Applied Energy最新文献_第2页

Efficient mid-term forecasting of hourly electricity load using generalized additive models

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125444

Monika Zimmermann, Florian Ziel

Accurate mid-term (weeks to one year) hourly electricity load forecasts are essential for strategic decision-making in power plant operation, ensuring supply security and grid stability, planning and building energy storage systems, and energy trading. While numerous models effectively predict short-term (hours to a few days) hourly load, mid-term forecasting solutions remain scarce. In mid-term load forecasting, capturing the multifaceted characteristics of load, including daily, weekly and annual seasonal patterns, as well as autoregressive effects, weather and holiday impacts, and socio-economic non-stationarities, presents significant modeling challenges. To address these challenges, we propose a novel forecasting method using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) built from interpretable P-splines that is enhanced with autoregressive post-processing. This model incorporates smoothed temperatures, Error-Trend-Seasonal (ETS) modeled and persistently forecasted non-stationary socio-economic states, a nuanced representation of effects from vacation periods, fixed date and weekday holidays, and seasonal information as inputs. The proposed model is evaluated using load data from 24 European countries over more than 9 years (2015-2024). This analysis demonstrates that the model not only has significantly enhanced forecasting accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods but also offers valuable insights into the influence of individual components on predicted load, given its full interpretability. Achieving performance akin to day-ahead Transmission System Operator (TSO) forecasts, with computation times of just a few seconds for several years of hourly data, underscores the potential of the model for practical application in the power system industry.

{"title":"Efficient mid-term forecasting of hourly electricity load using generalized additive models","authors":"Monika Zimmermann, Florian Ziel","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate mid-term (weeks to one year) hourly electricity load forecasts are essential for strategic decision-making in power plant operation, ensuring supply security and grid stability, planning and building energy storage systems, and energy trading. While numerous models effectively predict short-term (hours to a few days) hourly load, mid-term forecasting solutions remain scarce. In mid-term load forecasting, capturing the multifaceted characteristics of load, including daily, weekly and annual seasonal patterns, as well as autoregressive effects, weather and holiday impacts, and socio-economic non-stationarities, presents significant modeling challenges. To address these challenges, we propose a novel forecasting method using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) built from interpretable P-splines that is enhanced with autoregressive post-processing. This model incorporates smoothed temperatures, Error-Trend-Seasonal (ETS) modeled and persistently forecasted non-stationary socio-economic states, a nuanced representation of effects from vacation periods, fixed date and weekday holidays, and seasonal information as inputs. The proposed model is evaluated using load data from 24 European countries over more than 9 years (2015-2024). This analysis demonstrates that the model not only has significantly enhanced forecasting accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods but also offers valuable insights into the influence of individual components on predicted load, given its full interpretability. Achieving performance akin to day-ahead Transmission System Operator (TSO) forecasts, with computation times of just a few seconds for several years of hourly data, underscores the potential of the model for practical application in the power system industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 125444"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced thermal management for oxygen pump assisted solar thermochemical reactor for fuel production

