Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献_第2页

The First Biological Validation of Taenia solium Risk Assessment Tools 猪带绦虫风险评估工具的首次生物学验证。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70023

Andrew Larkins, Davina Boyd, Oula Bouphakaly, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Malavanh Chittavong, Amanda Ash

Introduction

Taenia solium places substantial burden on communities in low and middle-income countries, where neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of preventable epilepsy. Current diagnostic tests for T. solium are not suited for low resource settings or perform poorly. Several risk-assessment tools have been developed to support countries in identifying areas for further T. solium investigation and intervention. These tools are based on risk, rather than disease data, and have yet to be validated against biological results.

Methods

Two national quantitative risk-assessment tools (LISA and MCDA), two local semi-quantitative tools (rapid and in-depth), and a local qualitative tool (workshop) had their performance assessed against biological T. solium taeniasis data from 28 villages. The final risk category, risk score and individual components of each tool were assessed independently against village T. solium status by logistic regression.

Results

T. solium positive villages had higher odds of being high-risk villages for all tools, however, this was only significant for the LISA and workshop tools. For the LISA tool, the median risk score was also significantly greater in positive villages. A unit increase in LISA risk score led to a significant increase in the odds of a village being positive for T. solium. Other tools that calculated risk scores also showed similar results, however, were not statistically significant. All positive villages were hotspots for unimproved toilets by the LISA tool. The open defaecation component of the local rapid tool was the only component of any tool to demonstrate a significant relationship with positive T. solium villages.

Conclusions

This first biological validation of T. solium risk-assessment tools demonstrates that there are multiple tools that should be considered for further development. Supporting endemic countries to implement recently developed risk-assessment tools is consistent with the World Health Organization's goal of intensified control of T. solium in hyperendemic areas.

猪带绦虫给低收入和中等收入国家的社区带来了沉重负担，在这些国家，神经囊虫病是可预防癫痫的主要原因。目前的猪弧菌诊断检测不适合低资源环境或效果不佳。已经开发了若干风险评估工具，以支持各国确定需要进一步调查和干预血吸虫的地区。这些工具是基于风险，而不是疾病数据，并且尚未根据生物学结果进行验证。方法：根据28个村庄的绦虫病生物资料，对2种国家级定量风险评估工具（LISA和MCDA）、2种地方性半定量工具（快速和深入）和1种地方性定性工具（workshop）进行绩效评估。通过logistic回归对最终的风险类别、风险评分和每个工具的各个组成部分进行独立评估，并与村庄茄蚜状况进行比较。结果：猪弓形虫阳性的村庄成为所有工具的高风险村庄的几率更高，然而，这仅对LISA和车间工具有意义。对于LISA工具，阳性村庄的中位风险评分也显着更高。LISA风险评分每增加一个单位，就会导致一个村庄的猪螺旋体呈阳性的几率显著增加。其他计算风险评分的工具也显示出类似的结果，然而，没有统计学意义。所有积极的村庄都是LISA工具未改善厕所的热点。当地快速工具的露天排便成分是所有工具中唯一显示与猪绦虫阳性村庄有显著关系的成分。结论：这是首次对猪弧菌风险评估工具进行生物学验证，表明有多种工具需要考虑进一步开发。支持流行国家实施最近开发的风险评估工具符合世界卫生组织在高流行地区加强控制猪绦虫的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Biosecurity Uptake and Perceived Risk of Avian Influenza Among People in Contact With Birds 接触鸟类人群的生物安全认知和禽流感风险感知。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70034

Harry Whitlow, Suzanne Gokool, Genevieve Clapp, Irene Bueno, Mariam Logunleko, Peter Moore, Sarah Masterton, Jo Taylor-Egbeyemi, Ian Brown, Riinu Pae, Louise E. Smith, Ellen Brooks-Pollock, Amy C. Thomas

Introduction

Recent intercontinental spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) among kept and wild birds, and transmission to mammalian hosts, including cattle and humans, has heightened the need to review public health risk assessments. Biosecurity measures (BMs) are essential for limiting disease spread, but how widely different practices are implemented is not fully known.

Methods

Here, we report on the uptake of BMs and risk perception of avian influenza virus (AIV) in the context of preventing zoonotic transmission to persons potentially at high risk of exposure. Questionnaire data from 225 people in contact with birds in the UK (Avian Contact Study, May to July 2024) were analysed.

