Jurnal Global & Strategis最新文献

{"title":"Voluntourism as an Effort to Realize Sustainable Tourism to Reduce Waste in the Ocean","authors":"Nabila Thyra Janitra, A. Muis","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.51-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.51-72","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the problem of increasing waste in the ocean, UNWTO formulated sustainable tourism to create economic, social, and environmental stability. In the effort to realize sustainable tourism, UNWTO introduces a voluntourism program that directly seek to attract tourists' interest and make tourists become aware of the importance of protecting the environment. This study aims to understand the voluntourism strategy to realize sustainable tourism to reduce waste in the ocean. The method used in this study is a qualitative-explorative method that intends to explore social phenomenon based on the variables that have been formulated. In responding to the issue of marine pollution caused by garbage, voluntourism makes various efforts to cooperate with several stakeholders. The voluntourism program that focuses on the topic of marine pollution is expected to become a policy recommendation to be implemented by various countries, hence efforts to reduce waste in the sea can be massively carried out in different parts of the world. This study discusses the distribution of waste in the oceans and efforts to handle it through voluntourism programs. \u0000Keywords: Ocean Waste, Sustainable Tourism, Voluntourism\u0000 \u0000Dalam merespon permasalahan peningkatan sampah di lautan, UNWTO memformulasikan pariwisata berkelanjutan untuk menciptakan kestabilan ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan. Dalam mewujudkan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan, UNWTO memperkenalkan program volunterisme yang secara langsung menarik minat wisatawan dan membuat wisatawan semakin menyadari akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami strategi volunterisme untuk mewujudkan pariwisata berkelanjutan guna mengurangi sampah di lautan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif-eksploratif yang menggali fenomena sosial berdasarkan variabel yang telah dirumuskan. Merespon isu polusi laut yang disebabkan oleh sampah, volunterisme menciptakan berbagai upaya untuk bekerja sama dengan para pemangku kepentingan. Program volunterisme yang berfokus pada topik polusi kelautan diharapkan mampu menjadi rekomendasi kebijakan yang dapat diimplementasikan oleh berbagai negara, sehingga upaya pengurangan sampah di lautan dapat secara masif dilakukan di berbagai bagian dunia yang berbeda. Studi ini mendiskusikan tentang penyebaran sampah di lautan dan upaya untuk menanganinya melalui program volunterisme.\u0000Kata-Kata Kunci: Limbah Lautan, Pariwisata Berkelanjutan, Volunterisme","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125401545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetable Oil Economic Diplomacy as an Instrument of Indonesian Foreign Policy","authors":"Leonard Felix Hutabarat","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.131-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.131-152","url":null,"abstract":"The development of international politics due to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has caused international political instability and pressure on agricultural products and the energy sector in the world. Indonesia’s leading export commodity, under discriminatory pressure from the European Union, also has economic implications due to the Russian-Ukrainian war. Disruption to the world’s vegetable oil supply chains, the urgent need for food security, and the impact on achieving the goals of sustainable development that have been agreed upon so far make Indonesia seek to use the existing narrative through economic diplomacy. This condition is also related to Indonesia’s vegetable oil diplomacy as one of the foreign policy instruments. Therefore, economic diplomacy regarding Indonesian vegetable oils is also part of Indonesia’s national interest. This article uses qualitative methods with a descriptive-analytical type on how Indonesia uses the narrative of sustainable development issues in the context of Indonesian vegetable oils to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2030, including instruments of economic diplomacy in realizing Indonesia’s national interest in Indonesia’s vegetable oil diplomacy.\u0000Keywords: economic diplomacy, Indonesia, foreign policy, vegetable oil, SDGs 2030\u0000 \u0000Perkembangan politik internasional akibat konflik Rusia-Ukraina telah menimbulkan dampak tidak hanya instabilitas politik internasional, namun juga tekanan terhadap komoditas produk pertanian maupun sektor energi di dunia. Komoditas ekspor unggulan Indonesia yang selama ini mendapatkan tekanan yang bersifat diskriminatif dari Uni Eropa juga memiliki implikasi ekonomi akibat terjadinya perang Rusia-Ukraina. Gangguan terhadap rantai pasok minyak nabati dunia dan sangat diperlukan tersedianya ketahanan pangan serta dampak terhadap pencapaian tujuan dari pembangunan berkelanjutan yang telah disepakati selama ini, menjadikan Indonesia berupaya menggunakan narasi yang ada melalui diplomasi ekonomi. Hal ini juga terkait dengan diplomasi minyak nabati Indonesia sebagai salah satu instrumen kebijakan luar negeri. Diplomasi ekonomi berkenaan dengan minyak nabati Indonesia juga merupakan bagian dari kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan dengan metode kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif analitis bagaimana Indonesia menggunakan narasi pembangunan berkelanjutan dalam konteks minyak nabati Indonesia guna mencapai Sustainable Development Goals 2030, termasuk instrumen diplomasi ekonomi dalam mewujudkan kepentingan nasional Indonesia dalam diplomasi minyak nabati Indonesia.