The transformation of ideas and inventions into actual products is an arduous process that often requires persistent promotion by the inventor, often collaboratively with others. Through an ethnographic field study of an information systems R&D laboratory I illustrate how innovators achieved the goal of promoting their digital inventions by crafting and performing collective narratives demos that strategically leveraged affordances of digital medium. Even though demos were not part of the formal evaluation metric for researchers, they played a crucial role within the organizations through their use for articulation work. Through this articulation work of narrative construction innovators translated their perceived image of the audience into material properties of their artifact and weaved it into their narrative presentation. These highly personalized and often interactive experiences allowed the innovators to tightly manage impressions of their artifact and of them. Products that could be personalized were more likely to garner audience interest and support within the organization. Given the increase in use of digital technology within organizations, more work is needed to understand how articulation changes with digitization.
{"title":"Demo or Die: Narrative Construction as Articulation Work for Promoting Early Stage Digital Innovations","authors":"A. Johri","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2957308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2957308","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of ideas and inventions into actual products is an arduous process that often requires persistent promotion by the inventor, often collaboratively with others. Through an ethnographic field study of an information systems R&D laboratory I illustrate how innovators achieved the goal of promoting their digital inventions by crafting and performing collective narratives demos that strategically leveraged affordances of digital medium. Even though demos were not part of the formal evaluation metric for researchers, they played a crucial role within the organizations through their use for articulation work. Through this articulation work of narrative construction innovators translated their perceived image of the audience into material properties of their artifact and weaved it into their narrative presentation. These highly personalized and often interactive experiences allowed the innovators to tightly manage impressions of their artifact and of them. Products that could be personalized were more likely to garner audience interest and support within the organization. Given the increase in use of digital technology within organizations, more work is needed to understand how articulation changes with digitization.","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115388546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This dissertation investigates three Facebook groups as case studies of the role of social media in enhancing participatory democracy. I argue that the groups were formed to provide avenues for articulating discourses that are counter to the dominant voices of their societies. The study posits that in stratified societies there typically emerges a dominant hegemonic public opinion, which is inimical to the needs, hopes, desires, and aspirations of subordinate classes. The key research question I ask is: How are these groups using social media to build and articulate identities that question the dominant public opinion about issues that have traditionally been controlled by a hegemonic voice?
{"title":"The Role of Social Media in Participatory Democracy: A Case Study of Facebook Groups","authors":"J. Gachau","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2997020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2997020","url":null,"abstract":"This dissertation investigates three Facebook groups as case studies of the role of social media in enhancing participatory democracy. I argue that the groups were formed to provide avenues for articulating discourses that are counter to the dominant voices of their societies. The study posits that in stratified societies there typically emerges a dominant hegemonic public opinion, which is inimical to the needs, hopes, desires, and aspirations of subordinate classes. The key research question I ask is: How are these groups using social media to build and articulate identities that question the dominant public opinion about issues that have traditionally been controlled by a hegemonic voice?","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116650752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Douglas Zytko, Sukeshini A. Grandhi, Quentin Jones
Despite the popularity of online dating systems, prior work indicates that online daters struggle to present and evaluate traits germane to attraction. However, the research community is largely unaware of successful online dating system-use strategies and how the knowledge of these strategies could inform system design. In this paper we begin to address this gap in knowledge with an interview study of online dating coaches who consider their advocated system-use strategies successful based on personal use and feedback from clients who implemented their strategies. Their advocated strategies entail keeping online evaluation intentionally minimal and persuading users to meet in-person as quickly as possible because current system designs stifle reliable evaluation of attraction-relevant traits online, notably personality. We discuss the implications of insights gathered from these strategies for online dating system design using theories relevant to romantic attraction.