Results

We found hand washing after contact with birds was the most common BM implemented (89%, 196 of 218), followed by using disinfecting footwear dips (78%, 170 of 218). Individuals in contact with a higher number of birds were more likely to use at least one personal protective equipment (PPE) measure for the face or body or at least one footwear-related PPE measure. Perceived risk of AIV to bird health was high for individuals in contact with large flocks (≥ 1001 birds) and associated with uptake of at least one footwear-related PPE measure (independent of flock size). Perceived risk of AIV to respondents' own health was low, regardless of the number of birds a respondent had daily contact with.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that routinely used BMs are implemented to limit AIV spread among birds, but not with the purpose of limiting zoonotic transmission from birds to humans. Identifying cohort characteristics which could lead to low BM uptake, alongside barriers and facilitators to BM uptake, is important for informing zoonotic AIV public health campaigns.

导论：最近高致病性禽流感（HPAI） A（H5N1）在饲养和野生鸟类之间的洲际传播，以及向哺乳动物宿主（包括牛和人类）的传播，提高了审查公共卫生风险评估的必要性。生物安全措施（BMs）对于限制疾病传播至关重要，但目前还不完全清楚不同做法的实施范围有多大。方法：在此，我们报告了在预防人畜共患传播给潜在高风险暴露者的背景下，脑转移物的摄取和禽流感病毒（AIV）的风险认知。对英国225名与鸟类接触者的问卷调查数据进行了分析（禽类接触研究，2024年5月至7月）。结果：我们发现与鸟类接触后洗手是最常见的居家卫生措施（89%，218人中196人），其次是使用消毒鞋垫（78%，218人中170人）。接触较多鸟类的个体更有可能对面部或身体使用至少一种个人防护装备（PPE）措施，或至少使用一种与鞋类相关的个人防护装备措施。与大禽群（≥1001只）接触的个体感知到的禽流感对鸟类健康的风险很高，并且与至少一种与鞋类相关的个人防护装备（与禽群大小无关）的吸收有关。无论应答者每天接触多少只禽鸟，对应答者自身健康的感知风险都很低。结论：我们的研究结果表明，常规使用的脑屏障是为了限制AIV在鸟类中的传播，但不是为了限制鸟类向人类的人畜共患传播。确定可能导致乙型肝炎低吸收的队列特征，以及对乙型肝炎吸收的障碍和促进因素，对于向人畜共患的AIV公共卫生运动提供信息非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

‘Bites of Knowledge’: Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens Unveiled Through a Citizen Science Programme in Northern Spain “知识的叮咬”：蜱虫和蜱传病原体通过西班牙北部的公民科学计划揭晓。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70030

Javier Millán, Ruth Rodríguez-Pastor, Clara Muñoz-Hernández, Marta Sánchez-Sánchez, Alberto Moraga-Fernández, Natalia Fernández-Ruiz, Isabel G. Fernández de Mera, Agustín Estrada-Peña

Introduction

We present the findings of a citizen science project conducted in the Autonomous Region of Aragón (northern Spain), which engaged rural schoolchildren, wildlife rangers, hunters, and members of the general public.

Methods

Over the course of one year (April 2022–April 2023; three months for the schoolchildren), participants collected a total of 913 ticks (98.8% adult specimens) representing 13 species from across the region. The contributions included 373 ticks collected by schoolchildren, 319 by hunters, 108 by rangers, 91 by other volunteers, and 22 by the research team. Of these, 54 ticks were gathered from vegetation, 422 from wildlife (spanning nine animal species), 362 from pets, 44 from humans, and 30 from livestock.

Results

Species identified were Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.s., Rhipicephalus pusillus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes frontalis, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Haemaphysalis inermis, Hyalomma marginatum, and Hyalomma lusitanicum. DNA of a subset of 349 individual ticks was extracted and the presence of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasmataceae, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the latter, only in Ixodes spp.) was analysed either individually (n = 62) or in pools containing 2–5 ticks (n = 79), of which 101 resulted positive: 88 were positive for Rickettsia spp., revealing the presence of Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia slovaca, Rickettsia conorii subsp. raoultii, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia hoogstraalii, Rickettsia helvetica, and Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae; 34 for Anaplasmataceae (both Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp., but in many cases was identified as endosymbionts); and three for B. burgdorferi s.l., with only one readable sequence (Borrelia valaisiana). Pathogens detected in ticks from humans included R. massiliae (n = 3), R. conorii raoultii, R. aeschlimannii and Ca. R. barbariae.

