Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.038
Faisal Mehmood Wang Bing HennaNazirUllah NaqeenHussain
While the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has brought substantial benefits to participating countries, it has also increased the risk of confrontation between international projects and local people. Despite this, there is still a gap in knowledge about how CPEC development could bring changes in the education, employment opportunities, healthcare facilities concerning the business improvement in the special economic zone to local residents. In the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) context, this research utilises a quantitative method with (SEM) to explain the predictive effect of CPEC development on education, employment, healthcare facilities, and special economic zone. The sample size was (n=399) with the formula of Taro Yamane, and a purposive sampling technique was applied. The CPEC project long-term motivation is to spark education, employment, and healthcare facilities initiatives. The comprehensive CPEC development activities are managed to improve special economic zones and exclusively focus on the local community ’ s long-term sustainability. Therefore, education, health care, and employment opportunities will improve significantly once the CPEC project is completed. Theoretically, this research adds to the body of CPEC development knowledge, and it also interrelates factors such as employment concerns, educational concerns, healthcare facilities, and special economic zones under the CPEC project. It is recommended that the work on the CPEC project should speed up with the collaboration of the Pakistan government.
{"title":"CPEC Development Effect on Business Improvement: A Mediating Role of Educational, Employment Concerns, Healthcare Facilities in the Rashakai Special Economic Zone","authors":"Faisal Mehmood Wang Bing HennaNazirUllah NaqeenHussain","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.038","url":null,"abstract":"While the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has brought substantial benefits to participating countries, it has also increased the risk of confrontation between international projects and local people. Despite this, there is still a gap in knowledge about how CPEC development could bring changes in the education, employment opportunities, healthcare facilities concerning the business improvement in the special economic zone to local residents. In the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) context, this research utilises a quantitative method with (SEM) to explain the predictive effect of CPEC development on education, employment, healthcare facilities, and special economic zone. The sample size was (n=399) with the formula of Taro Yamane, and a purposive sampling technique was applied. The CPEC project long-term motivation is to spark education, employment, and healthcare facilities initiatives. The comprehensive CPEC development activities are managed to improve special economic zones and exclusively focus on the local community ’ s long-term sustainability. Therefore, education, health care, and employment opportunities will improve significantly once the CPEC project is completed. Theoretically, this research adds to the body of CPEC development knowledge, and it also interrelates factors such as employment concerns, educational concerns, healthcare facilities, and special economic zones under the CPEC project. It is recommended that the work on the CPEC project should speed up with the collaboration of the Pakistan government.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126945139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.037
Nilavro Chatterjee Dr. Shivaji Banerjee
: Family businesses are the germination locus of all enterprise universally, they contribute a sizeable quantum of funds to their national exchequer throughout the free world globally. Their size and gamut are from micro corner shops to large conglomerates like TATA Empire, Ford, Samsung et al are globally known and recognized. The promoters are invariably ambitious, having sharp business acumen and profound compatibility with the environment and competition, the challenge emerges when through efflux of time the original group has to make way and successors to step in to their shoes, this is more so when there are multiple claimants and all of them might not have the caliber or inclination. The plausible solution to this enigma is the topic of this treatise with case studies, some succession are still ongoing process like Cyrus Mistry versus Tata and Lodha versus Birla, some has lost relevance like nationalization of IISCO a hangover of an old arcane concept. The new concept of family counsel as prevailing in Dabur and gradual professional ethos in Tata are interesting, if carefully juxtaposed avoiding mélange might yield appropriate solutions if not panacea albeit keeping within the realm of the Indian Corporate Law, ethos and Taxation laws.
