Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379822
H. Fadhil, H. Al-Khafaji, H. J. Abd, S. Aljunid
Free space optic (FSO) is considered as an attractive option to fiber optic. FSO has the capability to go beyond the limits of fiber optics. However, atmospheric turbulence causes fluctuations in the intensity of the received light signal, impairing link performance. In this paper, we describe a new technique to mitigate turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations, i.e., signal fading (under the effects of rain and haze). The new technique determines the priority in the optimization of transmission parameters to achieve highdata rate transmission with low link attenuation and bit-error rate. The results show that rain has a more detrimental effect than haze on the link attenuation. To compensate for increasing degradation of weather conditions, it is found that the transmission parameters should be optimized in descending order of priority from the optical amplifier gain to the laser power, data rate, aperture size and link range.
{"title":"New priority-based parameter optimization technique for free space optics under bad weather conditions","authors":"H. Fadhil, H. Al-Khafaji, H. J. Abd, S. Aljunid","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379822","url":null,"abstract":"Free space optic (FSO) is considered as an attractive option to fiber optic. FSO has the capability to go beyond the limits of fiber optics. However, atmospheric turbulence causes fluctuations in the intensity of the received light signal, impairing link performance. In this paper, we describe a new technique to mitigate turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations, i.e., signal fading (under the effects of rain and haze). The new technique determines the priority in the optimization of transmission parameters to achieve highdata rate transmission with low link attenuation and bit-error rate. The results show that rain has a more detrimental effect than haze on the link attenuation. To compensate for increasing degradation of weather conditions, it is found that the transmission parameters should be optimized in descending order of priority from the optical amplifier gain to the laser power, data rate, aperture size and link range.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130919007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379532
A. .. Mohammad, R. Q. Shaddad, S. A. Al-Gailani
The bandwidth demand of the telecommunication network users are increasing from day to day. Bandwidth demand in our networks will continue to grow rapidly due to the increasing number of technology-intelligent users. Four main expectations from the users are high mobility, large data bandwidth, high quality of service (QoS), and ubiquitous coverage. The emerging optical and wireless access technologies are expected to provide these demands. Optical and wireless access networks have emerged to address two issues: channel capacity sharing fairly to the customers, and adequate capacity assignment according to service requirements. In this paper, the enabling optical and wireless broadband access technologies are presented and compared. The architectures, advantages, disadvantages, and main parameters of these access networks are discussed and reported. The hybrid wireless-optical broadband access technology is presented, which has many advantages to become the next-generation broadband access network. The concept and architecture of the hybrid wireless/optical broadband access technology are reviewed. The hybrid system developed at the Lightwave Communication Research Group (LCRG) is presented as a case study. It comprises of passive optical network in the trunk and a wireless-optical access network. The passive optical network (PON) supports a maximum data rate of 100 Gbps by using the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique in the optical access network. In the wireless access network, WiMAX IEEE 802.16m provides data rate of 1 Gbps for fixed users and 100 Mbps for mobile users.
{"title":"Enabling optical and wireless broadband access technologies","authors":"A. .. Mohammad, R. Q. Shaddad, S. A. Al-Gailani","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379532","url":null,"abstract":"The bandwidth demand of the telecommunication network users are increasing from day to day. Bandwidth demand in our networks will continue to grow rapidly due to the increasing number of technology-intelligent users. Four main expectations from the users are high mobility, large data bandwidth, high quality of service (QoS), and ubiquitous coverage. The emerging optical and wireless access technologies are expected to provide these demands. Optical and wireless access networks have emerged to address two issues: channel capacity sharing fairly to the customers, and adequate capacity assignment according to service requirements. In this paper, the enabling optical and wireless broadband access technologies are presented and compared. The architectures, advantages, disadvantages, and main parameters of these access networks are discussed and reported. The hybrid wireless-optical broadband access technology is presented, which has many advantages to become the next-generation broadband access network. The concept and architecture of the hybrid wireless/optical broadband access technology are reviewed. The hybrid system developed at the Lightwave Communication Research Group (LCRG) is presented as a case study. It comprises of passive optical network in the trunk and a wireless-optical access network. The passive optical network (PON) supports a maximum data rate of 100 Gbps by using the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique in the optical access network. In the wireless access network, WiMAX IEEE 802.16m provides data rate of 1 Gbps for fixed users and 100 Mbps for mobile users.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125130886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379886
N. Sun, Chia-Ming Hu, Shou-Feng Tasi, Jung-Sheng Chiang, J. Butler, G. Evans
In the paper, the periodical dielectric waveguide with two grating periods is demonstrated. We used the Floquet-Bloch theory to analyze the transmission and reflection spectra.