\u0000Kata-kata Kunci: diplomasi ekonomi, Indonesia, kebijakan luar negeri, minyak nabati, SDGs 2030","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123034209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Indo-Pacific Economic Framework on Peace Stability in The ASEAN Region","authors":"Fany Anggun Abadi, F. Al-Fadhat","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.33-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.33-50","url":null,"abstract":"By taking into account all motives for foreign economic cooperation, including the Indo-Pacific Economics Framework (IPEF), this framework will definitely affect the economies of several countries in the region, especially Southeast Asia. ASEAN is demanded not only as an elite state organization but furthermore, is also required to have the capability to involve all elements of its member countries’ societies, in the varying fields, especially economic, political and peace stability. This paper then raised a question regarding how does the IPEF influence the peace stability in the ASEAN Region. In examining this question, the author used the theory of international organizations typology, international economic regime theory, and regional peace stability theory. It is concluded that the step that’s certainly must be taken by countries in the region is to help each other. Thus, it is the joint responsibility of each country, both inside and outside the region to prevent the emergence of conflict and voluntarily build trust to achieve regional stability. In this context, ASEAN certainly must be stronger.\u0000Keywords: ASEAN, economy, stability\u0000Dengan memperhitungkan segala motif kerja sama ekonomi luar negeri, termasuk Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), kerangka ini pasti akan berpengaruh terhadap perekonomian beberapa negara di kawasan, khususnya Asia Tenggara. ASEAN dituntut tidak hanya sebagai organisasi elit negara, tetapi juga dituntut untuk memiliki kapabilitas untuk melibatkan seluruh elemen masyarakat negara anggotanya dalam berbagai bidang, terutama ekonomi, politik, dan stabilitas perdamaian. Penelitian ini kemudian mengajukan pertanyaan terkait bagaimana pengaruh Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) terhadap stabilitas perdamaian di kawasan ASEAN. Dalam menganalisis pertanyaan ini, penulis menggunakan teori tipologi organisasi internasional, teori rezim ekonomi internasional, dan teori stabilitas perdamaian regional. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa langkah yang pastinya harus diambil oleh negara-negara di kawasan adalah saling membantu. Dengan demikian, menjadi tanggung jawab bersama negara-negara, baik di dalam maupun di luar kawasan untuk mencegah konflik dan membangun kepercayaan secara sukarela untuk mencapai stabilitas kawasan. Dalam konteks ini, tentunya ASEAN harus semakin kuat.\u0000Kata-kata Kunci: ASEAN, ekonomi, stabilitas","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114079647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Urgency of China’s Crypto Mining Ban in Relation to the Carbon Neutral Policy 2060","authors":"R. Rossdiana","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.183-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.183-214","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptocurrencies, specifically Bitcoin, which have been developing since 2008, are gaining increasing popularity due to their high value, considered the future of global finance. With its decentralized concept, crypto activities from mining to buying and selling can be carried out by individuals anywhere at any time. Nevertheless, despite its popularity, several countries, including China, have banned crypto activities, including the mining process. This paper further elaborates on why China has banned cryptocurrency mining. In conducting the analysis, the author uses the concept of sustainable development, the concept of a green economy and the concept of environmental security. As a result, this paper finds that the Chinese government banned crypto mining because of the government’s commitment to the Carbon Neutral Policy 2060, where crypto mining is one of the economic sectors that contribute to carbon emissions on a large scale, driving an increase in e-waste and its operations that consume large amounts of energy. This condition contributes to a decrease in the quality of the environment so that its carbon footprint has the potential to become an obstacle for China in realizing its Carbon Neutral Policy.