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125632

Runsen Wang , Yuzhu Chen , Meng Lin

High-performance thermochemical cycles for fuel production require an energy-intensive reduction step due to the stringent conditions of high temperature and low oxygen partial pressure. An integrated high-temperature electrochemical oxygen pump (EOP) can enable effective in-situ oxygen removal, offering flexibility in tuning the oxygen environment with low energy consumption. However, thermal failure induced by extreme high reduction temperature, typically > 1500 °C, poses a challenge to the stability of the oxygen pump. This study proposes a thermal management strategy for oxygen pump integration by actively cooling the pump to prevent overheating. The performance of the reactor was evaluated using both numerical simulation and experimental methods. The thermochemical performance of ceria and the electrochemical performance of the EOP were assessed with and without active cooling. Results indicated that the ceria height (H_ceria) was the key factor influencing reactor performance, more so than the gap distance (D_gap), temperature difference (T_dif), or mass flow rate of the cooling fluid (M_c). Increasing the H_ceria from 3 mm to 7 mm improved the current density from 149.4 A·m^-2 to 356.5 A·m^-2 at 20 s and reduced the δ from 0.0357 to 0.0292 at 3000 s. Howevever, due to increased mass loading at increased H_ceria, the overall oxygen producted increased resulting a in better reactor performance. Increasing the D_gap reduced the temperature gradient within the EOP, and hence enhancing the thermomechanical stability. An in-house oxygen pump sintered at 1373 K demonstrated an effective oxygen removal rate, operating at 162.1 A·m^-2 with 0.3 V and 1373 K. However, the oxygen pump sintered at 1673 K showed a significant decrease in performance, resulting in inadequate oxygen pumping. Optimal reactor performance was achieved in the proposed CA scheme with a T_dif at 900 K, balancing the EOP oxygen removal capability in favorable operating temperature range and thermochemical reactor performance. This study provides comprehensive design guidelines and operational strategies for the integration of electrochemical oxygen pump with thermochemical reactors for practical applications.

{"title":"Advanced thermal management for oxygen pump assisted solar thermochemical reactor for fuel production","authors":"Runsen Wang , Yuzhu Chen , Meng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance thermochemical cycles for fuel production require an energy-intensive reduction step due to the stringent conditions of high temperature and low oxygen partial pressure. An integrated high-temperature electrochemical oxygen pump (EOP) can enable effective in-situ oxygen removal, offering flexibility in tuning the oxygen environment with low energy consumption. However, thermal failure induced by extreme high reduction temperature, typically > 1500 °C, poses a challenge to the stability of the oxygen pump. This study proposes a thermal management strategy for oxygen pump integration by actively cooling the pump to prevent overheating. The performance of the reactor was evaluated using both numerical simulation and experimental methods. The thermochemical performance of ceria and the electrochemical performance of the EOP were assessed with and without active cooling. Results indicated that the ceria height (<em>H</em><sub>ceria</sub>) was the key factor influencing reactor performance, more so than the gap distance (<em>D</em><sub>gap</sub>), temperature difference (<em>T</em><sub>dif</sub>), or mass flow rate of the cooling fluid (<em>M</em><sub>c</sub>). Increasing the <em>H</em><sub>ceria</sub> from 3 mm to 7 mm improved the current density from 149.4 A·m<sup>-2</sup> to 356.5 A·m<sup>-2</sup> at 20 s and reduced the <em>δ</em> from 0.0357 to 0.0292 at 3000 s. Howevever, due to increased mass loading at increased <em>H</em><sub>ceria</sub>, the overall oxygen producted increased resulting a in better reactor performance. Increasing the <em>D</em><sub>gap</sub> reduced the temperature gradient within the EOP, and hence enhancing the thermomechanical stability. An in-house oxygen pump sintered at 1373 K demonstrated an effective oxygen removal rate, operating at 162.1 A·m<sup>-2</sup> with 0.3 V and 1373 K. However, the oxygen pump sintered at 1673 K showed a significant decrease in performance, resulting in inadequate oxygen pumping. Optimal reactor performance was achieved in the proposed CA scheme with a <em>T</em><sub>dif</sub> at 900 K, balancing the EOP oxygen removal capability in favorable operating temperature range and thermochemical reactor performance. This study provides comprehensive design guidelines and operational strategies for the integration of electrochemical oxygen pump with thermochemical reactors for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 125632"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enabling high-fidelity electrothermal modeling of electric flying car batteries: A physics-data hybrid approach