{"title":"The Coaches Said...What?: Analysis of Online Dating Strategies Recommended by Dating Coaches","authors":"Douglas Zytko, Sukeshini A. Grandhi, Quentin Jones","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2957287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2957287","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the popularity of online dating systems, prior work indicates that online daters struggle to present and evaluate traits germane to attraction. However, the research community is largely unaware of successful online dating system-use strategies and how the knowledge of these strategies could inform system design. In this paper we begin to address this gap in knowledge with an interview study of online dating coaches who consider their advocated system-use strategies successful based on personal use and feedback from clients who implemented their strategies. Their advocated strategies entail keeping online evaluation intentionally minimal and persuading users to meet in-person as quickly as possible because current system designs stifle reliable evaluation of attraction-relevant traits online, notably personality. We discuss the implications of insights gathered from these strategies for online dating system design using theories relevant to romantic attraction.","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124455014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online dating systems are a common way to discover romantic partners. Yet there persists a gap in knowledge regarding how users of these systems determine which potential partners are worthy of in-person meetings, as well as the outcomes of these in-person meeting decisions. The objective of this dissertation is two-fold: 1) to understand how online dating system users make decisions to meet or not meet potential romantic partners in-person, and 2) to understand how online dating system designs currently support--and could better support--predictions of initial in-person attraction to potential romantic partners.
{"title":"Enhancing Evaluation of Potential Romantic Partners Online","authors":"Douglas Zytko","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2997030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2997030","url":null,"abstract":"Online dating systems are a common way to discover romantic partners. Yet there persists a gap in knowledge regarding how users of these systems determine which potential partners are worthy of in-person meetings, as well as the outcomes of these in-person meeting decisions. The objective of this dissertation is two-fold: 1) to understand how online dating system users make decisions to meet or not meet potential romantic partners in-person, and 2) to understand how online dating system designs currently support--and could better support--predictions of initial in-person attraction to potential romantic partners.","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"931 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123294449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper argues that design fiction is a powerful term in part because it is malleable. A wide range of differing design fictions are emerging and we pursue a spatial metaphor to provide a map based on literary approaches. Following Margaret Atwood we trace design fiction back to marvel and wonder tales such as the Arabian Nights through to the science fiction of the nineteenth and twentieth century. We suggest science, magic, ambiguity and irony as the cardinal points of design fiction. We then apply these four different approaches to design fiction to the concept of a divorce app for older people. We argue that currently design fiction is dominated by scientistic and ironic design fiction and suggest that magic and ambiguity are currently under explored.
{"title":"The Co-ordinates of Design Fiction: Extrapolation, Irony, Ambiguity and Magic","authors":"M. Blythe, Enrique Encinas","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2957299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2957299","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that design fiction is a powerful term in part because it is malleable. A wide range of differing design fictions are emerging and we pursue a spatial metaphor to provide a map based on literary approaches. Following Margaret Atwood we trace design fiction back to marvel and wonder tales such as the Arabian Nights through to the science fiction of the nineteenth and twentieth century. We suggest science, magic, ambiguity and irony as the cardinal points of design fiction. We then apply these four different approaches to design fiction to the concept of a divorce app for older people. We argue that currently design fiction is dominated by scientistic and ironic design fiction and suggest that magic and ambiguity are currently under explored.","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126120280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petru Nicolaescu, Kevin Jahns, M. Derntl, R. Klamma
Near real-time collaboration using Web browsers is becoming rapidly more and more popular for many applications such as text editing, coding, sketching and others. These applications require reliable algorithms to ensure consistency among the participating Web clients. Operational Transformation (OT) and more recently Commutative Replicated Data Types (CRDT) have become widely adopted solutions for this kind of problem. However, most existing approaches are non-trivial and require trade-offs between expressiveness, suitable infrastructure, performance and simplicity. The ever growing number of potential use cases, the new possibilities of cutting-edge messaging protocols that shaped the near real-time Web, and the use of N-way communication between clients (e.g. WebRTC), create a need for peer-to-peer algorithms that perform well and are not restricted to only a few supported data types. In this paper, we present YATA, an approach for peer-to-peer shared editing applications that ensures convergence, preserves user intentions, allows offline editing and can be utilized for arbitrary data types in the Web browser. Using Yjs, its open-source JavaScript library implementation, we have evaluated the performance and multiple usage of YATA in Web and mobile browsers, both on test and real-world data. The promising evaluation results as well as the uptake by many commercial vendors and open-source projects indicate a wide applicability of YATA.