Conclusions

This study identified previously unreported tick-host-pathogen associations and contributed to raising awareness about the public health significance of ticks and strategies for their prevention.

引言：我们介绍了在Aragón（西班牙北部）自治区开展的一项公民科学项目的研究结果，该项目涉及农村学童、野生动物护林员、猎人和普通公众。方法：在一年中（2022年4月至2023年4月，学龄儿童3个月），在该地区共采集了13种蜱虫913只，其中成虫98.8%。这些蜱虫包括373只来自学童，319只来自猎人，108只来自护林员，91只来自其他志愿者，22只来自研究团队。其中，54只蜱来自植被，422只来自野生动物（涵盖9种动物），362只来自宠物，44只来自人类，30只来自牲畜。结果：鉴定出的蜱种有血头蜱、血头蜱、刺头蜱、囊头蜱、边缘蜱、六角形蜱、蓖麻蜱、额形蜱、斑点血蜱、沟血蜱、隐血蜱、边缘透明虫和lusitanicum。提取349只蜱的DNA，分别对单个蜱（n = 62）或2-5只蜱群（n = 79）进行立克次体、无形体蜱科蜱和伯氏疏螺旋体（后者仅存在于伊蚊属）的检测，其中101例呈阳性，88例为立克次体阳性，提示存在马氏立克次体、slovaca立克次体、conorii立克次体亚种。拉乌尔氏体、埃氏立克次体、胡氏立克次体、海尔氏立克次体和野蛮立克次体候选体；34个为无原体科（包括埃利希体和无原体，但在许多情况下被确定为内共生体）；burgdorferi s.l有3个，只有一个可读序列（Borrelia valaisiana）。从人蜱中检出的病原体包括马尾蚴、拉乌尔氏恙螨、埃氏曼氏恙螨和野蛮蜱。结论：本研究确定了以前未报道的蜱-宿主-病原体关联，并有助于提高对蜱的公共卫生意义和预防策略的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis Revealed High Genetic Diversity and Drug-Resistant Characteristics of Mycobacterium bovis From Chinese Farms 全基因组测序分析揭示了中国农场牛分枝杆菌的高遗传多样性和耐药特征。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70026

Xinyue Li, Yuhui Dong, Ruida Xing, Dan Su, Bing Zhao, Shaojun Pei, Xiaolong Cao, Ruiqing Zhang, Jiangyong Zeng, Dongjing Wang, Weixing Fan, Hui Xia, Shengfen Wang, Xichao Ou, Yanlin Zhao

Introduction

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has a certain incidence on farms in China, but little is known about its prevalence and the pathogenic Mycobacterium species. With the increasing application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS), it is now possible to investigate the genomic diversity, lineage distribution, and drug resistance profiles of M. bovis at high resolution.

Methods

In this study, we sequenced 29 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates from two farms in China and incorporated genomic data from 79 publicly available M. bovis isolates from cattle farms in China for a comprehensive genomic analysis.

Results

The majority of the 106 M. bovis isolates (63.2%, 67/106) belong to lineage La1.4. The dataset was screened for isolates of two known clonal complexes, Eu1 and Eu3, corresponding to La1.8.1 and La1.2, respectively. In silico spoligotyping revealed nine previously identified profiles, and the most common spoligotype in this study is SB1903. All isolates have the H57D mutation in the pncA gene associated with pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance. 16.0% (17/106) of isolates have resistance mutations to first- or second-line drugs other than PZA, with one isolate classified as pre-XDR-TB. The distribution of cluster strains suggests the possibility of recent transmission and outbreak in the two farms. It is noted that two M. tuberculosis isolates from tissue samples had detectable drug resistance mutations.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide the basis for in-depth analysis of genomic population characteristics and drug resistance of M. bovis in China. It should be noted that close contact between humans and cattle increases the risk of M. tuberculosis transmission from humans to cattle in rural areas or developing countries with low levels of human-animal separation.

