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The number of amphibian species described yearly shows no signs of slowing down, especially in tropical regions, implying that the biodiversity of amphibians remains woefully underestimated. A new species of poison frog is described from the Pacific lowlands of southwestern Colombia: Epipedobatescurrulao sp. nov., named for the Pacific music and dance genre known as "currulao" or "bambuco viejo". This species inhabits lowland forests from 0-260 m a.s.l. This taxon differs from congeners by having a combination of bright yellow blotches in the dorsal anterior region of the thigh and upper arm, homogenous dark-brown dorsal coloration, and advertisement calls of long duration and many pulses. We also describe the courtship call of E.currulao sp. nov., which is lower in frequency and shorter in duration than its advertisement call. Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of the populations sampled and its position as the sister species of Epipedobatesnarinensis, which occurs in southwestern Colombia. Among species of Epipedobates, the new species has been previously confused with E.boulengeri, but the two species are allopatric and represent two divergent clades (1.77% divergent for 12S-16S and 5.39% for CYTB). These species can be distinguished by the presence of a bright yellow blotch on the dorsal anterior region of the thigh and on the upper arm of E.currulao sp. nov., blotches that are either more white than yellow or absent in E.boulengeri. In addition, the advertisement calls are distinct, with E.currulao sp. nov. having a single but long call in each call series while E.boulengeri has 2-6 calls in a series with each call being much shorter in length. Epipedobatescurrulao sp. nov. is the most northern species of Epipedobates, which extends southwards along the western edge of the Andes. Known as the Chocó, this biogeographic region has been largely converted to agriculture in Ecuador and is experiencing widespread transformation in Colombia, which may endanger E.currulao sp. nov. and biodiversity in the region. A Spanish translation of the main text is available in Suppl. material 8.

A new species of terrestrial isopod, Porcellioaguerensis Orihuela-Rivero, sp. nov. of the family Porcellionidae (Oniscidea), is described from the laurel forest of Tenerife, Canary Islands. This new species belongs to the Atlantic group ("scaber") as defined by Vandel due to the structure of the male pleopod 1 and its "primitive" glandular system. Some diag-nostic characters that allow it to be differentiated from other species are revealed, such as (i) the smooth dorsal surface, (ii) the sinuosity of the posterior margin of the first pereonites, (iii) the configuration of the glandular system, and (iv) the structure of the male pleopod 1 exopod. The affinity of Porcellioaguerensis Orihuela-Rivero, sp. nov. with the morphologically closest members of the genus is discussed, both with continental and insular species, hypothesizing a relationship between the Canarian species of Porcellio and the "primitive" continental lineages of the genus. A key of the Porcellio species occurring in Tenerife is included. The conservation of Porcellioaguerensis Orihuela-Rivero, sp. nov. within a scenario of increasing dominance of invasive species is discussed.

The second antennae, an important sensory organ of terrestrial isopods, are often attacked and amputated by predators or members of the same species. If an amputation does happen, the antenna usually regenerates after the very first or the next moult that follows. However, the new regenerated antenna is smaller than the original one. This raises the question of whether a smaller regenerated antenna is potentially also less functional as the sensory elements of the antenna undergo regeneration as well. In this study, the regeneration process of the second antenna of Porcellioscaber was followed after two consecutive amputations. The original antennae were compared with the regenerated ones under light and scanning electron microscopes in view of the dimensions of segments and the size and number of sensory elements on them. As expected, all regenerated antennae were reduced in size, however, the reduction of different antennal segments was different. The second segment of the flagellum was reduced by almost half as much as the first segment of the flagellum or the last segment of the peduncle. After the next consecutive amputation, the reduction of the regenerated antennae does not increase further. The size and shape of the apical organ and lateral seta did not change during the regeneration process, neither after the first nor after the next amputation. In contrast, the number of plural receptor elements, such as aesthetascs and tricorn sensilla, decreases in accordance with reduced segment size. Therefore, since only the number of the most common sensory structures is reduced during regeneration, the regenerated antenna probably retains its sensory functionality.

Pitfall traps containing a fixative solution are commonly used by ecologists to study ground-dwelling invertebrates. The effect of the solution on the animals being caught is a frequent topic of studies. Our study compares the effect of formaldehyde solution, water, and the random probability of catch simulated by using dry traps. Ninety pitfall traps were placed in a floodplain forest ground: one-third used 4% formaldehyde solution as a fixative, one-third used water, and one-third was left without any liquid to simulate the random probability of a catch. A layer of dry wood chips was used in the dry traps to reduce predation between the caught animals. The traps were placed in the field between April and May 2022 and emptied twice a week. Both the numbers of animals and the species caught were found to be significantly affected by the fixative solution in use. Significantly more woodlice were caught in traps filled with water; these traps also attracted significantly more Porcelliumconspersum and Trachelipusrathkii compared to the dry traps. Average day temperature and the order the traps were checked (i.e. date) had an influence on the animals caught as well. Additional laboratory experiments with Porcellioscaber confirmed that terrestrial isopods avoid formaldehyde pitfall traps more than those with water.

