Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165937
G.F. McDougal, M. Cooper, D. Folds
It is suggested that the Air Force (AF) Electronic Combat (EC) Test Process for RF receiver systems can be realized via application of the scientific method employed by experimental scientists for centuries. The authors delineate the direct correspondence of the scientific method to the disciplined AF EC Test Process for RF receiver systems. A by-product of this examination is the identification of the pitfalls which have historically plagued EC system test and evaluation. Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of computer modeling and simulation to implement key steps in the scientific method relative to hypothesis formulation, prediction validation, experiment correlation, and the generalization of these results to operational performance estimates. Mathematical formulations are presented to accomplish the mapping of RF receiver test objective specific performance characteristics to operationally relevant performance measures.<>
{"title":"AF EC test process for RF receivers","authors":"G.F. McDougal, M. Cooper, D. Folds","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165937","url":null,"abstract":"It is suggested that the Air Force (AF) Electronic Combat (EC) Test Process for RF receiver systems can be realized via application of the scientific method employed by experimental scientists for centuries. The authors delineate the direct correspondence of the scientific method to the disciplined AF EC Test Process for RF receiver systems. A by-product of this examination is the identification of the pitfalls which have historically plagued EC system test and evaluation. Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of computer modeling and simulation to implement key steps in the scientific method relative to hypothesis formulation, prediction validation, experiment correlation, and the generalization of these results to operational performance estimates. Mathematical formulations are presented to accomplish the mapping of RF receiver test objective specific performance characteristics to operationally relevant performance measures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"46 46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122951893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165721
J. G. Nell
The author cites similarities between devising an integrated approach to designing, manufacturing, using, and supporting aircraft avionics systems and the approach to analyzing enterprise-integration architectures. It is suggested that the most effective approach will be the framework that is created by a consensus of the users of such systems. This cooperation will provide a known environment into which systems can be connected and operated, provide lower development costs, and provide a more competitive environment for avionics system component suppliers.<>
{"title":"Product methodology for industrial enterprise competitiveness (avionics)","authors":"J. G. Nell","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165721","url":null,"abstract":"The author cites similarities between devising an integrated approach to designing, manufacturing, using, and supporting aircraft avionics systems and the approach to analyzing enterprise-integration architectures. It is suggested that the most effective approach will be the framework that is created by a consensus of the users of such systems. This cooperation will provide a known environment into which systems can be connected and operated, provide lower development costs, and provide a more competitive environment for avionics system component suppliers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121688176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165794
R. A. Chapman, D. Norman, D. Zahirniak, S. Rogers, M. Oxley
The authors discuss the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to the classification of spread spectrum signals based on signal type or spreading technique. Radial basis function networks (RBFNs) and back-propagation networks (BPNs) were used to classify the correlation signatures of the signals. Correlation signatures of four types or classes were obtained from United States Army Harry Diamond Laboratories: direct sequence (DS), linearly stepped frequency hopped (LSFH), randomly driven frequency hopped (RDFH), and a hybrid of direct sequence and randomly driven frequency hopped (HYB). RBFNs and BPNs trained directly on two classes (DS and LSFH) and four classes (DS, LSFH, RDFH, and HYB) of correlation signatures. Classification accuracies ranged from 79% to 92% for the two-class problem and from 70% to 76% for the four-class problem. The RBFNs consistently produced classification accuracies from 5% to 10% higher than accuracies produced by the BPNs. The RBFNs produced this classification advantage in significantly less training for all cases.<>
{"title":"Classification of correlation signatures of spread spectrum signals using neural networks","authors":"R. A. Chapman, D. Norman, D. Zahirniak, S. Rogers, M. Oxley","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165794","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to the classification of spread spectrum signals based on signal type or spreading technique. Radial basis function networks (RBFNs) and back-propagation networks (BPNs) were used to classify the correlation signatures of the signals. Correlation signatures of four types or classes were obtained from United States Army Harry Diamond Laboratories: direct sequence (DS), linearly stepped frequency hopped (LSFH), randomly driven frequency hopped (RDFH), and a hybrid of direct sequence and randomly driven frequency hopped (HYB). RBFNs and BPNs trained directly on two classes (DS and LSFH) and four classes (DS, LSFH, RDFH, and HYB) of correlation signatures. Classification accuracies ranged from 79% to 92% for the two-class problem and from 70% to 76% for the four-class problem. The RBFNs consistently produced classification accuracies from 5% to 10% higher than accuracies produced by the BPNs. The RBFNs produced this classification advantage in significantly less training for all cases.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121886425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165912
L.E. Greene
The author discusses specific LCC (life cycle cost) milestones and activities which program managers should address to effectively apply LCC management techniques to their programs. The focus is more on the timing side of LCC management rather than on the how to do it side of the problem. The LCC milestones discussed are necessarily generic ones since it is not possible to discuss them in terms of just one specific program. However, with the help of a statement of program objectives and a master program schedule which shows the program phases, these generic LCC milestones can be easily tailored and adapted to a specific program.<>