{"title":"Mapping The Trajectory Of Succession Planning In Family Based Companies- A Critical Analysis","authors":"Nilavro Chatterjee Dr. Shivaji Banerjee","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.037","url":null,"abstract":": Family businesses are the germination locus of all enterprise universally, they contribute a sizeable quantum of funds to their national exchequer throughout the free world globally. Their size and gamut are from micro corner shops to large conglomerates like TATA Empire, Ford, Samsung et al are globally known and recognized. The promoters are invariably ambitious, having sharp business acumen and profound compatibility with the environment and competition, the challenge emerges when through efflux of time the original group has to make way and successors to step in to their shoes, this is more so when there are multiple claimants and all of them might not have the caliber or inclination. The plausible solution to this enigma is the topic of this treatise with case studies, some succession are still ongoing process like Cyrus Mistry versus Tata and Lodha versus Birla, some has lost relevance like nationalization of IISCO a hangover of an old arcane concept. The new concept of family counsel as prevailing in Dabur and gradual professional ethos in Tata are interesting, if carefully juxtaposed avoiding mélange might yield appropriate solutions if not panacea albeit keeping within the realm of the Indian Corporate Law, ethos and Taxation laws.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123332033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid-19 pandemic has been one of the most severe global crises, effected nearly 87m people with a death count of 1.8m people around the world, and particularly affected mostly the developing countries. Overall, the economic movement got massive shocks by facing a crystal-clear decline in almost all the economic activities. This research will figure out the before and after COVID-19 impact of Gold, oil prices, and exchange rate on the movement of the KSE100 index. A daily data set of 10 months for KSE-100 Index, Crude Oil Price, Exchange Rate and Gold Prices before (from January 01, 2019, till February 26, 2020) and after (February 27, 2020, to December 15, 2020) pandemic have been employed to undertake this study. Structural Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model has been applied to determine the direct effects and shocks on stock market. Further, the before and after effect hypotheses have been tested through the WALD test. Findings revealed that before the Covid-19 exchange rate, gold price and oil price showed insignificant impact on the KSE-100 index, but after the Covid-19 period, all research gives valuable insight into capital market sentiments in relation to the segments mentioned above. et al.,
新冠肺炎大流行是最严重的全球危机之一，影响了全球近8700万人，造成180万人死亡，尤其是发展中国家。总的来说，经济运动受到了巨大的冲击，几乎所有的经济活动都面临着明显的衰退。此次研究将分析新冠疫情发生前后，黄金、油价、汇率等因素对综合股价指数的影响。采用大流行之前(2019年1月1日至2020年2月26日)和之后(2020年2月27日至2020年12月15日)10个月的KSE-100指数、原油价格、汇率和黄金价格的每日数据集进行本研究。运用结构向量自回归(VAR)模型来确定股票市场的直接影响和冲击。进一步，通过WALD检验对前后效应假设进行检验。结果显示，在新冠肺炎汇率之前，黄金价格和油价对KSE-100指数的影响不显著，但在新冠肺炎疫情之后，所有研究都对上述细分市场的资本市场情绪有了有价值的见解。et al .,
{"title":"Impact of Crude Oil, Exchange rate and Gold Price on KSE100 Index: Before & during Covid-19 Pandemic by using VAR model","authors":"Ismat Mohiuddin Jahanzaib Alvi Syed Ghazanfer Inam Muham Rehan","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.036","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has been one of the most severe global crises, effected nearly 87m people with a death count of 1.8m people around the world, and particularly affected mostly the developing countries. Overall, the economic movement got massive shocks by facing a crystal-clear decline in almost all the economic activities. This research will figure out the before and after COVID-19 impact of Gold, oil prices, and exchange rate on the movement of the KSE100 index. A daily data set of 10 months for KSE-100 Index, Crude Oil Price, Exchange Rate and Gold Prices before (from January 01, 2019, till February 26, 2020) and after (February 27, 2020, to December 15, 2020) pandemic have been employed to undertake this study. Structural Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model has been applied to determine the direct effects and shocks on stock market. Further, the before and after effect hypotheses have been tested through the WALD test. Findings revealed that before the Covid-19 exchange rate, gold price and oil price showed insignificant impact on the KSE-100 index, but after the Covid-19 period, all research gives valuable insight into capital market sentiments in relation to the segments mentioned above. et al.,","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115342028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-14DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.034
Safdar Ali Khalil Ahmad Muhammad ShahidMuhammad MudassarNaushahi
In this study, we try to investigate the fiscal policy empirically inquiry for overall and rural-urban poverty for Pakistan. Fiscal policy has so many economic and social implications for every country of the world, including stable economic development, employment opportunities, and poverty evaluation among others. Generally, supply-side and demand-side fiscal policy tools are utilized to achieve economic and social improvement. The time-series data is employed from1980 to 2019. To test for both short-run and long-run relationships between fiscal variables and poverty, the Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) is adopted. Pakistan is an important case study because of the emergence of dual rural agricultural traditional and urban modern industrial sectors. The empirical investigation shows that government expenditure and per capita growth have a negative and significant impact on an aggregate and rural-urban poverty. Inflation and public tax have a positive impact on all tiers of poverty.