{"title":"Analysis of periodical dielectric waveguide with two grating periods","authors":"N. Sun, Chia-Ming Hu, Shou-Feng Tasi, Jung-Sheng Chiang, J. Butler, G. Evans","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379886","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, the periodical dielectric waveguide with two grating periods is demonstrated. We used the Floquet-Bloch theory to analyze the transmission and reflection spectra.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114616408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379887
A. Malekmohammadi, U. Illahi, M. Saqlain, M. Abdullah
In this paper a novel Mapping Multiplexing Technique (MMT) is demonstrated. Four channels, (4 × 10 Gbit/s) were successfully multiplexed and transmitted over a single wavelength, which can present a possible transmission rate of 40 Gbit/s per wavelength. The performance of MMT system is examined, with comparison to 40 Gbit/s RZ-OOK, NRZ-OOK and 4-ary techniques. This scheme features a receiver sensitivity and chromatic dispersion tolerance of -27.2 dBm and 260 ps/nm, respectively. A comparison with conventional RZ-OOK and NRZ-OOK techniques shows a clear advantage of the proposed MMT system.
{"title":"A novel mapping multiplexing technique for high speed optical fiber communication systems","authors":"A. Malekmohammadi, U. Illahi, M. Saqlain, M. Abdullah","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379887","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a novel Mapping Multiplexing Technique (MMT) is demonstrated. Four channels, (4 × 10 Gbit/s) were successfully multiplexed and transmitted over a single wavelength, which can present a possible transmission rate of 40 Gbit/s per wavelength. The performance of MMT system is examined, with comparison to 40 Gbit/s RZ-OOK, NRZ-OOK and 4-ary techniques. This scheme features a receiver sensitivity and chromatic dispersion tolerance of -27.2 dBm and 260 ps/nm, respectively. A comparison with conventional RZ-OOK and NRZ-OOK techniques shows a clear advantage of the proposed MMT system.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124070597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379518
S. M. Aljamimi, M. S. Anuar, S. Z. Muhd-Yasin, M. I. Zulkifli, N. Tamchek, Z. Yusoff, H. Abdul-Rashid
This paper provides detailed discussions on the fabrication of aluminum doped silica preform using solution doping technique and modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD). The porous core layer was deposited at 1750°C with 30cm in deposition length. The soot formed at the inlet and outlet segment of the deposited length is analyzed using SEM for soot size and BET for pore size distribution. Refractive index profile of the doped preform is measured using preform analyzer. The refractive index difference obtained at the outlet and inlet segments shows uniform distribution of Al2O3, in agreement with the pore size distribution.
{"title":"On the fabrication of aluminum doped silica preform using MCVD and solution doping technique","authors":"S. M. Aljamimi, M. S. Anuar, S. Z. Muhd-Yasin, M. I. Zulkifli, N. Tamchek, Z. Yusoff, H. Abdul-Rashid","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379518","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides detailed discussions on the fabrication of aluminum doped silica preform using solution doping technique and modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD). The porous core layer was deposited at 1750°C with 30cm in deposition length. The soot formed at the inlet and outlet segment of the deposited length is analyzed using SEM for soot size and BET for pore size distribution. Refractive index profile of the doped preform is measured using preform analyzer. The refractive index difference obtained at the outlet and inlet segments shows uniform distribution of Al2O3, in agreement with the pore size distribution.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115860299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379531
G. Brambilla, M. Ding, J. Ou, N. Sessions, Y. Jung, O. Fenwick, F. di Stasio, F. Cacialli, Junlong Kou, F. Xu
Sub-wavelength efficient intensity confinement has been demonstrated in nanostructured optical microfibre tips. Focus Ion Beam (FIB) milling was used to nanostructure gold-coated optical microfibre tips and form apertures at the apex. Simulations were carried out to optimize the device design. Enhanced transmission efficiency (higher than 10-2) was achieved in spot sizes of ~λ /10. Nanostructured microfibre tips have the potential for a number of applications including optical recording, photolithography and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM).
{"title":"Sub-wavelength focusing of high intensities in microfibre tips","authors":"G. Brambilla, M. Ding, J. Ou, N. Sessions, Y. Jung, O. Fenwick, F. di Stasio, F. Cacialli, Junlong Kou, F. Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379531","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-wavelength efficient intensity confinement has been demonstrated in nanostructured optical microfibre tips. Focus Ion Beam (FIB) milling was used to nanostructure gold-coated optical microfibre tips and form apertures at the apex. Simulations were carried out to optimize the device design. Enhanced transmission efficiency (higher than 10-2) was achieved in spot sizes of ~λ /10. Nanostructured microfibre tips have the potential for a number of applications including optical recording, photolithography and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM).","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123782961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379519
H. S. Lin, Y. Phua, M. Mokhtar, H. Abdul-Rashid, M. Othman, Z. Yusoff
The biconic tapered fiber has been fabricated using flame elongation technique by heating and stretching a piece of single mode fiber (SMF). Intermodal interference occurs in the abrupt biconic tapered fiber. The modulated spectral response was characterized to determine the strain effect. It was found that the shifting of peak modulated spectral response was well matched to the phase change introduced by Michelson-type transmission equation.