牛结核病（bTB）在中国的农场有一定的发病率，但对其患病率和致病分枝杆菌种类知之甚少。随着全基因组测序（WGS）技术的日益普及，对牛支原体的基因组多样性、谱系分布和耐药谱的高分辨率研究成为可能。方法：在这项研究中，我们对来自中国两个牛场的29株结核分枝杆菌复合体（MTBC）进行了测序，并结合了来自中国牛场的79株公开的牛分枝杆菌分离株的基因组数据进行了全面的基因组分析。结果：106株牛分枝杆菌分离株中La1.4系占63.2% (67/106)；该数据集筛选了两个已知克隆复合物Eu1和Eu3的分离株，分别对应La1.8.1和La1.2。在硅片上，spoligotyping揭示了9个先前确定的谱，本研究中最常见的spoligotype是SB1903。所有分离株均存在与吡嗪酰胺（PZA）耐药性相关的pncA基因H57D突变。16.0%（17/106）的分离株对PZA以外的一线或二线药物有耐药突变，其中1个分离株被归类为前广泛耐药结核。群集菌株的分布表明，这两个农场最近可能发生了传播和疫情。值得注意的是，从组织样本中分离出的两株结核分枝杆菌具有可检测到的耐药突变。结论：本研究结果为深入分析中国牛分枝杆菌的基因组种群特征和耐药性提供了依据。应当指出，人与牛之间的密切接触增加了农村地区或人与动物分离程度较低的发展中国家人向牛传播结核分枝杆菌的风险。

{"title":"Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis Revealed High Genetic Diversity and Drug-Resistant Characteristics of Mycobacterium bovis From Chinese Farms","authors":"Xinyue Li, Yuhui Dong, Ruida Xing, Dan Su, Bing Zhao, Shaojun Pei, Xiaolong Cao, Ruiqing Zhang, Jiangyong Zeng, Dongjing Wang, Weixing Fan, Hui Xia, Shengfen Wang, Xichao Ou, Yanlin Zhao","doi":"10.1111/zph.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has a certain incidence on farms in China, but little is known about its prevalence and the pathogenic <i>Mycobacterium</i> species. With the increasing application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS), it is now possible to investigate the genomic diversity, lineage distribution, and drug resistance profiles of <i>M. bovis</i> at high resolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we sequenced 29 <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (MTBC) isolates from two farms in China and incorporated genomic data from 79 publicly available <i>M. bovis</i> isolates from cattle farms in China for a comprehensive genomic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of the 106 <i>M. bovis</i> isolates (63.2%, 67/106) belong to lineage La1.4. The dataset was screened for isolates of two known clonal complexes, Eu1 and Eu3, corresponding to La1.8.1 and La1.2, respectively. In silico spoligotyping revealed nine previously identified profiles, and the most common spoligotype in this study is SB1903. All isolates have the H57D mutation in the <i>pncA</i> gene associated with pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance. 16.0% (17/106) of isolates have resistance mutations to first- or second-line drugs other than PZA, with one isolate classified as pre-XDR-TB. The distribution of cluster strains suggests the possibility of recent transmission and outbreak in the two farms. It is noted that two <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates from tissue samples had detectable drug resistance mutations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this study provide the basis for in-depth analysis of genomic population characteristics and drug resistance of <i>M. bovis</i> in China. It should be noted that close contact between humans and cattle increases the risk of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> transmission from humans to cattle in rural areas or developing countries with low levels of human-animal separation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 2","pages":"128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increased Borrelia burgdorferi Seroprevalence in Nova Scotia—Prevalence and Distribution 10 Years Later 10年后新斯科舍省伯氏疏螺旋体的流行和分布

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70033

Carrie Phillips, Colleen Jackson, Linda Passerini, Kathryn McIsaac, Courtney Loomer, Heather Coatsworth, Jennifer Cram, Elizabeth Simms, David Haldane, Todd F. Hatchette, Glenn Patriquin

Lyme disease (LD), a tick-borne infection, is endemic in Nova Scotia. One decade ago, the seropositivity rate to Borrelia burgdorferi was 2/1855 (0.14%). In the current study, using residual sera representing ages 10–64 years, we demonstrate an increase in seroprevalence, to 25/1872 (1.60%), with the highest seroprevalence in the western area of the province.