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125633

Wenxue Liu , Xiaosong Hu , Kai Zhang , Yi Xie , Jinsong He , Ziyou Song

This article proposes a novel control-oriented hybrid electrothermal model (HETM) for large-format electric flying car batteries in urban air mobility (UAM) applications. The model accurately predicts the detailed thermal distribution and the terminal voltage of the battery using only current and ambient temperature as inputs. This model includes a physics-data hybrid thermal model (HTM) and an equivalent-circuit electrical model (ECEM), which interact by heat generation calculation and temperature dependence of electrical parameters. The HTM originates from a physics-based spatially-resolved thermal model and is enhanced by a gated recurrent unit-based thermal calibration network. This thermal model combines the strengths of physics-based and data-driven models, ensuring generalizability while significantly improving prediction accuracy. Temperature-dependent capacity compensation and the best parameterization scheme are considered to improve the ECEM's fidelity. A typical UAM cycling profile is generated by a fixed-wing vehicle and includes a flying car flight mission profile and a multistage constant-current charging segment. Various UAM profiles are conducted on an 8-Ah pouch-type NCM lithium-ion battery in a wide temperature range of 0 °C ∼ 40 °C. The HETM and its submodels are parameterized/trained and validated experimentally and the results demonstrate that the HETM achieves estimation deviations of less than 18 mV for terminal voltage and less than 0.8 °C for all key temperatures under various UAM profiles at 25 °C. The fidelity comparison results of HETM with the state-of-the-art thermal/electrothermal models further confirm its superiority. Finally, the practical significance and potential applicability of HETM are discussed to highlight its value.

{"title":"Enabling high-fidelity electrothermal modeling of electric flying car batteries: A physics-data hybrid approach","authors":"Wenxue Liu , Xiaosong Hu , Kai Zhang , Yi Xie , Jinsong He , Ziyou Song","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article proposes a novel control-oriented hybrid electrothermal model (HETM) for large-format electric flying car batteries in urban air mobility (UAM) applications. The model accurately predicts the detailed thermal distribution and the terminal voltage of the battery using only current and ambient temperature as inputs. This model includes a physics-data hybrid thermal model (HTM) and an equivalent-circuit electrical model (ECEM), which interact by heat generation calculation and temperature dependence of electrical parameters. The HTM originates from a physics-based spatially-resolved thermal model and is enhanced by a gated recurrent unit-based thermal calibration network. This thermal model combines the strengths of physics-based and data-driven models, ensuring generalizability while significantly improving prediction accuracy. Temperature-dependent capacity compensation and the best parameterization scheme are considered to improve the ECEM's fidelity. A typical UAM cycling profile is generated by a fixed-wing vehicle and includes a flying car flight mission profile and a multistage constant-current charging segment. Various UAM profiles are conducted on an 8-Ah pouch-type NCM lithium-ion battery in a wide temperature range of 0 °C ∼ 40 °C. The HETM and its submodels are parameterized/trained and validated experimentally and the results demonstrate that the HETM achieves estimation deviations of less than 18 mV for terminal voltage and less than 0.8 °C for all key temperatures under various UAM profiles at 25 °C. The fidelity comparison results of HETM with the state-of-the-art thermal/electrothermal models further confirm its superiority. Finally, the practical significance and potential applicability of HETM are discussed to highlight its value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 125633"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the photoelectric power by the flexible nonplanar PV modules in different layout and design

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125641

Jun Wang , Xinyi Tian , Mingjun Jiang , Guodong Lu , Qiansheng Fang , Jie Ji , Chenglong Luo

The rapid advancement of flexible photovoltaic (PV) modules has broadened their applications, yet limited research has addressed performance variations arising from module layout and design, particularly under dynamic conditions. This study evaluates the photoelectric performance of flexible nonplanar PV modules with various layouts (longitudinal and lateral) and designs (convex and concave) using a self-developed optical-electrical-thermal model validated with experimental data collected under outdoor conditions. The model incorporates beam and diffuse shading ratios to quantify self-shading in concave modules. Experimental results reveal that the convex longitudinal module outperforms others, producing 329.76 Wh at 0° and 268.20 Wh at 90°, despite a lower peak power (31.09 W vs. 40.18 W) under vertical installation. Parametric analysis indicates that power output declines with increasing central angle, with concave longitudinal modules experiencing greater self-shading losses. Orientation changes intensify power losses in lateral layouts due to higher sensitivity to self-shading, while longitudinal layouts exhibit stability but incur greater losses when deviating from due south. Additionally, a redesigned 6 × 6 chip array with series-parallel interconnection is examined. Under widthwise bending, the proposed module exhibits severe mismatch and is unable to generate electricity during the morning and evening hours when solar irradiance distribution is highly non-uniform.