\u0000Keywords: carbon neutral policy, China, crypto mining, green economy, sustainable development environment \u0000 \u0000Mata uang kripto, secara spesifik Bitcoin yang marak berkembang sejak tahun 2008, semakin diminati banyak orang karena nilainya yang tinggi sehingga dianggap sebagai masa depan finansial global. Dengan sifatnya yang terdesentralisasi, aktivitas kripto mulai dari penambangannya hingga jual belinya dapat dilakukan oleh individu perseorangan dimanapun dan kapanpun. Namun, terlepas dari popularitasnya, beberapa negara termasuk Tiongkok melakukan pelarangan aktivitas kripto termasuk penambangannya. Tulisan ini mengelaborasi lebih lanjut pertanyaan mengapa Tiongkok melakukan pelarangan penambangan mata uang kripto. Penulis menggunakan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan, konsep ekonomi hijau, dan konsep keamanan lingkungan. Hasilnya, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa pemerintah Tiongkok melakukan pelarangan penambangan kripto karena komitmen pemerintah terhadap Carbon Neutral Policy 2060, sebab penambangan kripto merupakan salah satu sektor ekonomi yang menyumbang emisi karbon dalam skala besar, mendorong kenaikan sampah elektronik, dan operasinya yang mengkonsumsi energi dalam jumlah besar. Kondisi ini berkontribusi pada penurunan kualitas lingkungan hidup sehingga jejak karbonnya berpotensi menjadi penghambat Tiongkok dalam mewujudkan Carbon Neutral Policy.\u0000Kata kunci: kebijakan karbon netral, Tiongkok, penambangan kripto, ekonomi hijau, pembangunan lingkungan berkelanjutan","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131152854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Response towards the Transnationalism of Illegal Rhinoceros Commodity Hunting and Trading in South Africa","authors":"Katong Ragawi Numadi, Filasafia Marsya Ma’rifat","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.239-268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.239-268","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization, which coincides with the formation of a global economic network, has provided convenience in various aspects as well as created new threats, one of them is illegal poaching and illegal trade in wildlife commodities. This is illustrated in this paper through the integration of Africa into the dynamics of the global economy which also has a negative impact in the form of increasing cases of illegal poaching and trade in wildlife commodities, especially African rhino species. The results of this qualitative research found that the issue of poaching wild rhinos in the African region experienced a drastic increase in the early 2010s and reached its peak in 2016 with South Africa as the hotspot as well as the starting point of the supply chain on this issue. Even though the South African government has ratified the Convention on International Trades on Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) and made various prevention efforts, the South African government is still experiencing bureaucratic limitations and conflicts of interest in dealing with this issue. As a result, the “transnational” term of illegal wildlife hunting and trade operations also requires other collaborative steps involving various international state organizations (IGOs) and non-state (INGOs) working in the same field.\u0000Keywords: Rhinoceros, Rhino Horn, South Africa, Poaching, Illicit Trade\u0000 \u0000Globalisasi yang bersamaan dengan terbentuknya jaringan perekonomian global pada faktanya telah memberikan kemudahan di berbagai aspek sekaligus memunculkan berbagai ancaman baru, salah satunya adalah perburuan dan perdagangan komoditas margasatwa ilegal. Hal tersebut diilustrasikan dalam tulisan ini melalui integrasi Afrika ke dalam dinamika ekonomi global yang tidak hanya berdampak positif, tetapi juga memunculkan dampak negatif berupa meningkatnya kasus perburuan dan perdagangan komoditas margasatwa ilegal, khususnya spesies badak Afrika. Hasil penelitian kualitatif ini menemukan bahwa isu perburuan badak liar di wilayah Afrika mengalami peningkatan drastis di awal dekade 2010-an dan mencapai puncaknya pada tahun 2016 dengan Afrika Selatan sebagai hotspot sekaligus titik awal rantai suplai dalam isu tersebut. Kendati pemerintah Afrika Selatan telah meratifikasi Convention on International Trades on Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) dan melakukan berbagai upaya pencegahan, pemerintah Afrika Selatan nyatanya masih mengalami keterbatasan birokrasi dan konflik kepentingan dalam mengatasi isu tersebut. Alhasil, sifat transnasional dalam operasi perburuan dan perdagangan satwa ilegal juga menuntut adanya langkah kolaboratif lain yang melibatkan berbagai organisasi internasional negara (IGOs) dan non-negara (INGOs) yang bergerak di bidang yang sama.