{"title":"Fiscal implications for Rural-Urban Poverty of Pakistan","authors":"Safdar Ali Khalil Ahmad Muhammad ShahidMuhammad MudassarNaushahi","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.034","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we try to investigate the fiscal policy empirically inquiry for overall and rural-urban poverty for Pakistan. Fiscal policy has so many economic and social implications for every country of the world, including stable economic development, employment opportunities, and poverty evaluation among others. Generally, supply-side and demand-side fiscal policy tools are utilized to achieve economic and social improvement. The time-series data is employed from1980 to 2019. To test for both short-run and long-run relationships between fiscal variables and poverty, the Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) is adopted. Pakistan is an important case study because of the emergence of dual rural agricultural traditional and urban modern industrial sectors. The empirical investigation shows that government expenditure and per capita growth have a negative and significant impact on an aggregate and rural-urban poverty. Inflation and public tax have a positive impact on all tiers of poverty.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127094522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.031
.. NasirAlbala'wi
: The aim of this study is to identify the basis of civil liability arising from the electrocution of electricity companies as guardians of their electrical installations, which are among the things that require special attention according to the Jordanian Civil Law. A distinction is made between responsibility for personal action, responsibility for things and the burden of proving responsibility. There are many and many cases of stunting, and the forms of error and the responsibility are also mixed. Whereas, the Jordanian legislator did not deal with this case and left it to the general rules, which makes it difficult to deduce its elements. Therefore, the study found that the Jordanian legislator established responsibility for the personal act on the basis of the damages, and did not base it on the fault. And that the Jordanian judiciary took the principle of actual guarding of something and not the principle of legal guarding. The study recommended the necessity of individuals with special provisions dealing with the civil liability of things with the General Electricity Law and amending the provisions of the Jordanian Civil Law to include a special standard to distinguish between responsibility for personal action and responsibility for things.
{"title":"Civil liability of electricity companies arising from electrocution cases","authors":".. NasirAlbala'wi","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.031","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this study is to identify the basis of civil liability arising from the electrocution of electricity companies as guardians of their electrical installations, which are among the things that require special attention according to the Jordanian Civil Law. A distinction is made between responsibility for personal action, responsibility for things and the burden of proving responsibility. There are many and many cases of stunting, and the forms of error and the responsibility are also mixed. Whereas, the Jordanian legislator did not deal with this case and left it to the general rules, which makes it difficult to deduce its elements. Therefore, the study found that the Jordanian legislator established responsibility for the personal act on the basis of the damages, and did not base it on the fault. And that the Jordanian judiciary took the principle of actual guarding of something and not the principle of legal guarding. The study recommended the necessity of individuals with special provisions dealing with the civil liability of things with the General Electricity Law and amending the provisions of the Jordanian Civil Law to include a special standard to distinguish between responsibility for personal action and responsibility for things.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131576838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.05.103
.. Dr.NasirAlbala'wi
: The researcher dealt with the subject of the promise of mortgage, and the most important conditions that must be met in order for us to be in front of a promise of mortgage that fulfill all the legal conditions in the first requirement of the research were discussed,then to talk about the most important implications of the promise of mortgage in the second requirement of this research. The problem of the research lies in clarifying the adequacy of the legal texts regulating the provisions of the mortgage, so that the legislator did not deal with the issue of the promise of the mortgage within these rules, and on the other hand, the statement of the extent to which the general rules related to the promise to contract on the promise of mortgage can be dropped. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach to answer the problem posed in the research by describing the problem under study and analyzing the legal texts regulating the subject using jurisprudence opinions and jurisprudence of the courts.
{"title":"The promise of mortgagein the Jordanian civil law","authors":".. Dr.NasirAlbala'wi","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.05.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.05.103","url":null,"abstract":": The researcher dealt with the subject of the promise of mortgage, and the most important conditions that must be met in order for us to be in front of a promise of mortgage that fulfill all the legal conditions in the first requirement of the research were discussed,then to talk about the most important implications of the promise of mortgage in the second requirement of this research. The problem of the research lies in clarifying the adequacy of the legal texts regulating the provisions of the mortgage, so that the legislator did not deal with the issue of the promise of the mortgage within these rules, and on the other hand, the statement of the extent to which the general rules related to the promise to contract on the promise of mortgage can be dropped. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach to answer the problem posed in the research by describing the problem under study and analyzing the legal texts regulating the subject using jurisprudence opinions and jurisprudence of the courts.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132217396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.030
F. Siddiq
{"title":"IMPACT OF RISKS ON IJV PERFORMANCE IN PAKISTAN: MEDIATING ROLE OF EMC","authors":"F. Siddiq","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129510892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.028
P. Anuradha
The success of the small and medium-sized enterprises depends extensively on the owner ’ s ability to be financially literate in managing finance-related matters of the business, irrespective of his or her gender. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of financial literacy of the women owners of small and medium sized enterprises in Sri Lanka. The construct ‘ financial literacy ’ was measured based on five dimensions, which are finance related awareness, financial planning, bookkeeping and accounting, knowledge about business terminology, risk management, and diversification. The convenience sampling method was applied to select 242 women owners from the population involved in Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative in Sri Lanka. Data was collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire, complemented by over-the-telephone and personnel interviews, to assess the level of financial literacy among the women owners of small and medium-sized enterprises in Sri Lanka. Descriptive analyses were used for the data analysis, at the end of which the study identified a moderate level financial literacy among the women owners of small and medium-sized enterprises in Sri Lanka. From the five dimensions chosen, the knowledge on bookkeeping and accounting, risk management, and diversification are the aspects that women entrepreneurs need to become experts in for the success of small and medium-sized enterprises. As the pioneer study that examines the level of financial literacy of women owners of small and medium-sized enterprises in Sri Lanka, this study would provide a significant benchmark for further research in the field. Nevertheless, the study also highlights the importance of including financial literacy education both for primary and tertiary educational institutions.