{"title":"Comparison of the photoelectric power by the flexible nonplanar PV modules in different layout and design","authors":"Jun Wang , Xinyi Tian , Mingjun Jiang , Guodong Lu , Qiansheng Fang , Jie Ji , Chenglong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of flexible photovoltaic (PV) modules has broadened their applications, yet limited research has addressed performance variations arising from module layout and design, particularly under dynamic conditions. This study evaluates the photoelectric performance of flexible nonplanar PV modules with various layouts (longitudinal and lateral) and designs (convex and concave) using a self-developed optical-electrical-thermal model validated with experimental data collected under outdoor conditions. The model incorporates beam and diffuse shading ratios to quantify self-shading in concave modules. Experimental results reveal that the convex longitudinal module outperforms others, producing 329.76 Wh at 0° and 268.20 Wh at 90°, despite a lower peak power (31.09 W vs. 40.18 W) under vertical installation. Parametric analysis indicates that power output declines with increasing central angle, with concave longitudinal modules experiencing greater self-shading losses. Orientation changes intensify power losses in lateral layouts due to higher sensitivity to self-shading, while longitudinal layouts exhibit stability but incur greater losses when deviating from due south. Additionally, a redesigned 6 × 6 chip array with series-parallel interconnection is examined. Under widthwise bending, the proposed module exhibits severe mismatch and is unable to generate electricity during the morning and evening hours when solar irradiance distribution is highly non-uniform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 125641"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-carbon economic dispatch of iron and steel industry empowered by wind‑hydrogen energy: Modeling and stochastic programming

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125599

Haotian Wu, Deping Ke, Jian Xu, Lin Song, Siyang Liao, Pengcheng Zhang

The advancement of iron and steel production techniques is facilitating the transition of the iron and steel industry (ISI) from coal as the primary energy source to renewable alternatives such as wind and hydrogen. This also implies that the traditional scheduling method of the ISI, which considers only a single form of energy, requires immediate upgrading. To address this issue, this paper proposes a low-carbon stochastic economic dispatch model that considers the multi-energy coupled ISI. The implementation of a resource task network, which defines discrete steel production, permits the incorporation of gas-based ironmaking and stochastic wind‑hydrogen scenarios into an extended resource task network (ERTN). This ERTN ultimately provides a mathematical representation of the overall operation of the ISI. Additionally, a carbon trading model for the ISI based on the actual carbon policies in southern China is constructed to provide additional guidance on the energy use of the ISI. To overcome the computational challenges posed by the considerable number of binary variables and scenarios inherent to the ERTN, a Lagrangian Benders decomposition algorithm (LBDA) has been developed. This approach entails decomposing the original model into a master problem and multiple subproblems, thereby facilitating more efficient optimization. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of rationally arranging iron and steel production and optimizing the energy utility to maximize the overall economy of ISI, and the LBDA is able to guarantee optimality while significantly enhancing the solution efficiency.