{"title":"Strain effect on spectral response of biconic tapered fiber interferometer","authors":"H. S. Lin, Y. Phua, M. Mokhtar, H. Abdul-Rashid, M. Othman, Z. Yusoff","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379519","url":null,"abstract":"The biconic tapered fiber has been fabricated using flame elongation technique by heating and stretching a piece of single mode fiber (SMF). Intermodal interference occurs in the abrupt biconic tapered fiber. The modulated spectral response was characterized to determine the strain effect. It was found that the shifting of peak modulated spectral response was well matched to the phase change introduced by Michelson-type transmission equation.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130072295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379878
M. A. Salim, H. Misran, S. Z. Othman, N. Shah, N. Razak, H. Abdullah
Monodispersed spheres of Si-Cu core-shell nanocomposite with silica as core and copper as shell were successfully synthesized by a modified two-step synthesis method. Spherical particles of silica core were first synthesized using a modified Stöber method using nonsurfactant template. The obtained monodispersed silica spheres were successfully coated with copper through a modified sol-gel method employing nonsurfactant template. A renewable nonsurfactant template (decyl alcohol) was successfully used to modify the silica surfaces. To study the effect of nonsurfactant template on copper deposition onto silica surfaces, various compositions of nonsurfactant template were used. The X-ray diffraction patterns of core-shell nanocomposite exhibited monoclinic copper crystalline phase and a broad peak characteristic of amorphous silica networks. The results from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) suggested that both monodispersed silica core as well as Si-Cu core-shell particle sizes were at ca. 560 nm. UV-Vis spectrum of Si-Cu core-shell exhibited a broad absorption peak centered at ca. 394 nm suggesting optical properties of these Si-Cu nanocomposite as potential meta-atom materials.
{"title":"Facile processing of Si-Cu core-shell as potential meta-atom materials","authors":"M. A. Salim, H. Misran, S. Z. Othman, N. Shah, N. Razak, H. Abdullah","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379878","url":null,"abstract":"Monodispersed spheres of Si-Cu core-shell nanocomposite with silica as core and copper as shell were successfully synthesized by a modified two-step synthesis method. Spherical particles of silica core were first synthesized using a modified Stöber method using nonsurfactant template. The obtained monodispersed silica spheres were successfully coated with copper through a modified sol-gel method employing nonsurfactant template. A renewable nonsurfactant template (decyl alcohol) was successfully used to modify the silica surfaces. To study the effect of nonsurfactant template on copper deposition onto silica surfaces, various compositions of nonsurfactant template were used. The X-ray diffraction patterns of core-shell nanocomposite exhibited monoclinic copper crystalline phase and a broad peak characteristic of amorphous silica networks. The results from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) suggested that both monodispersed silica core as well as Si-Cu core-shell particle sizes were at ca. 560 nm. UV-Vis spectrum of Si-Cu core-shell exhibited a broad absorption peak centered at ca. 394 nm suggesting optical properties of these Si-Cu nanocomposite as potential meta-atom materials.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122815931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379873
A. N. Al-Omari, M. Alias, K. Lear
Top-emitting, oxide-confined, polyimide-planarized 980-nm VCSELs with copper-plated heatsinks were fabricated and characterized. Increasing the plated heatsink radius from 0-μm to 4-μm larger than the mesa diameter for lasers with 8-μm oxide aperture diameter reduced the measured thermal impedance, increased the maximum bias current density, and increased the maximum output optical power achieved by a 29%, 37%, and 73%, respectively. VCSELs with oxide aperture diameter and heatsink overlap of 8-μm and 4-μm, respectively, demonstrated 17°C decrease in the internal device temperature (i.e. active region temperature) at the maximum output optical power. Devices with similar mesa diameters of 26-μm and different heatsink overlaps exhibited a threshold bias current and a total series resistance of (630±4%)μA and ~95Ω, respectively.
{"title":"Top-emitting 980-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes with improved optical power","authors":"A. N. Al-Omari, M. Alias, K. Lear","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379873","url":null,"abstract":"Top-emitting, oxide-confined, polyimide-planarized 980-nm VCSELs with copper-plated heatsinks were fabricated and characterized. Increasing the plated heatsink radius from 0-μm to 4-μm larger than the mesa diameter for lasers with 8-μm oxide aperture diameter reduced the measured thermal impedance, increased the maximum bias current density, and increased the maximum output optical power achieved by a 29%, 37%, and 73%, respectively. VCSELs with oxide aperture diameter and heatsink overlap of 8-μm and 4-μm, respectively, demonstrated 17°C decrease in the internal device temperature (i.e. active region temperature) at the maximum output optical power. Devices with similar mesa diameters of 26-μm and different heatsink overlaps exhibited a threshold bias current and a total series resistance of (630±4%)μA and ~95Ω, respectively.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122845764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6481095
L. Thévenaz, N. Primerov, S. Chin, Y. Antman, A. Denisov, A. Zadok, M. Santagiustina
The recent possibility to generate and read dynamic Bragg gratings in optical fibers by the interaction of multiple optical waves through stimulated Brillouin scattering has opened a new field to realize all-optical fiber-based functions.
{"title":"All-optical storage and processing in optical fibers","authors":"L. Thévenaz, N. Primerov, S. Chin, Y. Antman, A. Denisov, A. Zadok, M. Santagiustina","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6481095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6481095","url":null,"abstract":"The recent possibility to generate and read dynamic Bragg gratings in optical fibers by the interaction of multiple optical waves through stimulated Brillouin scattering has opened a new field to realize all-optical fiber-based functions.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116104270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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