgdorferi in Northeastern China and its neighbouring regions, outlining its distribution in ticks, wild animals, livestock and humans. Spatial analysis was performed to identify spatial clusters of tick positivity and host infection rates.

Results

From a total of 1823 literature, we selected 110 references to compile 626 detection records of B. burgdorferi, including 288 in ticks, 109 in wildlife, 111 in livestock and domestic animals and 100 in humans. The average detection rate of B. burgdorferi in ticks was approximately 20%, with wildlife, livestock and domestic animal host positivity rates below 50% and human seroprevalence rates varying from 0.94% to 44.18%.

Conclusions

The study identified the presence of 17 tick species and ten genotypes of B. burgdorferi in the region, indicating a broad distribution. Notably, B. burgdorferi exhibited notable clustering, particularly in the central and eastern areas of Jilin Province, warranting further investigation.

背景：莱姆病是一种由常染色体包柔氏包虫（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato）引起的蜱媒人畜共患病，流行于亚洲东北部，尤其是中国东北部的森林地区。然而，由于缺乏该地区博氏包虫病空间分布的系统数据，因此无法预测其在各地的传播风险：为了提供最新概况并建立一个全面的空间分布数据库，我们对 2000 年至 2022 年间发表的文献进行了系统回顾。我们收集并汇编了中国东北及其邻近地区布氏杆菌的相关数据，概述了其在蜱虫、野生动物、家畜和人类中的分布情况。通过空间分析，确定了蜱阳性和宿主感染率的空间集群：结果：我们从1823篇文献中选取了110篇参考文献，整理出626条布氏菌的检测记录，其中288条在蜱虫中检测到，109条在野生动物中检测到，111条在家畜和家养动物中检测到，100条在人类中检测到。蜱虫中布氏菌的平均检出率约为 20%，野生动物、家畜和家养动物宿主阳性率低于 50%，人类血清阳性率从 0.94% 到 44.18% 不等：该研究确定了该地区存在的 17 种蜱虫和 10 种布氏酵母菌基因型，表明其分布广泛。值得注意的是，布氏蜱表现出明显的集群性，尤其是在吉林省中部和东部地区，值得进一步调查。

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引用次数: 0

Ecology and molecular analysis of sand flies in Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Implications for leishmaniasis surveillance 巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州班布伊沙蝇的生态学和分子分析：对利什曼病监测的意义。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13173

Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho, Felipe Dutra-Rêgo, José Dilermando Andrade-Filho

Introduction

Leishmaniasis stands out as a public health problem in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, especially in the Midwest region. However, the entomological aspects in several municipalities remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sand fly fauna in Bambuí, encompassing ecological dynamics and molecular detection of Leishmania.

Methods

Monthly collections were conducted using CDC light traps from September 2018 to August 2020 across 16 selected points with urban and rural characteristics, chosen based on the coverage area of the Municipal Health Department and the occurrence of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. Ecological indices of the sand fly population (Chao1, Shannon, Simpson and Pielou) were assessed, and sand fly abundance was correlated to climatic variables (humidity, temperature and rainfall).

Results

A total of 8838 specimens representing 17 species within nine genera were collected (estimated species richness by Chao 1 estimator = 17; SE ± 1.8). Predominantly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani and Evandromyia cortelezzii constituted approximately 98% of all captured sand flies. While species richness and diversity displayed variations throughout the study, a positive correlation emerged between temperature (p < 0.0001; r = 0.7767), monthly rainfall (p < 0.0001; r = 0.7810) and sand fly abundance. Molecular analysis revealed Leishmania DNA in 2.05% of female sand flies, with the presence of Leishmania infantum in Lu. longipalpis and both Le. infantum and Leishmania braziliensis in Ev. cortelezzii.

Conclusions

The entomological data, coupled with the occurrence of autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, offer valuable insights for evidence-based strategies to prevent leishmaniasis in Bambuí.