{"title":"Low-carbon economic dispatch of iron and steel industry empowered by wind‑hydrogen energy: Modeling and stochastic programming","authors":"Haotian Wu, Deping Ke, Jian Xu, Lin Song, Siyang Liao, Pengcheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of iron and steel production techniques is facilitating the transition of the iron and steel industry (ISI) from coal as the primary energy source to renewable alternatives such as wind and hydrogen. This also implies that the traditional scheduling method of the ISI, which considers only a single form of energy, requires immediate upgrading. To address this issue, this paper proposes a low-carbon stochastic economic dispatch model that considers the multi-energy coupled ISI. The implementation of a resource task network, which defines discrete steel production, permits the incorporation of gas-based ironmaking and stochastic wind‑hydrogen scenarios into an extended resource task network (ERTN). This ERTN ultimately provides a mathematical representation of the overall operation of the ISI. Additionally, a carbon trading model for the ISI based on the actual carbon policies in southern China is constructed to provide additional guidance on the energy use of the ISI. To overcome the computational challenges posed by the considerable number of binary variables and scenarios inherent to the ERTN, a Lagrangian Benders decomposition algorithm (LBDA) has been developed. This approach entails decomposing the original model into a master problem and multiple subproblems, thereby facilitating more efficient optimization. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of rationally arranging iron and steel production and optimizing the energy utility to maximize the overall economy of ISI, and the LBDA is able to guarantee optimality while significantly enhancing the solution efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 125599"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilience-oriented planning for microgrid clusters considering P2P energy trading and extreme events

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125560

Zheng Xu , Yue Chen , Linwei Sang , Haifeng Qiu , Zhi Wu , Hengqing Ye

Multiple microgrids (MGs) can work more collaboratively and economically thanks to peer-to-peer (P2P) energy transactions. Nevertheless, the more frequent contingencies pose threats to the energy trading of multi-MGs, underscoring the need to strike a balance between economic efficiency and resilience. To safeguard the co-operational security of MG clusters, this paper proposes a resilience-oriented planning method considering extreme events and their destructive impacts on multi-agent energy trading. Firstly, a multi-agent resilient planning model is established, aiming at reducing the planning cost through collaborative energy sharing while ensuring the existence of alternative solutions under contingencies. Both the internal uncertainties of renewable energy sources and load variations and the external stochastic transaction disruptions are considered. To ensure the convexity and continuity of the model, it is proven that the complementary constraints of energy storage in both the normal and contingency conditions can be relaxed without introducing binary variables. Then, an incentive-driven P2P pricing strategy is devised by working on the dual of the social cost minimization problem. The equality and inequality coupling constraints among multi-stakeholders are decoupled in a distributed manner with limited information exchange. The convergence and optimality of the proposed distributed algorithm are supported with theoretical guarantees, and then it is solved efficiently by incorporating the scenario-decoupled column and constraint generation approach. Numerical experiments on island MG systems validate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed planning method, which is of great significance in improving multi-agent grid profitability and resilience.

{"title":"Resilience-oriented planning for microgrid clusters considering P2P energy trading and extreme events","authors":"Zheng Xu , Yue Chen , Linwei Sang , Haifeng Qiu , Zhi Wu , Hengqing Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple microgrids (MGs) can work more collaboratively and economically thanks to peer-to-peer (P2P) energy transactions. Nevertheless, the more frequent contingencies pose threats to the energy trading of multi-MGs, underscoring the need to strike a balance between economic efficiency and resilience. To safeguard the co-operational security of MG clusters, this paper proposes a resilience-oriented planning method considering extreme events and their destructive impacts on multi-agent energy trading. Firstly, a multi-agent resilient planning model is established, aiming at reducing the planning cost through collaborative energy sharing while ensuring the existence of alternative solutions under contingencies. Both the internal uncertainties of renewable energy sources and load variations and the external stochastic transaction disruptions are considered. To ensure the convexity and continuity of the model, it is proven that the complementary constraints of energy storage in both the normal and contingency conditions can be relaxed without introducing binary variables. Then, an incentive-driven P2P pricing strategy is devised by working on the dual of the social cost minimization problem. The equality and inequality coupling constraints among multi-stakeholders are decoupled in a distributed manner with limited information exchange. The convergence and optimality of the proposed distributed algorithm are supported with theoretical guarantees, and then it is solved efficiently by incorporating the scenario-decoupled column and constraint generation approach. Numerical experiments on island MG systems validate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed planning method, which is of great significance in improving multi-agent grid profitability and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 125560"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trade-off both in the clearing market and ancillary services markets for agriculture park operator: A strategic bilevel multi-objective programming

