Applied Energy最新文献_第5页

Designing a prospective carbon trading market in India: Key properties, enabling features and linkages

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125595

Abhinav Jindal , Shivam Puri , Gireesh Shrimali

India is setting up a national carbon trading market and this paper aims to provide inputs regarding the design of a prospective carbon trading market in India. We address two related questions: first, what should be the key properties of this market and their enabling features; and second, how this market would connect to existing domestic market instruments in India such as Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)? Our suggested properties (P1-P5) of a well-functioning carbon market include homogeneity, low entry barriers, liquidity, efficiency, and transparency, which are instrumentalized through ten enabling features (F1-F10). To integrate India's existing market mechanisms PAT and REC into a unified carbon market, we suggest fungibility of trading units of REC and PAT, common compliance and trading cycle and creation of single meta-registry. Finally, we propose a 3-phase framework for an integrated and fully functional Indian carbon market over the next 10 years outlining its key features, challenges and implementation strategies. We believe that our recommended carbon market design is well suited to India's context and would lead to better outcomes. Our design framework can be utilized by other jurisdictions setting up new carbon markets as well as to implement linkages with related domestic market mechanisms.

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the feasibility of Ammonia utilization for Power generation: A techno-economic-environmental study

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125581

Iskandar Halim , Nur Sara Zain , Hsien H. Khoo

This study examines the techno-economic and environmental implications of utilizing green and blue ammonia for Singapore's future power plants. Two approaches are considered: cracking ammonia to produce hydrogen for power generation and directly using ammonia as a fuel. The analysis begins with a conceptual design of an ammonia cracking plant, followed by an economic assessment comparing the levelized costs of ammonia-to‑hydrogen conversion with those of direct ammonia utilization. Finally, the study evaluates greenhouse gas emissions and carbon abatement costs for each approach.

Our study reveals several noteworthy insights. Economically, direct ammonia utilization as a fuel for power plants is preferable to hydrogen production through ammonia cracking due to the high capital and operational costs associated with the cracking process. Environmentally, green ammonia—whether used directly or cracked into hydrogen—demonstrates an almost zero-emission profile. However, caution is warranted for ammonia derived from coal gasification, as its cracking could yield emissions higher than Singapore's current grid levels. Regarding carbon abatement costs, direct use of green ammonia emerges as the most cost-effective option. Additionally, blue ammonia from steam methane reforming serves as a practical transitional solution, supporting the shift to sustainable green ammonia as costs decrease and the necessary infrastructure is further developed in the future.

{"title":"Assessing the feasibility of Ammonia utilization for Power generation: A techno-economic-environmental study","authors":"Iskandar Halim , Nur Sara Zain , Hsien H. Khoo","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the techno-economic and environmental implications of utilizing green and blue ammonia for Singapore's future power plants. Two approaches are considered: cracking ammonia to produce hydrogen for power generation and directly using ammonia as a fuel. The analysis begins with a conceptual design of an ammonia cracking plant, followed by an economic assessment comparing the levelized costs of ammonia-to‑hydrogen conversion with those of direct ammonia utilization. Finally, the study evaluates greenhouse gas emissions and carbon abatement costs for each approach.</div><div>Our study reveals several noteworthy insights. Economically, direct ammonia utilization as a fuel for power plants is preferable to hydrogen production through ammonia cracking due to the high capital and operational costs associated with the cracking process. Environmentally, green ammonia—whether used directly or cracked into hydrogen—demonstrates an almost zero-emission profile. However, caution is warranted for ammonia derived from coal gasification, as its cracking could yield emissions higher than Singapore's current grid levels. Regarding carbon abatement costs, direct use of green ammonia emerges as the most cost-effective option. Additionally, blue ammonia from steam methane reforming serves as a practical transitional solution, supporting the shift to sustainable green ammonia as costs decrease and the necessary infrastructure is further developed in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 125581"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feasibility of integrating excess heat from power-to-methanol: Case study of a Danish district heating network