{"title":"Life cycle cost (LCC) milestones","authors":"L.E. Greene","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165912","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses specific LCC (life cycle cost) milestones and activities which program managers should address to effectively apply LCC management techniques to their programs. The focus is more on the timing side of LCC management rather than on the how to do it side of the problem. The LCC milestones discussed are necessarily generic ones since it is not possible to discuss them in terms of just one specific program. However, with the help of a statement of program objectives and a master program schedule which shows the program phases, these generic LCC milestones can be easily tailored and adapted to a specific program.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"11 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125942037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165774
C. Ravat, J.P. Mestre, C. Rose, M. Schorter
The combination of optronic and radar sensors significantly improves combat aircraft potential. After having studied the fusion and estimation algorithms required by this combination, Thomson-CSF has set up a ground experiment in order to evaluate the performance of a combined radar-optronic system in short and medium range aerial combat. A system of this type can be used in combination with fire-control systems (gun or missile). The experiment combines an RDM radar and an ATLIS TV tracking pod, and will be completed later with an ASPIC IRST (infrared search and track) sensor. The potential interest of the combined use of radar and optronics is presented with the experimental conditions and the main results obtained.<>
{"title":"Radar-optronic tracking experiment for short and medium range aerial combat","authors":"C. Ravat, J.P. Mestre, C. Rose, M. Schorter","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165774","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of optronic and radar sensors significantly improves combat aircraft potential. After having studied the fusion and estimation algorithms required by this combination, Thomson-CSF has set up a ground experiment in order to evaluate the performance of a combined radar-optronic system in short and medium range aerial combat. A system of this type can be used in combination with fire-control systems (gun or missile). The experiment combines an RDM radar and an ATLIS TV tracking pod, and will be completed later with an ASPIC IRST (infrared search and track) sensor. The potential interest of the combined use of radar and optronics is presented with the experimental conditions and the main results obtained.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129953811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165905
D. Perschbacher, K. Levi, M. Hoffman
It is pointed out that fielding an operational pilot's associate (PA) will require both implicit and explicit representations of knowledge. Speed and memory performance requirements for PA will be aided by the use of implicit representations of knowledge. Acquiring and maintaining the large knowledge bases for PA will, by contrast, be aided by having explicit knowledge representations. Such explicit representations are being investigated in a 10 person-year research project sponsored by the Wright Research and Development Center. A critical contribution of this research has been to develop concepts that make machine learning applicable to real-time control and execution systems such as pilot's associate. The authors describe how machine learning techniques can automatically transform explicit representations into the implicit representations required by PA.<>
有人指出，派遣一名操作飞行员的助手(PA)将需要隐性和显性的知识表示。使用知识的隐式表示将有助于PA的速度和内存性能要求。相比之下，获取和维护PA的大型知识库将得到明确的知识表示的帮助。赖特研究与发展中心(Wright research and Development Center)发起了一个10人年的研究项目，对这种明确的表述进行了调查。这项研究的一个关键贡献是开发了使机器学习适用于实时控制和执行系统(如飞行员助理)的概念。作者描述了机器学习技术如何自动将显式表示转换为PA所需的隐式表示。b>
{"title":"The importance of implicit and explicit knowledge in a pilot's associate system","authors":"D. Perschbacher, K. Levi, M. Hoffman","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165905","url":null,"abstract":"It is pointed out that fielding an operational pilot's associate (PA) will require both implicit and explicit representations of knowledge. Speed and memory performance requirements for PA will be aided by the use of implicit representations of knowledge. Acquiring and maintaining the large knowledge bases for PA will, by contrast, be aided by having explicit knowledge representations. Such explicit representations are being investigated in a 10 person-year research project sponsored by the Wright Research and Development Center. A critical contribution of this research has been to develop concepts that make machine learning applicable to real-time control and execution systems such as pilot's associate. The authors describe how machine learning techniques can automatically transform explicit representations into the implicit representations required by PA.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129507650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165783
S.A. Broatch, A. Henley
A federated Kalman filter architecture has been developed in which the Kalman filter processing is distributed among the navigation sensors to be integrated. Each navigation sensor with its Kalman filter can, in conjunction with the reference INS (Inertial Navigation System), be considered as a subsystem which functions as an independent manager. A central data fusion function is used to integrate the information from these navigators. Such a federated architecture can offer a number of advantages over one with a single central Kalman filter. These advantages include improved failure detection and correction, improved redundancy management, and lower costs for system integration. GEC Avionics has developed a system for the integration of INS with GPS (Global Positioning System) and TRN (Terrain Referenced Navigation), together with other navigation aids. Results are presented to demonstrate the performance and the benefits of using a federated approach.<>