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125634

Junyan Shao , Houhe Chen , Özgür Çelik , Baoze Wei , Juan C. Vasquez , Josep M. Guerrero

Future agriculture is poised to shift towards smarter, more sustainable production modes. This innovation are performed as the integration of greenhouse with photovoltaic energy storage systems (PESS). Agricultural park operators (APOs) may efficiently leverage solar energy to enhance both crop growth and overall energy management. Thus, APOs transform into prosumers via the deployment and management of PESS. Beyond benefits known to all, this transition presents a trade-off for APOs: 1) Using energy storage to save more solar energy, thereby extending growth time per day for crops utilize stored power. 2) Lease the energy storage to utilities for additional revenue or offset part of the electricity bill. In response to this future practical and meaningful challenge, this paper develops a bi-level optimization model of strategic decision-making and designs energy management for operators. The upper level highlighted maximizing profits of efficient and daily management for agricultural park. The upper level comprises two parts: (i) Maximizing profits in the ancillary services market and (ii) Minimizing the cost of electricity procurement. The bi-level model is reformulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) problem via the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) method. Simulations indicate that deploying photovoltaic and battery systems may reduce costs of electricity procurement and crop growth cycles, increase net profit up to 33 %. Additionally, crop prices and ancillary service prices significantly influence strategy options.

{"title":"Trade-off both in the clearing market and ancillary services markets for agriculture park operator: A strategic bilevel multi-objective programming","authors":"Junyan Shao , Houhe Chen , Özgür Çelik , Baoze Wei , Juan C. Vasquez , Josep M. Guerrero","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Future agriculture is poised to shift towards smarter, more sustainable production modes. This innovation are performed as the integration of greenhouse with photovoltaic energy storage systems (PESS). Agricultural park operators (APOs) may efficiently leverage solar energy to enhance both crop growth and overall energy management. Thus, APOs transform into prosumers via the deployment and management of PESS. Beyond benefits known to all, this transition presents a trade-off for APOs: 1) Using energy storage to save more solar energy, thereby extending growth time per day for crops utilize stored power. 2) Lease the energy storage to utilities for additional revenue or offset part of the electricity bill. In response to this future practical and meaningful challenge, this paper develops a bi-level optimization model of strategic decision-making and designs energy management for operators. The upper level highlighted maximizing profits of efficient and daily management for agricultural park. The upper level comprises two parts: (i) Maximizing profits in the ancillary services market and (ii) Minimizing the cost of electricity procurement. The bi-level model is reformulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) problem via the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) method. Simulations indicate that deploying photovoltaic and battery systems may reduce costs of electricity procurement and crop growth cycles, increase net profit up to 33 %. Additionally, crop prices and ancillary service prices significantly influence strategy options.</div><div>© 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 125634"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Energy Synchronization Platform concept in the model region Augsburg to enable and streamline automated industrial demand response

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125455

Christine van Stiphoudt , Sergio Potenciano Menci , Can Kaymakci , Simon Wenninger , Dennis Bauer , Sebastian Duda , Gilbert Fridgen , Alexander Sauer