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125590

Frederik Dahl Nielsen , Iva Ridjan Skov , Peter Sorknæs

This research investigates the feasibility of integrating excess heat (EH) generated from Power-to-Methanol (PtM) production into district heating (DH) systems, focusing on Sønderborg Municipality in Denmark as a case study. The aim is to determine the economic feasibility and broader energy system benefits of utilising excess heat generated at key stages of the PtM process, including electrolysis, methanol synthesis, and carbon capture. The study develops and evaluates nine main scenarios, along with numerous sub-scenarios, which compare different PtM facility configurations and placements. Specifically, it contrasts the benefits of siting these facilities near renewable energy sources versus closer to district heating systems. By examining these placement strategies, the study provides a detailed analysis of the trade-offs involved in maximising PtM market viability and minimising costs and fuel consumption in the DH systems. It is found that incorporating EH from PtM into DH can lead to reductions in both the operational costs (up to 18 %) and the primary energy consumption (up to 23 %) of the DH supply by displacing fossil fuel and biomass use. Additionally, the sale of excess heat can reduce the levelized cost of energy for PtM up to 10 % under optimal conditions. Importantly, the research demonstrates that strategic placement and effective policy incentives, such as grid tariff exemptions, are critical to enhancing the financial viability of PtM.

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引用次数: 0

Routing and scheduling of mobile energy storage systems in active distribution network based on probabilistic voltage sensitivity analysis and Hall's theorem 基于概率电压敏感性分析和霍尔定理的主动配电网中移动储能系统的路由和调度

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125535

Ting Wu , Heng Zhuang , Qisheng Huang , Shiwei Xia , Yue Zhou , Wei Gan , Jelena Stojković Terzić

Mobile energy storage systems (MESSs) possess significant temporal and spatial flexibility, making them ideal for ancillary services in active distribution networks (ADNs). However, conventional MESS scheduling methods rely heavily on accurate load and traffic forecasts, while deep learning-based approaches can be computationally expensive and insufficiently adaptive to dynamic system conditions. To address these challenges, we propose a two-stage scheduling framework that integrates sensitivity analysis, graph theory, and dynamic optimization techniques, thereby enhancing adaptability and computational efficiency. In the first stage, a destination pre-generation model leverages probabilistic voltage sensitivity to accommodate load forecast uncertainties and pinpoint critical ADN nodes that are most likely to require ancillary support. In the second stage, an innovative destination screening algorithm based on Hall's theorem refines the candidate nodes, coupled with a dynamic rolling optimization scheme that continuously updates MESS routes and charging/discharging strategies in real-time. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, compared to existing methods, our proposed two-stage framework improves scheduling accuracy by 5.56 %, boosts the mission finish rate by 35.27 %, and extends the average hourly duration of ancillary services by roughly 20 min. These results underscore the framework's effectiveness and adaptability, offering a robust solution for reliable ADN operations.

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引用次数: 0

Energy efficiency analysis of microwave treatment in rocks: from mine-to-mill operations

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125589

Adel Ahmadihosseini , Azlan Aslam , Arash Rafiei, Ferri Hassani, Agus Sasmito

As one of the most energy-intensive industries, mining faces challenges related to energy inefficiency, safety, and sustainability. These challenges prompt exploration of alternative methods, among which microwave-assisted mining stands out as significant. While existing research suggests the potential benefits of microwave treatment in mining, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its field application. This study aims to address two key gaps in current knowledge: firstly, by examining the holistic impact of microwave treatment across the entire mine-to-mill process rather than focusing solely on individual operations, and secondly, by evaluating the energy efficiency of applying microwave treatment in the field, considering the energy required for microwave irradiation as a design factor. A novel methodology is introduced to capture the effect of microwave treatment in one operation on the subsequent ones, using a comprehensive set of experiments encompassing microwave treatment, calorimetric measurement, uniaxial compressive strength, rock cutting, and crushing tests. The results reveal that using microwave treatment in one operation has significant implications on subsequent ones, leading to an exponential increase in energy efficiency, which can be more than ten folds in some cases. Additionally, utilizing the energy efficiency-based approach, the achieved improvements are discussed per unit of input microwave energy, shedding new light on established concepts such as the effect of power and exposure time on the efficiency of microwave treatment. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of microwave treatment as a viable rock pre-conditioning method, aiming to lead the industry toward more sustainable mining practices.