{"title":"Near Real-Time Peer-to-Peer Shared Editing on Extensible Data Types","authors":"Petru Nicolaescu, Kevin Jahns, M. Derntl, R. Klamma","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2957310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2957310","url":null,"abstract":"Near real-time collaboration using Web browsers is becoming rapidly more and more popular for many applications such as text editing, coding, sketching and others. These applications require reliable algorithms to ensure consistency among the participating Web clients. Operational Transformation (OT) and more recently Commutative Replicated Data Types (CRDT) have become widely adopted solutions for this kind of problem. However, most existing approaches are non-trivial and require trade-offs between expressiveness, suitable infrastructure, performance and simplicity. The ever growing number of potential use cases, the new possibilities of cutting-edge messaging protocols that shaped the near real-time Web, and the use of N-way communication between clients (e.g. WebRTC), create a need for peer-to-peer algorithms that perform well and are not restricted to only a few supported data types. In this paper, we present YATA, an approach for peer-to-peer shared editing applications that ensures convergence, preserves user intentions, allows offline editing and can be utilized for arbitrary data types in the Web browser. Using Yjs, its open-source JavaScript library implementation, we have evaluated the performance and multiple usage of YATA in Web and mobile browsers, both on test and real-world data. The promising evaluation results as well as the uptake by many commercial vendors and open-source projects indicate a wide applicability of YATA.","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"297 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128607710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konstantin Aal, Marios Mouratidis, Anne Weibert, V. Wulf
This poster describes the research around computer clubs in Palestinian refugee camps and the various lessons learned during the establishment of this intervention such the importance of the physical infrastructure (e.g. clean room, working hardware), soft technologies (e.g. knowledge transfer through workshops), social infrastructure (e.g. reliable partners in the refugee camp, partner from the university) and social capital (e.g. shared vision and values of all stakeholders). These important insights can be transferred on other interventions in similar unstable environments.
{"title":"Challenges of CI Initiatives in a Political Unstable Situation - Case Study of a Computer Club in a Refugee Camp","authors":"Konstantin Aal, Marios Mouratidis, Anne Weibert, V. Wulf","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2996281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2996281","url":null,"abstract":"This poster describes the research around computer clubs in Palestinian refugee camps and the various lessons learned during the establishment of this intervention such the importance of the physical infrastructure (e.g. clean room, working hardware), soft technologies (e.g. knowledge transfer through workshops), social infrastructure (e.g. reliable partners in the refugee camp, partner from the university) and social capital (e.g. shared vision and values of all stakeholders). These important insights can be transferred on other interventions in similar unstable environments.","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128611985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data analytics and BI (business intelligence) systems are the most prominent user-facing manifestation of 'big data' and the related computational turn in thinking within organizations. However, the big data mythologies-specifically that data can offer more accurate, objective and truthful forms of intelligence and knowledge-impact, reinforce, and reproduce certain epistemological biases. In my research, I study these big data technologies in human services related contexts to examine knowledge claims and the strengths and limitations of big data.