The industrial sector accounts for a large share of electricity demand and has promising potential for providing demand response services. In parallel, digital platforms have emerged to support industrial demand response. However, these platforms often operate in isolated environments, with customized, single company solutions. This carries the risk of being subject to potential vendor lock-in and challenges related of restricted interoperability due to a lack of agnostic information exchanges. Additionally, many platforms focus on specific flexibility assets or market services, which limits the ability of industrial companies to fully explore their demand response potential. To address these challenges, we propose the Energy Synchronization Platform concept, which features three main innovations. First, its multi-sided architecture enables any industrial company to connect to demand-response-oriented service providers, thus creating value for various stakeholders. Second, it employs a standardized data model to facilitate interoperable and agnostic information exchange, thus reducing vendor lock-in and enhancing cross-platform compatibility (i.e., enabling connections to other platforms and any machine). Third, its modular, service-oriented design supports the integration of diverse market-related services, such as flexibility scheduling, optimization, and grid flexibility. Moreover, we present insights from evaluations of conceptual test operations across different settings, in both laboratories and industrial companies located in a model region in Germany. We discuss factors that influence the deployment of the Energy Synchronization Platform and the potential impacts of its deployment on company operations. The results of this analysis can support practitioners and researchers in developing, improving, or replicating the Energy Synchronization Platform.

{"title":"The Energy Synchronization Platform concept in the model region Augsburg to enable and streamline automated industrial demand response","authors":"Christine van Stiphoudt , Sergio Potenciano Menci , Can Kaymakci , Simon Wenninger , Dennis Bauer , Sebastian Duda , Gilbert Fridgen , Alexander Sauer","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial sector accounts for a large share of electricity demand and has promising potential for providing demand response services. In parallel, digital platforms have emerged to support industrial demand response. However, these platforms often operate in isolated environments, with customized, single company solutions. This carries the risk of being subject to potential vendor lock-in and challenges related of restricted interoperability due to a lack of agnostic information exchanges. Additionally, many platforms focus on specific flexibility assets or market services, which limits the ability of industrial companies to fully explore their demand response potential. To address these challenges, we propose the Energy Synchronization Platform concept, which features three main innovations. First, its multi-sided architecture enables any industrial company to connect to demand-response-oriented service providers, thus creating value for various stakeholders. Second, it employs a standardized data model to facilitate interoperable and agnostic information exchange, thus reducing vendor lock-in and enhancing cross-platform compatibility (i.e., enabling connections to other platforms and any machine). Third, its modular, service-oriented design supports the integration of diverse market-related services, such as flexibility scheduling, optimization, and grid flexibility. Moreover, we present insights from evaluations of conceptual test operations across different settings, in both laboratories and industrial companies located in a model region in Germany. We discuss factors that influence the deployment of the Energy Synchronization Platform and the potential impacts of its deployment on company operations. The results of this analysis can support practitioners and researchers in developing, improving, or replicating the Energy Synchronization Platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 125455"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive building-wise rooftop photovoltaic system detection in heterogeneous urban and rural areas: application to French territories

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125630

Martin Thebault , Boris Nerot , Benjamin Govehovitch, Christophe Ménézo

With the rapid expansion of Rooftop Photovoltaic (RPV) systems, accurately identifying the location of these installations has become essential for urban planning, grid management, and socio-economic analysis. However, existing European datasets of RPV systems are often limited in both spatial coverage and precision, especially in regions with diverse architectural styles. This study presents a novel methodology for identifying RPV systems by employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on high-resolution aerial imagery and building registry data. Alternatively to traditional tile-based methods, we propose a building-by-building approach, ensuring that each building is individually assessed. The model was trained and validated on five French departments representing a variety of roofing materials and urban typologies. It demonstrates a high correlation between predicted and registered RPV systems, though detection performance varies with roofing materials—achieving better accuracy on tiled roofs than slate roofs. When applied to the entire metropolitan French territory, the model processed images of more than 40 million buildings, identifying approximately 600,000 RPV systems. The results’ accuracy is evaluated, taking into account factors such as data quality and local urban characteristics. All data and the model are publicly available for further research and applications.