莱姆病是一种蜱传传染病，在新斯科舍省流行。10年前，伯氏疏螺旋体血清阳性率为2/1855（0.14%）。在目前的研究中，使用代表10-64岁的残余血清，我们发现血清阳性率增加到25/1872(1.60%)，其中该省西部地区的血清阳性率最高。

引用次数: 0

Molecular Screening of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) for Vector-Borne Zoonotic Pathogens, South Moravia, Czech Republic 南摩拉维亚黑蝇（双翅目：拟蝇科）媒介传播人畜共患病病原体的分子筛选。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70031

Silvie Šikutová, Kristína Mravcová, Jan Mendel, Oldřich Šebesta, Bohumil Sak, Nikola Holubová, Martin Kváč, Clifton McKee, Peter H. Adler, D. Otranto, Ivo Rudolf

Introduction

Black flies (Simuliidae) are globally distributed blood-feeding arthropods and vectors of viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens to many animal species, including humans. We investigated the occurrence of selected vector-borne pathogens in black flies in South Moravia, Czech Republic, and evaluated their possible role in the circulation of vector-borne pathogens.

Methods

A total of 11,600 black flies comprising four species of the genus Simulium, namely Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776), Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum (Meigen, 1804), Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924), and Simulium (Wilhelmia) turgaicum (Rubtsov, 1940) were pooled and screened for the following arthropod-borne pathogens and parasites endemic in Central Europe: viruses (alphaviruses, bunyaviruses and flaviviruses), bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, and Brucella spp.), protista (Babesia spp., Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon spp.) and filaria (Dirofilaria spp., Setaria spp., and Onchocerca spp.).

Results

Almost all pools were negative for known arthropod-borne pathogens and parasites. However, four new Bartonella spp. variants were found that share similarity with other bartonellae reported from diverse arthropods and humans. The phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella sequences from Czech black flies provides further evidence about an expanding diversity of Bartonella lineages in arthropods globally, including hematophagous species (e.g., ticks, mosquitoes, and biting flies) and non-hematophagous species (e.g., bees and ants). These bartonellae have the potential to cause pathogenic infections in humans who are exposed to arthropods carrying these bacteria.

Conclusions

Summing up, this study provides for the very first time valuable data for characterising the risk to public and veterinary health from black flies and the infections they may carry in Europe. Further testing, however, should include a wider geographic, seasonal, and taxonomic range of black flies.

简介：黑蝇（拟蝇科）是全球分布的血食性节肢动物，是包括人类在内的许多动物的病毒、细菌和寄生虫病原体的载体。我们调查了捷克共和国南摩拉维亚黑蝇中选定的媒介传播病原体的发生情况，并评估了它们在媒介传播病原体传播中的可能作用。方法：收集中欧地区流行的4种黑蝇，即赤头黑蝇（De Geer, 1776）、lineatum黑蝇（Meigen, 1804）、balcanicum黑蝇（Enderlein, 1924）和turgaicum黑蝇（Rubtsov, 1940）共11600只。病毒（甲病毒、布尼亚病毒和黄病毒）、细菌（感应伯氏疏螺旋体、宫莫氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体体、米库氏新衣体、巴尔通体、立克次体、土拉菌、伯氏Coxiella和布鲁氏菌）、原生生物（巴贝斯虫、脑虫和肠虫）和丝虫病（Dirofilaria、Setaria和盘尾丝虫病）。结果：几乎所有池均未检出已知节肢动物病原和寄生虫。然而，发现了四种新的巴尔通体变种，与其他节肢动物和人类中报道的巴尔通体具有相似性。捷克黑蝇巴尔通体序列的系统发育分析为全球节肢动物巴尔通体谱系的多样性提供了进一步的证据，包括吸血物种（如蜱、蚊子和叮蝇）和非吸血物种（如蜜蜂和蚂蚁）。这些巴尔通体有可能在接触携带这些细菌的节肢动物的人类中引起致病性感染。结论：总而言之，本研究首次为描述黑蝇及其可能携带的感染对欧洲公众和兽医健康的风险提供了有价值的数据。然而，进一步的测试应该包括更广泛的地理、季节和分类范围的黑蝇。

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引用次数: 0

Entomological Surveillance and Risk Mapping of Sand Fly-Borne Diseases in Isfahan Province, Iran (2019–2023) 2019-2023年伊朗伊斯法罕省沙蝇传播疾病昆虫学监测与风险制图

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70029

Sara Rahimi, Abbasali Ghasemi, Azad Absavaran, Atefeh Khazeni, Saideh Yousefi, Madineh Abbasi

Introduction

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health concern in Iran and particularly in Isfahan Province. Although numerous studies have determined the phlebotomine sand-fly fauna and CL occurrence in this region, no dedicated investigation of sand fly spatial distribution and Risk mapping has been conducted in recent years. Furthermore, no previous study has systematically assessed leishmaniasis vectors across 19 distinct sites in this province over a continuous five-year period from 2019 to 2023. Therefore, this study conducted comprehensive entomological surveillance to determine sand fly species composition, seasonal activity, and high-risk transmission zones for C in this endemic area.