\u0000Kata-kata Kunci: Badak, Cula Badak, Afrika Selatan, Perburuan, dan Perdagangan Ilegal","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122045544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASEAN Norms and Gender-Responsive Human security","authors":"H. Kim, L. Arnakim, E. Prihatini, G. P. Dewi","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.73-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.73-100","url":null,"abstract":"The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has instrumentalized gender equality to present itself as a responsible regional organization accommodating universal norms. However, there is an ontological gap between ASEAN and UN-led programs derived from the inconsistency between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation toward universal norms. This study argues that the inefficiency of ASEAN in pursuing gender equality is primarily attributed to the practice matter of ASEAN. Using primary and secondary data collected through various means, this paper finds that ASEAN efforts on gender equality were mainly raised in declarations and conferences. ASEAN is a particularly important agent in promoting gender-responsive human security, given the nature of challenges and the political and economic limitations of ASEAN member states. It also tends to be a good global citizen as a norm entrepreneur by promoting universal norms and involving global programs led by the UN, such as Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). \u0000Keywords: ASEAN norms, ASEAN community, gender equality, human security, and norm entrepreneur\u0000 \u0000Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) telah melembagakan kesetaraan gender untuk menampilkan dirinya sebagai organisasi regional yang bertanggung jawab mengakomodasi norma-norma universal. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan ontologis antara program-program yang dipimpin ASEAN dan PBB, yang berasal dari inkonsistensi antara motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik terhadap norma-norma universal. Studi ini berpendapat bahwa inefisiensi ASEAN dalam mengejar kesetaraan gender sebagian besar dikaitkan dengan masalah praktik ASEAN. Dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui berbagai sumber, makalah ini menemukan bahwa upaya ASEAN dalam kesetaraan gender secara umum diangkat dalam deklarasi dan konferensi. ASEAN adalah agen yang sangat penting dalam mempromosikan keamanan manusia yang responsif gender, mengingat sifat tantangan dan keterbatasan politik dan ekonomi negara-negara anggota ASEAN. Hal ini juga cenderung menjadi warga dunia yang baik sebagai norm entrepreneur dengan mempromosikan norma-norma universal dan melibatkan program global yang dipimpin oleh PBB seperti Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) dan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).\u0000Kata-kata kunci: ASEAN norms, komunitas ASEAN, kesetaraan gender, keamanan manusia, dan norm entrepreneur","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130915126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Externality of Economic Diplomacy in Indonesia: Case Study of Investment within Palm Plantation Sector","authors":"Jhon Maxwell Yosua Pattinussa, Edwin M. B. Tambunan","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.1-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.1-32","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid global trade has made the role of economic diplomacy becoming more significant for Indonesia. However, as international cooperation strengthened and investment flows increased following the success of economic diplomacy, externality towards the environment also appeared. By using green political theory as a theoretical basis, this article reveals how Indonesia’s economic diplomacy has overlooked environmental considerations and harmed the nature. This article uses an analytical framework highlighting commercial policy, assets as bargains, and laws governing business to examine the oil palm plantation case in Boven Digoel, Papua. Based on secondary data obtained from relevant literature and primary data collected through interviews, this research finds that the reliance of Indonesia’s economic diplomacy on commercial paper UU PMA 1967 (the 1967 Foreign Investment Law), forest assets offered as bargaining chips, and laws governing business as stated in PP.33/Menhut/2010 has resulted on the state’s neglect of nature protection.\u0000Keywords: Economic Diplomacy, Externalities, Green Political Theory, Natural Resources, Commercial Policy.\u0000 \u0000Meningkatnya perdagangan global menyebabkan diplomasi ekonomi semakin penting bagi Indonesia. Namun, arus investasi dan menguatnya kerja sama internasional sebagai hasil dari diplomasi ekonomi ternyata menimbulkan eskternalitas terhadap lingkungan. Dengan menggunakan teori politik hijau sebagai landasan teori, tulisan ini mengungkap bahwa diplomasi ekonomi yang tidak mempertimbangkan aspek lingkungan menyebabkan kerusakan alam. Artikel ini menggunakan kerangka analisis yang menyoroti commercial policy, assets as bargain, dan hukum yang mengatur bisnis untuk menelaah kasus perkebunan kelapa sawit di Boven Digoel, Papua. Analisis dikembangkan secara kualitatif berdasarkan data sekunder yang didapat dari berbagai sumber kepustakaan yang relevan dan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam praktiknya diplomasi ekonomi mengabaikan kepentingan lingkungan. UU PMA 1967, aset yang ditawarkan, dan PP.33/Menhut/2010 merupakan bentuk dari pengabaian pemerintah terhadap perlindungan alam.