{"title":"A comprehensive building-wise rooftop photovoltaic system detection in heterogeneous urban and rural areas: application to French territories","authors":"Martin Thebault , Boris Nerot , Benjamin Govehovitch, Christophe Ménézo","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid expansion of Rooftop Photovoltaic (RPV) systems, accurately identifying the location of these installations has become essential for urban planning, grid management, and socio-economic analysis. However, existing European datasets of RPV systems are often limited in both spatial coverage and precision, especially in regions with diverse architectural styles. This study presents a novel methodology for identifying RPV systems by employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on high-resolution aerial imagery and building registry data. Alternatively to traditional tile-based methods, we propose a building-by-building approach, ensuring that each building is individually assessed. The model was trained and validated on five French departments representing a variety of roofing materials and urban typologies. It demonstrates a high correlation between predicted and registered RPV systems, though detection performance varies with roofing materials—achieving better accuracy on tiled roofs than slate roofs. When applied to the entire metropolitan French territory, the model processed images of more than 40 million buildings, identifying approximately 600,000 RPV systems. The results’ accuracy is evaluated, taking into account factors such as data quality and local urban characteristics. All data and the model are publicly available for further research and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 125630"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal infrastructures and integrative energy networks for sustainable and energy-resilient city renaissance

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125612

Zhaohui Dan , Bingling Zhou , Yuekuan Zhou

The transition to sustainable energy systems is being driven across building, transportation, and power grid sectors to achieve sustainable development goals. Collaborative, multi-sector energy systems at the city level promote energy sharing and interactions, leading to enhanced urban renewable energy share and reduced carbon emissions compared to single-sector measures. While most research has concentrated on single-sector measures, limited attention has been given to cross-sector energy interactions in the context of urban electrification and hydrogenation. This review presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the interplay between energy dynamics and carbon reduction potential across sectors, highlighting: 1) building consumers and prosumers; 2) building energy management and scale updates; 3) charging infrastructure location methods; 4) climate models and energy resilience enhancement strategies; and 5) applications of artificial intelligence. This review also emphasizes the role of charging stations and hydrogen refuelling stations as critical nodes in urban cross-sector energy network. Several future research directions are identified, including: 1) the development of resilient indicators for city-scale, cross-sector energy systems; 2) the planning of charging station that consider cross-sector energy system updates and climate change impacts; 3) strategies for energy sharing and interactions within urban cross-sector energy system; 4) profit mechanisms to incentivize energy investors and consumers. This review offers urban planners and researchers with insightful recommendations for the design, planning and management of future urban energy infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of integrated, multi-sector approaches for achieving sustainability and resilience.

{"title":"Optimal infrastructures and integrative energy networks for sustainable and energy-resilient city renaissance","authors":"Zhaohui Dan , Bingling Zhou , Yuekuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to sustainable energy systems is being driven across building, transportation, and power grid sectors to achieve sustainable development goals. Collaborative, multi-sector energy systems at the city level promote energy sharing and interactions, leading to enhanced urban renewable energy share and reduced carbon emissions compared to single-sector measures. While most research has concentrated on single-sector measures, limited attention has been given to cross-sector energy interactions in the context of urban electrification and hydrogenation. This review presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the interplay between energy dynamics and carbon reduction potential across sectors, highlighting: 1) building consumers and prosumers; 2) building energy management and scale updates; 3) charging infrastructure location methods; 4) climate models and energy resilience enhancement strategies; and 5) applications of artificial intelligence. This review also emphasizes the role of charging stations and hydrogen refuelling stations as critical nodes in urban cross-sector energy network. Several future research directions are identified, including: 1) the development of resilient indicators for city-scale, cross-sector energy systems; 2) the planning of charging station that consider cross-sector energy system updates and climate change impacts; 3) strategies for energy sharing and interactions within urban cross-sector energy system; 4) profit mechanisms to incentivize energy investors and consumers. This review offers urban planners and researchers with insightful recommendations for the design, planning and management of future urban energy infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of integrated, multi-sector approaches for achieving sustainability and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 125612"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0