Methods

This retrospective study conducted on sand fly entomological surveillance in 10 counties of Isfahan Province from 2019 to 2023, utilising sticky traps for sand fly collection. Collected specimens were identified morphologically, and species distribution, seasonal activity, and abundance trends were analysed using statistical methods. Spatiotemporal maps were created using GIS tools to assess the geographic patterns of sand fly populations.

Results

A total of 17,453 specimens were collected, with Sergentomyia sintoni (48.0%) and Phlebotomus papatasi (30.0%) being the most abundant species. The highest sand fly abundance was recorded in 2022. Seasonal activity patterns varied by species, with S. sintoni and Ph. Papatasi exhibiting bimodal peaks in June and August. The majority of specimens (96.5%) were collected from outdoors, which indicates the exophilic behaviour of sand flies.

Conclusions

Our findings establish an essential basis for public health decision-making and support the formulation of targeted, cost-effective, and ecologically responsible interventions to reduce sand fly populations and mitigate the spread of sand fly-borne diseases.

皮肤利什曼病（CL）是伊朗，特别是伊斯法罕省的一个主要公共卫生问题。虽然已有大量研究确定了该地区白蛉的区系和CL的发生情况，但近年来没有对白蛉的空间分布和风险测绘进行专门的调查。此外，以前没有研究在2019年至2023年的连续五年期间系统评估该省19个不同地点的利什曼病媒介。为此，本研究开展了全面的昆虫学监测，以确定该流行区沙蝇的种类组成、季节活动和C的高危传播区。方法：对2019 - 2023年伊斯法罕省10个县的沙蝇昆虫学监测进行回顾性研究，采用粘捕法采集沙蝇。对采集到的标本进行形态鉴定，并采用统计学方法分析物种分布、季节活动和丰度趋势。利用GIS工具绘制时空图，评估沙蝇种群的地理格局。结果：共采集标本17453份，其中以sintonia Sergentomyia（48.0%）和papatasi Phlebotomus（30.0%）数量最多。2022年是沙蝇数量最多的一年。季节活动模式因种而异，其中sintoni和Papatasi在6月和8月呈现双峰。绝大多数标本（96.5%）采集于室外，表明沙蝇为嗜外生境。结论：本研究结果为公共卫生决策奠定了重要基础，并支持制定有针对性、具有成本效益和生态责任的干预措施，以减少沙蝇种群和减轻沙蝇传播疾病的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Local Maintenance and Genomic Diversity of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Natural Populations of House Mice in the Czech Republic Over a 24-Year Period 24年来捷克共和国家鼠自然种群中淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒的局部维持和基因组多样性

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70028

Ivana Jezkova, Alena Fornůsková, Ľudovít Ďureje, Miloš Macholán, Jaroslav Piálek, Joëlle Goüy de Bellocq

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected rodent-borne zoonotic virus primarily infecting house mice. The virus can be highly pathogenic, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and in congenital infections. LCMV is distributed worldwide but shows local clustering, probably due to the highly structured populations of its hosts and the vertical transmission of the pathogen. These factors should also promote long-term virus persistence in wild populations, yet this aspect remains largely unexplored. To investigate this, we resampled a transect in the western Czech Republic that was primarily studied more than a decade ago. Additionally, we analyzed a sample collection from Buškovice, a locality where LCMV was first detected in 2008, to trace virus presence back to the year 2000. Positive samples underwent whole-genome characterisation to assess the virus's genetic structure over space and time. We detected intermittent presence over 24 years in a geographically limited area, where LCMV was already present in 2000 and remained detectable in 2023. Phylogenetic analysis showed no clear spatio-temporal clustering, suggesting that virus persistence in Buškovice is a dynamic process involving mouse dispersal between neighbouring villages. Given LCMV's zoonotic potential and house mouse synanthropy, these findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring in the region.

淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒（LCMV）是一种被忽视的啮齿动物传播的人畜共患病毒，主要感染家鼠。该病毒可具有高致病性，特别是在免疫功能低下的个体和先天性感染中。LCMV分布在世界各地，但表现出局部聚集性，可能是由于其宿主的高度结构化种群和病原体的垂直传播。这些因素也应促进病毒在野生种群中的长期存在，但这方面在很大程度上仍未得到探索。为了调查这一点，我们在捷克共和国西部重新采样了一个十多年前主要研究的样带。此外，我们分析了来自Buškovice（2008年首次检测到LCMV的地方）的样本收集，将病毒的存在追溯到2000年。阳性样本进行了全基因组表征，以评估病毒随时间和空间的遗传结构。我们在地理上有限的区域检测到24年来间歇性存在，LCMV于2000年已经存在，并在2023年仍可检测到。系统发育分析未发现明显的时空聚类，表明病毒在Buškovice的持续存在是一个动态过程，涉及小鼠在邻近村庄之间的分散。鉴于LCMV的人畜共患潜力和家鼠的共生性，这些发现突出了在该地区持续监测的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Genotyping Reveals Potential Sources of Human Leptospirosis Outbreaks in Aotearoa New Zealand 基因分型揭示新西兰奥特罗阿地区人类钩端螺旋体病暴发的潜在来源

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70022

Shahista Nisa, Stuart Littlejohn, Ahmed Fayaz, Scarlet Deen, Maryna Sokolova, Paul Ogbuigwe, Marie Moinet, Adrian L. Cookson, Julie Collins-Emerson, Chris N. Niebuhr, Emilie Vallee, Jonathan Marshall, Jackie Benschop

Introduction

The introduction of PCR testing for leptospirosis in Aotearoa New Zealand has reduced the availability of serotyping data, and current diagnostic PCRs do not routinely genotype Leptospira. This study genotyped Leptospira from PCR-confirmed human cases between 2016 and 2023 and compared them with genotypes found in animals to identify potential sources of infection in a 2023 human leptospirosis outbreak.

Methods

Human samples were genotyped using glmU amplicon sequencing and compared to animal genotypes from previous studies. In addition, human national surveillance data were analysed to provide broader epidemiological context including regional distribution to reveal outbreak areas; diagnostic test usage to assess trends; serotyping results to evaluate consistency across methods; and demographic information to evaluate the representativeness of the genotyped dataset. Chi-squared and Poisson regression were used to assess host-genotype associations, and phylogenetics evaluated genetic relatedness.

Results

Surveillance data showed flood-associated outbreaks in several regions and a significant shift in diagnostic practice (p ≤ 0.001), with increased use of PCR. Genotyping of PCR-confirmed cases revealed a rise in Pomona infections in 2023 across rural flood-associated regions (Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatū-Whanganui, Waikato and Wairarapa). In contrast, the Auckland region—including Aotearoa's largest city which also experienced flooding—had infections linked to Ballum, Copenhageni and Balcanica NZ. In animals, Pomona was primarily detected in sheep (Ovis aries), followed by cattle, while Ballum, Copenhageni and Balcanica NZ were primarily detected in mice (Mus musculus), Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), respectively.

Conclusions

Flooding-driven outbreaks in rural areas with pastoral livestock were predominantly linked to livestock-associated strains, while urban cases were associated with rodents and small wildlife. These findings highlight the need for tailored mitigation strategies addressing distinct epidemiological risks in rural and urban settings. Surveillance strategies should be adapted to preserve typing capabilities to better inform public health responses in future outbreaks.

导语：新西兰奥特罗阿引入钩端螺旋体病PCR检测减少了血清分型数据的可用性，目前的诊断PCR不能常规地对钩端螺旋体进行基因分型。本研究对2016年至2023年pcr确诊的人类病例中的钩端螺旋体进行了基因分型，并将其与动物中发现的基因型进行了比较，以确定2023年人类钩端螺旋体病暴发的潜在感染源。方法：使用glmU扩增子测序对人类样本进行基因分型，并与先前研究的动物基因分型进行比较。此外，还分析了国家人类监测数据，以提供更广泛的流行病学背景，包括区域分布，以揭示暴发地区；诊断测试的使用情况以评估趋势；血清分型结果以评估不同方法的一致性；和人口统计学信息来评估基因分型数据集的代表性。卡方回归和泊松回归用于评估宿主基因型相关性，系统遗传学评估遗传相关性。结果：监测数据显示，在一些地区暴发了与洪水相关的疫情，随着PCR使用的增加，诊断实践发生了重大变化（p≤0.001）。pcr确诊病例的基因分型显示，2023年波莫纳感染在农村洪水相关地区（吉斯伯恩、霍克湾、Manawatū-Whanganui、怀卡托和怀拉拉帕）有所上升。相比之下，奥克兰地区——包括同样经历了洪水的奥克兰最大城市——的感染与巴勒姆、哥本哈根和新西兰的巴尔卡尼卡岛有关。在动物中，Pomona主要在绵羊（Ovis aries）中检测到，其次是牛，而Ballum、Copenhageni和Balcanica NZ分别主要在小鼠（Mus musculus）、挪威大鼠（Rattus norvegicus）和帚尾负鼠（Trichosurus vulpecula）中检测到。结论：农村牧畜地区由洪水驱动的暴发主要与家畜相关菌株有关，而城市病例与啮齿动物和小型野生动物有关。这些发现突出表明，有必要针对农村和城市环境中不同的流行病学风险制定量身定制的缓解战略。应调整监测战略以保持分型能力，以便在未来疫情中更好地为公共卫生应对提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/zph.70027