{"title":"An integrated navigation system manager using federated Kalman filtering","authors":"S.A. Broatch, A. Henley","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165783","url":null,"abstract":"A federated Kalman filter architecture has been developed in which the Kalman filter processing is distributed among the navigation sensors to be integrated. Each navigation sensor with its Kalman filter can, in conjunction with the reference INS (Inertial Navigation System), be considered as a subsystem which functions as an independent manager. A central data fusion function is used to integrate the information from these navigators. Such a federated architecture can offer a number of advantages over one with a single central Kalman filter. These advantages include improved failure detection and correction, improved redundancy management, and lower costs for system integration. GEC Avionics has developed a system for the integration of INS with GPS (Global Positioning System) and TRN (Terrain Referenced Navigation), together with other navigation aids. Results are presented to demonstrate the performance and the benefits of using a federated approach.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131480033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165804
D. Wheaton, I. Horowitz, C. Houpis
The application of non-minimum phase omega '-plane discrete MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) quantitative feedback theory (QFT) to the design of a three-axis rate-commanded automatic flight control system for a URV is presented. The URV model used is a seven-input three-output state-space system derived from the small-angle perturbation equations of motion. The controllers and prefilters designed provide a three-axis noninteracting rate-commanded automatic flight control law implementation on the Lambda URV. Hybrid nonlinear simulations verify the successful application of discrete QFT. The yaw-rate channel meets all specifications.<>
{"title":"Robust discrete controller design for an unmanned research vehicle (URV) using discrete quantitative feedback theory","authors":"D. Wheaton, I. Horowitz, C. Houpis","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165804","url":null,"abstract":"The application of non-minimum phase omega '-plane discrete MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) quantitative feedback theory (QFT) to the design of a three-axis rate-commanded automatic flight control system for a URV is presented. The URV model used is a seven-input three-output state-space system derived from the small-angle perturbation equations of motion. The controllers and prefilters designed provide a three-axis noninteracting rate-commanded automatic flight control law implementation on the Lambda URV. Hybrid nonlinear simulations verify the successful application of discrete QFT. The yaw-rate channel meets all specifications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130068404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165746
R. Stevens
The SAE Linear Implementation Task Group has developed the SAE Linear Token Passing Multiplex Data Bus Standard (AS4074.1). A validation plan which will define the test requirements for determining that an implementation of the standard meets the requirements of SAE AS4074.1 is discussed. Once completed, the test requirements contained in this plan will be executed on bus interface units (BIUs) for validation purposes. The author describes the use of a validation model that incorporates many of the capabilities of the validation test plan. This model can also be thought of as a VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) behavioral representation of the SAE Linear Token Passing Multiplex Data Bus Standard. It is tightly coupled to the standard and provides a model that can be used during the BIU development to validate the design.<>
{"title":"High speed data bus design validation","authors":"R. Stevens","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165746","url":null,"abstract":"The SAE Linear Implementation Task Group has developed the SAE Linear Token Passing Multiplex Data Bus Standard (AS4074.1). A validation plan which will define the test requirements for determining that an implementation of the standard meets the requirements of SAE AS4074.1 is discussed. Once completed, the test requirements contained in this plan will be executed on bus interface units (BIUs) for validation purposes. The author describes the use of a validation model that incorporates many of the capabilities of the validation test plan. This model can also be thought of as a VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) behavioral representation of the SAE Linear Token Passing Multiplex Data Bus Standard. It is tightly coupled to the standard and provides a model that can be used during the BIU development to validate the design.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"39 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125742467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-20DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1991.165728
R.E. Sommer, M. A. Mehalic
The authors deal with the development of a Winograd Fourier transform processor at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The processor can be hardware-configured to perform a 15-, 16-, 17-, 240-, 255-, 272-, or 4,080-point transform. The authors present three methods that can be used to improve the utility of the AFIT WFTA processor. Dynamic reconfiguration, a two-dimensional transform system, and an alternate architecture for the AFIT WFTA are presented. Results of these improvements are given, including a four-dimensional FFT (fast Fourier transform) configuration that can perform a single 77520-point complex FFT in 8.87 milliseconds, and once the processor's pipeline is full, a 77520-point complex transform can be completed every 2.22 milliseconds.<>
{"title":"Design enhancements for the Air Force Institute of Technology's Winograd Fourier transform processor","authors":"R.E. Sommer, M. A. Mehalic","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1991.165728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1991.165728","url":null,"abstract":"The authors deal with the development of a Winograd Fourier transform processor at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The processor can be hardware-configured to perform a 15-, 16-, 17-, 240-, 255-, 272-, or 4,080-point transform. The authors present three methods that can be used to improve the utility of the AFIT WFTA processor. Dynamic reconfiguration, a two-dimensional transform system, and an alternate architecture for the AFIT WFTA are presented. Results of these improvements are given, including a four-dimensional FFT (fast Fourier transform) configuration that can perform a single 77520-point complex FFT in 8.87 milliseconds, and once the processor's pipeline is full, a 77520-point complex transform can be completed every 2.22 milliseconds.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":247766,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125775604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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