{"title":"The Financial Literacy of Women Owners of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Sri Lanka","authors":"P. Anuradha","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.028","url":null,"abstract":"The success of the small and medium-sized enterprises depends extensively on the owner ’ s ability to be financially literate in managing finance-related matters of the business, irrespective of his or her gender. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of financial literacy of the women owners of small and medium sized enterprises in Sri Lanka. The construct ‘ financial literacy ’ was measured based on five dimensions, which are finance related awareness, financial planning, bookkeeping and accounting, knowledge about business terminology, risk management, and diversification. The convenience sampling method was applied to select 242 women owners from the population involved in Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative in Sri Lanka. Data was collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire, complemented by over-the-telephone and personnel interviews, to assess the level of financial literacy among the women owners of small and medium-sized enterprises in Sri Lanka. Descriptive analyses were used for the data analysis, at the end of which the study identified a moderate level financial literacy among the women owners of small and medium-sized enterprises in Sri Lanka. From the five dimensions chosen, the knowledge on bookkeeping and accounting, risk management, and diversification are the aspects that women entrepreneurs need to become experts in for the success of small and medium-sized enterprises. As the pioneer study that examines the level of financial literacy of women owners of small and medium-sized enterprises in Sri Lanka, this study would provide a significant benchmark for further research in the field. Nevertheless, the study also highlights the importance of including financial literacy education both for primary and tertiary educational institutions.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128516360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.020
Najma Khatoon
This research study endeavor to inspect the influence of real effective exchange rate on level of real GDP consumer price index (CPI) by using restricted VAR (VECM) econometrics approach for Pakistan economy over the period 1980-2020. We examined the bivariate relationship between real effective exchange rate and level of real GDP. It was concluded a negative correlation between these two variables. Thelong-term interrelationship among real effective exchange rate, CPI price level, and level of real GDP has also been examined by employing Johansen co-integration. By utilizing various VECM models we have found the long-term causality (A) from CPI price and level of output to the real effective exchange rate, and (B) from the real effective exchange rate, CPI price level `and level of real output to M2 money supply and (C) from the real effective exchange rate, M2 and real output level to CPI price level. The money supply (M2) growth has a very strong positive impact on both levels of real GDP and CPI level.
{"title":"Revisiting the Dynamic MacroeconomicEffects of Real Exchange Rate and Economic growth: Application of Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) Analysis","authors":"Najma Khatoon","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"This research study endeavor to inspect the influence of real effective exchange rate on level of real GDP consumer price index (CPI) by using restricted VAR (VECM) econometrics approach for Pakistan economy over the period 1980-2020. We examined the bivariate relationship between real effective exchange rate and level of real GDP. It was concluded a negative correlation between these two variables. Thelong-term interrelationship among real effective exchange rate, CPI price level, and level of real GDP has also been examined by employing Johansen co-integration. By utilizing various VECM models we have found the long-term causality (A) from CPI price and level of output to the real effective exchange rate, and (B) from the real effective exchange rate, CPI price level `and level of real output to M2 money supply and (C) from the real effective exchange rate, M2 and real output level to CPI price level. The money supply (M2) growth has a very strong positive impact on both levels of real GDP and CPI level.","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125679624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.025
Burhanuddin Al-Butary Alim Murtani Andri SoemitraIskandar Muda Sugianto
{"title":"HOW THE EFFECT OF ONLINE TRANSPORTATION ON COMMUNITY WELFARE THROUGH UNEMPLOYMENT VARIABLESCOVID 19 IN MEDAN CITY","authors":"Burhanuddin Al-Butary Alim Murtani Andri SoemitraIskandar Muda Sugianto","doi":"10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47750/CIBG.2021.27.06.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":241562,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128743880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：