Woodlice (terrestrial isopods) represent an unmissable, often very numerous components of macrosaprophages inhabiting soil, rocky environments, rotting wood and subterranean habitats, as well as the dwellings of various organisms, including humans. The paper provides a comprehensive summary of the literature on woodlice in Slovakia, including a list of species with unpublished data on two exotic species first recorded in Slovakia. Research on Slovakian terrestrial isopods has been documented in 213 papers (from 1794 to 2024) and 25 theses. To date, 48 species from 14 families have been recorded in Slovakia. Of these, 30 species are autochthonous, while 18 species have been introduced into anthropogenic habitats, with eight species found exclusively in greenhouses. The list also includes an analysis of habitat preferences, bioindicator potential, and biogeographic comments. Notably, two species, Buddelundiellacataractae and Reductoniscuscostulatus, are recorded in Slovakia for the first time. Carpathian elements are sparsely distributed within the mosaic of well-preserved natural forests. Hyloniscusmariae is likely the only surface-dwelling endemic species in the northern parts of the Carpathian range. Other species, such as Hyloniscustranssilvanicus, Trichoniscuscarpaticus and Trachelipusdifficilis, have a broader distribution within the Carpathians. Additionally, Mesoniscusgraniger, Orthometoponplanum and a few other taxa reach their northern distribution limits in Slovakia. Current research is predominantly focused on the fauna of subterranean habitats and urbanized landscapes.

Chaetophilosciasicula Verhoeff, 1908 (Philosciidae) is a small terrestrial isopod of Mediterranean origin which was first reported in North America in 2000 in an urban forest in Baltimore, Maryland, and it was thought to be a recent introduction, with a restricted range. Here we report the current state of knowledge of C.sicula distribution in North America. Since the original observation, the species has been reported by citizen scientists from eight additional states. Standardized field surveys in Maryland and Washington D.C. revealed a strong habitat preference towards anthropogenic and coastal areas. The affinity of C.sicula to urban environments, including residential areas and urban parks, is reinforced by citizen-science data and is most likely key to its fast spread throughout North America. Keeping isopods as pets and trading them among hobbyists may also play a role especially in establishing core populations in urban centers. The species is likely to expand in the USA in the coming decade. This study highlights that thorough, systematic surveys, using a variety of collecting techniques, are essential to address existing knowledge gaps on terrestrial isopod distribution and spread in North America and elsewhere.

From 2001 to 2022, the woodlice fauna of Abrau Peninsula, north-west Caucasus, Russia was examined. The collections yielded 5,581 specimens, which belong to 25 species, 19 genera, and 15 families. The most diverse families are Cylisticidae, Platyarthridae, Trachelipodidae, and Trichoniscidae, each with three species. The most diverse genera are Platyarthrus and Trachelipus. Five species have been noticed to the Russian fauna for the first time: Tyloseuropaeus, Acaeroplastesmelanurus, Platyarthruscaudatus, Buddelundiellacataractae, and Armadillidiumcf.marmoratum. The fauna of the Abrau Peninsula is predominantly Mediterranean and with a high percentage of endemics (12%). Further records are expected with more detailed studies of especially the family Trichoniscidae.

Aposematism is a distinctive or warning signal that provides the animal with protection against a potential predator. Aposematic colouration is easier for a predator to remember and to avoid a dangerous and/or unpalatable prey in the future. We investigated whether distinctive colouration has an aposematic function in terrestrial isopods. The common rough woodlice (Porcellioscaber) were used as a model species of terrestrial isopods and the Italian wall lizard (Podarcissiculus) as a predatory species. To imitate the distinctive colouration on isopods we marked their dorsal plates with yellow dots. The control group of the woodlice were marked with grey spots. Differences in behaviour (observation, manipulation and consummation) and the lizards' behaviour changes towards aposematically and cryptically coloured prey were analysed. Differences were found in prey observation both between sexes and between prey colours.

The distribution and orientation of microtubules were investigated in cells of distinct shapes from different hindgut regions of adult Porcellioscaber Latreille, 1804 and during hindgut morphogenesis in late embryonic and early postembryonic development. All hindgut cells of adult P.scaber contain abundant apico-basal microtubules organized in extensive bundles, but the architecture of bundles is specific for distinct cells. In the anterior chamber the architecture of microtubule bundles closely coincides with different shapes of the cells in this hindgut region and are most prominent in hindgut cells associated with extensive muscles. The shape of cells that form the typhlosole and typhlosole channels is particularly complex. In the papillate region the microtubule bundles protrude between the infoldings of apical plasma membrane and the mitochondria are closely aligned along the microtubules, thus the microtubule bundles in the papillate region are likely involved in the stabilization of the apical labyrinth and positioning of mitochondria. During hindgut morphogenesis the apico-basal microtubule bundles are established relatively late, mainly during early postembryonic development. Morphogenesis of the typhlosole is characterized by coinciding changes in cell shape and microtubule arrangement.