Jan M. Sargeant, Amy Caughey, Wanda Joy, Allison MacRury, Ellen Vriezen

The Arctic is habitat for a range of animal species, many of which are consumed by Indigenous Peoples and are central to Indigenous food sovereignty. Country food (locally harvested food from the land, sea and sky) is nutritious, and harvesting country food is an important cultural activity, making understanding of potential zoonotic disease exposure an important concern for public health. The objective of this scoping review was to describe the animal-related research in the Arctic regions of Alaska, Canada and Greenland, with a focus on zoonotic pathogens in animals and humans. Overall, 3072 articles described animal-related research, with common topics including animal health, environmental contaminants in animals and animal population estimates, whereas few articles included a consideration of Indigenous Knowledges. Parasites were the most common type of zoonotic pathogens studied, with terrestrial and marine mammals the most studied species groups. Trichinella and Toxoplasma were the most commonly studied zoonotic parasites in both animals and humans. Brucella spp., Leptospira interogans and Francisella tularensis were commonly studied bacterial zoonoses in the animal health literature, whereas Clostridium botulinum (and toxin) was the most studied zoonoses in humans related to bacteria from animals. Rabies or exposure to rabies was the most common zoonotic virus studied in both animals and humans. Common objectives for both animal health and human health studies included estimating prevalence, identifying risk factors and describing morbidity or mortality. Studies estimating disease incidence or evaluating the effectiveness of interventions were uncommon. Climate change considerations were increasingly being included as a study component over time. In conclusion, although there is a substantive body of research on animal and zoonotic health in these regions of the Arctic, further engagement with Indigenous Knowledges and more focused study on disease prevention and intervention are crucial for safeguarding both wildlife and human health in this unique environment.

北极是一系列动物物种的栖息地，其中许多是土著人民的消费，是土著粮食主权的核心。乡村食物（当地从陆地、海洋和天空收获的食物）营养丰富，收获乡村食物是一项重要的文化活动，这使得了解潜在的人畜共患疾病暴露成为公共卫生的一个重要问题。本综述的目的是描述阿拉斯加、加拿大和格陵兰岛北极地区的动物相关研究，重点是动物和人类的人畜共患病原体。总的来说，有3072篇文章描述了与动物有关的研究，共同的主题包括动物健康、动物体内的环境污染物和动物种群估计，而很少有文章考虑到土著知识。寄生虫是研究中最常见的人畜共患病原体类型，陆地和海洋哺乳动物是研究最多的物种群。旋毛虫和弓形虫是动物和人类最常研究的人畜共患寄生虫。在动物卫生文献中，布鲁氏菌、间钩端螺旋体和土拉弗朗西斯菌是常见的细菌性人畜共患病，而肉毒杆菌（及其毒素）是研究最多的与动物细菌有关的人类人畜共患病。狂犬病或接触狂犬病是在动物和人类中最常见的人畜共患病毒。动物健康和人类健康研究的共同目标包括估计患病率、确定风险因素和描述发病率或死亡率。估计疾病发病率或评估干预措施有效性的研究并不多见。随着时间的推移，气候变化的考虑越来越多地被纳入研究的组成部分。最后，尽管对北极这些地区的动物和人畜共患病健康进行了大量研究，但进一步利用土著知识和更有针对性地研究疾病预防和干预措施，对于在这一独特环境中保护野生动物和人类健康至关重要。

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引用次数: 0