导言：利什曼病是巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州的一个公共卫生问题，尤其是在中西部地区。然而，一些城市的昆虫学方面的情况仍然不为人知。因此，本研究旨在调查班布伊的沙蝇动物群，包括生态动态和利什曼原虫的分子检测：从 2018 年 9 月到 2020 年 8 月，根据市卫生局的覆盖范围以及犬和人类内脏利什曼病（VL）病例的发生情况，在选定的 16 个具有城市和农村特征的点使用 CDC 灯光诱捕器进行月度采集。评估了沙蝇种群的生态指数（Chao1、Shannon、Simpson和Pielou），并将沙蝇数量与气候变量（湿度、温度和降雨量）相关联：结果：共收集到 8838 个标本，代表 9 个属 17 个物种（按 Chao 1 估算法估算的物种丰富度 = 17；SE ± 1.8）。在所有捕获的沙蝇中，Lutzomyia longipalpis、Nyssomyia whitmani 和 Evandromyia cortelezzii 约占 98%。在整个研究过程中，物种丰富度和多样性都有变化，但温度与物种丰富度和多样性呈正相关（p 结论）：昆虫学数据以及犬内脏利什曼病自生病例的发生，为班布伊预防利什曼病的循证策略提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Orthoflavivirus surveillance in the Netherlands: Insights from a serosurvey in horses & dogs and a questionnaire among horse owners 荷兰的正黄病毒监测：从马和狗的血清调查以及马主问卷中获得的启示。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13171

Kiki Streng, Renate W. Hakze-van der Honing, Heather Graham, Sophie van Oort, Pauline A. de Best, Ayat Abourashed, Wim H. M. van der Poel

Aims

Zoonotic arboviruses (arthropod-borne) of the Orthoflavivirus genus, such as West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV) and Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), are emerging in Northwestern Europe and pose a threat to both human and animal health. In the Netherlands, passive symptomatic surveillance (notification of clinical cases) in horses is one of the main pillars for the early detection of WNV. For such passive surveillance to work properly, horse owners and veterinarians need to recognize symptoms and report suspected cases to the authorities. Currently, little is known about the seroprevalence of orthoflaviviruses in domestic animals in the Netherlands. Therefore, this study aims at identifying the seroprevalence of WNV and USUV in horses and dogs in the Netherlands. Additionally, this study seeks to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of Dutch horse owners towards mosquito-borne viruses.

Methods and Results

A cross-sectional serosurvey in horses and dogs was conducted between May 2021 and May 2022. Serum samples were screened using an ELISA and doubtful and positive samples were confirmed by Virus Neutralization Tests for WNV, USUV and TBEV. A validated questionnaire, the MosquitoWise survey, was used to assess the knowledge and perceptions of Dutch horse owners towards mosquito-borne viruses between July and October 2022. The serosurvey revealed a low seroprevalence for WNV in horses and no WNV-positive dogs were found. Similarly, a low USUV seroprevalence was found in dogs. The MosquitoWise survey revealed a high knowledge level for horse owners and high awareness of WNV vaccination but a more limited intent to vaccinate.

Conclusions

The low seroprevalences of WNV and USUV indicate many dogs and horses remain susceptible, offering opportunities for trend analysis and surveillance. However, despite multiple recent detections of WNV, USUV, and TBEV in humans, the role of dogs and horses in early detection of human cases is debatable. High awareness among horse owners and the absence of detected equine WNV cases highlight this uncertainty. Continued surveillance is crucial for detecting increased virus circulation and protecting both animal and human health.

目的：西尼罗河病毒（WNV）、乌苏图病毒（USUV）和蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）等正黄病毒属的人畜共患虫媒病毒（节肢动物传播）正在西北欧出现，并对人类和动物健康构成威胁。在荷兰，马匹的被动症状监测（临床病例通报）是早期发现 WNV 的主要支柱之一。要使这种被动监测正常发挥作用，马主和兽医需要识别症状并向当局报告疑似病例。目前，人们对荷兰家畜的正黄病毒血清流行率知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在确定荷兰马和狗的 WNV 和 USUV 血清流行率。此外，本研究还试图评估荷兰马主对蚊媒病毒的了解和看法：在 2021 年 5 月至 2022 年 5 月期间对马和狗进行了横断面血清调查。使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对血清样本进行筛查，并通过病毒中和试验（WNV、USUV 和 TBEV）对可疑样本和阳性样本进行确认。2022 年 7 月至 10 月期间，使用经过验证的调查问卷 "MosquitoWise "来评估荷兰马主对蚊媒病毒的了解和看法。血清调查显示，马匹的 WNV 血清阳性率较低，没有发现 WNV 阳性的狗。同样，狗的 USUV 血清阳性率也很低。MosquitoWise 调查显示，马主的知识水平较高，对接种 WNV 疫苗的意识较强，但接种疫苗的意向较为有限：WNV和USUV的低血清流行率表明许多狗和马仍然是易感人群，这为趋势分析和监测提供了机会。然而，尽管最近在人类中多次检测到 WNV、USUV 和 TBEV，但狗和马在人类病例早期检测中的作用仍有待商榷。马主的高度警觉性和马WNV病例的缺失凸显了这一不确定性。持续监测对于检测病毒传播的增加以及保护动物和人类健康至关重要。

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