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization of cascaded packed bed thermal energy storage unit based on response surface and factor analysis methods

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125598

Chengxu Chen , Xiaoze Du , Lizhong Yang , Alessandro Romagnoli

The cascaded multi-layer packed bed thermal energy storage (TES) unit with varying fill ratios is proposed to enhance its thermal performance. A concentric dispersion model for simulating thermal fluid heat transfer is developed and experimentally validated. Based on this, four designs are explored to examine the effect of the filling ratio of phase change materials with different melting points on the thermal performance of the packed bed TES system, including that of balanced-layer, top-heavy-layer, middle-heavy-layer and bottom-heavy-layer. The multi-factor and multi-objective optimization is conducted by response surface and factor analysis methods. Differs from the previous studies that only designed several configurations with different phase change material filling ratios, the present sudy focuses on the interaction between the filling ratio and the thermal performances, as well as the optimal filling ratio of each layer to achieve the best thermal performance. The results show that the bottom-heavy-layer has the shortest charging time of 950 min and the highest energy utilization of 61.72 %, while the top-heavy-layer has the highest charging exergy efficiency of 84.7 % and the largest TES capacity of 96.88 MWh. As for the multi-objective optimization, the optimized value of comprehensive evaluation indicator F is 1.7112, and the corresponding charging time, energy utilization, TES capacity, and charging exergy efficiency is 778 min, 0.62, 99.76 MWh, and 0.83, respectively. This research establishes a foundation for the advanced optimization of phase change material filling ratios and comprehensive system-level evaluation.

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引用次数: 0

Optimising thermoelectric coolers for battery thermal management in light electric vehicles

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125516

Sankhadeep Bhattacharyya, Quang Truong Dinh, Andrew McGordon

The Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) is critical for enhancing the performance and longevity of electric vehicle batteries. Due to their compactness, light electric vehicles (LEVs) have restrictions on BTMS size and weight. Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) have been known for their compactness and reliability and can be a potential solution for BTMS in LEVs. However, the integration of TECs in BTMS still lacks an optimal selection of TEC material, optimal BTMS design, and operational analysis, which are the key areas addressed in this study. First, a simplified cell model ideal for integration with TECs is developed, reflecting the temperature distribution in the cell. Simulations and BTMS performance analysis are then carried out to quantify the relationship between TEC current and cell average temperature and temperature difference under various heat generation and dissipation rates. The study also delves into the impact of TEC design parameters on BTMS performance, providing valuable insights for BTMS manufacturers to optimise LEV battery operation. It is found that the pellet height in TECs is crucial; directly impacting the TEC efficiency and power consumption and therefore must be selected according to the needs of the LEV. An approach for this optimal selection is provided in this study in the form of a multi-objective optimisation problem along with an example case. It is found that under regular operating conditions, an optimised TEC can save 5.89% of energy consumption over the standard TECs available off the shelf.

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引用次数: 0

Zero-carbon-emission electrochemistry-thermochemistry-assembled full-spectrum solar fuel production

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125611

Tao Zhu , Wencheng Fang , Xinrui Chen , Bingxin Liu , Hao Feng , Ying Zhang , Jingjing Duan , Dong Liu , Qiang Li

In this work, hydrogen production, that achieves the combination of mild reaction condition, near zero carbon emission and high energy conversion efficiency, was demonstrated by a Zero‑carbon-emission Electrochemistry-Thermochemistry Assembly (ZETA) driven by full-spectrum solar energy. The proof-of-concept ZETA system was built by the successful integration of thermochemical methanol steam reforming (MSR) driven by long-wavelength photons, and photovoltaic powered electrochemical reduction of MSR produced CO₂ driven by short-wavelength photons. The cascaded utilization of solar energy and the cycle of carbon element were enabled by a novel spectral splitting method. The solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency of ∼20 % was demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically using commercial MSR catalysts and silicon solar cell panels. ZETA approach holds promise to advance beyond solar photo-electrochemical water splitting (unable to use low-energy photons below the band gap) and conventional solar-driven MSR (with CO₂ emission).