{"title":"Towards Re-Orienting the Big Data Rhetoric","authors":"N. Verma","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2997027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2997027","url":null,"abstract":"Data analytics and BI (business intelligence) systems are the most prominent user-facing manifestation of 'big data' and the related computational turn in thinking within organizations. However, the big data mythologies-specifically that data can offer more accurate, objective and truthful forms of intelligence and knowledge-impact, reinforce, and reproduce certain epistemological biases. In my research, I study these big data technologies in human services related contexts to examine knowledge claims and the strengths and limitations of big data.","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128632299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online board-game sites are popular settings for group activity. However, unlike many kinds of group interaction, previous research has found that there is often little verbal conversation during games, which seems strange in a social situation. One reason that has been suggested for the lack of talk is that actions in the game are themselves communicative acts that can replace verbal utterances. There is little known, however, about how games can substitute for verbal conversation. In this paper we carry out a study exploring meaning and shared understanding through the moves of a board game. Participants played a board game and then retrospectively analysed the communicative meaning of each move; we analysed their responses as indicative of "joint actions" in four layers of interaction. Our study shows that game moves can provide a great deal of communication, and that there are both similarities and differences to verbal conversations at each level. The physical layer, containing the board, is a foundation similar to that of people speaking the same language. The syntactic layer, consisting of the game rules, allows demonstration of expertise but is not noticed by players except in unusual circumstances. The strategic layer, consisting of competitive use of the syntactic rules, diverges considerably from a verbal conversation in terms of shared understanding, because players are actively attempting to avoid revealing their meaning. The personality layer allows players to make inferences about the other player as a person, just as in verbal communication. Our analysis provides new evidence that even simple turn-based games contain a great deal of interaction richness and subtlety, and that the different levels of communication should be considered by designers as a real and legitimate vehicle for social interaction.
{"title":"Chess as a Conversation: Artefact-Based Communication in Online Competitive Board Games","authors":"G. McEwan, C. Gutwin","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2957314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2957314","url":null,"abstract":"Online board-game sites are popular settings for group activity. However, unlike many kinds of group interaction, previous research has found that there is often little verbal conversation during games, which seems strange in a social situation. One reason that has been suggested for the lack of talk is that actions in the game are themselves communicative acts that can replace verbal utterances. There is little known, however, about how games can substitute for verbal conversation. In this paper we carry out a study exploring meaning and shared understanding through the moves of a board game. Participants played a board game and then retrospectively analysed the communicative meaning of each move; we analysed their responses as indicative of \"joint actions\" in four layers of interaction. Our study shows that game moves can provide a great deal of communication, and that there are both similarities and differences to verbal conversations at each level. The physical layer, containing the board, is a foundation similar to that of people speaking the same language. The syntactic layer, consisting of the game rules, allows demonstration of expertise but is not noticed by players except in unusual circumstances. The strategic layer, consisting of competitive use of the syntactic rules, diverges considerably from a verbal conversation in terms of shared understanding, because players are actively attempting to avoid revealing their meaning. The personality layer allows players to make inferences about the other player as a person, just as in verbal communication. Our analysis provides new evidence that even simple turn-based games contain a great deal of interaction richness and subtlety, and that the different levels of communication should be considered by designers as a real and legitimate vehicle for social interaction.","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116280746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foad Hamidi, Claudia Müller, Melanie Baljko, M. Schorch, M. Lewkowicz, Abigale Stangl
HCI and CSCW researchers and practitioners are increasingly working in complex social and political contexts where their research activities involve emotional labor and where they have to confront moral and emotional dilemmas. Given the potential impact of these challenging situations on the wellbeing of researchers in the field, there is much need for a discourse on affective impact of research on the researcher. In this workshop, we invite discussion and reflection on the experiences of distress and the role of informal coping mechanisms (e.g., personal narratives) to address them. We will create a forum where researchers and practitioners can discuss and share experiences of projects in sensitive settings and work towards guidelines to inform future projects.
{"title":"Engaging with Users and Stakeholders: The Emotional and the Personal","authors":"Foad Hamidi, Claudia Müller, Melanie Baljko, M. Schorch, M. Lewkowicz, Abigale Stangl","doi":"10.1145/2957276.2996292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2996292","url":null,"abstract":"HCI and CSCW researchers and practitioners are increasingly working in complex social and political contexts where their research activities involve emotional labor and where they have to confront moral and emotional dilemmas. Given the potential impact of these challenging situations on the wellbeing of researchers in the field, there is much need for a discourse on affective impact of research on the researcher. In this workshop, we invite discussion and reflection on the experiences of distress and the role of informal coping mechanisms (e.g., personal narratives) to address them. We will create a forum where researchers and practitioners can discuss and share experiences of projects in sensitive settings and work towards guidelines to inform future projects.","PeriodicalId":244100,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131621354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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