\u0000Kata-kata Kunci: Diplomasi Ekonomi, Eksternalitas, Teori Politik Hijau, Sumber Daya Alam, Kebijakan Komersial.","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132534447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hacker, Fear, and Harm: Data Breaches and National Security","authors":"Denny Indra Sukmawan, David Putra Setyawan","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.153-182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.153-182","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000This research explains data breaches as national security threat by using cyber security dilemma and cyber harm approaches. For long, Indonesia adopted comprehensive national security system that covers state defense, state security, public security and human security. Cyber security dilemma explains data breaches as threats to state defense and security dimensions. While cyber harm explains it as threats to public and human security dimensions. Furthermore, we found that: (1) non-state actors have influence to escalate cyber security dilemma in long term; (2) the state response by increasing defense and security sector’s budget; and (3) the threats of data breaches to public and human security took place when government and corporations neglect the responsibilities to protect data and privacy of citizen and consument, as well as non-state actors conduct cyber attacks intentionally. The methodology is descriptive -qualitative and quantitative. While the data covered data breaches incidents in Indonesia during August-September 2022, literatures such as books, journal articles and online articles is also used.\u0000Keywords: cyber security, cyber space, cyber threats, cyber security dilemma, cyber harm,  data breaches, bjorka, national security\u0000 \u0000Penelitian ini menjelaskan pelanggaran data sebagai ancaman keamanan nasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan dilema keamanan siber dan bahaya siber. Indonesia mengadopsi sistem keamanan nasional yang komprehensif dan melingkupi dimensi pertahanan negara, keamanan negara, keamanan publik dan keamanan insani sejak lama.  Dilema keamanan siber menjelaskan pelanggaran data sebagai ancaman ke dimensi pertahanan negara dan keamanan negara. Sementara bahaya siber menjelaskan ancaman ke dimensi keamanan publik dan keamanan insani. Kami menemukan: (1) aktor-aktor non-negara mampu mengeskalasi kondisi dilema keamanan siber dalam waktu lama; (2) respons negara dengan meningkatkan anggaran bagi instansi-instansi sektor pertahanan dan keamanan siber; dan (3) ancaman pelanggaran data terhadap keamanan publik dan keamanan insani justru terjadi ketika pemerintah dan perusahaan lalai atas tanggung jawab untuk melindungi data dan privasi warga negara dan pelanggan mereka, termasuk ketika aktor-aktor non-negara melakukan serangan siber dengan sengaja. Metodologi penelitian ini deskriptif -kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data digunakan mencakup insiden siber yang terjadi di Indonesia selama Agustus-September 2022, literatur-literatur seperti buku, artikel jurnal dan artikel daring.\u0000Kata-kata kunci: keamanan siber, ruang siber, ancaman siber, dilema keamanan siber, bahaya siber, pelanggaran data, bjorka, keamanan nasional","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116588769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indonesia’s Commercial Diplomacy towards South Korea in Efforts to Realize EV Battery Project Investment","authors":"Aulia Nadhif, Dadan Suryadipura","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.215-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.215-238","url":null,"abstract":"The EV battery project in Indonesia is one of Indonesia’s nickel downstream policy agendas. This policy aims to be able to increase the value of nickel commodities and create Indonesia’s ability to be able to engage in the downstream industry. To realize the EV battery project, the Indonesian government is cooperating with South Korea in developing the EV battery industry in Indonesia. This article focuses on the commercial diplomacy efforts of the Indonesian government to obtain investment for developing the EV battery industry in Indonesia through investment promotion. This article uses qualitative research methods. After conducting an analysis, this article shows that the Indonesian government is carrying out commercial diplomacy activities by using IIPC Seoul as an extension of the Ministry of Investment/BKPM which acts as a facilitator and clearing agent to facilitate investment from South Korea and Indonesia. This effort is assisted by other government agencies such as the Ministry of BUMN, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and others to achieve a large investment score for the development of the EV industry in Indonesia. This article concludes that the commercial diplomacy carried out by the Indonesian government succeeded in achieving the goal of obtaining investment for the EV battery project to be able to increase the value of nickel commodities and create a downstream industry.