{"title":"Zero-carbon-emission electrochemistry-thermochemistry-assembled full-spectrum solar fuel production","authors":"Tao Zhu , Wencheng Fang , Xinrui Chen , Bingxin Liu , Hao Feng , Ying Zhang , Jingjing Duan , Dong Liu , Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, hydrogen production, that achieves the combination of mild reaction condition, near zero carbon emission and high energy conversion efficiency, was demonstrated by a <strong>Z</strong>ero‑carbon-emission <strong>E</strong>lectrochemistry-<strong>T</strong>hermochemistry <strong>A</strong>ssembly (ZETA) driven by full-spectrum solar energy. The proof-of-concept ZETA system was built by the successful integration of thermochemical methanol steam reforming (MSR) driven by long-wavelength photons, and photovoltaic powered electrochemical reduction of MSR produced CO<sub>2</sub> driven by short-wavelength photons. The cascaded utilization of solar energy and the cycle of carbon element were enabled by a novel spectral splitting method. The solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency of ∼20 % was demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically using commercial MSR catalysts and silicon solar cell panels. ZETA approach holds promise to advance beyond solar photo-electrochemical water splitting (unable to use low-energy photons below the band gap) and conventional solar-driven MSR (with CO<sub>2</sub> emission).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 125611"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Internal and external coordinated distributionally robust bidding strategy of virtual power plant operator participating in day-ahead electricity spot and peaking ancillary services markets

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125514

Wanying Li , Fugui Dong , Zhengsen Ji , Peijun Wang

Virtual power plant operators (VPPO) must consider external markets and internal members' coordination issues when bidding decisions and minimize the loss of benefits from wind and PV uncertainty. This study first clarifies the internal and external coordinated distributionally robust (DR) bidding decision process for VPPO participation in the day-ahead electricity spot and peaking ancillary services markets. Secondly, a fuzzy set based on the Wasserstein distance for determining the forecast error of wind and photovoltaic output was used to establish a two-layer optimization model for the VPPO internal and external coordinated DR bidding decision. The upper level is the VPPO external market DR bidding model, and the lower level is the master-slave game bidding model with the VPPO as the leader and controlled distributed power, flexible load, and energy storage (ES) as the followers. Finally, the genetic algorithm with elite strategy and Gurobi solver combining method was used to optimize the bidding strategy of VPPO. The analysis of the algorithm shows that the proposed method gives an optimized solution for VPPO's bidding in the external market, and the interests of both VPPO and internal members are enhanced at the same time. The comparative analysis of multiple scenarios found that wind power forecast error has a greater impact on VPPO's profit than PV. When the unit cost of ES drops to a certain level (200–300 yuan/MW·h), the cost of ES has less impact on the VPPO. The price of the day-ahead electricity spot market had a tremendous impact on VPPO's profits, and when the price of electricity fell by 15 %, VPPO's profits fell by 38.63 %, and VPPO's use of ES declined dramatically.

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引用次数: 0

Coordination of integrated energy systems and transportation networks for cost-effective and flexible multi-energy management

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125555

Wenjie Qiao , Yinghua Han , Fangyuan Si , Ning Zhang , Jinkuan Wang , Qiang Zhao

Electric vehicles (EVs) serve as a critical link between energy and transportation networks (TNs). However, previous research on TN coordination has often overlooked integrated energy systems (IESs), focusing primarily on power networks, which is unable to ensure the secure operation of IES due to the complexities arising from the conversion among various energy sources, and it does not facilitate flexible multi-energy management for the IES. Furthermore, the lack of consideration for mobile load scheduling flexibility in the TN and collaborative operations compromises overall cost-effectiveness. To this end, this study proposes a coordinated IES and TN operation model to achieve economic scheduling and flexible multi-energy management with comprehensive secure operation constraints. In particular, the constituent networks of the IES and TN are modeled individually, after which a transactive relationship model is proposed to interconnect the networks. To lower the computational intractability, several approximation and relaxation methods are proposed to reformulate the model into a mixed-integer-quadratic programming (MIQP) problem. Three case studies are conducted to examine the collaborative operation of IES and TN, demonstrating its advantages over independent operation in terms of reducing consumption and alleviating congestion for flexible multi-energy management.

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引用次数: 0