\u0000Keywords: Commercial Diplomacy, Nickel Downstream, Indonesia, Investment Promotion, EV Battery\u0000 \u0000Proyek baterai EV di Indonesia merupakan salah satu agenda dalam kebijakan hilirisasi nikel di Indonesia. Kebijakan ini bertujuan untuk dapat meningkatkan nilai komoditas nikel dan menciptakan kemampuan Indonesia untuk dapat bergerak dalam industri hilirisasi. Untuk dapat merealisasikan proyek baterai EV, pemerintah Indonesia melakukan kerja sama investasi terhadap Korea Selatan untuk dapat mengembangkan industri baterai EV di Indonesia. Artikel ini fokus kepada usaha perkembangan industri baterai EV di Indonesia melalui promosi investasi. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Setelah melakukan analisis, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia melakukan aktivitas diplomasi komersial dengan menggunakan IIPC Seoul sebagai perpanjangan tangan dari Kementerian Investasi/BKPM yang bertindak sebagai fasilitator serta clearing agent untuk dapat memudahkan lajur investasi dari Korea Selatan dan Indonesia. Usaha ini dibantu dengan perangkat pemerintah lainnya seperti Kementerian BUMN, Kementerian ESDM dan lainnya sehingga dapat mencapai torehan investasi yang besar untuk pengembangan industri EV di Indonesia. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa diplomasi komersial yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia berhasil mencapai tujuan yaitu mendapatkan investasi untuk proyek baterai EV untuk meningkatkan nilai komoditas nikel dan menciptakan industri hilirisasi.\u0000Kata-kata kunci: Diplomasi Komersial, Hilirisasi Nikel, Indonesia, Promosi Investasi, Proyek Bat","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"359 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127582744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenpeace Campaigns Against Asia Pulp & Paper and Wilmar International: A Comparative Research","authors":"Syifa Adzraa Sitorus, C. Purnama","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.101-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.101-130","url":null,"abstract":"As an International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO), for years, Greenpeace has waged campaigns against rainforest deforestation in Indonesia by multinational corporations, such as Asia Pulp & Paper and Wilmar International, the top players in their respective industries. This study reviews the similarities and differences in campaign strategies used by Greenpeace against APP and Wilmar while showing the process of global media communication. The research was conducted as a comparative study using qualitative methods based on the Sandman Environmental Communication Model. Data collected from documents and audio-visual materials passed through a triangulation process to cross-check its interpretation. Eventually, this research finds that Greenpeace relied on the image of well-loved characters like Barbie to create intrigue in its “Barbie, It’s Over” campaign against Mattel and, in turn, APP. While with Wilmar, Greenpeace took a more sympathetic approach using a baby orangutan character in the “Rang-tan” video. Both align with the Sandman Model: relying on publicity stunts to stimulate independent information-seeking from the communicant, which in turn will change their behaviour. Greenpeace's campaign strategy described in this study can be an example for other civil society organizations to achieve sustainable positive behaviour change.\u0000Keywords: Asia Pulp & Paper; global media communication; Greenpeace; international environmental campaign; Wilmar International\u0000 \u0000Selama bertahun-tahun, Greenpeace sebagai Organisasi Non-Pemerintah Internasional (INGO) melakukan kampanye melawan deforestasi hutan hujan di Indonesia oleh perusahaan multinasional seperti Asia Pulp & Paper (APP) dan Wilmar International yang merupakan pemain utama di industri masing-masing. Penelitian ini mengkaji persamaan dan perbedaan strategi kampanye yang digunakan Greenpeace terhadap APP dan Wilmar serta menjelaskan proses komunikasi media global yang terjadi. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai studi komparatif menggunakan metode kualitatif berdasarkan Model Komunikasi Lingkungan Sandman. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumen dan bahan audio visual yang melewati proses triangulasi untuk memeriksa silang interpretasi data. Temuan utama penelitian ini lantas adalah bahwa Greenpeace mengandalkan citra karakter yang dicintai publik seperti Barbie untuk menciptakan intrik dalam kampanye “Barbie, It's Over” melawan APP. Sementara dalam kampanye melawan Wilmar, Greenpeace mengambil pendekatan yang lebih simpatik dengan menggunakan karakter bayi orangutan dalam video “Rang-tan”. Keduanya sejalan dengan Model Sandman: mengandalkan aksi publisitas untuk merangsang pencarian informasi independen dari komunikan, yang pada gilirannya akan mengubah perilaku mereka. Strategi kampanye Greenpeace yang dijelaskan dalam studi ini pun dapat menjadi contoh bagi organisasi masyarakat sipil lainnya untuk mencapai perubahan perilaku positif yang berkelanjutan.\u0000Kata-kata kunci: Asia Pulp & Paper; Gr","PeriodicalId":243676,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global & Strategis","volume":"107 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113978685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}